4.专题四 形容词和副词-【加速度中考】2025年贵州中考英语课堂精讲本

专题四 形容词和副词 (6-7分) 语法知识理重点 作定语 作表语 用法 规则变化 作宾语补足语」 形容词 构成 形容词和副词的 词义辨析 不规则变化 比较等级 作状语 原级的用法 作表语 形容词和副词的 (2年1考) 用法 形容词和副词 比较级的用法 作定语 用法 用法及辨析 最高级的用法 (2年12考)】 (2年14考) 作宾语补足语 方式副词 常见的形容词和副词短语(2年1考) 时间副词 频度副词 程度副词 分类 副词 疑问副词 地点副词 词义辨析 重点语法分点过 考点)形容词和副词的用法及辨析(2年12考) 续表 ·形容词 功能 用法 例句 1.形容词的用法 用来说明宾语的性 功能 用法 例句 质状态或特征，常 I found the book The woman who lives next 作宾语 放在被修饰的名词 用于keep,ke, interesting.我发现这 door is a famous singer. 补足语 之前，说明性质或状 leave等动词的宾 本书很有趣。 在隔壁的那位女士是 态[2024.53,2023.3] 语后 位著名的歌手 修饰复合不定代词 There's nothing wrong 注意 作定语 时，要放在复合不 with the data. (I)若tall,long,high等形容词与数词短语连用 定代词的后面 数据没有问题。 时，应置于名词后。如： “基数词-单数可数 My elder brother is a middle school student who is Alex is a nine-year-old 名词形容词”为复 1.7 meters tall.我哥哥是一名身高1.7来的中学生。 boy.亚历克斯是一个 合形容词，放在被 (2)若多个形容词修饰同一个名词，其顺序为： 九岁的男孩。 修饰的名词前面 限定词一荷绘词一形状一年龄/新旧一颜色一国 He was glad to get a letter 家一材料。如： 与系动词构成系表 from his uncle in There is a small old black wooden desk in my 作表语 结构[2024.43.2023. Australia.他很高兴收到 parents'room.在我父母的房间里有一张又小又旧的 47] 他在澳大利亚的叔叔的 黑色木桌。 来信。 84 2.形容词的词义辨析 续表 贵州中考真题中形容词词义辨析均在完形填 分类 举例 位置 空中考查，且均为语境辨析。针对语境辨析类试 题，考生首先应掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境 quite相当，完全： 位于被修饰的 的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。[2024.9,16,2023.10,11] alot许多：very非常； 形容词或副词 ·副词 程度 much非常，很： 之前(enough需 1.副词的用法 副词 a little一点儿，一些； 后置)；情态动 enough足够： 功能 用法 例句 词、助动词之后 almost差不多；even甚至 主要修饰动词、形容词 The film is very 或其他副词，有时也可 作状语 mnoving..这部电 where在哪里；why为什么： 疑问 以修饰整个句子[224 影很感人。 when什么时候；how如何； 通常位于句首 副词 4344.2023.50 how far多远 放在系动词之后，表 He will be back here在这里；hee在那里； 地点 般位于句末， 作表语 示主语的方位、方向 in two weeks.他 downstairs在楼下； 副词 紧跟在动词之后 动作等 两周后会回来。 above在上面 ·般放在所修饰词之 The food here is 注意 作定语 后，多表示时间或 s0hot.这里的 多个副词修饰动词作状语时，其排列颜序一般为 地点 食物很辣 “程度制词一方式副词一地，点副词一时间副词”。 作宾语 说明宾语的位置、状 Let him out! 3.副词的词义辨析 补足语 态、性质、特征等 让他出去！ 贵州中考真题中副词词义辨析均在完形填空 2.副词的分类 中考查，且均为语境辨析。针对语境辨析类试题， 分类 举侧 位置 考生首先应掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的 逻辑关系来确定正确答案。[2023.13] successfully成功地： 位于及物动词 情园应用 方式 politely有礼貌地： 之前或不及物 When we drive or walk on the road,we can see 副词 loud山y大声地： 动词之后 1 A traffic signs.Some of them tell us what to easily简单地 do,and others tell us what not to do.We must obey now现在；later后来； (遵守)them_2C_·There is much traffic on the 时间 般位于句首 immediately立即，立刻； road in 3 B cities.So it's very 4 B to obey 副词 或句末 finally最后：recently最近 the traffic rules.If a driver wants to park his car,he must look for a 5 C place-the parking lot. 般位于实义动 How does a driver find a parking lot?The traffic sign 频度 twice两次；weekly每周； 词之前，助动词、 “p”can help him.“p”is the first letter of the word 副词 never从来不；always总是 情态动词或系动 “Park”.It tells you that you can park your car 词之后 6 A.If you go to school or work by bike every day,you must be 7 C.Or you'll have an 85 accident.You can't ride too 8 A.You must 2.不规则变化 9 B cross the road when the traffic light is red. 原级 比较级 最高级 1.A.many B.much C.little good/well better best 2.A.easily B.gladly C.strictly bad/badly/ill worse worst 3.A.small B.big C.long many/much more most 4.A.strong B.important C.weak little less least 5.A.wrong B.far C.right far farther/further farthest/furthest 6.A.there B.here C.where older/elder oldest/eldest 7.A.happy B.useful C.careful old 8.A.fast B.slow C.far 注意 9.A.usually B.never C.sometimes 有些形容词或副词没有比较等级，如：favorite 考点2形容词和副词的比较等级(2年1孝) right,excellent,possible,perfeet ·形容词和副词的比较等级的构成 ·形容词和副词的比较等级的用法 1.规则变化 1.原级的用法：表示两者在某一方面相同或不同 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 时用原级。原级前可用表示程度的副词vey,so, small smaller: smallest too,enough,quite,rather等词修饰。 直接在词尾 high: higher highest: 加-er,est 结构 例句 quick quicker quickest A+be动词/实义动词+as Amy is as beautiful as 以不发音的字 nice; nicer: nicest: +原级+s+B(肯定)，表 Betty.埃米和贝蒂一 母e结尾的加 单音 large larger largest 示“A和B一样.” 样漂亮。 -r,-st 节词 A+be动词/实义动词+not 以重读闭音节 和少 I'm not as/so serious as 结尾，如果末尾 as/0+原级++B(否定) 数双 Tm.我不如蒂姆严肃。 big: bigger: biggest: 表示“A不如B.” 只有一个辅音 音节 fat fatter: fattest: 字母，则双写这 Our school is three times 词 hot hotter hottest A+be动词+倍数+as+原 个辅音字母，再 as large as theirs..我们 级+as+B,表示“A是B的 加-er,-est 学校是他们学校的三 …倍 倍大 以辅音字母加 happy: happier: happiest; Tom earns as much y结尾，变y为 A+实义动词+as much/ healthy healthier healthiest money as his elder i,再加-er,-est many+名词+as+B,表示 brother.汤姆挣的钱 “A和B的…数量相同” 和他哥哥一样多。 多音节 more most 2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，表示“某一 词和 在词前加nore important:important: important; 部分 个更…”时，用比较级。比较级前常用a little,a 或mst careful more most 双音 bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather careful careful 节词 词修饰，用于加强语气。 86 结构 例句 续表 结构 例句 A+be动词/实义动词+比Tony is cleverer than his A+be动词/become+one became one of the best 较级+han+B,表示“A elder sister.托尼比他的 of the+最高级+可数名词 writers in our school..我 比B更…” 姐姐更聪明。 复数+比较范围，表示“A 成了我们学校最优秀的 A+be动词/实义动词+ There are many people 是…中最…之一” 作者之 一。 less+多音节形容词/副词 who are less lucky than A+be动词+he+序 The Yellow River is the 原级+han+B,表示“A不 us.有很多人不如我们 数词+最高级+可数名词 second longest river in 如B.” 幸运。 单数+比较范围，表示 China..黄河是中国的第 比较级+ad+比较级，表示 English is becoming more “…第几最…” 二长河。 “越来越…”（多音节词和 and more important in our “特殊疑问词+be动词☑ Which season do you like 部分双音节词用“more and Iife.英语在我们的生活中 助动词+he+最高级， best,spring, summer or oe+形容词/副词原级”) 变得越来越重要。 A,BorC?”表示“A,B,C autumn?你最喜欢哪个季 The harder you study,the 三者中，哪个最…？” 节，春天、夏天还是秋天？ the+比较级，he+比较 better your grades will be. 级，表示“越…，（就）越 你学习越努力，你的成绩 注意 。7 就会越好 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所 有格等修饰时，不加定冠词he。如： A+be动词/实义动词+ Tom is the taller of the She is my best friend..地是我最好的朋友。 the+比较级+of the two(+ w4boys.汤姆是两个男 名词)，表示“A是两者中 孩中较高的那个 阴圆应用 较…的一个” 10.-Which sport do you like best well), A+be动词/实义动词+ Wang Wei is thinner than swimming,skiing or skating? 比较级+han+any other+ any other student in his Skiing.I often go skiing with my friends in winter. 可数名词单数，表示“A比 ds,王伟比他班里任何 11.Every year a lot of students go to other countries 同一范围内的任何一个 个学生都瘦 人/物都…” for further (far)study. 12.It's bad for us to stay up late and sleep less The Yangtze River is A+be动词/实义动词+倍 little)than six hours every night. almost twice longer than 数+比较级+than+B,表 the Pearl River,长江几 13. 倦绕支化At the Water Festival in Yunnan,the 示“A比B…几倍” 乎比珠江长两倍。 wetter wet)you get,the luckier you 3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的人或物进行 will be. 比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加 14.A joumey by plane is more relaxing 定冠词he,但副词最高级前通常可以省略。 (relaxing)than by train,but a lot more expensive. 15. 苦老人物Thomas Edison,one of the 结构 例句 A+be动词/实义动词+ greatest great)inventors in the world, He is the youngest and he+最高级+比较范 tallest boy in his class. created more than 10,000 things. 围，表示“A是…中最 是班上年龄最小、个子最 16.Getting angry only makes problems worse (bad), …的"[2024.39 高的男孩。 so we should calm down and try to solve them. 87 考点③常见的形容词和副词短语(2年1考) be proud of为…感到骄傲 ·形容词短语 7.其他类 1.be +adj.+for plenty/1 ots of大量的2023.41] far from远离 be thirsty for渴望；渴求 be late for迟到 ●副词短语 be/get ready for为…做准备 above all最重要的是：尤其 all of a sudden突然 be good/bad for对…有益/害 right now/away立即；马上 all year round全年 be famous/known/well-known for因…而著名 around the world世界各地 once upon a time从前 2.be adj.with so far到目前为止：迄今为止 be busy with忙于 again and again再三地；反复地 be strict with对…严厉/严格 once in a while偶尔：有时：间或 be careful with对…小心 once or twice偶尔；一两次 be angry with对.生气 over and over again多次；反复地 be patient with对…有耐心 闹通应用 be satisfied with对…满意 17.鲁比在许多方面和她姐姐相似。她们都又高 3.be adj.+to 又瘦。 be harmful to对…有害 Ruby is similar to her sister in many be similar to与…相似 ways.They are both tall and thin. be polite to对…有礼貌 18.名人物到目前为止，莫言的许多作品已被翻 be nice/kind/friendly to对…友好 译成其他语言。 be thankful to对…心存感激 Many of Mo Yan's works have been translated into 4.be adj.+at other languages so far. be good at擅长… 19.原画)一些艺术家对人工智能在艺术创作中 be surprised at对…感到惊讶 的使用表示担忧。 be angry/mad at对…生气 Some artists are worried about the use 5.be +adj.about of Al in artistic creation. be worried about对…感到担心 20.从家到黄果树瀑布有很远的距离，所以你最好 be excited about对…感到兴奋 现在就出发。 be certain/sure about对…有把握 There's a long distance from home to be crazy about着迷于…；狂热爱好… Huangguoshu waterfall,so you'd better set off 6.be +adj.+of right now/away be afraid of害怕… be tired of厌烦… be full of充满 语法专题情境练 【,根据语境，用所给词的正确形式填空。 2.If you buy a blind box,you'll get a box with a(n) l.料善知讽Spring rain is as_valuable_(valuable) unknown (known)item inside. as oil because it's especially helpful for farming. 3.Mr.Green is so serious that he always thinks 88 carefully (careful)before making a decision. 6.不要沉迷于短视频，否则你将失去深入思考的 4.I think staying with family is one of the happiest 能力。 happy)things in the world. Don't be crazy about short videos,or 5.This kind of silk feels much softer (soft)than you will lose the ability to think deeply. that one.I want to buy it for my grandmother. 7.雨下得很大，因此我们不得不取消这次野餐 6.Today China has the longest (long)high-speed It is raining heavily/hard,so we have railway network among the countries in the world. to cancel the pienic. 7.When you are in another country,it is important to 8.著名人物沈从文，中国最著名的作家之一，出生 know how to ask for help politely (polite). 于湖南。 8.The number of teenagers who volunteer to help the Shen Congwen,one of the most famous old people on holidays is increasing recently writers in China,was born in Hunan. (recent). 9.在所有颜色中，辛迪认为红色对她来说是最幸 9.When the three-child policy was released 运的颜色 (放开)，the population of China was expected to Among all the colors,Cindy believes red is the become larger (large). luckiest color for her. Ⅲ，语言运用第二节 10.Tom is the second tallest tall)student in 人与社会 文学、艺术与体育 his class.He often takes part in the long jump at 攀岩 the sports meeting. Many people enjoy rock climbing.They can do it Ⅱ.语言运用第一节 outdoors on real mountains.But I prefer to watch 1.[2024贵州，39]长江是亚洲最长的河流。 different videos about rock climbing at home because I The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. think it is much safer and I can have a 1.different 2.[2024贵州，43]贵州村BA精彩纷呈，吸引大量 difference)feeling as well. 国内外游客。 The 2.most (much)important equipment CunBA in Guizhou is so wonderful and (装备)for rock climbers is a pair of good shoes. it attracts many tourists from home and abroad. This pair of shoes needs to be half a size 3.[2023贵州，41]梵净山因其令人叹为观止的风光 3.smaller (small)than your usual size.The 吸引大量的游客。 next thing you need is a harness(保护带).This Mount Fanjing attracts lots/plenty of allows you to move more 4.freely (free),but will tourists for its amazing scenery. hold you up if you fall.If you are a beginner,it's best 4.尽管她没有获胜，但她对马拉松比赛的成绩非 to have rock-climbing lessons.A climber with 常满意。 experience will help you a lot if you 5.really Though she didn't win,she was highly satisfied (real)want to learn in the future. with her results for the marathon. In fact,the sports on the mountains are 5.我们组的每个学生都渴望在演讲比赛中获胜。 6. wonderful wonder),but the rubbish on the Each of the students in our group is thirsty mountains is 7.unpleasant pleasant).So it is for success in the speech competition. time for us to think about this problem. 李请完成《情境作业本》(P51~P52)中的练习题 89