2.专题二 动词和动词短语-【加速度中考】2025年贵州中考英语课堂精讲本

专题二 动词和动词短语 (9~10分) 语法知识理重点 原形 实义动词 第三人称单数 系动词 分类 动词的基本形式 (2年6考) 过去式与过去分词 助动词 动词的分类及 动词和动词短语 现在分词 情态动词（详见专题三） 词义辨析 (2年12考) (2年19考) 词义辨析 动词短语(2年1考) 重点语法分点过 考点刀动词的分类及词义辨析(2年12考) 续表 ●动词的分类 分类 用法 根据意义和在句子中的功能，动词可以分为 以下四类： 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词，表示动作 非延续 1.实义动词 发生，就立即结束，如：begin,close,come, 性动词 实义动词具有实际的意义，表示动作或状态， die等，一般不与表示时间段的状语连用 可在句中单独作谓语 (1)按句法功能分为：及物动词和不及物动 2.系动词 词。其用法如下： 系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构 成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下： 分类 用法 (1)be动词：am,is[2023.53],are; 及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能 (2)感官动i词：sound,look,taste,smel,feel等； 及物 使其意思表达完整，后接名词、代词、动名词 动词 等作宾语，可用于被动语态，如：have,buy, (3)表示状态变化的系动词：get,tum,go, invent等 become,grow等： 不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语，不 (4)表示保特状态的系动词：keep,stay, 不及物 能用于被动语态，可直接构成“主语+谓语 leave,remain等。 动词 的句型，如：listen,arrive,rise等；若后面接 3.助动词 完语时，必须与介词连用 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独 作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时 (2)按动作发生过程的长短可分为：延续性动 态、语态，帮助动词构成各种否定句和疑问句等结 词和非延续性动词，其用法如下： 构，有人称和数的变化。常见的助动词有be动词 分类 用法 (am,is,are);do(does,did);have(has,had); 也称持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作，如： will[2o23.42](would)和shall(should)等。 延续 stud山y,work,stand等，可以与表示时间段的 4.情态动词（详见专题三P82) 性动词 状语(for+时间段，since+时间点等)连用 ◆动词词义辨析 贵州中考真题中动词词义辨析均在完形填空 77 中考查，且均为语境辨析。针对语境辨析类试题， 续表 学生首先应掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的 形式 构成 举例 逻辑关系来确定正确答案。[2024.4、11,12,14,15,2023 want-wanted[2024.52]: 57,8,9,12] 般在动词原 discover-discovered 2023. 情境应用 形后直接 43];start-→started; 加-ed When school finishes,most students like to have work→worked fun.Some prefer going to special camps to 1 B create-created 2023.51 ] 以不发音的字 survival(生存)skills.These camps can be2Aal change→changed; 母e结尾的动 over the world. encourage-encouraged: 词后只加-d At one such camp,teenagers 3 C their save-saved:realizerealized days taking part in extreme(极限)sports and 以重读闭音节 过去 stop-stopped; developing skills that will 4 A them alive if they 结尾且末尾只 are in danger.The campers are 5 B groups and 式与 prefer-一→preferred; 有一个辅音字 过去 dnp→dropped: each group chooses a leader and makes their group 母的动词，双 分词 beg-begged; plan.Towards the end of the camping period,the 写这个辅音字 hug-→hugged groups will compete on what they 6 B learnt. 母再加-ed 1.A.think B.learn C.guess 以辅音字母加 2.A.found B.decided C.chosen try→lied: y结尾的动词 3.A.cost B.take C.spend copy→copied; 应将y变为i, 4.A.keep B.stay C.remain tidy→tidied 再加-ed 5.A.separated from B.divided into C.connected with take-+taken[2024.51]; 6.A.be B.have C.do 不规则变化 makemade;catch-caught; 考点2动词的基本形式(2年6考) teach-→taught;sel→sold 般在动词原 understand-understanding; 形式 构成 举例 形后直接加-ing go一→going;study-一→studying 没有经过任何forget[2024.40]；develop: 以不发音的字use-→using[2024.41]: 原形 变形 fill;sense;avoid 母心结尾的动 share-→sharing; 词，去e再 take→taking;give→giving; 一般在动词原 help-helps;eat-eats; 加-ing make→naking 形后直接加-s givegives;build-builds 以5,0，x,sh, 现在 以重读闭音节 do-does;catch-catches; ch结尾的动 分词 结尾且末尾只un→unning: 第三人 miss→nisses 词，后加-es 有一个辅音字 sit→sitting; 称单数 母的动词，双 swim-swimming: 以辅音字母加y 写这个辅音字drop-dropping 结尾的动词，应 study→studies:fly→flies: 母再加-ing 将y变为i,再 carry→carries 少数以ie结尾die→dying: 加-es 的动词，变ie tie-tying; 为y,再加-ing lie→ying 78 情境应用 take off(飞机等)起飞：脱下（衣服） 7.传辣文化 Weigi,a Chinese board game,was take in吸入；吞入：接受：理解 invented (invent)more than 2,500 years ago. 4.do/make短语 8.We are improving (improve)our skills and do sports做运动 make sure确保 knowledge while having fun. make progress取得进步do some reading读书：阅读 9.In the late 1800s,the price of tea dropped do(one's)homework做（某人的）作业 drop)fast as more tea began to arrive on ships make a difference产生影响；起作用 from India and China. 5.look短语 10.原Ankit Agarwal did_(do）some look after照顾 look down upor/on看不起 research and succeeded in making leatherette( look up to尊敬：崇拜 look in看望：顺便访问 造革)out of flowers. look like看起来像 look forward to盼望；期待 look out留神：小心 look through浏览 11.The ancient emperors built (build)the Great Wall to protect their part of the country. 6.give短语 12.The natural beauty of Mountain Huaguo give away赠送；捐赠 give in投降 give off发出（光、气昧等） catches catch)so many visitors'attention. give birth to生（孩子）：生产 考点③动词短语(2年1考) 7.put短语 同一动词型 put off推迟；拖延 put out扑灭；熄灭 1.come短语 put down写下：放下 put on穿上：增加（体重） come over顺便来访 come back回来 put away把…收好：储存…备用 come in进来 come down下来；落下 8.talk短语 come on快点儿；加油：开始 talk about谈论 talk back回嘴：顶嘴 come out出版；发表；开花：发芽 talk to oneself自言自语talk with与…谈话 come across(偶然)遇见，发现 9.keep短语 come true(希望，梦想等)实现 keep out(使)留在外面keep away from远离 come through经历：安然度过 keep off使.…不接近 keep in touch保持联系 2.g0短语 P同一介词/副词型 go away走开；离开 go back回去 1,up短语 goon继续 go down下降 pick up捡起 give up放弃 即y(时间)逝去，过去 0over仔细检查；复习 look up查阅；抬头看 cut up切碎 go through通过：经受 putp张贴；搭建 eat up吃光 goof熄灭；离开；（闹钟）发出响声 take up开始从事；占据 3.take短语 tump出现；调高（音量、暖气等） take exercise锻炼 take part in参加 make up编造（故事、谎言等） take care of照顾 take away带走 2.down短语 take pride in感到自豪 take out取出 cut down砍倒：削减 take down记下：取下 take photos照相 take turns轮流 write down写下；记录 lie down躺下 take notes记笔记 sit down坐下 slow down减速 79 3.at短语 come up with赶上；提出 look at看 laugh at嘲笑 communicate with与…交流 shout at对…大喊 smile at对…微笑 get on/along well with与…和睦相处 4.for短语 11.off短语 look for寻找 pay for付款 turn off关掉 cut off切除 ask for要求 call for要求：需要 pay off付清：取得成功 show off炫耀 leave for前往 wait for等待 set off出发；动身前往 fall off跌落；下降 stand for代表；支持 12.to短语 5.back短语 belong to属于 stick to坚持 turn back返回 get back回来：恢复 refer to指的是：涉及 lead to导致 look back向后看 give back返还；归还 add to增加 get used to习惯于 6.away短语 pay attention to注意 pass away逝世 walk away走开：离去 13.of短语 throw away扔掉 un away逃跑：跑掉 hear of听说 think of想起；想到 7.0n短语 14.from短语 carry on继续；参与 get on上车；进展；相处 1 earn fr0m向…学习[2023.40] hold on等一等（别挂电话）keep on继续（进行） come from来自 hear from收到…的来信 live on以…为生 pass on传递 )应用 depend on依靠，依赖：取决于 13.如果你想知道生词的意思，你可以查字典。 8.out短语 If you want to know the meanings of the new words, work out算出：想出 carry out实施；执行 you can look them up in the dictionary. find out查明：弄清 give out分发；散发 14.当你在学习中遇到问题时，你一定要先认真思考。 hand out分发 hang out闲逛；挂出 When you meet problems in learning,you must break out(战争、火灾等)爆发：突然发生 think about them carefully first. bring out使显现，使表现出：出版 15.家长不应该总是把自已的孩子与别人的孩子 clean out清除，把…打扫干净 作比较 9.about短语 Parents shouldn't always compare their own care about在乎，关心 worry about担心 children with others'. hear about据说：听说 think about考虑 16.这位父亲收藏了很多他女儿的照片，以便他能 know/learn about了解 记住她是如何长大的。 10.with短语 The father collected many photos of his daughter so agree with赞同 deal with处理 that he could remember how she grew up. compare with与…相比 语法专题情境练 【.根据语境，用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.Lynn usually rides (ride)a bike to work.She 80 thinks it can help protect the environment. Ⅲ.李原创完形第二节 2.科普知识The first cartoon film with sound and 人与自我—生活与学习 music was (be)made in New York in 1928. The boat came past Sam.Then it 1 B and a 3.Imagine that you are lying (lie)on the beach boy got out.He 2 A the same size as Sam,with in bright sunshine,with the sea wind blowing. a brown face and brown hair. 4.The young man jumped into the river to save the “Hello！”he said.“My name is Philip..What's girl without thinking (think)twice. your name?” 5.Lu You continued making his way in the “Sam!”said Sam. forest and finally arrived arrive)at a “3C_in my boat and we will sail(航行） beautiful village. some more,"said Philip. 6.Professor Li is planning plan)to make a They sailed all afternoon.Up and down the river speech at tomorrow's meeting. they went,4 A the fish in the clear green water. 7.Jerry tried (try)to keep warm by covering his body with searves in the wind.It seemed like a They saw wild ducks swimming and cows 5 B to good idea. drink.All the time they talked and 6 A stories. 8.Time flies (fly)quickly when we are busy It was the best day of all. with our schoolwork. When it was sunset,Philip said,"We 7 A 9.If you keep on working hard,you will succeed go home now or our mothers will be calling us.May I success)sooner or later. come and play with you tomorrow,Sam?You are a Ⅱ.语言运用第一节 good sort of friend to 8 C my boat with me. 1.[2023贵州，40]向他人学习并自我提升对我们极 “Of course,”Sam said,very pleased. 其重要。 Sam went home and said to his mother,"I've got Learning from others and improving a friend and I 9 B have to ask him to come and ourselves is essential for us. play with me tomorrow.He asked me. 2.只要我们坚信自己并付诸行动，就能实现梦想 “HeI0C the best sort of friend,"said As long as we believe in ourselves and Sam's mother. take action,we can achieve our dreams 3.现在我们可以用智能手机上网搜索信息。 素材选自Reading Comprehension Now we can use smartphones to search 1.A.saved for B.stopped C.practiced information on the Internet. 2.A.was B.became C.kept 4.电影结束的时候，人们都站起来并开始鼓掌。 3.A.Find B.Go C.Get When the film was over,people all stood 4.A.watching B.playing C.hiding up and began clapping. 5.A.coming back B.coming down C.coming from 5.父母和老师的言行将对孩子产生很大的影响。 6.A.made up B.searched for C.pointed out What parents and teachers say and do will make 7.A.must B.can C.might a big difference to their children. 8.A.protect B.agree C.share 6.防典故匡衡太穷了买不起书，所以他求助于富人。 9.A.wasn't B.didn't C.haven't Kuang Heng was so poor that he couldn't 10.A.feels B.looks C.sounds afford any books,so he turned to the rich man. 请完成《情境作业本》(P49~P50)中的练习题 2>> 81