1.专题一 名词-【加速度中考】2025年贵州中考英语课堂精讲本

第二部分 中考语法知识精讲练 编者语:此部分根据《义务教育英语课程标准》(2022年版)附录4语法项目表设置内容,且在分析贵州近2年中考真题的基础上对语法点 进行整合。利用完成句子、微语段等题型进行巩固练习,力求帮助学生熟练掌握语法点。 专题一名词 (5分) 语法知识理重点 普通名词 名词的分类 --'s所有格 专有名词 名词所有格 of所有格 名词词义辨析(2年8考) 名词 (2年10考) 双重所有格 规则变化 可数名词 名词短语 不规则变化 名词的数 分类 (2年2考) -不可数名词 量化 重虑语法分点过 考点7名词的分类 character hanging upside down on 3 C and 类 举例 walls. It is believed that placing“Fu" upside down Iplan. achievement. brings good luck because the words"upside down" 指一类人、事物或一个抽象的 普通 and "arival"sound similar in 4 A, It 概念,包括个体名词,集体名 dogpeople: 名词 frit等 词、抽象名词和物质名词四类 symbolizes(象征) the arrival of good luck. My family also follows this tradition. We decorate (装 表示姓名,国家,地名,书名。 Mike.China, the 专有 饰)our home with"Fu"and share our 5 B for 机构或组织等名称的词(此 Great Wall.Smday 名词 happiness and wealth. 类词的首字母必须大写) Beijing等 1.A. meeting B.meaning C. building 2.A. happiness B. friendship C. knowledge 考点2名词词义辨析(2年8考) 3.A.floors B. books C.doors 贵州中考真题中名词词义辨析均在完形填空 B. Japanese 4.A.Chinese C.French 中考查,且均为语境辨析。针对语境辨析类试题 5.A.photos B.wishes C. families 学生首先应掌握各个选项的意思,再根据语境的 逻辑关系来确定正确答案。[2024.7.8、10、13.2023.6。 考3名词的数(2年2考) 14.15.16] 可数名词 -应用 可数名词有单数和复数之分:当表示单一的 In Chinese culture, the character(文字)“Fu' 既念时,前面通常用不定冠词a/an修饰;当表示两 holds a special 1 B . It means 2 A and good 个或两个以上的概念时,前面通常用表示复数概 luck. DuringChinese NewYear,we often seethis 念的限定词修饰,如数词(除one之外的基数词) 代词(our,their,these,those)、不定代词(many. 续表 all, some,a few,few)等。 变化情况 举例 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 词尾加-en或-ren ox-→oxen: child→childrer 莉成方法 变化情况 举例 单复数同形 sheep→sheep: deer→deer visitor→visitors[ 2024. 47]; 单复数 Chinese→Chinese: bottle→bottles[ 2023.44]; 同形 Japanese→Japanese 一般情况下 词尾加-s place-→places: car-cars: 某国人 Frenchman→Frenchmen: rule→rules: hand→hands: 变a为e 变复数 Englishman→Englishmen time一→times class一→classes: box→hoxes: 词尾加-s Australian→Australians: 以s,x,ch, sh watch-watches: German→Germans 等结尾的 1 词尾加-es wish-wishes 拓展 名词 特殊:stomach→stomachs 名词作定语时数的变化 (1)当man或woman作定语变复数时,其本身 city→cities; 以“辅音字 先变y为 和被修炜的名词都要变复数。如:amandoctor→ story→stories: 母+y”结尾 family→families; many men doctors i.再加-es 的名词 (2)当不是man或woman作定语变复数时,只 activity一→activities 将被修饰的名词变复数。如:aboystudent→six 以“元音字 boy→boys; key→keys; boy students 词尾加-s 母+y”结尾 holidav→holidays; 的名词 guy→guys 不可数名词 1.不可数名词的分类 先将f或 类别 wolf--wolves: wife--wives: 以f或fe结尾 举例 fe变为v. 的名词 thief-→thieves: life-lives 再加-es safety安全;advice劝告,建议; 概念 knowledge知识,学问 一般有生 tomato→tomatoes: 以“辅音字 抽象 学科 命 的加 hero→heroes; chemistry 化学:geography地理 母+0”结尾 -es:无生 piano→pianos: 名词 情感 的名词 happiness幸福;friendship友谊 命的加-s photo→photos 其他 以“元音字 z00-→z00s: development 发展 母+o”结尾 词尾加-s radio→radios: 材料 的名词 cotton棉花;gold金子;plastic塑料 video→videos 物质 饮食 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 rice米;water水;soup汤;tea茶 名词 变化情况 举例 自然 sand沙子:rain雨:snow雪:oil石油 变a为e型 man→men: woman→women 物质 内部元 变oo为 goose→geese: tooth→teeth: 2.不可数名词的量化 音字母 ee型 foot→feet 变化 不可数名词没有复数形式,一般可以通过量 其他 mouse→mice 词短语来量化。 73 情况 方法 举例 9. When we are making fruit salad, we usually cut the red apples into pieces with 1 knives 数词/不定冠词+计 a piece of advice (knife). 具体的量 量词(有单复数之分) 一条建议 10. We had beef soup, some potatoes ( potato) +of+不可数名词 and gongbao chicken for dinner. some water-此水. 表示数量的限定词 11. This article offers much useful information 大概的量 a lot of money +不可数名词 (information) on how to lose weight and keep 很多钱 healthy. 注意 考点4名词所有格 (1)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修 用法 类别 举例 饰词有: some, a lot of/lots of, plenty of, enough, most. half, any, all. the rest of 等 ①有生命的单数名 the baby's life (2)只修饰可数名词的修饰词有:few,several 词或集体名词,直 孩子的生命; many,quite a few等。 接加-s; her parents'help (3)只修饰不可数名词的修饰词有:little,much,a ②有生命的复数名 bit of等。 她父母的帮助; 词,当以s结尾时, women's work 加-;不以s结尾 3.常见的既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词的词 女性的工作 时,加s 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 ①表示几个人共同 橙汗 chicken Jim and Tom's room 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 0效) 拥有时,在最后一 报纸; 吉姆和汤姆(共有)的 纸 经历 经验 个人名后加-s: experience paper 文件 房间; 所有格 ②表示每个人各自 radio 收音机无线电 exercise 练习 锻炼 Jim's and Tom's room 拥有时,在每个人名 房间 吉姆和汤姆(各自)的 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 空间 room 后加-s,其后名词需 房间 次数; 使用复数形式 iron 熨斗 time 时间 倍数 ①表示时间、距离。 a day's work 鱼的 木头: 国家等的名词单数 鱼肉 一天的工作; fish wood 树林 种类 木材 加-s; two weeks' leave 光;光线 light 电灯 work 作品 工作 ②表示时间、距离 两星期的假: 国家等的名词复数 -应用 20 minutes' walk 直接加-' 步行20分钟(的路程) 6. Yesterday two women ( woman) tourists asked of所 of+名词(通常为无 me to show them the way to Guizhou Provincial a map of China 有格 生命的) Museum. 一张中国地图 7. Parents should help their children develop good a friend of her mother's teeth (tooth) twice habits like brushing their of+-s所有格 双重 她妈妈的一位朋友 a day and keeping their rooms clean and tidy. 所有格 of+名词性物主 8. The old things he keeps have brought back many a new friend of hers 代词 她的一位新朋友 sweet memories (memory). “形容词+名词”短语 national flag 国旗 ancient times古时候 (1)表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”“办公室”等的 black tea红茶 名词所有格后,一般省略表示地点的名词。如:althe our lives我们的生命 doctor's在诊所;go to my friend's 去我朋友家 colorfulworld 多彩的世界 (2)节日的表达:Father's Day父亲节;Mother's different activities 不同的活动 Day 母亲节; NewYear's Day 新年; Children's Day 儿童 enoughsleep充足的睡眠 节;Women's Day妇女节;National Day国庆节 environmental problem环境问题 free/spare time空闲时间 -精应用 personal information/safety个人信息/安全 12. Her uncle's office is about fifteen minutes' Chinese culture/food 中国文化/食物 (minute) drive away from his home. It's not far. long history 悠久的历史 13. Taikonauts(中国宇航员)are role models for -前鹏应用 young people and many are big fans of theirs 16.我认为在业余时间参加一些志愿活动很重要。 (they). I think it is important to take part in some 14. My grandparents' (grandparent) garden is volunteer __ activities in our spare time. very nice. They often sit-in it and enjoy the 17.我们可以使用不同的颜色表达我们的情感。 sunlight. We can use different colors to show our 15.原即 Teachers' ( teacher) Day is a feelings holiday in honor of teachers that is celebrated in 18.我们都为小玛丽感到骄傲,因为她在钢琴比赛 countries throughout the world. 中获得了第一名。 考点5名词短语 We are all proud of little Mary because she won first “名词+名词”短语 place in the piano competition. table manners餐桌礼仪 team leader队长 19.张拓小时候就对太空旅行很感兴趣 Zhang Tuo showed a great interest in air pollution空气污染 eatinghabit饮价习惯 space country music 乡村音乐 history museum历史博物馆 travel since he was a child. food safety食品安全 body language肢体语言 morning exercises 早操 actionmovie动作电影 一语法专题情境练 I. 根据语境,用所给词的正确形式填空。 help, I found my lost car in the end. 1. [2024 扬 州改编]New technologies 5. 时事热点 Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or (technology) have greatly changed our lives. finished dishes (dish) that are already cooked 2. The doctors saved lots of people's lives during the or prepared. fight against the disease. They are our true musicians 6. Compared with other (music),his heroes (hero). works seem to be touching as well as inspiring 3. She wants to be a pianist (piano),so she 7. The inventors ( inventor) from the university practices it every day. spent much of their time developing a new type of 4. Thanks to these policemen's ( policeman) energy system. 75 原e There are a few 8. differences 3.我把所有亲戚的地址都写下来,每年都会把礼 (difference) between the traditions of the Lantern 物寄给他们。 relatives' Festival in northern and southern China. I write down all my addresses 9. The_ Germans (German) were surprised at and send presents to them every year. the amazing sunrise views of the Mount Fanjing. 4.简期待今年暑假和家人进行一场放松的旅行。 10. Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep Jane is looking forward to having a relaxing (sheep) walking past her into a village in Oinghai trip with her family this summer holiday. II. 从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确的形式填空 5.到达火车站前,请你务必携带身份证 time doctor leaf classmate photo confident Please make sure to take vour ID card before arriving at the train/railway station. jacket guest mistake child 1. [2024 兰州改编]These nice photos 6.水污染会给人类和海洋动物带来严重的问题。 were Water taken by my teachers last week pollution will cause serious 2. [2024 苏州改编] It's important to learn problems for humans and sea animals. from mistakes and become stronger. IV. 原语言运用第二节 3. [2024 广安改编]Boys and girls,you'd better take 人与自然-自然生态 off your jackets . It's hot on the train. 美洲鹤 4. Fallen leaves are all over the ground in the There are not many whooping park at this time of the year. cranes(美 洲 鹤) in the world. People have to protect these 5. 时事热点 It's believed that the speed of 5. 5G will 1. beautiful (beauty) cranes be 10 times faster than that of 5G. 6. Ms. Xie is my classmates' favorite teacher. and help them to live safely: There are some special 2. zoos ( zoo) in North They love her very much America. People there protect the 3. birds' 7. When the guests entered the hall, Mr. White Cbird) eggs. They then take care of the baby cranes. stood up and greeted them politely. These cranes do not have 4. mothers 8. Some good experiences in class may encourage children to perform well next time. mother) to follow, so they follow a scientist who 9. I met John at the wears a crane suit and thev walk with a small plane. doctor's last time. The They listen to the plane, too. Soon they are happy to doctor said he was already much better. 10. They cheered us on loudly and we had more fly with the plane - they think it is their mother! Before the weather gets cold, cranes have to fly confidence to win the game. to warm 5. places ( place). They do not have a III. 语言运用第一节 mother to teach them where to go, so they follow a 1. 地域特贵州举力的足球比赛赢得了许多人的关注。 plane. Some journeys last more than 70 6. days The football _match held in Guizhou has (day)! won the attention of many people. And in the spring,when the weather is warm 2.我们都知道现在演危的野生动物需要我们的 again, they fly back on their own. These birds can 保护。 then teach a new generation of young cranes where to wild animals We all know that which go next year. are now in danger need our protection. --素材选自National Geographic 5请完成《情境作业本》(P47~P48)中的练习题 ) 76