专题09 阅读理解之说明文15篇（名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高二上·湖北·期中）In 2005, IT technician Sujay Nazareth suddenly felt thirsty all the time. The 25 year old began losing weight without trying, and he was tired no matter how much sleep he got. Nazareth described his issues to his GP, who ordered a blood test. The test revealed he had type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). But it wasn’t a diagnosis he wanted to deal with, so he didn’t. It wasn’t until his daughter was born in 2016 that he decided it was finally time to tackle his disease. “It just struck me that I need to start taking care of myself.” he says. He would rather he’d started sooner. A type 2 diabetes diagnosis means your body isn’t producing enough insulin (the hormone that controls the amount of sugar in your blood) or isn’t able to use the insulin that it produces. Too much sugar in your bloodstream puts your organs, nerves and blood vessels at risk. Diabetes can reduce your lifespan by anywhere from 5 to 15 years. According to diabetes authorities, the disease is a global problem. Southeast Asians now make up 20 percent of the 450 million diabetes sufferers globally; many live in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Nearly one in two adults (46.5 percent) with diabetes is yet to be diagnosed. These numbers are due to the fact that we’re sitting and living longer. Some studies showed that obesity and family history are the main reasons of type 2 diabetes. “In my opinion, the primary cause of type 2 diabetes is the natural aging process,” says Dr. Tom Elliott, an endocrinologist and medical director in Vancouver. “As you get older, your hair goes grey, your skin wrinkles and your cells don’t reproduce as quickly.” Still, a diabetes diagnosis isn’t as serious as it was even five years ago. Thanks to new treatments and technology, not to mention the prospect of additional breakthroughs, many specialists believe we may soon have the science to beat diabetes. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Nazareth didn’t have enough water and sleep. B．Nazareth wished he had taken care of himself. C．Nazareth was trying to lose weight. D．Nazareth knew his disease until 2016. 2．Which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is TRUE? A．It can reduce the amount of sugar in the blood. B．It can help produce enough insulin. C．It can damage people’s organs and nerves. D．It can quicken the natural aging process. 3．Why do people get diabetes according to Dr. Tom Elliott? A．Because someone in their family has ever had this illness. B．Because their physical functions are gradually declining. C．Because they tend to put on weight more rapidly. D．Because they experience more pressure in their lives. 4．What’s the attitude of the specialists towards beating diabetes? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. （23-24高二上·湖北·期中）The Wuyishan National Park, known for its amazing landscapes and respected tea industry, has taken significant steps to safeguard its traditional tea heritage and industry, while using technological advances to raise the incomes of local people. Home to one of China’s largest and most diverse subtropical forests, Wuyi Mountain is the only place in the country where Wuyi rock tea is grown. In the 18th century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction of plant resources damaged the environment in the area around Wuyi Mountain. Then the Wuyishan National Park was established in 2021, as one of the first bat ch of China’s national parks. The park authorities have cooperated with tea experts to make up a strategy for the improvement of the Wuyi Mountain tea industry and biodiversity. “In order to better protect the forest, we must respect and preserve the existing areas for the locals to plant and live on, but further expansion has been restricted.” said Huang Zhimin, a researcher with the park’s management bureau. Eco-friendly plantations that use the “tea forest” and “tea grass” models have been introduced to the park. Moreover, the authorities provide farmers with free seedlings (幼苗) of precious broad-leaved trees like nanmu. This practice not only protects local biodiversity, but also improves the quality of the tea. The Wuyishan National Park’s authorities have been working with tea experts to improve production and quality through the use of innovative technological methods. A local farmer said: “In the past, we lacked knowledge of scientific tea field management, which resulted in teas of average quality that were only suitable for basic daily consumption. Now, with the help of scientific approaches, the quality of our teas has risen significantly.” 1．What was the Wuyishan National Park intended for? A．To attract more tourists to come here. B．To examine innovative technological methods. C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the biodiversity. D．To promote the eco - environment and tea quality. 2．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 mean? A．Asking the authorities for help. B．Decreasing land reclamation of tea mountains. C．Using eco-friendly plantations. D．Growing all the broad-leaved trees. 3．What can be inferred according to the local farmer? A．They benefit a lot from the tourism of the national park. B．The quality of their teas are much better than before. C．The scientific approaches make no difference to them. D．Their knowledge of tea field management is the best. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A medical book. C．A tourist brochure. D．A magazine. （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期中）Solar panels — also known as “photovoltaic” panels — are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The idea isn’t as unusual as it might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. On land, so panels are held up by special frames (框架). On the water, floatovoltaics are placed on a floating platform attached to the bottom of a lake or reservoir (水库). Floating solar panels cost about 25% more than those placed on land. The researchers behind the new study looked at 145,555 reservoirs worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large — more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year. There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea. Photovoltaic panels work better when they’re not extremely hot. The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water. The scientists say it will be important to study how floating panels will affect water in each reservoir. Focusing first on man-made reservoirs will avoid some of those problems. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To list solar panels’ unusual functions. B．To introduce the workability of floating solar panels. C．To show disadvantages of solar panels on land. D．To make a comparison between different solar panels. 2．How did researchers carry out the new study? A．By looking at reservoirs worldwide. B．By building floatovoltaic farms in the US. C．By making computer-aided estimates. D．By processing data given by specialists. 3．What do we know about floating solar panels? A．They may cause potential harm to water ecosystem. B．They will eventually replace photovoltaic panels. C．They function well in extreme hot weather. D．They are perfect except for the high cost. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Floating Solar Panels — Our Final Choice B．Floating Solar Panels — Taking Us Back to Water C．Floating Solar Panels — A New Way to Cool the Planet D．Floating Solar Panels — Making Energy, Saving Water （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）The African elephant holds the record for sleeping the least among mammals — about two hours a day — but now, the elephant seal is giving its namespace a run for its money. Recent experiments on elephant seals showed the animals averaged only two hours of sleep per day during the seven months out of the year they spent at sea. Jessie Kendall-Bar, a Ph. D．at the University of California, discovered elephant seals’ special ability. She found in the open ocean, elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day. While on land, they sleep more than 10 hours a day. “That’s really special,” she says. Previous observations had shown that elephant seals in the open ocean surface for a couple of minutes at a time. So scientists knew that they must be sleeping underwater. But they knew very little about it. To find out more, Kendall-Bar developed a headcap to gather data about the animals’ brain waves, heart rates, dive (潜水) depths, and movements to determine when they were sleeping. She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts. Instead, they take some “catnaps (小睡)” lasting less than 20 minutes each. Starting at the surface, adult seals take 10-minute dives at great depths, usually from 300 to 1,000 feet. At this point, the animals enter the first stage of sleep, or slow-wave sleep. Then, they fall into REM sleep, when their bodies turn upside down. It seems REM sleep at great depths is risky because of the inability to escape at that moment. “It is just scary to imagine an animal doing this underwater in that state,” says study co-author Terrie Williams. But what’s likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters — sharks and killer whales — hardly appear. “The elephant seal is basically using its ability to div e really deep as a protective mechanism (机制),” says Kendall-Bar. “It doesn’t have to keep one eye open or stay awake. It’s sleeping with its entire brain.” 1．Why does the author start the text with the African elephant? A．To point out the sleep problems of animals. B．To introduce elephant seals’ sleeping patterns. C．To praise elephant seals’ great ability to survive. D．To stress the importance of getting enough sleep. 2．What has Kendall-Bar found about elephant seals? A．Their sleep habits vary by location. B．They spend a long time playing in the sea. C．They can enter a stage of deep sleep quickly. D．Their brain waves are slower than other large animals’. 3．What is mentioned about elephant seals’ sleep in the sea? A．It’s a common group activity. B．It can increase their heart rates. C．It’s made up of a series of short sleep. D．It helps them develop their swimming ability. 4．Why do elephant seals choose REM sleep deep into the sea? A．To get sufficient food easily. B．To escape from loud noises. C．To maintain their body temperature. D．To avoid attack from natural enemies. （23-24高二上·甘肃白银·期中）Failure is an unavoidable part of life. Though science has named some life skills that promise success, we’re told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure—or many failed attempts. One of life’s most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best. But what is the message? For starters, ignore advice from anyone that tells you, “Don’t beat yourself up about it, ” no matter how well-meaning they are. According to the new research from the University of Kansas, we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail. Marketing professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a person’s response is to failure, the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task. The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks. In one experiment, they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize. However, the task was controlled, and all participants were told (by a computer) that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price. Consequently, no participant won the cash prize. When the results were announced,  some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response,  and others on their cognitive (认知的) response. During the next similar task, participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response. Everybody has their own unique challenges, responsibilities, duties, and projects, but these findings are related to all of us. Your personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise, a presentation that goes wrong, or a deadline that gets missed—it doesn’t matter. What matters is how you react to it. Instead of thinking about the failure, let yourself feel bad about it. Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your failure. 1．What’s the relationship between failure and success? A．Failure promises success. B．Failure is the key to success. C．Failure does damage to success. D．Well-handled failure is good for success. 2．Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing? A．It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure. B．It’s been proved by the study of a university. C．Being emotional is good for one’s future success. D．It can make people less emotional about failure. 3．What is the purpose of the two experiments? A．To test the participants’ abilities to search online. B．To improve the participants’ cognitive response. C．To teach the participants to avoid failures. D．To test the benefit of emotional response to failure. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear B．The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure C．Different Methods to Change Failure into Success D．The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success （23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the time just enjoying the atmosphere. No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment. But because these live performances aren’t bolted (固定) to the ground and are easily influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of people walking quickly from one ride to the next. We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks are having their characters and performances visible from a distance. One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return. 1．What does the author like best in a theme park? A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors. C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention. 3．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3? A．It will bring theme parks more business. B．It will make theme parks easily influenced C．It will make theme park rides more popular. D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks. 4．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh? A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors. C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors. D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park. （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions. One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD). Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for instance, lost an shocking ¥8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits. The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to ¥350,000 ($2,343 USD). Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police. 1．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan? A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry. 2．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable? A．They have unique flavors. B．They are always given as gifts. C．They are less expensive than other luxury items. D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards. 3．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry? A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits. B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit. C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits. D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan. 4．What is the primary purpose of the article? A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan. B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan. C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan. D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan. （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in 2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen the speed of growth increase five times over the same period. A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy, measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer. According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant species. Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community may expand.” The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth, such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems. “If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.” 1．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants? A．The climate getting warmer. B．The fur seal population rising. C．The non-native plants occupying the land. D．The quality of the soil of the land improving. 2．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one? A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow. 3．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica? A．The decrease of fur seal population. B．The occupation of non-native species. C．The impact of human-caused climate change. D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity. 4．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text? A．Scientists Working in Antarctica. B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica. C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica. D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica. （23-24高二上·福建漳州·期中）Earthquakes cannot be forecast, but engineers can prepare for them. Seismic-isolation systems use concrete (水泥), rubber and metal to reduce quake damage. But such adaptations are expensive. Engineer Jian Zhang of the University of California, Los Angeles, says the system can increase building costs by 20 percent. Although these systems might save more than they cost over time, builders in some areas may not have the money for them. A new seismic-isolation method uses the physics of rolling to create a simpler, lower-cost choice with easily found things: used tennis balls. The team of Michalis Vassiliou, an engineer, based its method on an early form of seismic isolation that rolls a shaking building to a stop the way a skater comes to rest. By separating a building from the ground with a layer of balls, rolling isolation changes horizontal shaking into a soft rocking movement and uses friction to reduce the shaking. The researchers built a cheap model consisting of four filled tennis balls between two concrete boards, and they found that it withstood simulated (仿造的) earthquake shaking while supporting eight kilonewtons (千牛顿) of force per ball — about twice what isolation systems might experience under one-story houses. The balls had to contain exactly — the right amount of the concrete mixture to reduce the shaking without cracking during tests. Zhang, who didn’t take part in the study, says that the work is valuable. But she notes that the results are basic. Vassiliou agrees that next steps will mean creating and testing a larger model with hundreds of tennis balls. Vassiliou says that he has received money to test the system on the ground to improve the invention. “For this to actually be applied,” he adds, “you need to develop it with engineers from developing countries so that it actually deals with their needs.” 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Earthquakes can’t be forecast. B．Seismic-isolation systems can reduce building costs by 20 percent. C．Engineers can prepare for earthquakes. D．Present seismic-isolation systems are expensive. 2．Which is not the advantage of the new seismic-isolation system? A．It is simple. B．It is cheap. C．It only needs used tennis. D．It is better to reduce damage. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The new system model. B．The simulated earthquake. C．A filled tennis ball. D．A one-story house. 4．What does Jian Zhang think of the new system? A．It is little valuable. B．It is too simple to use. C．It needs to be improved. D．It only be needed in developing country. （23-24高二上·甘肃天水·期中）The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean. The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic. Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail. The gliders equipped with sensors to help indicate the presence of oil. Though scientists must still confirm oil presence through water sampling, gliders narrowed the search zone for subsurface oil. It will also help people better explore the ocean in the future. “The glider shines light on the mysteries of the oceans. It can sample the ocean in places that are not realistic, and for a small amount of the price,” said Zdenka Willis, director of the research team. “Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.” 1．What is the purpose of RU27? A．To travel from New Jersey to Spain. B．To collect information on the ocean. C．To transport scientists to the ocean. D．To analyze the data from the ocean. 2．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the glider? A．Its main elements. B．Its moving areas. C．Its operating principle. D．Its data processing . 3．What does Zdenka Willis say about the application of the glider to the oceans? A．It’s not realistic. B．It will be costly. C．It’s demanding. D．It will be a future trend. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Underwater Robots Explore the Ocean B．The Glider Becomes the Focus C．Underwater Expedition Helps Scientists D．A New Robot Comes into View （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world. Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies. Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits. There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them. 1．What is sign language according to the author? A．It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B．It is a complete complex language system. C．It is a primary language of disabled people. D．It is a system of gestures representing words. 2．What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Attempt. B．Experiment. C．Incident. D．Feedback. 3．What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire? A．Being competitive. B．Being courageous. C．Being responsible. D．Being positive. 4．What conclusion can we draw from the text? A．Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job. B．The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously. C．Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people . D．It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language. （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds. Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast. Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 percent — climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 percent population loss between 2001 and 2010. Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms. While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return. 1．What is an ice sheet according to the passage? A．It is an ice world for animals to live on. B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. C．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. D．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. 2．The melting of ice sheets brings about the following effects EXCEPT . A．a longer distance to search for food B．a decrease in animal population C．a larger amount of snowfall D．the release of more diseases 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. B．The ice cap will first disappear in Greenland. C．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. D．The Greenland Ice sheet will be the first to disappear. 4．What could be the best title for this passage? A．Changes of Sea Levels B．Ice, Sea and Animals C．Greenland and Antarctica D．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets （23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）With governments across the world supporting native languages, it may seem like people in power are finally beginning to accept linguistic diversity (语言多样性). But there’s still a long way to go. In Mexico, for example, speakers of native languages still face challenges that Spanish speakers may not. According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. Although Mexico is home to many native languages, like Nahuatl and Mixtec, most of these languages have become endangered because of Spanish’s predominance (主导地位). A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. 87% of respondents (调查对象) to the survey said they agreed with the statement that “the presence of native people is important to Mexican culture.” The researchers also asked respondents about their thoughts on teaching native languages and English in school. Most of the respondents agreed that it was important to teach these as subjects in school, though native languages received a bit less support than English (88.4% of respondents supported teaching English in school compared to 70.8% for native languages). The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. 1．What do we know about speakers of native languages in Chiapas? A．They are encouraged to speak Spanish. B．They are treated the same as Spanish speakers. C．They have made a challenge to Spanish’s predominance. D．They have had great success in protecting their language. 2．What does the recent survey find about the Mexican public? A．They care little about native languages. B．They want to keep native languages alive. C．They think native languages are more important than English. D．They support schools specializing in teaching native languages. 3．Why did the researchers mention the National Institute of Native Languages? A．To recognize the Mexican government’s efforts. B．To share its creative way of protecting Nahuatl. C．To introduce it as a language training center. D．To stress its importance to Mexican culture. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Mixtec, one of the most spoken native languages in Mexico B．Nahuatl, an endangered native language in Mexico C．Mexicans support native language education D．Mexicans are losing their native languages （23-24高二上·广东茂名·期中）A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body. Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape. To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃. In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body. Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding. According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. 1．What can we know about the small robot from the text? A．It was born out of inspiration from the natural world. B．It can be applied to targeting cancer cells and goods delivery. C．It can be used to deliver substances to inaccessible rural areas. D．It can generate heat constructed with specially-selected materials. 2．How do the researchers make the robot deliver goods? A．By using magnets. B．By using heat. C．By using radiation. D．By using chemicals. 3．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Control. B．Detect. C．Stop. D．Monitor. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Tiny Robots Will Be Used In Medicine. B．Tiny Robots Will Be Made to Give Out Heat. C．Small Robots Will Be Made To Deliver Goods. D．Small Robots Have Been Used To Cure Tumors. （23-24高二上·云南文山·期中）“Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects. Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat less throughout the day. Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need. In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in the morning. Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes! 1．The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________. A．breakfast must be delicious B．breakfast is eaten by the king C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man 2．Why do we need to have breakfast in the morning? A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies. B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food. D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited. 3．Which of the following doesn’t belong to healthy breakfast? A．Cola and butter. B．A little meat. C．Rice and bread. D．Eggs and milk. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast B．Breakfast and Health C．Breakfast and Weight Loss D．Western Breakfast 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高二上·湖北·期中）In 2005, IT technician Sujay Nazareth suddenly felt thirsty all the time. The 25 year old began losing weight without trying, and he was tired no matter how much sleep he got. Nazareth described his issues to his GP, who ordered a blood test. The test revealed he had type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). But it wasn’t a diagnosis he wanted to deal with, so he didn’t. It wasn’t until his daughter was born in 2016 that he decided it was finally time to tackle his disease. “It just struck me that I need to start taking care of myself.” he says. He would rather he’d started sooner. A type 2 diabetes diagnosis means your body isn’t producing enough insulin (the hormone that controls the amount of sugar in your blood) or isn’t able to use the insulin that it produces. Too much sugar in your bloodstream puts your organs, nerves and blood vessels at risk. Diabetes can reduce your lifespan by anywhere from 5 to 15 years. According to diabetes authorities, the disease is a global problem. Southeast Asians now make up 20 percent of the 450 million diabetes sufferers globally; many live in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Nearly one in two adults (46.5 percent) with diabetes is yet to be diagnosed. These numbers are due to the fact that we’re sitting and living longer. Some studies showed that obesity and family history are the main reasons of type 2 diabetes. “In my opinion, the primary cause of type 2 diabetes is the natural aging process,” says Dr. Tom Elliott, an endocrinologist and medical director in Vancouver. “As you get older, your hair goes grey, your skin wrinkles and your cells don’t reproduce as quickly.” Still, a diabetes diagnosis isn’t as serious as it was even five years ago. Thanks to new treatments and technology, not to mention the prospect of additional breakthroughs, many specialists believe we may soon have the science to beat diabetes. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Nazareth didn’t have enough water and sleep. B．Nazareth wished he had taken care of himself. C．Nazareth was trying to lose weight. D．Nazareth knew his disease until 2016. 2．Which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is TRUE? A．It can reduce the amount of sugar in the blood. B．It can help produce enough insulin. C．It can damage people’s organs and nerves. D．It can quicken the natural aging process. 3．Why do people get diabetes according to Dr. Tom Elliott? A．Because someone in their family has ever had this illness. B．Because their physical functions are gradually declining. C．Because they tend to put on weight more rapidly. D．Because they experience more pressure in their lives. 4．What’s the attitude of the specialists towards beating diabetes? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是关于二型糖尿病的现状，产生原因和治疗前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子““It just struck me that I need to start taking care of myself,” he says. He would rather he’d started sooner.(“我突然意识到，我需要开始照顾好自己，”他说。他宁愿早点开始)”可知，Nazareth希望他能照顾好自己。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Too much sugar in your bloodstream puts your organs, nerves and blood vessels at risk.(血液中过多的糖会对你的器官、神经和血管造成危害。)”可知，2型糖尿病会损害人的器官和神经。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子““In my opinion, the primary cause of type 2 diabetes is the natural aging process,” says Dr. Tom Elliott, an endocrinologist and medical director in Vancouver. “As you get older, your hair goes grey, your skin wrinkles and your cells don’t reproduce as quickly.”(“在我看来，2型糖尿病的主要原因是自然衰老过程，”温哥华内分泌学家和医学主任汤姆·埃利奥特博士说。“随着年龄的增长，你的头发会变白，皮肤会出现皱纹，细胞的繁殖速度也会减慢。”)”可知，人们得糖尿病是因为他们的身体机能在逐渐衰退。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段的句子“Thanks to new treatments and technology, not to mention the prospect of additional breakthroughs, many specialists believe we may soon have the science to beat diabetes.(多亏了新的治疗方法和技术，更不用说未来可能会有更多的突破，许多专家相信，我们可能很快就能找到战胜糖尿病的科学方法。)”可知，专家们对战胜糖尿病的态度是乐观的。故选A项。 （23-24高二上·湖北·期中）The Wuyishan National Park, known for its amazing landscapes and respected tea industry, has taken significant steps to safeguard its traditional tea heritage and industry, while using technological advances to raise the incomes of local people. Home to one of China’s largest and most diverse subtropical forests, Wuyi Mountain is the only place in the country where Wuyi rock tea is grown. In the 18th century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction of plant resources damaged the environment in the area around Wuyi Mountain. Then the Wuyishan National Park was established in 2021, as one of the first bat ch of China’s national parks. The park authorities have cooperated with tea experts to make up a strategy for the improvement of the Wuyi Mountain tea industry and biodiversity. “In order to better protect the forest, we must respect and preserve the existing areas for the locals to plant and live on, but further expansion has been restricted.” said Huang Zhimin, a researcher with the park’s management bureau. Eco-friendly plantations that use the “tea forest” and “tea grass” models have been introduced to the park. Moreover, the authorities provide farmers with free seedlings (幼苗) of precious broad-leaved trees like nanmu. This practice not only protects local biodiversity, but also improves the quality of the tea. The Wuyishan National Park’s authorities have been working with tea experts to improve production and quality through the use of innovative technological methods. A local farmer said: “In the past, we lacked knowledge of scientific tea field management, which resulted in teas of average quality that were only suitable for basic daily consumption. Now, with the help of scientific approaches, the quality of our teas has risen significantly.” 1．What was the Wuyishan National Park intended for? A．To attract more tourists to come here. B．To examine innovative technological methods. C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the biodiversity. D．To promote the eco - environment and tea quality. 2．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 mean? A．Asking the authorities for help. B．Decreasing land reclamation of tea mountains. C．Using eco-friendly plantations. D．Growing all the broad-leaved trees. 3．What can be inferred according to the local farmer? A．They benefit a lot from the tourism of the national park. B．The quality of their teas are much better than before. C．The scientific approaches make no difference to them. D．Their knowledge of tea field management is the best. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A medical book. C．A tourist brochure. D．A magazine. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了武夷山国家公园的建立，在园区内采取生态友好型的种植方式，既保护了当地环境，又提高了茶农收入。 1．细节理解题。由第二段中“However, illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction of plant resources damaged the environment in the area around Wuyi Mountain. (然而，非法开垦茶山和破坏植物资源破坏了武夷山周边地区的环境)”和第三段中“The park authorities have cooperated with tea experts to make up a strategy for the improvement of the Wuyi Mountain tea industry and biodiversity. (公园管理部门与茶叶专家合作，制定了改善武夷山茶业和生物多样性的战略)”可知，武夷山国家公园的设计初衷是改善生态环境和茶叶质量。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。由第五段中“Eco-friendly plantations that use the “tea forest” and “tea grass” models have been introduced to the park. Moreover, the authorities provide farmers with free seedlings (幼苗) of precious broad-leaved trees like nanmu. This practice not only protects local biodiversity, but also improves the quality of the tea. (公园引进了“茶林”和“茶草”模式的生态友好型种植园。此外，当局还为农民免费提供楠木等珍贵阔叶树的幼苗。这种做法不仅保护了当地的生物多样性，还提高了茶叶的质量)”可知，“This practice”指的是前文提及的使用生态友好型种植园。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由最后一段中“A local farmer said: “In the past, we lacked knowledge of scientific tea field management, which resulted in teas of average quality that were only suitable for basic daily consumption. Now, with the help of scientific approaches, the quality of our teas has risen significantly.”(一位当地农民说：“过去，我们缺乏科学的茶园管理知识，导致茶叶质量一般，只适合基本的日常消费。现在，在科学方法的帮助下，我们的茶叶质量有了显著提高。”)”可知，他们的茶质量比以前好多了。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是武夷山国家公园的相关内容，可能出自农业和环境保护方面的杂志。故选D项。 （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期中）Solar panels — also known as “photovoltaic” panels — are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The idea isn’t as unusual as it might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. On land, so panels are held up by special frames (框架). On the water, floatovoltaics are placed on a floating platform attached to the bottom of a lake or reservoir (水库). Floating solar panels cost about 25% more than those placed on land. The researchers behind the new study looked at 145,555 reservoirs worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large — more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year. There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea. Photovoltaic panels work better when they’re not extremely hot. The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water. The scientists say it will be important to study how floating panels will affect water in each reservoir. Focusing first on man-made reservoirs will avoid some of those problems. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To list solar panels’ unusual functions. B．To introduce the workability of floating solar panels. C．To show disadvantages of solar panels on land. D．To make a comparison between different solar panels. 2．How did researchers carry out the new study? A．By looking at reservoirs worldwide. B．By building floatovoltaic farms in the US. C．By making computer-aided estimates. D．By processing data given by specialists. 3．What do we know about floating solar panels? A．They may cause potential harm to water ecosystem. B．They will eventually replace photovoltaic panels. C．They function well in extreme hot weather. D．They are perfect except for the high cost. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Floating Solar Panels — Our Final Choice B．Floating Solar Panels — Taking Us Back to Water C．Floating Solar Panels — A New Way to Cool the Planet D．Floating Solar Panels — Making Energy, Saving Water 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浮动太阳能电池板的优势——既能发电又能节约水。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The idea isn’t as unusual as it might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. On land, so panels are held up by special frames (框架). On the water, floatovoltaics are placed on a floating platform attached to the bottom of a lake or reservoir(水库). Floating solar panels cost about 25% more than those placed on land.(这个想法并不像看起来那么不寻常。毕竟，任何太阳能电池板都必须是防水的，因为它会在雨中使用。亚洲已经有几个大型的浮动光伏电站。在陆地上，太阳能板由特殊框架支撑。在水面上，浮动光伏被放置在附着在湖底或水库底部的浮动平台上。浮动太阳能电池板的成本比放置在陆地上的太阳能电池板高出25%左右。)”可知，第2段的目的是介绍浮动太阳能电池板的可操作性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels.(他们使用计算机程序计算出，如果在30%的水库上安装浮动太阳能电池板，每年可以产生多少电力。)”可知，研究人员是通过计算机辅助估算来进行这项新研究的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water.(用面板覆盖太多的水库可能会影响水中的植物和动物。)”可知，浮动太阳能电池板可能对水生态系统造成潜在危害。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第三段“The answer was surprisingly large—more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world.(答案惊人地大——是美国一年发电量的两倍多，是目前世界上所有太阳能发电量的10倍。)”和倒数第二段“Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs.(浮动光伏还可以通过限制水库的蒸发来帮助节约用水。)”可知，本文主要介绍了浮动太阳能电池板的优势——既能发电又能节约水，因此最好的题目是D选项“浮动太阳能电池板——发电，节水”。故选D。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）The African elephant holds the record for sleeping the least among mammals — about two hours a day — but now, the elephant seal is giving its namespace a run for its money. Recent experiments on elephant seals showed the animals averaged only two hours of sleep per day during the seven months out of the year they spent at sea. Jessie Kendall-Bar, a Ph. D．at the University of California, discovered elephant seals’ special ability. She found in the open ocean, elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day. While on land, they sleep more than 10 hours a day. “That’s really special,” she says. Previous observations had shown that elephant seals in the open ocean surface for a couple of minutes at a time. So scientists knew that they must be sleeping underwater. But they knew very little about it. To find out more, Kendall-Bar developed a headcap to gather data about the animals’ brain waves, heart rates, dive (潜水) depths, and movements to determine when they were sleeping. She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts. Instead, they take some “catnaps (小睡)” lasting less than 20 minutes each. Starting at the surface, adult seals take 10-minute dives at great depths, usually from 300 to 1,000 feet. At this point, the animals enter the first stage of sleep, or slow-wave sleep. Then, they fall into REM sleep, when their bodies turn upside down. It seems REM sleep at great depths is risky because of the inability to escape at that moment. “It is just scary to imagine an animal doing this underwater in that state,” says study co-author Terrie Williams. But what’s likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters — sharks and killer whales — hardly appear. “The elephant seal is basically using its ability to div e really deep as a protective mechanism (机制),” says Kendall-Bar. “It doesn’t have to keep one eye open or stay awake. It’s sleeping with its entire brain.” 1．Why does the author start the text with the African elephant? A．To point out the sleep problems of animals. B．To introduce elephant seals’ sleeping patterns. C．To praise elephant seals’ great ability to survive. D．To stress the importance of getting enough sleep. 2．What has Kendall-Bar found about elephant seals? A．Their sleep habits vary by location. B．They spend a long time playing in the sea. C．They can enter a stage of deep sleep quickly. D．Their brain waves are slower than other large animals’. 3．What is mentioned about elephant seals’ sleep in the sea? A．It’s a common group activity. B．It can increase their heart rates. C．It’s made up of a series of short sleep. D．It helps them develop their swimming ability. 4．Why do elephant seals choose REM sleep deep into the sea? A．To get sufficient food easily. B．To escape from loud noises. C．To maintain their body temperature. D．To avoid attack from natural enemies. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对非洲象海豹睡眠习惯的研究结果，特别是它们在海上的睡眠模式。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The African elephant holds the record for sleeping the least among mammals — about two hours a day — but now, the elephant seal is giving its namespace a run for its money. Recent experiments on elephant seals showed the animals averaged only two hours of sleep per day during the seven months out of the year they spent at sea.(非洲象保持着哺乳动物中睡眠最少的记录——每天大约两小时——但如今，象海豹却打破了它的这项纪录。最近对象海豹进行的实验表明，它们一年中有七个月在海上度过，这段时期象海豹平均每天只睡两个小时。)”可知，文章以非洲象开头是为了引出象海豹的睡眠模式，形成对比，从而突出象海豹的睡眠模式独特。因此，作者提到非洲象是为了介绍象海豹的睡眠模式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She found in the open ocean, elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day. While on land, they sleep more than 10 hours a day.(她发现在开阔的海洋中，象海豹每天睡眠不到两个小时。而在陆地上，它们每天睡眠超过10个小时。)”可知，Kendall-Bar发现象海豹的睡眠习惯因地点而异，即在海上和陆地上的睡眠时间有很大差异。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts. Instead, they take some “catnaps (小睡)” lasting less than 20 minutes each.(她发现海豹不会连续睡两个小时。相反，它们会进行一些“小睡”，每次不到20分钟。)”可知，象海豹在海上的睡眠是由一系列短暂的睡眠组成的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But what’s likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters — sharks and killer whales — hardly appear. “The elephant seal is basically using its ability to div e really deep as a protective mechanism (机制),” says Kendall-Bar.  “It doesn’t have to keep one eye open or stay awake. It’s sleeping with its entire brain.”(但很可能发生的情况是，象海豹睡在它们的主要捕食者——鲨鱼和虎鲸——几乎不会出现的深处。Kendall-Bar说：“象海豹基本上是利用它深潜的能力作为一种保护机制。它不需要睁着一只眼睛或保持清醒。它的整个大脑都在睡觉。”)”可知，象海豹选择在深海处进行REM睡眠是为了躲避来自自然敌人的攻击。故选D。 （23-24高二上·甘肃白银·期中）Failure is an unavoidable part of life. Though science has named some life skills that promise success, we’re told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure—or many failed attempts. One of life’s most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best. But what is the message? For starters, ignore advice from anyone that tells you, “Don’t beat yourself up about it, ” no matter how well-meaning they are. According to the new research from the University of Kansas, we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail. Marketing professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a person’s response is to failure, the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task. The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks. In one experiment, they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize. However, the task was controlled, and all participants were told (by a computer) that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price. Consequently, no participant won the cash prize. When the results were announced,  some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response,  and others on their cognitive (认知的) response. During the next similar task, participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response. Everybody has their own unique challenges, responsibilities, duties, and projects, but these findings are related to all of us. Your personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise, a presentation that goes wrong, or a deadline that gets missed—it doesn’t matter. What matters is how you react to it. Instead of thinking about the failure, let yourself feel bad about it. Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your failure. 1．What’s the relationship between failure and success? A．Failure promises success. B．Failure is the key to success. C．Failure does damage to success. D．Well-handled failure is good for success. 2．Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing? A．It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure. B．It’s been proved by the study of a university. C．Being emotional is good for one’s future success. D．It can make people less emotional about failure. 3．What is the purpose of the two experiments? A．To test the participants’ abilities to search online. B．To improve the participants’ cognitive response. C．To teach the participants to avoid failures. D．To test the benefit of emotional response to failure. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear B．The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure C．Different Methods to Change Failure into Success D．The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者传达了失败乃是人生不可避免的一部分，但是如何处理失败是很重要的。每次失败后，我们应该自责，自责能让我们下次做得更好。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“One of life’s most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best. (人生中很重要的一课是学会如何最好地处理失败。)”可知，好好处理的失败对成功是好的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由第二段中的“we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail. (当我们失败的时候我们应该自责)”与“the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task. (一个人对失败的情绪越大，下次他遇到相关的任务取得更好的结果的可能越大)”可知，对失败有情绪对将来的成功是很重要的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks. In one experiment, they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize. However, the task was controlled, and all participants were told (by a computer) that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price. Consequently, no participant won the cash prize. When the results were announced,   some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response,   and others on their cognitive (认知的) response. During the next similar task, participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response. (研究人员进行了两个实验，要求本科生完成特定的任务。在一项实验中，他们被要求在网上搜索挤压机，并报告他们能找到的最低价格，有可能赢得50美元的现金奖励。然而，这项任务是受控制的，所有参与者都被告知(通过电脑)最低价格比他们报告的价格低3.27美元。因此，没有参与者赢得现金奖励。当结果公布时，一些参与者被要求专注于他们的情绪反应，另一些则专注于他们的认知反应。在接下来的类似任务中，专注于情绪反应的参与者比专注于认知反应的参与者付出了更多的努力。)”可知，这两个实验的目的是为了测试失败后情绪反应的好处。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Failure is an unavoidable part of life. Though science has named some life skills that promise success, we’re told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure—or many failed attempts. One of life’s most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best. But what is the message? (失败是生活中不可避免的一部分。尽管科学已经列出了一些能保证成功的生活技能，但我们一遍又一遍地被告知，没有失败或多次失败的尝试，就不会取得巨大的成功。因此，人生最重要的一课就是如何最好地处理失败。但这传达了什么信息呢?)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败乃是人生不可避免的一部分，但是如何处理失败是很重要的。每次失败后，我们应该自责，自责能让我们下次做得更好，所以B项“The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure (处理任何失败的最有成效的方法)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 （23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the time just enjoying the atmosphere. No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment. But because these live performances aren’t bolted (固定) to the ground and are easily influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of people walking quickly from one ride to the next. We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks are having their characters and performances visible from a distance. One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return. 1．What does the author like best in a theme park? A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors. C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention. 3．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3? A．It will bring theme parks more business. B．It will make theme parks easily influenced C．It will make theme park rides more popular. D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks. 4．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh? A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors. C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors. D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了作者认为主题公园里的现场娱乐表演让公园更有活力，体验更好。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. ( 虽然我很喜欢主题公园里的游乐设施，但我最喜欢的部分是现场娱乐。无论是游行、舞台表演、“街头氛围”，甚至是令人印象深刻的夜间表演，我喜欢现场表演给空间带来的活力。)”可知，作者在主题公园里，最喜欢做的事情是欣赏现场表演。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线句和下文“Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment.( 即使在现场情形中出了问题，我也很高兴看到人们是如何掩盖它的。修正错误是一门令人印象深刻的艺术，有时甚至会使它成为一个喜剧时刻。)”可知，it指代前文提到的“things go wrong”，即下文的“error”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. (尽管我了解这一商业决策，单数感觉它是目光短浅的。当现场表演不见的时候，公园就会没有活力。)”可知，对于这个商业决定，作者认为它会带走主题公园的活力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return.( 我最喜欢的一个例子是推特上的@Attractions分享的，小熊维尼在未来世界里嬉戏，试图抓一只蝴蝶。这是一个很好的例子，说明在一个“规范”不可能实现的时代，角色和现场艺人可以做些什么，我真诚地希望一旦见面和近距离互动安全了这些特殊的时刻能够保留下来。)”可知，作者希望在近距离互动安全的时候，可以把像小熊维尼这样的特殊时刻保留下来，因此推断提到小熊维尼是为了解释主题公园里角色可以做些什么接近观众。故选C。 （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions. One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD). Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for instance, lost an shocking ¥8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits. The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to ¥350,000 ($2,343 USD). Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police. 1．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan? A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry. 2．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable? A．They have unique flavors. B．They are always given as gifts. C．They are less expensive than other luxury items. D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards. 3．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry? A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits. B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit. C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits. D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan. 4．What is the primary purpose of the article? A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan. B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan. C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan. D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在日本奢侈水果价格昂贵，经常被偷的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. ( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日本小偷的目标不是通常的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。)”可知，现在在日本经常被偷的东西是优质水果。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水果都是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”可知，优质水果之所以珍贵，是因为它们是手工种植的，外观和味道上达到了很高的标准。故选D。 3．推理判断题。第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水果都是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”讲述了在日本的优质水果非常珍贵，接下来第二段举例“One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY($3,346 USD).(例如，一个垒球大小的草莓售价高达50万日元(3346美元)。)”是为了强调这种奢侈水果的高价。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日本小偷的目标不是通常的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”以及下文关于水果的昂贵和不断的失窃的讲述可知，文章的主要目的是强调日本的奢侈水果的昂贵。故选A。 （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in 2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen the speed of growth increase five times over the same period. A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy, measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer. According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant species. Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community may expand.” The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth, such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems. “If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.” 1．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants? A．The climate getting warmer. B．The fur seal population rising. C．The non-native plants occupying the land. D．The quality of the soil of the land improving. 2．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one? A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow. 3．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica? A．The decrease of fur seal population. B．The occupation of non-native species. C．The impact of human-caused climate change. D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity. 4．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text? A．Scientists Working in Antarctica. B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica. C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica. D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明全球变暖给南极洲带来了影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”可知，气温变暖使得这两种原生植物生长得如此之快。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句“Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants(同时，随着土地变得更适合居住，非本地物种也可能占据土地，比本地植物生长得更多)”，因此推断，非本土植物生长过快会改变本地长期建立的生态系统。故划线词与B项意思一致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.”(“如果我们把我们在西格尼岛观察到的情况估计到南极洲的其他地方，类似的过程也会发生，”坎农说，“这意味着南极的景观和生物多样性可能会迅速改变。”这确实关系到所有人。”)”可知，研究人员对南极洲开花植物生长的主要担心是南极景观和生物多样性的快速变化。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，有两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”，第二段的“The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer.( 结果令人震惊：这些地点不仅生长速度更快，而且每年植物的密度也越来越大，这表明气候正在变暖。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了全球变暖给南极带来的影响。因此C项“全球变暖对南极洲的影响。”适合用作本文的标题。故选C。 （23-24高二上·福建漳州·期中）Earthquakes cannot be forecast, but engineers can prepare for them. Seismic-isolation systems use concrete (水泥), rubber and metal to reduce quake damage. But such adaptations are expensive. Engineer Jian Zhang of the University of California, Los Angeles, says the system can increase building costs by 20 percent. Although these systems might save more than they cost over time, builders in some areas may not have the money for them. A new seismic-isolation method uses the physics of rolling to create a simpler, lower-cost choice with easily found things: used tennis balls. The team of Michalis Vassiliou, an engineer, based its method on an early form of seismic isolation that rolls a shaking building to a stop the way a skater comes to rest. By separating a building from the ground with a layer of balls, rolling isolation changes horizontal shaking into a soft rocking movement and uses friction to reduce the shaking. The researchers built a cheap model consisting of four filled tennis balls between two concrete boards, and they found that it withstood simulated (仿造的) earthquake shaking while supporting eight kilonewtons (千牛顿) of force per ball — about twice what isolation systems might experience under one-story houses. The balls had to contain exactly — the right amount of the concrete mixture to reduce the shaking without cracking during tests. Zhang, who didn’t take part in the study, says that the work is valuable. But she notes that the results are basic. Vassiliou agrees that next steps will mean creating and testing a larger model with hundreds of tennis balls. Vassiliou says that he has received money to test the system on the ground to improve the invention. “For this to actually be applied,” he adds, “you need to develop it with engineers from developing countries so that it actually deals with their needs.” 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Earthquakes can’t be forecast. B．Seismic-isolation systems can reduce building costs by 20 percent. C．Engineers can prepare for earthquakes. D．Present seismic-isolation systems are expensive. 2．Which is not the advantage of the new seismic-isolation system? A．It is simple. B．It is cheap. C．It only needs used tennis. D．It is better to reduce damage. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The new system model. B．The simulated earthquake. C．A filled tennis ball. D．A one-story house. 4．What does Jian Zhang think of the new system? A．It is little valuable. B．It is too simple to use. C．It needs to be improved. D．It only be needed in developing country. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的隔震方法，利用滚动的物理特性，用现成的材料（回收的网球）创造一种成本较低的替代方案。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Earthquakes cannot be forecast, but engineers can prepare for them. Seismic-isolation systems use concrete (水泥), rubber and metal to reduce quake damage. But such adaptations are expensive. Engineer Jian Zhang of the University of California, Los Angeles, says the system can increase building costs by 20 percent. Although these systems might save more than they cost over time, builders in some areas may not have the money for them.(地震无法预测，但工程师可以提前做好准备。隔震系统使用混凝土、橡胶和金属来减少地震破坏。但这样的适应是昂贵的。加州大学洛杉矶分校的工程师张健说，这个系统可以使建筑成本增加20%。尽管随着时间的推移，这些系统节省的钱可能会超过它们的成本，但某些地区的建筑商可能没有钱购买它们)”可知，第一段的主要内容是目前的隔震系统非常昂贵。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“A new seismic-isolation method uses the physics of rolling to create a simpler, lower-cost choice with easily found things: used tennis balls.(一种新的隔震方法利用滚动的物理原理，用容易找到的东西（二手网球）创造了一种更简单、成本更低的选择)”可知，新的隔震系统的优点是简单，成本低，只需要用二手网球，题干问的是选项中哪一项不是新的隔震系统的优点，文中未提及D选项“新的隔震系统能更好的减少伤害”。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The researchers built a cheap model consisting of four filled tennis balls between two concrete boards(研究人员在两块混凝土板之间建立了一个廉价的模型，由四个填充的网球组成)”以及后文“withstood simulated (仿造的) earthquake shaking(经受模拟地震震动)”可知，研究人员建立了一个便宜的模型，由两个混凝土板之间的四个填充网球组成，他们发现新的系统模式可以承受模拟的地震震动，故it指的是“新的系统模式”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zhang, who didn’t take part in the study, says that the work is valuable. But she notes that the results are basic. Vassiliou agrees that next steps will mean creating and testing a larger model with hundreds of tennis balls. (张没有参加这项研究，她说这项工作很有价值。但她指出，结果是基本的。Vassiliou同意，下一步将意味着创建和测试一个有数百个网球的更大模型)”可知，Zhang认为研究结果很基本，再结合Vassiliou的观点可推知，Zhang认为这个新系统需要改进。故选C项。 （23-24高二上·甘肃天水·期中）The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean. The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic. Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail. The gliders equipped with sensors to help indicate the presence of oil. Though scientists must still confirm oil presence through water sampling, gliders narrowed the search zone for subsurface oil. It will also help people better explore the ocean in the future. “The glider shines light on the mysteries of the oceans. It can sample the ocean in places that are not realistic, and for a small amount of the price,” said Zdenka Willis, director of the research team. “Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.” 1．What is the purpose of RU27? A．To travel from New Jersey to Spain. B．To collect information on the ocean. C．To transport scientists to the ocean. D．To analyze the data from the ocean. 2．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the glider? A．Its main elements. B．Its moving areas. C．Its operating principle. D．Its data processing . 3．What does Zdenka Willis say about the application of the glider to the oceans? A．It’s not realistic. B．It will be costly. C．It’s demanding. D．It will be a future trend. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Underwater Robots Explore the Ocean B．The Glider Becomes the Focus C．Underwater Expedition Helps Scientists D．A New Robot Comes into View 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一架探索海洋的自动水下滑翔机，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的。研究者认为：使用机器人收集科学数据是未来海洋观测的潮流。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic.(没有发动机推动的滑翔机，顺着洋流，进行了1万次的下潜和上升，为的是收集海洋环流的数据，海洋上层的热量含量，以及这些热量在海洋循环中穿越大西洋时的传输情况)”可知， RU27的目的是收集海洋信息。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail.(水滴是将少量的水泵入它的机首，使它下沉，沿着它的主体的不均匀浮力将使滑翔机下沉150到180米。上升过程与此相反：向机尾泵入一杯水，使其向上滑翔。这种升降循环的模式持续了4600海里；每次大约持续40分钟。这架滑翔机几乎一直呆在水下，每天只浮出水面三次，以检查自己的位置，传输数据，并通过其尾部的铱星电话从家里下载新的驾驶指令)”可知，本段主要描述水下滑翔机是如何工作的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.(就海洋观测而言，使用机器人收集科学数据是未来的趋势)”可知，滑翔机在海洋中的应用将是未来的趋势。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean.(猩红骑士（也被称为RU27）是一个8英尺高的自主水下滑翔机，从新泽西飞到西班牙。其水下探险队提供了数据，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的)”结合文章介绍了一架探索海洋的自动水下滑翔机，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的。研究者认为：使用机器人收集科学数据是未来海洋观测的潮流。故选项A“水下机器人探索海洋”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world. Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies. Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits. There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them. 1．What is sign language according to the author? A．It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B．It is a complete complex language system. C．It is a primary language of disabled people. D．It is a system of gestures representing words. 2．What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Attempt. B．Experiment. C．Incident. D．Feedback. 3．What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire? A．Being competitive. B．Being courageous. C．Being responsible. D．Being positive. 4．What conclusion can we draw from the text? A．Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job. B．The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously. C．Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people . D．It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手语的优势众多且丰富。学习手语可以为人们带来学术优势，无论他们是否可以听到或耳聋，这种优势还会蔓延到社会和文化领域。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system.(然而，这也是因为手语并不像许多人错误地认为的那样，是一个代表文字的手势系统，而是一个完整而复杂的语言系统)”可知，作者认为手语是一个完整的复杂的语言系统。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly.(无论他们自己是聋哑人，与其他聋哑人住在一起，还是他们不是聋哑人，但不认识聋哑人。学习这门复杂的语言在社会、文化和学术方面的优势是多样的，不应该被轻视)”可知，学习手语对任何人来说都是有好处的，因此是一项有益的努力。由此可知，划线词endeavour与attempt“努力”意思一致。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.(这意味着非聋哑儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感，并被教导去拥抱所有的人——不是无视他们的不同，而是因为他们的不同)”可推知，学习手语使得非聋儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.(大量的科学研究证明，学习手语的儿童，甚至成年人，不仅在与其他手语使用者交流的能力上受益，而且在更广泛的学术领域也受益)”以及下文内容可知，文章论述了学习手语的优势，从学术优势蔓延到社会和文化领域，对聋哑人和非聋哑人，孩子及成年人来说，学习手语都是有益的。由此推知，学习手语的许多好处应该被认真对待。故选B。 （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds. Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast. Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 percent — climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 percent population loss between 2001 and 2010. Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms. While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return. 1．What is an ice sheet according to the passage? A．It is an ice world for animals to live on. B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. C．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. D．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. 2．The melting of ice sheets brings about the following effects EXCEPT . A．a longer distance to search for food B．a decrease in animal population C．a larger amount of snowfall D．the release of more diseases 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. B．The ice cap will first disappear in Greenland. C．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. D．The Greenland Ice sheet will be the first to disappear. 4．What could be the best title for this passage? A．Changes of Sea Levels B．Ice, Sea and Animals C．Greenland and Antarctica D．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰盖融化及其影响，呼吁人们要认真对待气候变化问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age.(覆盖了南极洲54万平方英里以及格林兰岛六十五万六千平方英里，冰盖实际上就是从冰川时代开始的一块巨大的冰地)”可知，冰盖就是一大片存在了几个世纪的冰地。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection(很多这种生物依靠冰盖来休息、猎捕食物和提供庇护)”和第三段中的“climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals.(气候变化导致冬季气温升高，导致降雨而非降雪，雪在脚下结冰更快，使行走和寻找食物更加困难。夏天，冰冻的土地层融化并且释放出深埋的导致动物死亡的疾病)”可知，冰盖的融化会导致动物去更远的距离去寻找食物、动物数量的减少和释放更多的疾病，并没有提到更大数量的降雪。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years.(事实上，自从1880年以来海平面已经上升了约8英寸，是过去25年以来的三倍)”可推知，近年来，海平面上升得更快了。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is.(为了理解全球冰川融化的影响，我们不得不首先理解冰盖事实上是什么)”以及下文对冰盖融化产生的影响的具体描述可知，文章主要介绍了冰盖融化的影响。由此可知，Effect of Melting Ice Sheets(冰盖融化的影响)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 （23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）With governments across the world supporting native languages, it may seem like people in power are finally beginning to accept linguistic diversity (语言多样性). But there’s still a long way to go. In Mexico, for example, speakers of native languages still face challenges that Spanish speakers may not. According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. Although Mexico is home to many native languages, like Nahuatl and Mixtec, most of these languages have become endangered because of Spanish’s predominance (主导地位). A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. 87% of respondents (调查对象) to the survey said they agreed with the statement that “the presence of native people is important to Mexican culture.” The researchers also asked respondents about their thoughts on teaching native languages and English in school. Most of the respondents agreed that it was important to teach these as subjects in school, though native languages received a bit less support than English (88.4% of respondents supported teaching English in school compared to 70.8% for native languages). The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. 1．What do we know about speakers of native languages in Chiapas? A．They are encouraged to speak Spanish. B．They are treated the same as Spanish speakers. C．They have made a challenge to Spanish’s predominance. D．They have had great success in protecting their language. 2．What does the recent survey find about the Mexican public? A．They care little about native languages. B．They want to keep native languages alive. C．They think native languages are more important than English. D．They support schools specializing in teaching native languages. 3．Why did the researchers mention the National Institute of Native Languages? A．To recognize the Mexican government’s efforts. B．To share its creative way of protecting Nahuatl. C．To introduce it as a language training center. D．To stress its importance to Mexican culture. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Mixtec, one of the most spoken native languages in Mexico B．Nahuatl, an endangered native language in Mexico C．Mexicans support native language education D．Mexicans are losing their native languages 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各国政府支持本土语言，似乎表明权力人士终于开始接受语言多样性,但还有很长的路要走。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. (据《墨西哥新闻日报》报道，恰帕斯州讲本族语言的人仍然受到卡斯蒂利亚化习俗的影响，这种习俗将这些社区变为主要讲西班牙语的社区。)”可知，恰帕斯的母语使用者被鼓励说西班牙语。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. (西肯塔基大学的研究人员最近做了一项调查，试图探究该国公众对母语教育的态度。尽管墨西哥政府保护土著语言的努力远不能令人满意，但看来墨西哥公众普遍相当支持振兴土著语言的努力。)”可知，墨西哥公众希望保留本土语言。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. (研究人员指出，墨西哥政府近年来已经做出了一些努力来支持土著语言，例如国家土著语言研究所，该研究所提供各种在线课程来帮助人们学习土著语言。)”可知，研究人员提到了国家土著语言研究所，以认可墨西哥政府的努力。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. (研究人员指出，墨西哥政府近年来已经做出了一些努力来支持土著语言，例如国家土著语言研究所，该研究所提供各种在线课程来帮助人们学习土著语言。现在，纳瓦特尔语是墨西哥本土少数几个没有濒危的语言之一——该国大多数本土语言的母语使用者不到10万人。)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了墨西哥政府支持本土语言。因此选择项C“Mexicans support native language education.(墨西哥人支持母语教育。)”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。 （23-24高二上·广东茂名·期中）A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body. Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape. To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃. In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body. Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding. According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. 1．What can we know about the small robot from the text? A．It was born out of inspiration from the natural world. B．It can be applied to targeting cancer cells and goods delivery. C．It can be used to deliver substances to inaccessible rural areas. D．It can generate heat constructed with specially-selected materials. 2．How do the researchers make the robot deliver goods? A．By using magnets. B．By using heat. C．By using radiation. D．By using chemicals. 3．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Control. B．Detect. C．Stop. D．Monitor. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Tiny Robots Will Be Used In Medicine. B．Tiny Robots Will Be Made to Give Out Heat. C．Small Robots Will Be Made To Deliver Goods. D．Small Robots Have Been Used To Cure Tumors. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种可以改变形状并产生热量的小型机器人在靶向癌细胞和防止骨髓间出血方面显示出潜力，并进行了实验。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins(德国斯图加特马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所的任浩顺领导的研究人员以穿山甲为灵感，开发了一种厘米大小的机器人)”可知制造机器人是以自然界为灵感，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings.(通过调整这些场的频率，机器人能够加热并将热量散发到周围环境中)”以及第三段“In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment.(此外，研究人员利用机器人的热量在模拟的胃部环境中输送物质)” 可知，通过加热可以使机器人传送物质，故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding.(他们用注射器通过一个小切口抽血，模拟出血。随后，机器人伸展并覆盖该区域，散发热量帮助止血)”可以推断出研究人员测试了机器人的止血能力，“halt”与后文中的“stop”意思相同，可推理出划线词的含义为“停止”，故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding.( 一种可以改变形状并产生热量的小型机器人显示出瞄准癌症细胞和防止内出血的潜力)”以及最后一段“According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed(犹他大学的Jake Abbott表示，该机器人有可能用于靶向破坏肿瘤细胞，从而减少将大量组织暴露在辐射或化学物质中的需要。通过将机器人的温度提高到对正常细胞不安全的水平，并将其保持在原位几分钟，癌症细胞可以被杀死)”本文主要讲的是发明了一种机器人，该机器人有可能用于靶向破坏肿瘤细胞，可以杀死癌细胞，此机器人可用于药学，A项“Tiny Robots Will Be Used In Medicine(微型机器人将用于医学)”表达的含义适合用做本文标题，故选A项。 （23-24高二上·云南文山·期中）“Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects. Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat less throughout the day. Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need. In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in the morning. Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes! 1．The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________. A．breakfast must be delicious B．breakfast is eaten by the king C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man 2．Why do we need to have breakfast in the morning? A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies. B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food. D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited. 3．Which of the following doesn’t belong to healthy breakfast? A．Cola and butter. B．A little meat. C．Rice and bread. D．Eggs and milk. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast B．Breakfast and Health C．Breakfast and Weight Loss D．Western Breakfast 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了吃早餐的重要性和中西方的早餐特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.’ As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day.(‘早餐像国王一样吃，午餐像王子一样吃，晚餐像穷人一样吃。’就像这句古语告诉我们的那样，早餐是一天中最重要的一顿饭。)”可知，这句古话想表达的是早餐是三餐中最重要的一顿。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It provides us with energy after a long night without food.(长夜无粮后它为我们提供能量。)”可知，我们需要在早上吃早餐的原因是它可以在我们一整晚没吃饭后为我们提供能量。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need.(健康均衡的早餐应该包括蛋、奶等一些蛋白质或一些肉，让你一整天都充满活力。大米或面包等碳水化合物可以让你保持活跃状态。蔬菜和水果具有人类所需的维生素。)”可知，健康均衡的早餐应有富含蛋白质的蛋和奶等、一些肉、大米或面包等碳水化合物、水果蔬菜，结合四个选项可知，A项“可乐和黄油”不包括在内。故选A。 4．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一、二段讲述了早餐的重要性以及原因；第三段讲述了健康均衡的早餐应包括的食物；第四、五段讲述了中西方的早餐文化。由此可知，本文围绕“早餐和健康”展开，所以B项“早餐和健康”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$