精品解析：上海市上海市黄浦区大同中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

上海市大同中学2024学年第一学期10月学情调研试卷上海市大同中学 高二英语 90分钟 满分100分 班级_________ 姓名__________ 学号________ I听力部份 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s C. At a military base. D. At a gas station 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital. C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To send his kids to school. B. To work in human resource department. C. To drop out of school. D. To take a vacation. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls. C. His call got cut off. D. He finds long-distance calls to expensive. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor. B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article. C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper. D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 10. B. 11 C. 12. D. 13. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She refuses to give free admission to the man. B. She asks the man to bring her some coins. C. She hesitates to give the man free admission. D. She thinks working in a bank has great benefits. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The students’ grades are not so good. B. The performance could have been better. C. The overnight carnival is a copy of the past. D. She wants the man to repeat what he said. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ms. Stone intends to raise the price of raw materials due to higher labor cost. B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy the product or not. C. The quality of the product fails to live up to the man’s expectations. D. The man has mae up his mind to suspend the cooperation with Ms. Stone. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. A charge to be imposed on fat people. B. The importance of a healthy lifestyle. C. An organization providing healthcare. D. A director at Arizona’s Medical program. 12. A. More rewards than punishments are needed. B. More punishments than rewards are needed. C. Punishments and rewards should go hand in hand. D. No more attention deserves to be paid on this matter. 13. A. Because people have already realized the importance of keeping fit. B. Because the new proposal is not reasonable at all. C. Because people don’t need the government to look after them. D. Because it is hard to judge whether one follows medical advice. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Confident. B. Hesitant. C. Determined. D. Excited. 15. A. A His traveling experiences. B. His knowledge of languages. C. His policy-making ability. D. His hard-working attitude. 16. A. An export salesman working overseas. B. A trainee working through every branch. C. A production manager in a branch. D. A policy-maker in the company. 17. A. Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. B. Trainees’ performance is evaluated occasionally. C. Trainees’ starting salary is 870 pounds. D. Trainees cannot quit the management scheme at will. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs. Thatcher, was reported missing in the Sahara Desert while ____18____ (compete) in the Grand Prix Motor race from Paris to Dakar. This sad unexpected news shook the usually calm and unhurried politician off her balance. Although she did her best to pretend as if nothing had happened and made her public appearance as usual, people ___19___ not fail to notice that she had become a very sad mother who was unable to get over her shock ___20___ the old self-assured Prime Minister who always had everything under control. One day, when she was to speak at a lunch party, a reporter caught her ___21___ her guard by bringing up the subject of her missing son again. ___22___, she was totally mentally unprepared for the question and lost her self-control. Tears were rolling down her eyes as she sobbingly told the reporter that there was still no news of Mark and ___23___ she was very worried about him. She said that all the countries ___24___ (concern) had promised to do their best to help her find her son. With ___25___ she broke down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she calmed down and started to speak as planned. It was such a moving scene which exposed a new side of Mrs. Thatcher’s character the public do not usually see ___26___ people began to talk about the Iron Woman’s motherly love, a feeling that is common to all human race. Later Mark returned safe and sound to his mother’s side, good-humored and all smiles as usual as if nothing unusual had ever happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again and ____27____ (see) sobbing for the second time. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （10%） A. strung. B. practically C. advancing D. unfortunate E. reasonably F. sacrificed G. sounding H. laboriously I stretching J. exclusive K. predetermined For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job or ___28___ in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the ___29___ fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (缺陷) lies in the actual stuff of language itself — words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are ___30___ together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. However, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He ___31___ reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization — ___32___ each word either orally or mentally as one reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a (n) ___33___ speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds comfortable, for the purpose of “___34___” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading,regression and subvocalization, ___35___ impossible. At first comprehension is ___36___ for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training. Take Charlce Au,a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was (an) ____37____ good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can get through a lot more reading material in a short period of time. III. Reading Comprehension （40%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. （10%） Brazil’s election offers hope for the rainforest A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to ___38___ policies that have contributed to global climate change. The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon sink. But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has ___39___ become a carbon source. The culprits (罪魁祸首): forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro took office in 2019. On his watch, environmental ___40___ and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged illegal logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged (据说的) involvement in timber trafficking. A greener president would try to ___41___ such crimes. Polls suggest that Mr Bolsonaro is likely to lose the election. His successor could convince Germany and Norway to ___42___ the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and sustainable development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s ___43___. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden ___44___, who has offered to create a $20bn fund for the rainforest once Brazil starts showing results. But even an enlightened president will have to ___45___ a profit-making Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants. These include a land-regularization bill nicknamed the “land-grabbing law” and a bill that would legalize wildcat mining on indigenous territories. In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was occupied when a new constitution was passed in 1988. The court postponed its decision, but Congress is considering a law that would have the ___46___ effect. Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable ___47___ to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants. But if Mr Bolsonaro wins again, his determination to fill the forest with roads, dams and mines could cause destruction far beyond the borders of Brazil. 38. A. intensify B. reverse C. oppose D. diversity 39. A. therefore B. instead C. otherwise D. indeed 40 A. awareness B. restoration C. legalization D. enforcement 41. A. crack down on B. put up with C. step back from D. cover up for 42. A. unfreeze B. invalidate C. regain D. decompose 43. A. policies B. resignation C. protests D. succession 44. A. after all B. in turn C. in contrast D. as well 45. A. defend B. sustain C. tolerate D. battle 46. A. substantial B. same C. decisive D. instant 47. A. replacements B. dedication C. objection D. devotions Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （22%） （A） Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, points out that if the dangers from bacterially, polluted chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides. Says he, “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves. they employ chemical war.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Comell University, “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made”. Yet the issues are not that simple, While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people are subject to the small amounts of contaminants (污染物) generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better the Government needs to tighten its standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less risky alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. 48. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food? A. They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry. B. They overestimate the risk of the food they eat. C. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food. D. They neglect the risks of the food they eat. 49. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______. A. no food is free from pollution in the environment. B. pesticides are widely used in agriculture. C. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals. D. almost all foods have hazardous additives. 50. By saying “they employ chemical war”, Bruce Ames means ______. A. plants produce certain chemicals to resist pests and diseases. B. plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth. C. farmers use man-made chemicals to make the plants grow faster. D. farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases. 51. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage? A. Eating and drinking have become more dangerous than before. B. Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing. C. Healthy food is a distant dream in the modern society. D. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption. （B） Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 55-57. You may read the questions first. root1 /ru:t/ n [C] 1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting. | tree roots ﹣see picture at germinate 2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil. | be/lie at the root of (＝be the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems. | get to the root of (＝find out the cause of a problem) | root cause (＝the main reason for a problem) 3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US. 4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from：be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism. 5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con﹣nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots. 6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there. 7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body 8 take root a ) if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root. b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it. 9 have a (good) root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around. 10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad. 11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added：The suffixness can be added to the root 'cold' to form the word 'coldness'. ﹣compare stem1 (4) 12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16. ﹣see also cube root, square root, grass roots root2 v 1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around： [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen. | [+ for] pigs rooting for food 2 ►PLANT◄ a） [I] to grow roots：New shrubs will root easily in summerb） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots：The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily. | root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks. ﹣see also deeply rooted (deeply (5)) 3►be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory 4►be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move 5►root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition，test or difficult situation，because you want them to succeed: Good luck ﹣ we’ll all be rooting for you!2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl. 6►root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action. 2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear. 7►root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots 52. What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe.”? A. The underground part of a plant. B. One’s connection with a place. C. The origins of a custom or tradition. D. The main cause of a problem. 53. Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ______ crime?” A. root for B. root out C. root up D. root through 54. In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”？ A. A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up. B. A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal. C. A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake. D. A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago. （C） AS HE STOOD amid the thick old-growth forests along the coastal range of Oregon, Dave Wiens was nervous. Before he was trained to shoot his first barred owl (横斑林鸮), he had never fired a gun. Wiens eyed the big female owl, which perched on a branch at just the right distance. Then he squeezed the trigger. The owl fell to the forest floor, its carcass (尸体) adding to a running tally of more than 2,400 barred owls that had been killed so far in a controversial experiment by the U.S. government. The experiment is aimed at testing whether the rapid decline in the population of the northern spotted owl (北方斑点鸮) in the Pacific Northwest can be stopped by the killing of its East Coast cousin. The son of a well-known ornithologist (鸟类学者), Wiens grew up fascinated by birds. “It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,” said he. “Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.” The federal government has been trying for decades to save the northern spotted owl, a native bird that sparked an intense battle over logging. After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. Meanwhile, researchers began documenting another threat: larger, more aggressive barred owls which are competing with the spotted owls for food and space and displacing them in some areas. In almost all ways, the barred ow is the spotted owl’s worst enemy: They reproduce more often, have more babies per year, and eat the same prey such as squirrels and woodrats. And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. Because the barred owl has few predators in Northwest forests, he sees his team’s role as apex predator, acting as a cap on a population that does not have one. Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. “Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out.” said Harris. “It’s going to be very common with climate change. What are we going to do — pick and choose the winners?” 55. What did Dave Wiens imply by saying “our backs are up against the wall” in Paragraph 3? A. He still feels guilty about killing the barred owl in large numbers. B. The Northern spotted owl has already been pushed to the brink of extinction. C. Federal officials have been left with no choice but to kill barred owls to save northern spotted owls. D. The U.S. government hasn’t found out exactly why the number of northern spotted owls has been dropping. 56. Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly explain _______. A. how logging affected the survival of norther spotted owls B. why the U.S. government decided to conduct the experiment C. how the U.S. government has managed to protect barred owls D. why barred owls have been able to adapt themselves to life on the West Coast 57. According to the article,what sparked off the controversy? A. Both owls should have been protected by federal laws. B. The killing of barred owls could have been done more humanely. C. Humans shouldn’t be intervening in the maintenance of biodiversity. D. The experiment poses a challenge to the theory of “survival of the fittest” 58. According to Michael Harris,the problem of northern spotted owls probably resulted from ______. A. the invasion of the barred owls B. logging in the old-growth forests C. the effects of human activities on the habitat of barred owls D. the increasingly serious effects of climate change on ecosystems Section C Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （8%） Claustrophobia, or fear often closed spaces, is one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space. Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling “past experience”, whether it is a childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or an unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift). ____59____ This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia Shanghai Datong High School. According to Mark Powers, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at Souther Methodist University, “Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder. The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air.” ____60____ Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc. Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party. ____61____ Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable. According to Dr. Powers, “Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.” Shanghai Datong High School ____62____ A less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning. Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation. A. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack. B. The term “past experiences”, according to one expert, can extend to the moment of birth. C. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person. D. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments. E. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes. F. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways. IV. Words （4%） Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms. 63. He is an outstanding goal scorer who doesn’t get the _________ (recognize) he deserves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 64. Those who appear to have _________ (effort) succeeded have usually put in years of preparation and practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 65. An ________ (object) set of rules which we all agree to accept is necessary for any ordered society. (所给词适当形式填空) 66. All other issues fade into insignificance compared with the struggle for _________ (survive). (所给词的适当形式填空) V. Translation （19%） Directions: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words givenin the brackets. （1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+4’+4’+5’） 67. 要是你能帮助我解决这个技术问题，我将不胜感激。（appreciate） __________________________________________________ to solve the technical problem. 68. 我去和他谈谈这事，你有大同中学保留版权意见吗？（object) __________________________________________________ to him about it? 69. 麦格今天下午相当不安，甚至连和我打招呼的心情都没有。(mood) Meg was so upset this afternoon that ___________________________________________. 70. 演讲者在演讲中投入的情感越多，观众越容易被打动并产生共鸣。(identify) The more feelings a lecturer puts into a speech, the more easily the audience will feel moved and __________________________________________. 71. 当你方便的时候请与我电话联系，我会向你详细解释你肠胃失调的原因。(contact) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 72. 很多大学毕业生在申请工作时才意识到他们缺乏的不是书本知识而是实践经验。（until; lack）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 尽管他的尝试均以失败告终，但他仍然不遗余力地要去实现打破世界纪录的梦想而不是轻言放弃。（effort）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市大同中学2024学年第一学期10月学情调研试卷上海市大同中学 高二英语 90分钟 满分100分 班级_________ 姓名__________ 学号________ I听力部份 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s C. At a military base. D. At a gas station 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Hurry up! Otherwise we would be late for the meeting. W: Well, now the needle is on “Empty.” It’ll take a few minutes to fill up the tank. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45. 【答案】B 【解析】 原文】M: What time do you usually go home from work? W: Oh, I usually finishes my work at 5:45 and spend an hour on the way. But if there’s a traffic jam, it will be 7:45. Last night, I got home very late at 8:45. Q: When does the woman usually get home from work? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B He took Caroline to the hospital. C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: No one told me that Caroline was in hospital. M: Sorry. I meant to give you a call when I found out, but it slipped my mind. Q: What does the man mean? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To send his kids to school. B. To work in human resource department. C. To drop out of school. D. To take a vacation. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Hey, I’d like to take time off in July, when the kids are out of school. What shall I do? W:Oh, you’ve got to submit a form to Human Resources. Q:What is the man going to do this summer? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls. C. His call got cut off. D. He finds long-distance calls to expensive. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Oh, no. The X-Mobile dropped my call again, right in the middle of the conversation! W: I hardly ever get dropped with Y-Mobile, and long-distance calls in German are free. Q: What is the man’s problem? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor. B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article. C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper. D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I think you should narrow the topic down. It sounds like a castle in the air to have the topic clearly stated in a 2, 000-word paper. M: Exactly. I should think it over and reconsider my topic before consulting my supervisor. Q: What will the man probably do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 10. B. 11 C. 12. D. 13. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: We had expected a dozen of guests to attend the lecture but Johnson called just now. He and his wife could not make it. M: All right. I was just going to tell you that Franklin would be attending the lecture. Q: How many guests are going to attend the lecture? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She refuses to give free admission to the man. B. She asks the man to bring her some coins. C. She hesitates to give the man free admission. D. She thinks working in a bank has great benefits. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】W: Now that you’ve got a job in the Disney Resort, can’t you bring me a free admission now and then? M: Certainly, if you bring me a few coins now and then from the bank where you work! Q: What does the man mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The students’ grades are not so good. B. The performance could have been better. C. The overnight carnival is a copy of the past. D. She wants the man to repeat what he said. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I really enjoyed the students’ performance at the overnight carnival. They did an amazing job with the stalls. It reminds me of my school time. W: I wish you could repeat your comment on their academic performance. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ms. Stone intends to raise the price of raw materials due to higher labor cost. B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy the product or not. C. The quality of the product fails to live up to the man’s expectations. D. The man has mae up his mind to suspend the cooperation with Ms. Stone. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Well, Ms. Stone. I must point out that the prices are much higher than before, which are beyond our expectations. W: I’m sorry. But as you know, the labor cost has increased recently and so has the cost of the raw materials. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. A charge to be imposed on fat people. B. The importance of a healthy lifestyle. C. An organization providing healthcare. D. A director at Arizona’s Medical program. 12. A. More rewards than punishments are needed. B. More punishments than rewards are needed. C. Punishments and rewards should go hand in hand. D. No more attention deserves to be paid on this matter. 13. A. Because people have already realized the importance of keeping fit. B. Because the new proposal is not reasonable at all. C. Because people don’t need the government to look after them. D. Because it is hard to judge whether one follows medical advice. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 【解析】 【原文】If a new idea in America becomes a law, people who suffer from obesity could suffer financially, too. The U.S. state of Arizona wants to charge overweight citizens $50 annually if they fail to follow their doctors’ advice. People with children or who are overweight because they suffer from a medical condition would be excluded. If the idea is approved by Congress, smokers and diabetics who fail to stick to a healthy lifestyle will also have to pay. Medicaid, the organization which provides healthcare to the poor in the United States costs the government $339 billion a year. Monica Coury, assistant director at Arizona’s Medicaid program, said that this proposal would ask people to give something back. She said that Arizona would take a carrot-and-stick approach to the problem. As well as punishing people who go against their doctor’s wishes, awards would be offered for following advice, possibly a keep-fit video. Arizona’s senator Tristan Sinema has not backed the plans, saying that there isn’t a system to decide whether someone is or isn’t following medical advice. Other critics claim that people don’t need the government to look after them if they want to be fat and smoke. Questions: 11.What is the news report mainly about? 12.What does Monica Coury believe Arizona should do to reduce obesity? 13.Why is Tristan Sinema against the plan? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Confident. B. Hesitant. C. Determined. D. Excited. 15. A. A His traveling experiences. B. His knowledge of languages. C. His policy-making ability. D. His hard-working attitude. 16. A. An export salesman working overseas. B. A trainee working through every branch. C. A production manager in a branch. D. A policy-maker in the company. 17. A. Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. B. Trainees’ performance is evaluated occasionally. C. Trainees’ starting salary is 870 pounds. D. Trainees cannot quit the management scheme at will. 【答案】14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Now I’ve got your background. Let’s talk about the management trainee scheme. What exactly do you think a manager does? M: I don’t know a great deal about the work. W: But have you got any ideas about it? You must have thought about it. M: Yes, I, er, I suppose he has a lot of, er, what is called policy-making to do. And, mm, he’d have to know how to work with people and all about the company. W: Mm M: Yes, I, er, should think a manager must know, er, something about all aspects of the work. W: Yes, that’s right. We like our executive staff to undergo a thorough training. Young men on our trainee scheme have to work through every branch in the company. M: Well, if I had to do it, I suppose. But I was thinking that my French and German would mean that I could specialize in overseas work. I’d like to be some sort of an export salesman and travel abroad. W: You know the charm of traveling abroad disappears when you’ve got to work hard. It’s not all fun and game. M: Oh, yes, I realize that. It’s just that my knowledge of languages would be useful. W: Now, Mr. Smith, is there anything you want to ask me? M: Well, there’s one or two things. I’d like to know if I’d have to sign a contract, what the salary is and what the prospects are. W: With our scheme, there is no contract involved. Your progress is kept under constant review. If we, at any time, decide we don’t like you, then that’s that: we reserve the right to dismiss you. Of course, you have the same choice about us. As for salary, you’d be on our fixed scale starting at 870 pounds. For the successful trainee, the prospects are very good. Questions: 14.How does the man sound when asked what a manager’s role is? 15.What does the man think is his advantage of working overseas? 16.What does the man say he would like to be? 17.Which of the following is true about the management trainee scheme? II. Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs. Thatcher, was reported missing in the Sahara Desert while ____18____ (compete) in the Grand Prix Motor race from Paris to Dakar. This sad unexpected news shook the usually calm and unhurried politician off her balance. Although she did her best to pretend as if nothing had happened and made her public appearance as usual, people ___19___ not fail to notice that she had become a very sad mother who was unable to get over her shock ___20___ the old self-assured Prime Minister who always had everything under control. One day, when she was to speak at a lunch party, a reporter caught her ___21___ her guard by bringing up the subject of her missing son again. ___22___, she was totally mentally unprepared for the question and lost her self-control. Tears were rolling down her eyes as she sobbingly told the reporter that there was still no news of Mark and ___23___ she was very worried about him. She said that all the countries ___24___ (concern) had promised to do their best to help her find her son. With ___25___ she broke down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she calmed down and started to speak as planned. It was such a moving scene which exposed a new side of Mrs. Thatcher’s character the public do not usually see ___26___ people began to talk about the Iron Woman’s motherly love, a feeling that is common to all human race. Later Mark returned safe and sound to his mother’s side, good-humored and all smiles as usual as if nothing unusual had ever happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again and ____27____ (see) sobbing for the second time. 【答案】18. competing 19. could##did 20. instead of##rather than 21. off 22. However 23. that 24. concerned 25. that##it 26. that 27. was seen 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了撒切尔夫人因儿子失踪而展现出的母爱与脆弱一面。 【18题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：1982年，撒切尔夫人的儿子马克·撒切尔在参加从巴黎到达喀尔的汽车大奖赛时被报道在撒哈拉沙漠失踪。while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语+be动词，且动词compete与其逻辑主语Mark Thatcher之间是主动关系，省略主语+be动词，故用现在分词作状语。故填competing。 【19题详解】 考查情态动词或者助动词。句意：尽管她尽力装出若无其事的样子，像往常一样出现在公众面前，人们还是会注意到，她已经变成了一个悲伤的母亲，无法从震惊中恢复过来，而不是那个自信的首相，一切都在她的掌控之中。根据语境可知，此处表示“不可能没有注意到”，结合前文的did可知句子时态是一般过去时，结合空后not fail to可知，此处应填情态动词could，表示“可能”，或助动词did与not连用。故填could/did。 【20题详解】 考查介词短语。句意同上。上文提到“她已经变成了一个悲伤的母亲，无法从震惊中恢复过来”，下文提到“那个自信的首相，一切都在她的掌控之中”，上下文之间为转折关系，需用介词短语instead of/rather than连接，表示“而不是”。故填instead of/rather than。 【21题详解】 考查介词。句意：有一天，当她要在一个午宴上发言时，一位记者再次提起了她失踪儿子的话题，这让她措手不及，她完全没有做好心理准备，失去了自制。短语“catch sb. off one’s guard”意为“使某人措手不及”。故填off。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。此处前文“a reporter caught her off her guard by bringing up the subject of her missing son again”和后文“she was totally mentally unprepared for the question and lost her self-control”转折关系，用however表示“然而”符合题意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 【23题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：当她啜泣着告诉记者仍然没有马克的消息，她非常担心他的时候，泪水从她的眼睛里滚了下来。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，所有有关国家都承诺尽最大努力帮助她找到她的儿子。此处应填非谓语动词，且动词concern与其逻辑主语all the countries之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填concerned。 【25题详解】 考查代词。句意：说着，她完全崩溃了，默默地抽泣了好一会儿。此处作介词with的宾语，指代上文中她说的话，需用代词that/it指代。故填that/it。 【26题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：正是这样一个感人的场面，揭示了撒切尔夫人性格中公众通常看不到的另一面，人们开始谈论铁娘子的母爱，一种全人类共有的感情。such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 【27题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，铁娘子再次崩溃，第二次哭泣。此处是and连接的并列句，此处作后一个分句的谓语，根据语境可知，此处表示被看到，且根据上文“broke down”可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语The Iron Woman与see之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was seen。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （10%） A. strung. B. practically C. advancing D. unfortunate E. reasonably F. sacrificed G. sounding H. laboriously I stretching J. exclusive K. predetermined For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job or ___28___ in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the ___29___ fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (缺陷) lies in the actual stuff of language itself — words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are ___30___ together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. However, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He ___31___ reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization — ___32___ each word either orally or mentally as one reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a (n) ___33___ speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds comfortable, for the purpose of “___34___” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading,regression and subvocalization, ___35___ impossible. At first comprehension is ___36___ for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training. Take Charlce Au,a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was (an) ____37____ good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can get through a lot more reading material in a short period of time. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. H 32. G 33. K 34. I 35. B 36. F 37. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了介绍如何通过训练克服不良阅读习惯，提高阅读速度和理解能力。 【28题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在找工作或晋升的过程中，快速阅读和理解的能力可能意味着成功与失败的区别。根据句意“升职”可知，此处为动词advance，位于介词in后面，需用动名词形式advancing，作宾语。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，不幸的事实是，我们大多数人都是糟糕的读者。根据句意“不幸的”可知，此处为形容词unfortunate，作定语，修饰名词fact。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：单独来看，单词没有什么意义，除非它们被串成短语、句子和段落。根据句意“串联”可知，此处为动词string，they指代words，和string为被动关系，需用被动语态，空处需填过去分词strung和are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：他费力地一个字一个字地读，经常退回去重读单词或段落。根据句意“费力地，吃力地”可知，此处为副词laboriously，作状语，修饰动词reads。故选H。 【32题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个会减慢阅读速度的习惯是大声朗读——在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。根据句意“发生”可知，此处为动词sound，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，与前面的句子为主谓关系，使用现在分词形式sounding。故选G。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了克服这些不良习惯，一些阅读诊所使用了一种叫做加速器的装置，它以一个预先设定的速度将一根杆（或窗帘）沿着页面向下移动。根据句意“预先设定的”可知，此处为形容词predetermined，作定语，修饰名词speed。故选K。 【34题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了“拉伸”他，设定的速度比读者觉得舒服的速度略快。根据句意“拉伸”可知，此处为动词stretch，位于介词后面，需填动名词stretching，作宾语。故选I。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使得逐字逐句的阅读、倒退和默读几乎不可能。根据句意“几乎”可知，此处为副词practically，作状语，修饰形容词impossible。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：一开始，理解是为了速度而牺牲的。根据句意“牺牲”可知，此处为动词sacrifice，comprehension 和sacrifice为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词is，空处需填过去分词形式sacrificed。故选F。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：以商业经理charles Au为例，他的阅读速度在训练前是每分钟172个单词，还算不错，现在是每分钟1378个单词。根据句意“大致，还算”可知，此处为副词reasonably，作状语，修饰形容词good。故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension （40%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. （10%） Brazil’s election offers hope for the rainforest A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to ___38___ policies that have contributed to global climate change. The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon sink. But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has ___39___ become a carbon source. The culprits (罪魁祸首): forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro took office in 2019. On his watch, environmental ___40___ and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged illegal logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged (据说的) involvement in timber trafficking. A greener president would try to ___41___ such crimes. Polls suggest that Mr Bolsonaro is likely to lose the election. His successor could convince Germany and Norway to ___42___ the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and sustainable development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s ___43___. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden ___44___, who has offered to create a $20bn fund for the rainforest once Brazil starts showing results. But even an enlightened president will have to ___45___ a profit-making Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants. These include a land-regularization bill nicknamed the “land-grabbing law” and a bill that would legalize wildcat mining on indigenous territories. In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was occupied when a new constitution was passed in 1988. The court postponed its decision, but Congress is considering a law that would have the ___46___ effect. Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable ___47___ to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants. But if Mr Bolsonaro wins again, his determination to fill the forest with roads, dams and mines could cause destruction far beyond the borders of Brazil. 38. A. intensify B. reverse C. oppose D. diversity 39. A. therefore B. instead C. otherwise D. indeed 40. A. awareness B. restoration C. legalization D. enforcement 41. A. crack down on B. put up with C. step back from D. cover up for 42. A. unfreeze B. invalidate C. regain D. decompose 43. A. policies B. resignation C. protests D. succession 44. A. after all B. in turn C. in contrast D. as well 45. A. defend B. sustain C. tolerate D. battle 46. A. substantial B. same C. decisive D. instant 47. A. replacements B. dedication C. objection D. devotions 【答案】38. B 39. B 40. D 41. A 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. B 47. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。巴西总统换届将给巴西政府提供一个机会，扭转那些与全球气候变化有关的政策。因巴西现任总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗及其国会为了经济发展制定的政策法律，不仅危及亚马逊雨林的生态，影响全球气候，也波及到其中居民生活。 【38题详解】 考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：2022年的总统选举将为巴西政府扭转导致全球气候变化的政策提供机会。A. intensify加强；B. reverse颠倒；C. oppose反对；D. diversity多样性。根据后文“A greener president would try to 　　　4　　　 such crimes.”可知，一位更环保的总统会努力打击此类犯罪，所以是会扭转导致全球气候变化的政策。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项令人担忧的研究发现，在过去的十年里，它反而成为了一个“碳源”。A. therefore因此；B. instead代替；C. otherwise否则；D. indeed确实。根据前文“The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon sink.”可知，亚马逊雨林，历史上一直是重要的“碳汇”，现在反而成为了一个“碳源”。故选B项。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他任内，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平。A. awareness意识；B. restoration恢复；C. legalization合法化；D. enforcement执行。根据后文“Activists say this has encouraged illegal logging, mining, and land-grabbing.”可知，助长了非法采伐、采矿和土地掠夺，所以应是环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平。故选D项。 【41题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位更环保的总统会努力打击此类犯罪。A. crack down on严厉打击；B. put up with忍受；C. step back from后退；D. cover up for掩护。根据前文“On his watch, environmental 　　　3　　　 and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged illegal logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged (据说的) involvement in timber trafficking.”可知，在President Jair Bolsonaro的任内，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平，所以一位更环保的总统会努力打击此类犯罪。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的继任者可能会说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金（Amazon Fund），这是一笔用于执法和可持续发展的资金，由于对Bolsonaro的政策感到担忧，该基金于2019年被撤回。A. unfreeze解冻；B. invalidate使无效；C. regain重新获得；D. decompose分解。根据后文“was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s 　　　6　　　.”可知，该基金被撤回，所以此处应是说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的继任者可能会说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金（Amazon Fund），这是一笔用于执法和可持续发展的资金，由于对Bolsonaro的政策感到担忧，该基金于2019年被撤回。A. policies政策；B. resignation辞职；C. protests抗议；D. succession继承。根据上文“On his watch, environmental 　　　3　　　 and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged illegal logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged (据说的) involvement in timber trafficking.”可知，应是对Bolsonaro的政策担心。故选A项。 【44题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：新总统也可能恢复与乔·拜登总统的谈判，拜登总统已经提出，一旦巴西开始取得成果，就为雨林建立200亿美元的基金。A. after all毕竟；B. in turn依次；C. in contrast对比之下；D. as well也。根据前文“His successor could convince Germany and Norway to 　　　5　　　 the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and sustainable development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s 　　　6　　　. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden”可知，新总统先是说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金，也可能恢复与乔·拜登总统的谈判。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，即使是一位开明的总统，也将不得不与逐利的国会作斗争，国会正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律。A. defend辩护；B. sustain维持；C. tolerate容忍；D. battle战斗。根据后文“which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants.”可知，国会正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律，所以是不得不与逐利的国会作斗争。故选D项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最高法院推迟了裁决，但国会正在考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。A. substantial大量的；B. same相同的；C. decisive决定性的；D. instant立即的。根据前文“which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants.”可知，正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律，所以此处是考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在巴西，更好的领导可以推动地区努力，加强执法，并为雨林居民寻找可持续的替代森林砍伐。A. replacements替换物；B. dedication献身；C. objection反对；D. devotions忠诚。根据前文的sustainable以及后文“to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants”结合选项可知，应是“为雨林居民寻找可持续的替代森林砍伐”符合语境。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （22%） （A） Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, points out that if the dangers from bacterially, polluted chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides. Says he, “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves. they employ chemical war.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Comell University, “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made”. Yet the issues are not that simple, While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people are subject to the small amounts of contaminants (污染物) generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less risky alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. 48. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food? A. They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry. B. They overestimate the risk of the food they eat. C. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food. D. They neglect the risks of the food they eat. 49. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______. A. no food is free from pollution in the environment. B. pesticides are widely used in agriculture. C. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals. D. almost all foods have hazardous additives. 50. By saying “they employ chemical war”, Bruce Ames means ______. A. plants produce certain chemicals to resist pests and diseases. B. plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth. C. farmers use man-made chemicals to make the plants grow faster. D. farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases. 51. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage? A. Eating and drinking have become more dangerous than before. B. Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing. C. Healthy food is a distant dream in the modern society. D. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption. 【答案】48. B 49. C 50. A 51. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”可知，作者认为大多数美国人高估了所吃食物的风险。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides.(加州大学伯克利分校生物化学系主任布鲁斯·艾姆斯指出，植物重量的10%是由天然杀虫剂构成的)”可知，作者认为不可能获得没有危险性的食物是因为实验证明许多蔬菜含有危险的天然化学物质。故选C。 【50题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“He says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves,...” (他说:“因为植物没有颚和牙齿来保护自己，……”)”和下文“And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts...(虽然许多天然产生的化学物质含量甚微……)”可知，Bruce Ames的话的意思是植物产生某些有毒的化学物制是为了抵御害虫和疾病等。故选A。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”，和倒数第二段的“While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety.(虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌前，但他们有充分的理由要求在食品和水安全方面取得重大进展)”，以及最后一段的“To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, enhance its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. (为了使优质的食品和水供应变得更好，政府需要收紧监管标准，加强检查计划，加强执法政策)”推知，作者认为对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎，并呼吁政府收紧监管标准、加强检查计划、加强执法政策。故选D。 （B） Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 55-57. You may read the questions first. root1 /ru:t/ n [C] 1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting. | tree roots ﹣see picture at germinate 2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil. | be/lie at the root of (＝be the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems. | get to the root of (＝find out the cause of a problem) | root cause (＝the main reason for a problem) 3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US. 4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from：be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism. 5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con﹣nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots. 6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there. 7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body 8 take root a ) if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root. b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it. 9 have a (good) root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around. 10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad. 11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added：The suffixness can be added to the root 'cold' to form the word 'coldness'. ﹣compare stem1 (4) 12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16. ﹣see also cube root, square root, grass roots root2 v 1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around： [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen. | [+ for] pigs rooting for food 2 ►PLANT◄ a） [I] to grow roots：New shrubs will root easily in summer.b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots：The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily. | root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks. ﹣see also deeply rooted (deeply (5)) 3►be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory 4►be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move 5►root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition，test or difficult situation，because you want them to succeed: Good luck ﹣ we’ll all be rooting for you!2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl. 6►root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action. 2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear. 7►root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots 52. What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe.”? A. The underground part of a plant. B. One’s connection with a place. C. The origins of a custom or tradition. D. The main cause of a problem. 53. Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ______ crime?” A. root for B. root out C. root up D. root through 54. In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”？ A. A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up. B. A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal. C. A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake. D. A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago. 【答案】52. B 53. B 54. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了字典中关于单词“root”不同含义及用法的解释。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。“Many Americans have roots in Europe.”意为“许多美国人的根在欧洲”，根据FAMILY CONNECTION部分“sb’s roots your con﹣nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there(某人的根是指你与某个地方的联系，因为你出生在那里，或者你的家人曾经在那里生活过。)”可知，句子中roots的意思是“一个人与某个地方的联系”。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it(找出特定问题存在的地方并将其解决)”可知，将root out填入句子中，意为“你认为有可能根除犯罪吗？”，root out意为“根除”，符合语境。故选B。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move(（因震惊、惊讶或恐惧）以至于你无法动弹)”可知，选项C，一个女孩在看到一条长蛇时吓得走不动了。这完全符合“be rooted to the spot”的含义，即因为震惊、惊讶或害怕而无法移动。故选C。 （C） AS HE STOOD amid the thick old-growth forests along the coastal range of Oregon, Dave Wiens was nervous. Before he was trained to shoot his first barred owl (横斑林鸮), he had never fired a gun. Wiens eyed the big female owl, which perched on a branch at just the right distance. Then he squeezed the trigger. The owl fell to the forest floor, its carcass (尸体) adding to a running tally of more than 2,400 barred owls that had been killed so far in a controversial experiment by the U.S. government. The experiment is aimed at testing whether the rapid decline in the population of the northern spotted owl (北方斑点鸮) in the Pacific Northwest can be stopped by the killing of its East Coast cousin. The son of a well-known ornithologist (鸟类学者), Wiens grew up fascinated by birds. “It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,” said he. “Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.” The federal government has been trying for decades to save the northern spotted owl, a native bird that sparked an intense battle over logging. After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. Meanwhile, researchers began documenting another threat: larger, more aggressive barred owls which are competing with the spotted owls for food and space and displacing them in some areas. In almost all ways, the barred ow is the spotted owl’s worst enemy: They reproduce more often, have more babies per year, and eat the same prey such as squirrels and woodrats. And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. Because the barred owl has few predators in Northwest forests, he sees his team’s role as apex predator, acting as a cap on a population that does not have one. Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. “Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out.” said Harris. “It’s going to be very common with climate change. What are we going to do — pick and choose the winners?” 55. What did Dave Wiens imply by saying “our backs are up against the wall” in Paragraph 3? A. He still feels guilty about killing the barred owl in large numbers. B. The Northern spotted owl has already been pushed to the brink of extinction. C. Federal officials have been left with no choice but to kill barred owls to save northern spotted owls. D. The U.S. government hasn’t found out exactly why the number of northern spotted owls has been dropping. 56. Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly explain _______. A. how logging affected the survival of norther spotted owls B. why the U.S. government decided to conduct the experiment C. how the U.S. government has managed to protect barred owls D. why barred owls have been able to adapt themselves to life on the West Coast 57. According to the article,what sparked off the controversy? A. Both owls should have been protected by federal laws. B. The killing of barred owls could have been done more humanely. C. Humans shouldn’t be intervening in the maintenance of biodiversity. D The experiment poses a challenge to the theory of “survival of the fittest” 58. According to Michael Harris,the problem of northern spotted owls probably resulted from ______. A. the invasion of the barred owls B. logging in the old-growth forests C. the effects of human activities on the habitat of barred owls D. the increasingly serious effects of climate change on ecosystems 【答案】55. C 56. B 57. C 58. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在1990年猫头鹰被列入《濒危物种法》的濒危物种名单后，美国进行了一项旨在测试太平洋西北部北部斑点猫头鹰数量的迅速下降是否可以通过杀死横斑猫头鹰来拯救北方斑点猫头鹰的实验。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It’s a little distasteful to go out killing owls to save another owl species,(为了拯救另一种猫头鹰而去猎杀猫头鹰，这有点令人反感)”以及“Nonetheless, I also feel, from a conservation standpoint, that our backs are up against the wall.(尽管如此，从保护的角度来看，我也觉得我们已经走投无路了)”可知，Dave Wiens所说的话表明联邦官员别无选择，只能杀死横斑猫头鹰来拯救北方斑点猫头鹰。故选C。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“After the owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, earning it a cover on Time magazine, federal officials banned logging in the old-growth forests to protect the bird’s habitat. However, its population continued to decline. (1990年，猫头鹰被《濒危物种法》列为受威胁物种，并登上了《时代》杂志的封面。此后，联邦官员禁止砍伐原始森林，以保护猫头鹰的栖息地。然而，它的数量继续下降)”以及文章第五段“And now they outnumber spotted owls in many areas of the native bird’s historical range. So in a last-ditch effort to see whether they can save the spotted owls, federal officials are resorting to killing federally protected barred owls. (现在，在许多本土鸟类的历史范围内，它们的数量超过了斑点猫头鹰。因此，在最后的努力中，看看他们是否能拯救斑点猫头鹰，联邦官员正在采取措施杀死受联邦保护的横斑猫头鹰)”可知，联邦官员正在采取措施杀死横斑猫头鹰，这是为了拯救北方斑点猫头鹰，第四段和第五段主要解释了美国政府决定进行这项实验的原因。故选B。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Wiens, who works for the US, Geological Survey, now views his gun as a “research tool” in humankind’s attempts to maintain biodiversity in order to rebalance the forest ecosystem. (为美国地质调查局工作的维恩斯现在把他的枪看作是人类试图维持生物多样性以重新平衡森林生态系统的“研究工具”)”及最后一段“Things were put into motion a century ago. We really have to let these things work themselves out, (事情在一个世纪前就开始运转了。我们真的必须让这些事情自己解决)”可知，人们应该让这些事情自己解决，由此推知，引发争议的原因是人类不应该干预生物多样性。故选C。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Harris, who directs the wildlife law program for Friends of Animals, thinks that the government should focus on what humans are doing to the environment and protect habitats rather than scapegoat barred owls. (迈克尔·哈里斯是“动物之友”野生动物法项目的负责人，他认为政府应该关注人类对环境的影响，保护栖息地，而不是把猫头鹰当作替罪羊)”可知，根据迈克尔·哈里斯的说法，北方斑点猫头鹰的问题可能是由于人类活动对横斑猫头鹰栖息地的影响造成的。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （8%） Claustrophobia, or fear often closed spaces, is one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space. Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling “past experience”, whether it is a childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or an unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift). ____59____ This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia Shanghai Datong High School. According to Mark Powers, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at Souther Methodist University, “Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder. The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air.” ____60____ Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc. Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party. ____61____ Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable. According to Dr. Powers, “Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.” Shanghai Datong High School ____62____ A less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning. Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation. A. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack. B. The term “past experiences”, according to one expert, can extend to the moment of birth. C. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person. D. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments. E. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes. F. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways. 【答案】59. A 60. F 61. C 62. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们描述了幽闭恐惧症。它通常是因为曾经被困在有限空间中留下的阴影，幽闭恐惧症患者极其害怕封闭的环境。幸运的是，幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的。 【59题详解】 根据前文“Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling “past experience”, whether it is a childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or an unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift). (幽闭恐惧症可能是在令人不安的“过去经历”之后发展起来的，无论是童年经历（比如在童年游戏中被困在一个小空间里），还是后来生活中与小空间有关的不愉快经历（比如被困在电梯里）)”可知，当一个人经历这样的事件，它往往会患上幽闭恐惧症。A项“When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.(当一个人经历这样的事件时，它通常会导致可怕的恐慌发作)”符合文意，承接上文。故选A项。 【60题详解】 根据后文“Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.(幽闭恐惧症的症状包括：出汗、心跳加速、胃部不适、昏厥、头晕、颤抖、呼吸困难等)”可知，此处讲述幽闭恐惧症的症状，所以F项“When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.(当一个患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间里时，她的身体会以某种方式做出反应)”引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 【61题详解】 根据前文“Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party.(一些常见的情况会引起幽闭恐惧症患者的焦虑。幽闭恐惧症患者在房间里会寻找出口，在汽车里会避免在交通拥挤的高速公路或主要道路上行驶，在建筑物内避免乘坐电梯，或者在聚会时站在门附近)”可知，本段主要讲述了一些常见的引起幽闭恐惧症患者的焦虑的情况，所以C项“In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.(在极端情况下，一扇关着的门就会让人产生焦虑感)”符合本段主题，其中anxiety为同词复现。故选C项。 【62题详解】 根据后文“A less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning. Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation.(一种不那么极端的暴露疗法是反调节。反条件反射包括行为治疗，在慢慢地重新引入原因情境之前，这个人被教导可视化和放松技巧)”可知，本段主题是介绍幽闭恐惧症的治疗方法，所以E项“Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes.(洪水疗法是一种暴露疗法，患者暴露在某种环境中，直到焦虑发作过去)”符合本段主题，介绍一种治疗方法。故选E项。 IV. Words （4%） Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms. 63. He is an outstanding goal scorer who doesn’t get the _________ (recognize) he deserves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一名出色的射手，但他没有得到应有的认可。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，recognize的名词形式是recognition意为“承认”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 64. Those who appear to have _________ (effort) succeeded have usually put in years of preparation and practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】effortlessly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：那些看起来毫不费力就成功了的人通常投入了多年的准备和实践。空处修饰动词have succeeded，需用副词作状语，表示“毫不费力地”应用effortlessly。故填effortlessly。 65. An ________ (object) set of rules which we all agree to accept is necessary for any ordered society. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】objective 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们都同意接受的一套客观的规则对于任何有序的社会都是必要的。由空前的冠词“an”以及空后的名词“set”可知，此处应填形容词作定语修饰名词。objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故填objective。 66. All other issues fade into insignificance compared with the struggle for _________ (survive). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】survival 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：与生存斗争相比，其他一切问题都显得微不足道。介词for后接名词形式。survive的名词形式为survival，为“生存”之意。故填survival。 V. Translation （19%） Directions: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words givenin the brackets. （1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+4’+4’+5’） 67. 要是你能帮助我解决这个技术问题，我将不胜感激。（appreciate） __________________________________________________ to solve the technical problem. 【答案】I would appreciate it if you could/can help me 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“要是……我将不胜感激”应用固定句型I would appreciate it if…；表示“你”应用you；表示“能”应用could/can；表示“帮助某人做某事”应用help sb to do，位于情态动词后，help应用原形；表示“我”应用me。故填I would appreciate it if you could/can help me。 68. 我去和他谈谈这事，你有大同中学保留版权意见吗？（object) __________________________________________________ to him about it? 【答案】Do you have any objections to Datong High School retaining the copyright, if I go and talk 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。根据句意，陈述现在事情，用一般现在时，且用一般疑问句。“反对做某事”翻译为have an objection to，to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语；“保留版权意见”翻译为 retain the copyright；if“如果”引导条件状语从句；“和某人交谈”用短语talk to sb. about sth.。故填Do you have any objections to Datong High School retaining the copyright, if I go and talk。 69. 麦格今天下午相当不安，甚至连和我打招呼的心情都没有。(mood) Meg was so upset this afternoon that ___________________________________________. 【答案】she was in no mood to say hello to me 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。空处为that引导的结果状语从句，主句谓语为was，时态是一般过去时，主从句时态基本一致，故从句时态也用一般过去时；表示“没有心情做某事”可用短语be in no mood to do sth.，从句主语为she，系动词需用was；表示“和我打招呼”可用短语say hello to me。故填she was in no mood to say hello to me。 70. 演讲者在演讲中投入的情感越多，观众越容易被打动并产生共鸣。(identify) The more feelings a lecturer puts into a speech, the more easily the audience will feel moved and __________________________________________. 【答案】identify with the lecturer 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。根据所给中文句子和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“产生共鸣”，根据题干要求需用identify，所以此处用动词短语identify with意为“和……有同感”，此处和前文的feel并列，一起作谓语，一般将来时，所以用动词原形，“演讲者”作宾语，译为“the lecturer”。故填：identify with the lecturer。 71. 当你方便的时候请与我电话联系，我会向你详细解释你肠胃失调的原因。(contact) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Please contact me by phone when it is convenient for you, and I will provide you with a detailed explanation of the causes of your gastrointestinal disorder. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词，时间状语从句和时态。根据所给中文句子“当你方便的时候”可用when引导的时间状语从句，状语从句中，需用一般现在时表将来，译为“when it is convenient for you”，“请与我电话联系”可用please开头的祈使句句型，根据题干要求，需用动词contact，译为“please contact me by phone”，“我会向你详细解释你肠胃失调的原因”为and连接的并列句，描述将要发生的事，用一般将来时，译为“I will provide you with a detailed explanation of the causes of your gastrointestinal disorder.”。故译为：Please contact me by phone when it is convenient for you, and I will provide you with a detailed explanation of the causes of your gastrointestinal disorder. 72. 很多大学毕业生在申请工作时才意识到他们缺乏的不是书本知识而是实践经验。（until; lack）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many university graduates don’t realize that what they lack is not text knowledge but practical experience until they apply for jobs. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和名词性从句。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“许多大学毕业生”应用many university graduates；表示“直到……才……”应用固定句型not…until…；表示“没有意识到”应用don’t realize，后接宾语从句，由连接词that引导；表示“他们所缺乏的”应用what they lack，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语；表示“是”应用be，主语为从句，be动词用is；表示“不是……而是……”应用not…but…；表示“书本知识”应用text knowledge；表示“实践经验”应用practical experience；表示“直到他们申请工作时”应用until they apply for jobs。故翻译成：Many university graduates don’t realize that what they lack is not text knowledge but practical experience until they apply for jobs.。 73. 尽管他的尝试均以失败告终，但他仍然不遗余力地要去实现打破世界纪录的梦想而不是轻言放弃。（effort）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although his attempts have all ended up with failure, he still spares no effort to realize his dream of breaking the world record instead of giving up easily. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。表示“尽管”应用although，引导让步状语从句；表示“他的尝试”应用his attempts；表示“都”应用all；表示“以失败告终”应用end up with failure，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have；表示“他”应用he；表示“仍然”应用still；表示“不遗余力做某事”应用spare no effort to do sth.，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“实现打破世界纪录的梦想”应用realize his dream of breaking the world record，realize与to构成动词不定式，breaking the world record为动名词短语作宾语；表示“而不是”应用instead of；表示“轻易放弃”应用give up easily，位于介词后面，使用动名词作宾语。故翻译成：Although his attempts have all ended up in failure, he still spares no effort to realize his dream of breaking the world record instead of giving up easily.。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, hurry up, otherwise we would be late for the meeting. Well, now the needle is on empty. It'll take a few minutes to fill up the tank question. where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, what time do you usually go home from work? Oh, I usually finish my work at five forty five and spend an hour on the way. But if there is a traffic jam, IT will be seven forty five. Last night, I got home very late at eight forty five. Question, when does the woman usually get home from work? Three, no one told me that Caroline was in the hospital. Sorry, I meant to give you a call when I found out. but IT slip my mind question, what does the man mean? For, hey, i'd like to take time off in july when the kids are out of school. What shall I do? Oh, you've got to submit a form to human resources . question. What is the man going to do this summer? Five, oh, no. The x mobile dropped my call again in right in middle of the conversation. I hardly ever get dropped with my mobile. And long distance calls in german are free question. what is the man's problem? Six, I think you should narrow the topic down IT sounds like a castle in the air to have the topic clearly stated in a two thousand word paper. exactly. I should think IT over and reconsider my topic before consulting my supervisor question. what would the men probably do? Seven, we had expected a dozens of guests to attend a lecture, but Johnson called just now he and his wife could not make IT. All right. I was just going to tell you that Franklin would be attending the lecture. question. How many guests are going to attend the lecture? Now that you've got a job in the disney resort, can you bring me a free admission . now and then? Certainly, if you bring me a few coins now and then from the bank where you work. question, what does the woman mean? Nine, I really enjoyed the students and performance at the overnight carnival. They did an amazing job with the stalls. IT reminds me of my school time. I wish you could repeat your comment on their academic . performance question. What does the woman imply? ten. Well, misty, I must point out that the Prices are much higher than before, which are beyond our expectations. I'm sorry, but as you know, the labor cost has increased recently and so has the cost of the raw materials question. What can we learn from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. You will be asked several questions on each of the passengers and the conversation. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven to thirteen are based on the following passage. If a new idea in amErica becomes a law, people who suffer from obesity could suffer financially too. The U. S. State of the arizona wants to charge overweight citizens dollars annually if they failed to follow their doctor's advice. People with children or who are overweight because they suffer from a medical condition would be excluded if the idea is approved by congress. Smokers and diabetics who failed to stick to a healthy lifestyle, we'll also have to pay medicate. The organization, which provides health care to the poor in the united states, caused the government three hundred thirty nine billion dollars a year. Monica curry, assistant director at arizona's medicate program, said that this proposal would ask people to give something back. SHE said that arizona would take a charge in stick approach to the problem as well as punishing people who go against their doctor's wishes. Awards would be offered for following advice, possibly a keep feed. Video, arizon senator tristan cinema has not backed the plans, saying that there isn't a system to decide whether someone is or isn't following medical advice. Other critics claim that people don't need the government to look after them if they want to be fat and smoke. Now listen again, please. People who suffer from obesity could suffer financially too. The U. S. State of arizona wants to charge overweighed citizens fifty dollars annually if they fail to follow their doctor's advice. People with children or who are overweight because they suffer from a medical condition would be excluded if the idea is approved by congress. Smokers and diabetics who failed to stick to a healthy lifestyle will also have to pay medicaid. The organisation, which provides health care to the poor in the united states, costs the government three hundred and thirty nine billion dollars a year. Monica curry, assistant director, arizona medicate program, so that this proposal would ask people to give something back. He said that arizona would take a carrot and stick approach to the problem, as well as punishing people who go against their doctor's wishes. Awards would be offered for following advice, possibly a keep fit video. Arizona senator tristan cinema has not backed the plans, saying that there isn't a system to decide whether someone is or isn't following medical advice. Other critics claim that people don't need the government to look after them if they want to be fat in smoke. Questions fourteen, what is the news report mainly about. Fifteen, what does Monica curry believe arizona should do to reduce obesity? Sixteen, why is cristin cinema against the plan? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Now i've got your background. Let's talk about the management trainee scheme. What exactly do you think a manager does? I don't know a great deal about the work. but have you got any ideas about IT? You must have thought about IT. Yes, II suppose he has a lot of what is called policy making to do, and he'd have to know how to work with people and all . about the company. Yes, I should think the manager must know a something about all aspects of the work. Yes, that's right. We like our executive staff to undergo a third training. Young men and our training scheme have to work through every branch in the company. Well, if I had to do IT, I suppose, but I was thinking that my french and german would mean that I could specialize in overseas work. I'd like to be some sort of an export salesmen and travel abroad. You know, the charm of traveling abroad disappears when you've got to work hard. It's not all fun and game. Oh yes, I realized that it's just that my knowledge of languages would be useful. No, mr. Smith, is there anything you want to ask me? Well, there's one or two things i'd like to know if i'd have to sign a contract, what the salary is and what the prospects . are with our scheme. There is no contract involved. Your progress is kept under constant review. If we at any time decide we don't like you, then that's that we reserve the right to dismiss you. Of course, you have the same choice about us. As for salary, you'd be on our fixed scale starting at eight hundred seventy pounds for the successful training, the prospects are very good. Now listen again, please. Now i've got your background. Let's talk about the management chinese scheme. What exactly do you think a manager does? I don't know a great deal about the work. but have you got any ideas about IT? You must . have thought about IT. Yes, II suppose he has a lot of what is called policy making to do, and he'd have to know how to work with people and . all about the company. Yes, I should think the manager must know a something about all aspects of the work. Yes, that's right. We like our executive staff to undergo a third training. Young men and our training scheme have to work through every branch in the company. Well, if I had to do IT, I suppose, but I was thinking that my french and german would mean that I could specialize in overseas work. I'd like to be some sort of an export salesmen and travel abroad. You know, the charm of traveling abroad disappears when you've got to work hard. It's not all fun and game. Oh yes, I realized that it's just that my knowledge of languages would be useful. No, mr. Smith, is there anything you . want to ask me? Well, there's one or two things i'd like to know if i'd have to sign a contract, what the salary is and what the prospects are with our scheme. There is no contract involves your progress is kept under constant review. If we at any time decide we don't like you, then that's that we reserve the right to dismiss you. Of course, you have the same choice about us. As for salary. You'd be on our fixed scale starting at eight hundred seventy pounds for the successful training. The prospects are very good. Questions seventeen, how does the man sound when asked what a manager's role is? Eighteen, what does the man think is his advantage of working overseas? Nineteen, what does the man say he would like to be? Twenty, which of the following is true about the management trainee scheme? That's the ending of listening.