Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件 -2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

What he wants to tell us is not clear. She always thinks of how she can work well. It is known to us how he became a writer. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. The boy who is running on the playground is Peter. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I like the book whose cover is red. He might be ill, for he didn’t come to school. This is where our problem lies. This is the factory where he worked last year. The news that we won the game is exciting. I still remember the days when we lived together. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. English is an important subject , which every student should study well. The dog was eating a cake when I reached home. 英语 三大从句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作主语 作宾语 作表语 作同位语 时间、地点、条件、原因、比较、目的、结果、让步、方式状语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 04 04 03 022 01 定语从句 大分类 关系词 CONTENTS 定语 05 特殊情况和解题步骤 3 CHAPTER ONE 定语 4 修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子叫定语。 定语可前置，也可后置。(短前长后) a beautiful girl an apple tree a reading room a book on the desk an interesting book a boy running in the street a broken heart a boy called Tom the first student to enter the classroom I know a boy who is cool. Luffy is a cool boy. Luffy is a boy with a hat. Luffy is a boy who is cool. 1. 作用：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的 2. 分类： 形容词、名词，代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子 3. 表示：汉语中常用‘……的’表示 4. 位置：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语 定语 CHAPTER TWO 定语从句 8 1.定义： 一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定（对词句进行补充、修饰、限定，进而使原句内容更完整） 2.语法成分： 整个句子中做定语的成分 3.位置： 只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后 定语从句（也称形容词性从句） 1.这两名同学是朋友。 2.这两名同学正站着。 1. The two students are friends. 2. The two students are standing. 3. The two students who are standing are friends. 定语从句 主语 谓语 The two students who are standing are friends. 先行词 关系词 定语从句: 修饰名词或代词的句子。 1.The boy running on the playground is Peter. 2.The boy who is running on the playground is Peter. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词 3.What the boy wants to do is to run on the playground. × √ × 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 在从句中充当句子成分（主/宾/定/表/状） 名词或代词 关系代词和关系副词 缺少主/宾/定/表/状语， 但必须有谓语。 The girl is behind the tree is Mary. the girl who/that CHAPTER THREE 分类 13 1)限定性定语从句 对先行词有限定制约作用，不能被省略，否则句意不完整 I met someone who said he knows you. 2)非限定性定语从句 起补充说明作用，可省略。有逗号隔开 The house,which I bought, has a lovely garden.　 ①Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? ②English is an important subject , which every student should study well. 区别 1.形式不同 非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。 2.关系词不同 that不用于非限制性； 在限制性从句中，关系词作宾语有时可以省略， 而在非限制性定语从句，关系词一律不省略。 ①She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you. ②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. ③The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for. 1. The car, ______ we bought last month, is very nice. 2. This is the car _________ we bought last month. 3. The woman _________________ we will meet at the airport is an expert. 4. But Sarah,___________has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. which which/that who/whom/that/略 who CHAPTER FOUR 关系词 17 关系词 只指代人 只指代事物 人、物皆可 指地点 指时间 指原因 who，whom which that, whose, as where when why 关系代词 关系副词 作从句中的主语、宾语、定语、表语 作从句的状语 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略 可以☞人和物 作定语修饰名词 whose+名词 牢记：what不用来引导定语从句 定语 一.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.指物时 ①How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday? ② How do you like the film (which/that) we saw last Sunday？ ③I like the book whose cover is red. 2.指人时： ①Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? ②He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday. ③Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 1.关系副词when，表示时间 ①I still remember the days when we lived together. ②There are occasions when you must not refuse. 2.关系副词where ，表示地点 ①Shanghai is the city where I was born.  ②This is the factory where he worked last year. ③Dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. ④He has reached the point where a change is needed. 二.关系副词引导的定语从句 3.关系副词why（= for which） 先行词是表原因的名词reason ①The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. ②We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. ③She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. ①I still remember the days when we lived together. ②I still remember the days which/that we spent together. ①This is the park which/that they visited last year. ②This is the factory where he worked last year. ①I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. ②The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. 1.“介词+关系代词which/whom” 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 2.常用的介词有in，on，about，from，for，with，to ，at，of，without 3.介词的来源 ①定语从句中动词、形容词与介词的习惯搭配 ②根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配 ③根据句子意思表达的需要 三.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句 (1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. (2)看先行词与介词的搭配习惯 ①On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand. ②I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. (3)考查根据句意确定介词 ①I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly. ② He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. CHAPTER FIVE 特殊情况和解题步骤 1.只用that 2.只用which 3.注意 主谓一致 26 只用that不用which 1.先行词是被序数词/形容词最高级修饰 The first thing that you should do is call the police right away. 2.先行词是被不定代词修饰（all, little, few, much, everthing, anything） All that can be done has been done. 3.先行词是/被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰 The only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help. 4. 先行词既包括人又包括物 Sometimes we should ignore the person and things that upset us. 5. 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句 Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing? 只用which 1.引导非限定性定语从句 Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world. 2.关系代词有介词 This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived. 3.先行词本身就是that That which you told him is what we want to know. 4.句中包含两个定语从句时，一句用that,另一句用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 只用who不用that的情况 1.先行词是指人的不定代词（one;ones;anyone;no one; nobody; anybody; none; all） Anyone who does that must be mad. 2.there be 句型，先行词☞人 There is a yound man who wants to see you. 3.先行词是☞人的 those Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 注意 主谓一致 1.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数通常与先行词的数保持一致 ①The students who were referred to just now were all from the same village. ②I, who am your mother ,is not a person that is easy to cheat. 2.在“one of + 复数名词…”后面，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that have drawn lots of visitors. 3.在“the only /the very one of + 复数名词…”后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 The Great Wall is the only (one) of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 解定语从句三步骤 一找：找出先行词； 二带：把先行词带入定语从句中，组成正确的句子； 三选择：考虑各种情况，确定关系词。 1. A plane is a machine __________ can fly. 2. He knew the teacher _______________ we met yesterday. 3. I saw a woman _________ bag was stolen. 4. The day _____________ I married was June 6, 2004. 5. The hotel ______________ we stayed wasn’t clean. 6. The reason ______________ I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. that /which a machine the teacher who/whom/that/略 whose a woman the day on the day a woman's on which=when the hotel in the hotel in which =where for the reason which =why 用正确的关系词填空(I) 1. His father works in a factory __________ makes TV sets. 2. His father works in a factory ______________my grandmather worked. 3. His father works in a factory ____________my grandmather worked in. 4. His father works in a factory in____________my grandmather worked . 5. His father works in a factory ____________ we visited the other day. 6. His father works in a factory __________ gate faces south. that/which in which=where which the factory the factoy the factoy's the factory in the factory which/that/略 the factory which/that/略 whose 7. I will never forget the day ______________ I met you 3 years ago. 8. I will never forget the day on ___________ I met you 3 years ago. 9. I will never forget the day _____________ I met you on 3 years ago. 10. I will never forget the day ____________ I spent in your house three years ago. 用正确的关系词填空(II) on which=when which which/that/略 which/that/略 on the day the day the day the day $$