精品解析：上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

2024-2025学年七宝中学高三上英语第一次月考 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soliders, while the people ____1____ (help) civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat or calculated the length of the year, or manured (施肥) a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a solider. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are ____2____ that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not ____3____ (civilized). Animals fight; so ____4____ savages (野蛮人); so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is ____5____ conquerors and generals have done — is not being civilized. People fight ____6____ (settle) quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side ____7____ kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most ____8____ (win). It means ____9____ (say) that power is right. This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars, _____10_____ millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. modesty B. estimates C. burdened D. entitles AB. justifying AC. concern AD. opposed BC. intensive BD. morally CD. imposes ABC. viewing Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States - we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It ____11____ workers to as much as 12 week’s unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the ____12____ of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent (先例)”. In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly ____13____. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott, argues, ____14____ parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. Parents are ____15____ in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. Society expects parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the ____16____ and intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed. While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep ____17____ to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only ____18____ urgent but important to the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’s welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society ____19____. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting, really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (累积) to the whole of society as today’s children become tomorrow’s citizens. In fact, by some ____20____, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money, is equal to 20%-30% of GDP. If these investments bring huge social benefits-as they clearly do-the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer. III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices (学徒) and journeymen (熟练工). ____21____ women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to ____22____ factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ____23____ transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for ____24____ their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock. The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the ____26____ to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, ____27____ the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it ____28____ the very nature of work. The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally ____29____ complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.” With the ____30____ of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked ____31____ with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even well-paid workers sensed their ____32____ in status. In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. The labor movement gathered some momentum (动力，势头) in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength ____33____. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or ____34____ collective action. And skilled craft workers, who led the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation (激烈争论) did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850s’, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these ____35____ had little immediate impact. 21. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore 22. A. give way to B. make up for C. get rid of D. end up with 23. A. Expensive B. Public C. Difficult D. Cheap 24. A. displaying B. supervising C. respecting D. predicting 25. A. shared B. assessed C. perfected D. applied 26. A. pressure B. hatred C. freedom D. disappointment 27. A. followed B. broke C. established D. fixed 28. A. ignored B. demanded C. guaranteed D. transformed 29. A. succeeded B. recovered C. quitted D. revenged 30 A. restoration B. change C. loss D. protection 31. A. closely B. efficiently C. independently D. diligently 32. A. stability B. independence C. decline D. security 33. A. maintained B. developed C. returned D. collapsed 34. A. protest against B. give up C. account for D. engage in 35. A. emphases B. limits C. evidences D. gains Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-tom homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 36. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B. Her mother’s miserable death C. Being exposed to Greek literary works. D. Following the prettiest girl in his class. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that ________. A. Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation. B. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style C. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired D. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students 38. The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A. how the author became a journalist B. the importance of inspiration in one’s life C. the teacher who shaped the author’s life D. factors contributing to a successful career (B) When you first arrive in Oxford，it may take a little while for you to find your way around. The university is a large organization that is fully integrated into the city and has been evolving for 800 years. Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike ( most students in Oxford find cycling is the best way to go around), setting up a bank account , getting their computer and mobile phone working , finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize. One of the major events you will experience shortly after "coming up" to Oxford is matriculation. Matriculation is held at the University's Sheldonian Theatre and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university. International students are invited to an orientation day at the start of the academic year. Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in UK and introduce you to other graduate students from all over the world who are starting their studies at Oxford at the same time as you , as well as to current Oxford graduate students and staff who will be able to help and advise you . The day covers topics such as studying and learning in the Oxford system, University services, information on living in Britain and culture differences, as well as addressing practical issues such as employment, immigration and visas, health and safety. You can choose which talks to attend and at the end of the day there is a social hour so you can meet fellow student. Another good thing to experience early on is college dining. Most colleges have a tradition of regular formal hall dinners, which consist of three or four courses and the atmosphere of an evening out in a nice restaurant. On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner and then they may return the favor. In this way you can get to know people studying your own and other subjects at the same time as visiting many often historical college grounds and dining halls. Further information on your first few weeks at Oxford is available via the Students Gateway on our website and you can get first-hand accounts of what life at Oxford is like by watching videos of students talking about their experiences on our Wall of 100 Faces. 39. Which of the following is not the first thing for a newcomer to Oxford to do_______？ A. to find a best place to socialize B. to set up a bank account C. to go to the Sheldonian Theatre D. to get mobile phone working 40. When do students feel they are truly admitted to Oxford University______？ A. They arrived in Oxford and settled down on campus． B. They received the offer from the admission office． C. They met the staff and took some required courses． D. They experienced the matriculation in the university． 41. Why is an orientation important for international students？ A. It is a good chance to ask the staff for help． B. It offers practical information about living and studying． C. It helps get students' computers hooked to the Internet． D. It can help deal with the problem of culture differences． 42. "Return the favor"in the passage probably means___． A. inviting you for dinner B. visiting your historic college in return C. sharing favorite videos D. providing you with some good advice． (C) In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we’ve come up with various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won’t be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible-- and mostly wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don’t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools, On two measures- professors’ feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is considered at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a school’s average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke (偶然). A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it’s not the only indicator and its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not life’s only competition. In the next competition--the job market and graduate school-the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn’t. So parents, lighten up. The stakes (风险) have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize (合理化) our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints. 43. Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars? A. They have the final say in which university their children are to attend. B. They know best which universities are most suitable for their children. C. They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves. D. They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application. 44. What does the author mean by “kids count more than their colleges” Line 1, para.4? A Continuing education is more important to a person’s success. B. Kids’ actual abilities are more important than their college background. C. A person’s happiness should be valued more than their education. D. What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements. 45. What does Krueger’s study tell us? A. Getting into Ph.D. programs may be more competitive than getting into college. B. Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores. C. Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation. D. Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs. 46. According to the passage, one possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that ________. A. they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation B. they earn less than their peers from other institutions C. they turn out to be less competitive in the job market D. they overemphasize their qualifications in job application Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ____47____ In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. ____48____ They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ____49____ And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership ___50___ That kind of strategy must come from the top. A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong. D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F. They encouraged new ways of thinking. 第II卷 I. Summary 51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. While there’s no doubt that school is important, a number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more so. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement-checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. So parents matter. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remain strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 意识到犯了大错，我马上向在场所有的人表达了诚挚的歉意。（present）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这款新药对感染了这种病毒的病人是否有效尚不知晓。(remain) （汉译英） 54. 对语言学习者来说，接触英文材料并养成好的习惯能提高学习成果。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 迄今虽说屡屡采取严控措施，但绝大多数人仍然觉得难以承担目前的高房价。 (majority) III. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启示写一封申请信。 启示：国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。有意者请来信告知。 信中请包括： 1. 你个人基本情况 2. 你对申请项目具体设想 3. 项目经费使用情况 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年七宝中学高三上英语第一次月考 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soliders, while the people ____1____ (help) civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat or calculated the length of the year, or manured (施肥) a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a solider. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are ____2____ that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not ____3____ (civilized). Animals fight; so ____4____ savages (野蛮人); so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is ____5____ conquerors and generals have done — is not being civilized. People fight ____6____ (settle) quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side ____7____ kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most ____8____ (win). It means ____9____ (say) that power is right. This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars, _____10_____ millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. 【答案】1. helping 2. those 3. the most civilized 4. do 5. what 6. to settle 7. can 8. has won##wins 9. saying 10. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了历史书中对征服者、将军等战争人物的过度关注，以及这种关注对文明进步者的忽视，表达了作者对文明和战争的不同看法。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在历史书中最常出现且最辉煌的大多是伟大的征服者、将军和士兵，而那些推动文明进步的人往往根本未被提及。空处考查非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“people”和动词“help”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填helping。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：我想大多数人都认为，最伟大的国家是那些在战场上战胜了最多其他国家并对其进行征服的国家。空处为代词代指上文的“the greatest countries”，用代词those。故填those。 【3题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：它们可能确实是，但它们并非最文明的国家。根据句意以及上文提到的“And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are ____2____ that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.”可知，空处为最高级形式，和上文语义一致。故填the most civilized。 【4题详解】 考查助动词。句意：动物会争斗；野蛮人也会争斗；所以擅长战斗就像动物或野蛮人擅长的那样，但这并不意味着文明。空处考查特殊句式：so+助动词+主语，意为“……也一样”；根据主句时态可知，此句句型中的助动词用一般现在时，且和“savages”保持一致。故填do。 【5题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：即使擅长让别人为自己而战，并告诉他们如何最有效地去做——这毕竟是征服者和将军们所做的事情——这也不意味着文明。分析句子成分可知，空处考查表语从句的引导词，表语从句中缺少宾语，表示“……事”，用“what”引导。故填what。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们通过战斗来解决争端。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to settle。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：战斗意味着杀戮，而文明民族应该能够找到除了看哪一方能杀死对方更多人，然后说杀死最多的一方获胜之外的其他解决争端的方法。根据句意以及空后的动词原形可推测，空处为情态动词，意为“能够”，用情态动词can。故填can。 【8题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：战斗意味着杀戮，而文明民族应该能够找到除了看哪一方能杀死对方更多人，然后说杀死最多的一方获胜之外的其他解决争端的方法。根据从句时态可知，本句时态为一般现在时或现在完成时；主语为“the side”，单数，和动词“win”之间为主动关系。故填has won或wins。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着认为权力就是正义。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当动词“mean”的宾语，意为“意味着……”，用动名词形式。故填saying。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：即使在我们这个时代，也爆发了两次最大的战争，数百万人被杀或致残。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the two greatest wars”，在非限制性定语从句中担当地点状语，意为“在这两次大战中”，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. modesty B. estimates C. burdened D. entitles AB. justifying AC. concern AD. opposed BC. intensive BD. morally CD. imposes ABC. viewing Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States - we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It ____11____ workers to as much as 12 week’s unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the ____12____ of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent (先例)”. In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly ____13____. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott, argues, ____14____ parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. Parents are ____15____ in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. Society expects parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the ____16____ and intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed. While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep ____17____ to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only ____18____ urgent but important to the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’s welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society ____19____. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting, really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (累积) to the whole of society as today’s children become tomorrow’s citizens. In fact, by some ____20____, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money, is equal to 20%-30% of GDP. If these investments bring huge social benefits-as they clearly do-the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. AD 14. AB 15. C 16. BC 17. AC 18. BD 19. CD 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文属于议论文。文章讨论了关于家庭休假政策的社会议题，特别是针对新生儿护理的家庭休假政策。文章分析了美国在这方面的现状，与国际上的其他发达国家进行了比较，并探讨了为何在美国实施类似政策面临阻力的原因。同时，文章也提出了家庭政策对于社会整体利益的重要性，以及政府和社会应当如何更好地支持家庭。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：它允许员工最多休12周的无薪假来照顾新生儿或处理家庭医疗问题。这里需要一个动词来表示法律给予的权利，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，谓语也用entitle“使……有权利”的第三人称单数entitles。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管这项福利的价值有限，但商会和其他商业团体仍对其进行了激烈的反对。这里描述的是尽管该政策的好处不是很大，但仍遭到了强烈反对。故用名词modesty“有限”，作Despite的宾语。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：事实上，在（通常是）民主党领导人试图将工作与家庭平衡措施纳入法律的每一步，商业团体都强烈反对。这里需要一个形容词来描述商业团体的态度，故用形容词opposed“反对的”，作表语。故选AD。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：正如耶鲁大学法学教授安妮·阿尔斯托特所论证的，为父母提供支持之所以合理，取决于我们是否将家庭定义为一种在某种程度上社会必须为之买单的社会公益。作者想要表达的是为父母支持提供正当理由或使其正当化的观点，用动词justify“证明正当，证明……正确（或正当）”，本句谓语为depends on，此处为非谓语动词，用动名词，作主语。故选AB。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：父母在他们的生活中有很多方面的负担：当涉及到孩子时，“没有出口”。这里需要一个形容词，来表达父母在生活中承受的重担，故用形容词burdened“担负（重担）的”，作表语。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：社会期望父母为他们的孩子提供持续的照顾，这意味着人类需要发展他们的智力，情感和道德能力的密集和亲密的照顾。这里需要一个形容词，来形容照顾的性质。故用intensive“集中的，密集的”，作前置定语，修饰care，可以用来形容照顾的深入程度。故选BC。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：换句话说，父母的所作所为是国家深切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅在道德上紧迫，而且对社会的未来也很重要。这里需要一个名词来表达“关切，关心”，本空用名词concern，作of的宾语。故选AC。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：换句话说，父母的所作所为是国家深切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅在道德上紧迫，而且对社会的未来也很重要。这里更需要表达紧迫性的副词，来修饰形容词urgent“紧急的”，故用morally“道德上”，作状语。故选BD。 【19题详解】 考查时态、主谓一致。句意：国家在一系列旨在保障儿童福祉的家庭法律中认可了这一点，然而，在面对社会施加给父母的那些足以改变生活的责任时，父母们却鲜少获得帮助。obligations后为定语从句，本空为从句的谓语，这里需要一个动词来表达社会施加给父母的那些足以改变生活的责任，用impose“把……强加于”，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语society为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。故选CD。 【20题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：事实上，据估计，父母在孩子身上的投资，时间和金钱的投资，相当于GDP的20%-30%。这里需要一个名词来表达统计数据或估值的概念，用名词estimate“估计”，根据空前的some可知，用复数形式，作by的宾语。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices (学徒) and journeymen (熟练工). ____21____ women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to ____22____ factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ____23____ transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for ____24____ their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock. The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the ____26____ to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, ____27____ the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it ____28____ the very nature of work. The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally ____29____ complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.” With the ____30____ of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked ____31____ with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even well-paid workers sensed their ____32____ in status. In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. The labor movement gathered some momentum (动力，势头) in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength ____33____. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or ____34____ collective action. And skilled craft workers, who led the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation (激烈争论) did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850s’, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these ____35____ had little immediate impact. 21. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore 22. A. give way to B. make up for C. get rid of D. end up with 23. A. Expensive B. Public C. Difficult D. Cheap 24. A. displaying B. supervising C. respecting D. predicting 25. A. shared B. assessed C. perfected D. applied 26. A. pressure B. hatred C. freedom D. disappointment 27. A. followed B. broke C. established D. fixed 28. A. ignored B. demanded C. guaranteed D. transformed 29. A. succeeded B. recovered C. quitted D. revenged 30. A. restoration B. change C. loss D. protection 31. A. closely B. efficiently C. independently D. diligently 32. A. stability B. independence C. decline D. security 33. A. maintained B. developed C. returned D. collapsed 34. A. protest against B. give up C. account for D. engage in 35. A. emphases B. limits C. evidences D. gains 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，文章描述了美国从1815年前后制造业从传统的手工艺生产方式向机械化、工厂化生产方式转变的历史过程。文章详细介绍了这一转型对工作组织方式、工人地位及劳资关系等方面的影响，同时也反映了早期劳动者的抵抗和劳工运动的发展。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，妇女经常在家里兼职，用商业资本家提供的原料制作成品。A. Otherwise否则；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices (学徒) and journeymen (熟练工). ”和下文“women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists”可知，1815年以前，美国的制造业是由熟练的工匠在家里或商店里完成的。作为手艺大师，他们将自己的手艺传授给学徒和熟练工，下文是对上文1815年以前，美国的制造业状况的补充说明，用Moreover。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：1815年后，这种旧的生产形式开始让位于由非熟练或半熟练工人操作机器的工厂。A. give way to让位于；B. make up for弥补；C. get rid of摆脱；D. end up with以……结束。根据下文“factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers”可知，此处描述的是生产方式的变化，即传统生产方式被新的生产方式取代。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：廉价的交通网络、城市的兴起以及资本和信贷的可获得性都刺激了向工厂生产的转变。A. Expensive昂贵的；B. Public公共的；C. Difficult困难的；D. Cheap便宜的。根据下文“transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production”和常识可知，工业革命时期交通成本降低，即廉价的交通网络，有助于促进商品运输和市场扩展。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学徒被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅不仅要负责教学徒一门手艺，还要为他们提供一些教育，并监督他们的道德行为。A. displaying展示；B. supervising监督；C. respecting尊敬；D. predicting预测。根据上文“masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education and for”和下文“their moral behavior”可知，师傅有责任确保学徒的行为符合社会道德标准，即师傅监督学徒的道德行为。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：熟练工知道如果他们完善自己的技能，就可以成为受人尊敬的大师级工匠，并拥有自己的店铺。A. shared分享；B. assessed评估；C. perfected完善；D. applied应用。根据下文“their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops”可知，熟练工通过提高自己的技术水平，即完善自己的技能，达到职业上的成功。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：工厂生产的产品不像手工生产的那样完美和优雅，对工艺的自豪感让位于提高生产率的压力。A. pressure压力；B. hatred仇恨；C. freedom自由；D. disappointment失望。根据上文“pride in craftsmanship gave way to the”和下文“to increase rates of productivity”可知，这里指工业生产中更加注重效率而非产品质量或个人成就，即，对工艺的自豪感让位于提高生产率的压力。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：旷工和迟到影响了生产力，而且由于工作是专业化的，也打破了工厂的常规。A. followed跟随；B. broke破坏，打破；C. established建立；D. fixed固定。根据上文“Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized”和下文“the regular factory routine”可知，这里描述的是工人迟到等行为对工厂运作的影响，旷工和迟到影响了生产力，打破了工厂的常规。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：工业化不仅使工作组织方式发生了根本变化；它改变了工作的本质。A. ignored忽略；B. demanded要求；C. guaranteed保证；D. transformed改变。根据上文“Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized”和下文“the very nature of work”可知，工业化不仅使工作组织方式发生了根本变化，这里强调的是工业革命对工作性质的根本性影响，它改变了工作的本质。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位最终辞职的工厂工人透露地抱怨说：“对叮当作响的钟的顺从，就好像我们是许多活的机器一样。”A. succeeded成功；B. recovered恢复；C. quitted退出，离开，辞职；D. revenged复仇。根据下文“complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.””可知，某位工人很不适应新的工作环境，最终辞职。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着个人自由的丧失，他们在社区中的地位也随之下降。A. restoration恢复；B. change变化；C. loss丧失；D. protection保护。根据上文“obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines”和下文“of personal freedom”可知，这里指的是个人在工业时代失去了相对于传统手工艺时代的某些自由。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不像手工艺作坊中徒弟与师傅近距离监督工作，工厂严格区分了工人和管理层。A. closely紧密地；B. efficiently高效地；C. independently独立地；D. diligently勤奋地。根据上文“Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them with some education”和“artisan workshops in which apprentices worked”可知，这里强调的是手工艺作坊中师徒之间的密切关系。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很少有工人能晋升到主管职位，甚至高薪工人也感到自己的地位在下降。A. stability稳定性；B. independence独立性；C. decline下降；D. security安全性。根据上文“Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even well-paid workers sensed their”可知，这里指的是工人在工业时代相对地位的下降。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在1837年大恐慌之前的十年里，劳工运动积聚了一些势头，但在随后的大萧条中，劳工的力量崩溃了。A. maintained维持；B. developed发展；C. returned返回；D. collapsed崩溃。根据上文“The labor movement gathered some momentum (动力，势头) in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength”和下文“During hard times, few workers were willing to strike”可知，这里指的是经济危机对劳工运动的影响，即经济危机期间劳工的力量崩溃了，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在困难时期，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。A. protest against抗议；B. give up放弃；C. account for解释；D. engage in参与。根据上文“During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or”可知，这里描述的是经济衰退期间工人的反应，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过十多年的努力争取，到1850年代大多数行业的工作时间缩短到了10小时，法庭也承认了工人罢工的权利，但这些胜利几乎没有立即产生影响。A. emphases重点；B. limits限制；C. evidences证据；D. gains收益，胜利，成果。根据上文“More than a decade of agitation (激烈争论) did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850s’, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these”可知，这里指的是劳动运动取得的一些胜利。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949 I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-tom homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 36. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B. Her mother’s miserable death C. Being exposed to Greek literary works. D. Following the prettiest girl in his class. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that ________. A. Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation. B. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style C. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired D. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students 38. The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A. how the author became a journalist B. the importance of inspiration in one’s life C. the teacher who shaped the author’s life D. factors contributing to a successful career 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和其生命中一位重要的人生导师——Marjorie Hurd之间的故事，以及这位老师如何对作者的人生产生了深远的影响。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-tom homeland, making me proud of my origins. (她向我介绍了希腊丰富的文学财富，让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。)”可知，作者的老师向作者介绍了希腊文化，让作者对自己的祖国有了不同的看法。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.(这些学生主要来自问题最多的家庭，但她用自己特有的严厉而慈爱的方式，时而严厉，时而温柔地引导他们，直到他们心中的火花被点燃。)”可知，她用自己特有的严厉而慈爱的方式，时而严厉，时而温柔地引导他们，说明Hurd老师用了一种独特的方式来处理这些学生。故选D。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.(决定我人生道路的人是一位名叫Marjorie Hurd的学校老师。)”、最后一段“Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. (Hurd老师是将我的悲伤和痛苦转化为写作动力的人。如果没有Hurd老师，我就不会成为一名记者。她是推动我进入新闻业的催化剂，并间接促成了之后发生的所有好事。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Hurd老师如何影响了作者的人生，使作者成为了一个记者，并强调了Hurd老师对作者的深远影响。故选C。 (B) When you first arrive in Oxford，it may take a little while for you to find your way around. The university is a large organization that is fully integrated into the city and has been evolving for 800 years. Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike ( most students in Oxford find cycling is the best way to go around), setting up a bank account , getting their computer and mobile phone working , finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize. One of the major events you will experience shortly after "coming up" to Oxford is matriculation. Matriculation is held at the University's Sheldonian Theatre and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university. International students are invited to an orientation day at the start of the academic year. Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in UK and introduce you to other graduate students from all over the world who are starting their studies at Oxford at the same time as you , as well as to current Oxford graduate students and staff who will be able to help and advise you . The day covers topics such as studying and learning in the Oxford system, University services, information on living in Britain and culture differences, as well as addressing practical issues such as employment, immigration and visas, health and safety. You can choose which talks to attend and at the end of the day there is a social hour so you can meet fellow student. Another good thing to experience early on is college dining. Most colleges have a tradition of regular formal hall dinners, which consist of three or four courses and the atmosphere of an evening out in a nice restaurant. On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner and then they may return the favor. In this way you can get to know people studying your own and other subjects at the same time as visiting many often historical college grounds and dining halls. Further information on your first few weeks at Oxford is available via the Students Gateway on our website and you can get first-hand accounts of what life at Oxford is like by watching videos of students talking about their experiences on our Wall of 100 Faces. 39. Which of the following is not the first thing for a newcomer to Oxford to do_______？ A. to find a best place to socialize B. to set up a bank account C. to go to the Sheldonian Theatre D. to get mobile phone working 40. When do students feel they are truly admitted to Oxford University______？ A They arrived in Oxford and settled down on campus． B. They received the offer from the admission office． C. They met the staff and took some required courses． D. They experienced the matriculation in the university． 41. Why is an orientation important for international students？ A. It is a good chance to ask the staff for help． B. It offers practical information about living and studying． C. It helps get students' computers hooked to the Internet． D. It can help deal with the problem of culture differences． 42. "Return the favor"in the passage probably means___． A. inviting you for dinner B. visiting your historic college in return C. sharing favorite videos D providing you with some good advice． 【答案】39. C 40. D 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了初到牛津大学留学时要注意的情况。首先需要找辆自行车、建立银行账户、让电脑和手机可以用、找公寓、了解学校等。要参加大学入学典礼才算被正式录取。介绍情况的课程可以给你提供有关在英国生活和学习的实用信息，也可以到网站上作进一步了解。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。第一段Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike ….setting up a bank account, getting their computer and mobile phone working, finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize可知，我们的学生到达后做的第一件事包括找一辆自行车……建立一个银行账户，让他们的电脑和手机工作，找到他们的部门，了解他们的大学，找出最好的社交场所，所以只有to go to the Sheldonian Theatre 没有包括在内的，故选C项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Matriculation is held …. and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university可知,只有当学生经历了大学入学典礼之后,才能够正式被录取。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段 Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in UK and introduce you to other graduate students from for all over the world..可知,在介绍情况日那一天，一整天的课程将为您提供有关在英国生活和学习的实用信息，并向您介绍其他毕业生。所以为什么新生入学培训对国际学生很重要是因为它提供关于生活和学习的实用信息。故选B项。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段 On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner，and then they may return the favor可知，有些时候，你可以邀请其他大学的学生到自己学校吃饭，然后他们会回请。这样就可以了解很多大学的情况。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，“ return the favor”在文章中的意思是邀请你吃饭。故选A项。 (C) In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we’ve come up with various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won’t be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible-- and mostly wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don’t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools, On two measures- professors’ feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is considered at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a school’s average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke (偶然). A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it’s not the only indicator and its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not life’s only competition. In the next competition--the job market and graduate school-the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn’t. So, parents, lighten up. The stakes (风险) have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize (合理化) our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints. 43. Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars? A. They have the final say in which university their children are to attend. B. They know best which universities are most suitable for their children. C. They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves. D. They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application. 44. What does the author mean by “kids count more than their colleges” Line 1, para.4? A. Continuing education is more important to a person’s success. B. Kids’ actual abilities are more important than their college background. C. A person’s happiness should be valued more than their education. D. What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements. 45. What does Krueger’s study tell us? A. Getting into Ph.D. programs may be more competitive than getting into college. B. Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores. C. Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation. D. Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs. 46. According to the passage, one possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that ________. A. they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation B. they earn less than their peers from other institutions C. they turn out to be less competitive in the job market D. they overemphasize their qualifications in job application 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕大学录取战争中的家长行为、名校崇拜的现象及其背后的真相展开论述，对这一现象进行了深入的分析和批判，并给出了作者自己的建议和看法。 43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice.(在大学录取这场战役中，我们家长才是真正的战士。我们催促孩子取得好成绩，参加SAT备考课程，并打造简历，以便他们能进入我们首选的大学。)”以及“We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them.(我们把孩子的大学背景视为一个奖品，证明我们把他们培养得有多好。但我们不愿承认，我们的痴迷更多是关于我们自己，而不是他们。)”可知，家长比孩子更关心他们上哪所大学，因此成为了这场“战争”中的真正战士。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据该句下文“Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it’s not the only indicator and its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not life’s only competition. In the next competition — the job market and graduate school — the results may change.(进入耶鲁可能代表着智慧、才华和雄心壮志。但这并不是唯一的指标，而且其重要性正在下降。原因是，很多类似的人都去了其他学校。进入大学并不是人生中的唯一竞争。在接下来的竞争——就业市场和研究生院中——结果可能会发生变化。)”可知，进入好的大学确实很重要，但是步入社会后，实际能力可能更重要。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn’t.(普林斯顿大学经济学家Alan Krueger研究了一个顶尖博士项目的录取情况。高分GRE成绩有助于解释谁能被录取；而名校学位则没有这种作用。)”可知，Krueger的研究发现，对于申请顶尖法学院的学生来说，本科学校的名气并没有像人们普遍认为的那样重要，即使本科是名校，也不能保证进入研究生项目。故选D。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.(我们对孩子强加的雄心可能会让他们中的一些人进入哈佛大学，但也可能让他们为失望埋下伏笔。一项研究发现，在其他条件相同的情况下，高度选择性学校的毕业生对工作的满意度更低。他们可能已经习惯了处于顶尖地位，因此任何低于这一标准的结果都会让他们感到失望。)”可知，家长对孩子进入名校的过度关注可能导致孩子没有真正准备好面对现实世界，从而可能在毕业后对工作和职业有更多的不满。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ____47____ In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. ____48____ They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ____49____ And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ___50___ That kind of strategy must come from the top. A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong. D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F. They encouraged new ways of thinking. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕速度展开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区分了operational speed（操作速度）与strategic speed（战略速度），强调了适当时间采取战略速度的重要性。 【47题详解】 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻找加快速度的方法。故D项Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合此处语境。故D选项正确。 【48题详解】 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文What’s more, the firms that“slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司改善了他们的最高和最低收入，在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。故A项How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?（他们是如何违反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，却表现得更好的呢？）符合此处语境。故A选项正确。 【49题详解】 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文They became more open to ideas and discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.可知，他们对思想和讨论变得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。故F项They encouraged new ways of thinking（他们鼓励新的思维方式）符合此处语境。故F选项正确。 【50题详解】 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ___4___ 及下文That kind of strategy must come from the top.可知，战略速度是一种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。故B项Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.（那些经常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标）符合此处语境。故B选项正确。 第II卷 I. Summary 51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. While there’s no doubt that school is important, a number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more so. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement-checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. So parents matter. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remain strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】According to a study, parental involvement matters in improving children’ academic performance. What they should do is to talk with children. First, two-way conversations between children and parents should be encouraged, which makes children think their thoughts are valued. Second, the content of talk matters. During the talk, parents and children interact with each other academically, thus impacting school achievement. (60 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，根据一项研究，父母的参与对提高孩子的学习成绩很重要。他们应该做的是和孩子们交谈。首先，应该鼓励孩子和父母之间的双向对话，这让孩子们认为他们的想法是被重视的。第二，谈话的内容很重要。在谈话中，家长和孩子在学业上相互交流，从而影响学习成绩。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement-checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home - has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. ②What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. ③But not just any talk. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. ④The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. ⑤While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remain strong. 2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、4、5几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 According to one study, parental involvement is important for improving a child’s academic performance. What they should do is talk to the children. First, two-way dialogue between children and parents should be encouraged, which makes children think that their ideas are valued. Second, the content of the conversation matters. In conversation, parents and children communicate academically with each other, thus affecting academic performance. 【点睛】[高分句型1] What they should do is to talk with children.(运用了what引导的主语从句) [高分句型2]First, two-way conversations between children and parents should be encouraged, which makes children think their thoughts are valued. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句) II. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 意识到犯了大错，我马上向在场所有的人表达了诚挚的歉意。（present）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Realizing that I had made a serious mistake, I made a sincere apology to the people present. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和固定短语。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“向某人真诚道歉”用make a sincere apology to sb.，其中形容词sincere“诚挚的”作前置定语，修饰名词apology，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“人们”用people，作to的宾语。表示“在场的”用形容词present，作后置定语，修饰people。表示“意识到”用realize，与I为主动关系，用现在分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“我犯了大错”用宾语从句，从句中：用I作主语；表示“犯了大错”用make a serious mistake，本句描述道歉之前的动作，故时态用过去完成时，其中形容词serious“严重的”作前置定语，修饰名词mistake。故翻译为Realizing that I had made a serious mistake, I made a sincere apology to the people present. 53. 这款新药对感染了这种病毒的病人是否有效尚不知晓。(remain) （汉译英） 【答案】Whether the new medicine will have any effect on the patients (who are) infected by this (kind of) virus remains unknown. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句和非谓语动词。“这款新药”表达为the new medicine，“对…有效”表达为have an effect on，“感染了这种病毒的病人”，可用名词后跟一个过去分词做定语，表示被感染，故表达为the patients infected by this virus（也可以名词后跟一个定语从句，表达为the patients who are infected by this virus），“不知晓”可表达为unknown。根据所给词remain，为系动词，意为“依旧是，仍然是…”可知，后可跟形容词unknown做表语。主语就为whether引导的主语从句，根据“是否有效尚未知晓”可知，要用一般将来时。故句子翻译为：Whether the new medicine will have any effect on the patients (who are) infected by this (kind of) virus remains unknown。 54. 对语言学习者来说，接触英文材料并养成好的习惯能提高学习成果。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For language learners, being exposed to English materials and developing good habits can enhance learning efficiency. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语，非谓语动词、名词。表示“对于”用介词for，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“语言学习者”用language learner，语言学习者不止一个，用复数形式，作For的宾语。表示“接触”用be exposed to，作主语，用动名词形式，其中to为介词。表示“英文材料”用English material，通常用复数形式表示泛指，作to的宾语。表示“养成好的习惯”用develop good habits，用动名词，与being exposed to English materials并列，用连词and连接，其中好习惯不止一种，用habit“习惯”的复数。表示“能”用情态动词can，表示“提高”用enhance，位于can后，用动词原形。表示“学习成果”用learning efficiency，作can enhance的宾语。故翻译为For language learners, being exposed to English materials and developing good habits can enhance learning efficiency. 55. 迄今虽说屡屡采取严控措施，但绝大多数人仍然觉得难以承担目前高房价。 (majority) 【答案】Although it is said that serious measures have been taken for many times up till now a large majority of people still find it hard to afford the high housing price. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句和固定句式。根据句意可知本句用although引导让步状语从句。表示“虽说”可用句型it is said that…，表示“迄今”为up till now，为时间状语，根据时间状语，表示“采取严控措施”用现在完成时，表示发生在过去并对现在产生影响，可用被动句型翻译为serious measures have been taken，表示“屡屡”为for many times；主句用句型“find it+hard+to do”表示“发现很难……”，描述现状用一般现在时，主语“绝大多数人”表示为a large majority of people，表示“难以承担目前的高房价”为不定式短语 to afford the high housing price。结合其他所给汉语，故翻译为：Although it is said that serious measures have been taken for many times up till now a large majority of people still find it hard to afford the high housing price. III. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启示写一封申请信。 启示：国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。有意者请来信告知。 信中请包括： 1. 你个人基本情况 2. 你对申请项目具体设想 3. 项目经费使用情况 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Sirs, I’m Li Ming, a student from Ming Qi Middle School of Shanghai. As I’ve always been interested in charity, I’m writing to you in the hope that I could be given the 2, 000 yuan fund to carry out my project to help children in poverty-stricken areas. My poverty-relief program is divided into three parts. In the initial stage, I’ll try to purchase textbooks for subjects such as English and Maths. Given that new books are usually expensive, I’ll be on the look-out for good-quality second-hand books. The second stage of my program is to recruit high school students who have a strong desire to help pupils in poor areas. Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge to be qualified teachers. Lastly, we will set out for primary schools, which are selected and contacted in advance, to carry out our program. As to how to allocate the money, I’d like to use 1, 000 for textbooks, and the rest to pay for the travelling fee of volunteers. I am looking forward to your reply, thanks! Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封申请信，申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。 【详解】1.词汇积累 开始的，最初的：initial → original 昂贵的：expensive → costly 渴望，意愿：desire → willingness 动身去某地：set out for sp.→ leave for sp. 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge to be qualified teachers. 拓展句：Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge so that they can be qualified teachers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The second stage of my program is to recruit high school students who have a strong desire to help pupils in poor areas. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Lastly, we will set out for primary schools, which are selected and contacted in advance, to carry out our program. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$