话题09 航天航空与宇宙探索-2025年中考英语时文热点话题题型组合练（全国通用）

中考英语热点话题09 航天航空与宇宙探索 （语法选择1+完形填空2++阅读理解5+阅读还原2+短文填空4+读写综合1） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 语法选择 主要讲述了神州18号载人飞船指令长叶光富通过努力付出实现梦想的故事。 适中 2 完形填空01 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了单词“Taikonaut” 的由来及中国航天事业的发展史。 适中 3 完形填空02 讲述了一个15岁的香港学生给航天员写信，以及宇航员陈冬的回信。 适中 4 阅读理解A 主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 适中 5 阅读理解B 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。 较难 6 阅读理解C 主要介绍了土星环形成的原因，根据科学家的研究，土星环正在消失，这个美丽的星球将失去它的光环。 较难 7 阅读理解D 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 适中 8 阅读理解E 本文主要讲述了澳大利亚的科学家们正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。 较难 9 阅读还原01 本文主要讲述了文昌卫星发射基地的参观指南及建议。 适中 10 阅读还原02 本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。 适中 11 语法填空01 本文介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任务、行程等。 适中 12 语法填空02 本文讲述了中国载人航天工程代表团走进香港和澳门，与学生进行深入交流。 适中 13 首字母填空 本文介绍了今年即将发射嫦娥六号，同时介绍了嫦娥五号的任务，以及中国在航天上取得的成就。 较难 14 选词填空 本文主要介绍了长征六号甲火箭的情况，介绍了它的发射目的、任务以及给中国航天事业带来的帮助。 困难 15 读写综合 回答问题：本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了宇航员邓清明的事迹和经历。 书面表达：以“How to achieve my dream”为主题，写一篇发言稿。 较难 题型一 语法选择 （2024·广东湛江·二模） On April 25, 2024, China successfully sent the Shenzhou-18 spaceship with astronauts on board. This marked 1 great milestone (里程碑) in China’s space exploration efforts. Commanding the mission (任务) was Ye Guangfu, an astronaut 2 rich experience and leadership skills. Ye grew up in 3 small village in Sichuan. He 4 deeply by the strength of his mother, who took on the responsibility of raising Ye and his sister after their father passed away early. Ye recalled 5 hard it was for his family to make enough money, even just 50 yuan, for him to try out to become an air force pilot. 6 the journey didn’t start smoothly, his love for flying and hard work got him into the Air Force Aviation University of China. This decision changed his life. In 2009, Ye decided to reach even 7 and applied to be an astronaut. The journey wasn’t easy. He had to go through tough training, like surviving (生存) in the wild for 48 hours. He even 8 in caves in Europe where he had to find his way through dark, wet caves. This made him the best Chinese person 9 this training. Becoming an astronaut, one must face many challenges and disappointment. But Ye never gave up on his dream. Ye said 10 he was thankful for all the difficult times because they helped him keep going and stick to his dreams. 1．A．other B．others C．another 2．A．in B．with C．without 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．inspired B．was inspired C．is inspired 5．A．how B．what C．what a 6．A．Because B．When C．Although 7．A．high B．higher C．highest 8．A．trains B．will train C．trained 9．A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 10．A．that B．whether C．where 二、完形填空 01（2024·陕西西安·一模） Do you know what the word “Taikonaut” means? Compared with the word “astronaut”, we find both of the two 1 have the same last five letters. It has a relationship with the word “astronaut”. “Taikonaut” is made up of “taikong” and “astronaut”. It means “Chinese astronaut”. It was 2 by a Malaysian Chinese called Zhao Liyu. In Western countries, there was a word “astronaut”,   3 in Russia, there was a word “cosmonaut”. So he thought that China should have her 4 word to call astronauts. The using of the word “taikonaut” shows that China’s space industry is developing 5 , and has a place in the world. In Nov. 1999, China sent Shenzhou-1 successfully. In Oct. 2003, China’s first taikonaut Yang Liwei returned from 6 safely. On Oct. 16, 2021, the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务) sent three taikonauts to the space station for a six-month stay. And China 7 the building of its space station in 2023. On Feb. 15th 2022, Wang Yaping, one of the taikonauts on China’s space station offered people on Earth a zero-gravity (失重状态) musical performance to 8 the Lantern, Festival. The video of the performance received much enthusiasm (热情) after it was shared online. They also sent the best wishes to 9 at the Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve 10 , win friendship and get your best Olympic experience. ” 1．A．books B．words C．songs D．answers 2．A．invented B．accepted C．borrowed D．changed 3．A．if B．because C．and D．so 4．A．similar B．own C．famous D．lucky 5．A．quickly B．hardly C．politely D．heavily 6．A．hospital B．space C．museum D．restaurant 7．A．described B．saved C．checked D．completed 8．A．discover B．order C．celebrate D．review 9．A．players B．parents C．students D．friends 10．A．news B．advice C．information D．success 02（2024·江西景德镇·二模） 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 1．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 2．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 3．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 4．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 5．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 6．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 7．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 8．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 9．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 10．A．when B．where C．why D．how 11．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 12．A．his B．their C．our D．your 13．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 14．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．Advised 15．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 三、阅读理解 A（2024·内蒙古·中考真题） What would it be like to live on Mars? The movie The Martian has given us some answers. It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room. He wears a spacesuit when he is outside his “home”. However, Mark has to face many difficulties, such as dust storms. In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute. There is bad radiation (辐射) and dust storms. So people would most likely live in underground homes. If technology improves, more people and construction (建筑) materials may be sent to Mars. Only then could people build houses on the surface. And life would start to look like that on Earth. On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing. How can people move around Mars? People have suggested cars, bikes, trains, cable cars and planes. However, there are no official plans saying exactly what humans will use. 1．What does Mark do to live on Mars? A．He grows potatoes. B．He builds a special house. C．He lives in a special room. D．He makes himself a spacesuit. 2．A man would only live for ________ seconds at most on Mars without a spacesuit. A．20 B．30 C．40 D．50 3．What does the underlined word “oxygen” mean in Chinese? A．气味 B．营养 C．氧气 D．水分 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．It won’t be easy to grow vegetables on Mars. B．People won’t have to worry about dust storms on Mars. C．People can never build houses on the surface of Mars. D．Humans will use cable cars to move around Mars. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Mark—a great astronaut B．Transportation in the future C．The Martian—a wonderful movie D．Some ideas about the life on Mars B（2024·江苏扬州·一模） How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 1．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 2．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 3．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 4．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. C（2024·广东深圳·三模） Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 1．Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A．Because it has huge bright rings. B．Because it is shining most strongly. C．Because it is especially studied by scientists. D．Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 2．What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A．Sand and rock. B．Small moons. C．Ice and rock. D．Small planets. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B．The ring matter is being thrown into space. C．The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D．The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Every planet has a ring system. B．Some planets used to have huge rings. C．Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D．We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how Saturn slowly formed. B．To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C．To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D．To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. D（2024·湖北·中考真题） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. E（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模） Five universities in Australia have worked with the US space agency NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, NASA is planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. It wants to set up a space station for years on the Moon, which would mean having to keep astronauts happy with healthy and delicious meals for long periods. For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals. Scientists have tried many ways to make it last longer. However, scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can store more kinds of food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet. Getting bored is a problem because if they can’t face their meals, they might end up eating less. A team at Australia’s University of Melbourne is using robots to grow food. These “farmbots” can plant seeds, keep the plants watered as they grow and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The farmbots can also take a look at temperature and growth. The farmbots have “E-noses”, which can quickly know the smells given off by the plants. Used with sensors (传感器) in the soil, the technology can work out what the plants need. So far, leafy greens like basil, kale and lettuce have been the easiest vegetables to grow. The team have also been testing the effect the foods might have on humans in space, where there is little or no gravity (引力). As they eat in this position, people’s physical and emotional results are recorded. The scientists want to make the plant grow automatically (自动化) on space tasks. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told the newspaper that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed. 1．According to the passage, what’s the main problem for astronauts in space? A．They always feel lonely. B．They couldn’t have fresh food. C．They don’t have enough medicine. D．They find it hard to live with no gravity. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．a farmbot B．a smart fridge C．space food D．space station 3．A team at Australia’s University of Melbourne is using “farmbots” to ________. ① plant seeds ② water the plants ③ cook the plants ④ harvest the plants A．① ② B．① ② ③ C．① ② ④ D．① ② ③ ④ 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To give information about space travel. B．To share news about landing on the Moon. C．To describe a new robot working in the space station. D．To introduce the idea of growing fresh food in space. 四、阅读还原 01（2024·海南·中考真题） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A Guide to Visiting Wenchang Satellite Launch Base (文昌卫星发射基地) Are you ready to start an exciting visit to one of China’s space launch bases? If yes, let’s explore Wenchang Satellite Launch Base! Ways to Get There Wenchang is on the northeastern coast of Hainan island. First, you can fly to Haikou if you start from a place out of Hainan. 1 The journey from Haikou to the launch base takes about an hour and a half. Things to See At the launch base, you will see a huge launch pad (发射台). There are also viewing areas where you can watch the launch with other visitors. 2 You can take some photos at this fantastic moment! 3 The best time to visit the launch base is during a rocket (火箭) launch. Check the website for launch dates. Plan your trip around these dates. Make sure you don’t miss the excitement! Advice for Your Visit ◆Bring a hat and sunglasses. The weather can be quite hot in Hainan. ◆Have a camera ready to take amazing pictures of rockets. ◆Listen to the guides and follow the safety rules. 4 . ◆If you’re visiting on a launch day, arrive early to get a good place in the viewing area. ◆Watching a rocket launch at Wenchang Satellite Launch Base is an amazing experience that you wilt remember forever. It’s a must-see for anyone who dreams of exploring space. 5 A．Then take a bus or a car to the launch base. B．Safety is the most important thing. C．Don’t forget to bring your camera. D．So, what are you waiting for? E．Best Time to Visit F．Things to Buy 02 （2024·贵州遵义·三模） Every year on April 24, it’s Space Day of China. It’s a day to celebrate the country’s growth in space exploration. The manned space missions (载人航天任务) are a big part of it. 1 . What problems do astronauts face? In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity (重力) there, which affects their bodies. 2 What’s more, if something goes wrong on their mission all of a sudden, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure. That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space. 3 “To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, over 200 kinds of training are set,” said Huang Weifen, the chief designer of the project. 4 So before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years. 5 This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space. Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits (潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. She said that it was quite hard. For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise. A．How are astronauts trained? B．What is the weightless feeling? C．Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. D．Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. E．One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. F．These include not only physical training but also some basic science training. 五、短文填空 01（2024·四川达州·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，在文章空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship has been successfully launched (发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It marks China’s 32nd manned flight into space. At 8: 59 p. m. on April 25, 2024, it 1 (send) three astronauts and nearly 100 experimental boxes (实验柜) to the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts 2 (be) Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. They were all born in the 1980s. Ye was one of the 3 (member) of the Shenzhou-l3 mission (任务) from October 2021 4 April 2022. This time, he works as the 5 (lead) of the three astronauts. Both Li Cong 6 Li Guangsu are newcomers to space. During 7 (they) time in space, they will care for the space station to make sure it can work 8 (safe). They will do over 90 experiments. A fish 9 (call) “the 4th member of Shenzhou-18” will be used for an experimental project. The Shenzhou-18 astronauts are planned to return to 10 earth in late October this year. So they will spend about six months on the space station. 02（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题） Fill in the blanks with the grammatical knowledge according to the passage. A group of Chinese astronauts visited Hong Kong and Macao in China. They met with young people there and encouraged 1 (they) to have a dream of space exploration (探索). During the visit, the group of Chinese astronauts went to many middle schools 2 two universities in Hong Kong. They also gave a talk in Macao and met 3 (thousand) of students in both places. “The Chinese space station is 4 a home for the motherland in space,” Chen Dong said. He is one of 5 Shenzhou-14 astronauts. He hopes that he 6 (see) people from Hong Kong and Macao in the Chinese space station in the future. During a special show, Shum, a Hong Kong middle school student, felt really 7 (excite) to meet the astronauts. She thinks that the astronauts 8 (be) true heroes. “I am proud of our country and this makes me even 9 (interested) in space,” Shum said. “The visit is special and important for students,”the chief executive of the Macao SAR (澳门特别行政区行政长官) said. He thinks that China has taken the education of science and technology 10 (serious). The visit to Hong Kong and Macao was really successful. 03（2024·江苏盐城·一模） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 The Chang’e-6 will be launched (发射) this year. And it will c 1 samples (样本) from the far side of the moon. This is a b 2 challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. And they will be sure to become the p 3 of Chinese people. On December 17, 2020, Chang’e 5 r 4 to Earth with 1,731 grams of lunar samples. The scientists discovered the new mineral w 5 they were studying the samples. And the new mineral was n 6 “Changesite-( Y )”. Changesite-(Y) is the sixth new mineral discovered on the moon by h 7 . China has become the t 8 country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union. This is a great a 9 China has made in the field of space science. And it is also a successful cooperation b 10 nuclear (原子能的) and aerospace fields. According to a white paper, China will continue its lunar exploration with the future Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 missions. 04（2024·陕西西安·二模） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） exact purpose include important provide difference country it survey(v.)  send “On March 27th, at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province, China successfully launched (发射) a Long March 6A carrier rocket. The 1 of this launch is to send Yunhai 3B satellite (人造卫星) into its orbit (轨道),” according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. The task for the satellite is to 2 the air, ocean and space environments. If the task is finished successfully, it will 3 data to help carry out some scientific research. Both of the satellite and rocket were designed and built by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. So far, China has already 4 a number of Yunhai-series multifunctional satellites in space via several launches. The Long March 6A carrier rocket 5 a 50-meter, liquid-powered center booster (推进器) and four side boosters. And the center booster has 6 own power system. With a launch weight of 530 metric tons, the rocket is mainly given the task to send satellites to 7 types of orbit, including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit. This launch is the 8 14th space task this year and the 514th flight of the Long March rocket family. The Long March rocket family is very 9 to China’s space industry. Moreover, it was said that about 100 rocket launches was 10 put into plan in 2024. 六、读写综合 （2024·广东汕头·二模）After serving as a backup crew (后备机组) member for 25 years, Chinese astronaut Deng Qingming finally achieved his dream to be a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew. Deng, 57 years old, was not known by many people until China launched the Shenzhou XIII spaceship in October 2022. The story of the veteran (老兵) who stuck to his space dream for many years moved many people. Born in a farming family in East China’s Jiangxi Province, Deng has four younger brothers and sisters. As an excellent student, Deng was chosen with another 13 pilots in the PLA Air Force’s selection of astronaut candidates (候选人) in 1996. The 14 pilots became the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division (中国人民解放军航天员大队) in January 1998. In the following years, Deng spent almost all of his time training. He tried hard for every chance to fly into space. No matter how difficult the road to space flight is, Deng never once thought of giving up. He was awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 2018. Space is far away, but the dream is very close. More than 7,000 days and nights of hard work, Deng Qingming’s spirit has encouraged many people. 1．How long has Deng Qingming served as a backup crew member? 2．Was Deng Qingming well ­known or unknown by many people before becoming a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew? 3．Where was Deng Qingming born? 4．When did Deng become one of the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division? 5．What has encouraged many people? 6．书面表达 请根据要求完成短文写作，并将作文写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 实现中华民族伟大复兴是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。在过去的一年里涌现出了很多为了梦想拼搏奋斗的人物，如中国首批航天员邓清明，坚持不懈地追求并实现自己的太空梦想。作为一名即将毕业的中学生，你有什么梦想呢？请你根据以下的内容提示，以“How to achieve my dream”为主题，写一篇发言稿。内容包括： (1)你的梦想是什么；(2)你将如何努力实现梦想(至少三点)；(3)你的感想。 作文要求： (1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和考生的真实姓名。 (2)语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄写在答题卡上。 Hello, everyone! I’d like to share my ideas about how to achieve my dream. That’s all. Thank you. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中考英语热点话题09 航天航空与宇宙探索 （语法选择1+完形填空2++阅读理解5+阅读还原2+短文填空4+读写综合1） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 语法选择 主要讲述了神州18号载人飞船指令长叶光富通过努力付出实现梦想的故事。 适中 2 完形填空01 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了单词“Taikonaut” 的由来及中国航天事业的发展史。 适中 3 完形填空02 讲述了一个15岁的香港学生给航天员写信，以及宇航员陈冬的回信。 适中 4 阅读理解A 主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 适中 5 阅读理解B 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。 较难 6 阅读理解C 主要介绍了土星环形成的原因，根据科学家的研究，土星环正在消失，这个美丽的星球将失去它的光环。 较难 7 阅读理解D 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 适中 8 阅读理解E 本文主要讲述了澳大利亚的科学家们正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。 较难 9 阅读还原01 本文主要讲述了文昌卫星发射基地的参观指南及建议。 适中 10 阅读还原02 本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。 适中 11 语法填空01 本文介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任务、行程等。 适中 12 语法填空02 本文讲述了中国载人航天工程代表团走进香港和澳门，与学生进行深入交流。 适中 13 首字母填空 本文介绍了今年即将发射嫦娥六号，同时介绍了嫦娥五号的任务，以及中国在航天上取得的成就。 较难 14 选词填空 本文主要介绍了长征六号甲火箭的情况，介绍了它的发射目的、任务以及给中国航天事业带来的帮助。 困难 15 读写综合 回答问题：本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了宇航员邓清明的事迹和经历。 书面表达：以“How to achieve my dream”为主题，写一篇发言稿。 较难 题型一 语法选择 （2024·广东湛江·二模） On April 25, 2024, China successfully sent the Shenzhou-18 spaceship with astronauts on board. This marked 1 great milestone (里程碑) in China’s space exploration efforts. Commanding the mission (任务) was Ye Guangfu, an astronaut 2 rich experience and leadership skills. Ye grew up in 3 small village in Sichuan. He 4 deeply by the strength of his mother, who took on the responsibility of raising Ye and his sister after their father passed away early. Ye recalled 5 hard it was for his family to make enough money, even just 50 yuan, for him to try out to become an air force pilot. 6 the journey didn’t start smoothly, his love for flying and hard work got him into the Air Force Aviation University of China. This decision changed his life. In 2009, Ye decided to reach even 7 and applied to be an astronaut. The journey wasn’t easy. He had to go through tough training, like surviving (生存) in the wild for 48 hours. He even 8 in caves in Europe where he had to find his way through dark, wet caves. This made him the best Chinese person 9 this training. Becoming an astronaut, one must face many challenges and disappointment. But Ye never gave up on his dream. Ye said 10 he was thankful for all the difficult times because they helped him keep going and stick to his dreams. 1．A．other B．others C．another 2．A．in B．with C．without 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．inspired B．was inspired C．is inspired 5．A．how B．what C．what a 6．A．Because B．When C．Although 7．A．high B．higher C．highest 8．A．trains B．will train C．trained 9．A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 10．A．that B．whether C．where 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了神州18号载人飞船指令长叶光富通过努力付出实现梦想的故事。 1．句意：这标志着中国太空探索事业的又一个伟大里程碑。 other其他的；others其他人；another再一，又一。根据“This marked...great milestone (里程碑) in China’s space exploration efforts”可知，这里指标志着中国太空探索事业的又一个伟大里程碑，故选C。 2．句意：指挥这次任务的是叶光富，他是一位经验丰富、具有领导才能的宇航员。 in在……里；with带有，具有；without没有。根据“rich experience and leadership skills”可知，这里指具有领导才能的宇航员，故选B。 3．句意：叶在四川的一个小村庄长大。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用在元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。此处表泛指，指一个小村庄，small以辅音音素开头，所以要不定冠词a，故选A。 4．句意：母亲的力量深深地激励着他，在父亲早逝后，母亲承担起了抚养叶和妹妹的责任。 inspired激励，一般过去时；was inspired一般过去时被动语态；is inspired一般现在时被动语态。根据“by the strength of his mother”可知，主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，该句描述过去发生的事情，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 5．句意：叶回忆说，他的家人很难赚到足够的钱，甚至只有50元，让他尝试成为一名空军飞行员。 how多么，修饰形容词或副词；what多么，修饰名词复数或不可数名词；what a修饰单数名词。此处修饰副词hard，所以应用how，故选A。 6．句意：尽管旅程开始并不顺利，但他对飞行的热爱和勤奋使他进入了中国人民解放军空军航空大学。 Because因为；When当……时候；Although尽管。分析句子，前后句是让步关系，所以用Although引导让步状语从句，故选C。 7．句意：2009年，叶决定更上一层楼，申请成为一名宇航员。 high高的；higher更高；highest最高。even修饰比较级，故选B。 8．句意：他甚至在欧洲的洞穴里训练，在那里他必须找到穿过黑暗潮湿的洞穴的路。 trains训练，一般现在时；will train一般将来时；trained一般过去时。根据“In 2009, Ye decided to reach even...and applied to be an astronaut. The journey wasn’t easy. He had to...”可知，该句为一般过去时，故选C。 9．句意：这使他成为完成这项训练的最好的中国人。 finish完成，动词原形；finishing动名词/现在分词；to finish动词不定式。根据“the best Chinese person...this training”可知，这里指完成这项训练的最好的中国人，此处应用动词不定式作定语，故选C。 10．句意：叶说，他感谢所有的困难时期，因为它们帮助他继续前进，坚持他的梦想。 that引导宾语从句无实义；whether是否；where哪里。分析句子，从句“he was thankful for all the difficult times”不缺少成分，应用that引导宾语从句，故选A。 二、完形填空 01（2024·陕西西安·一模） Do you know what the word “Taikonaut” means? Compared with the word “astronaut”, we find both of the two 1 have the same last five letters. It has a relationship with the word “astronaut”. “Taikonaut” is made up of “taikong” and “astronaut”. It means “Chinese astronaut”. It was 2 by a Malaysian Chinese called Zhao Liyu. In Western countries, there was a word “astronaut”,   3 in Russia, there was a word “cosmonaut”. So he thought that China should have her 4 word to call astronauts. The using of the word “taikonaut” shows that China’s space industry is developing 5 , and has a place in the world. In Nov. 1999, China sent Shenzhou-1 successfully. In Oct. 2003, China’s first taikonaut Yang Liwei returned from 6 safely. On Oct. 16, 2021, the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务) sent three taikonauts to the space station for a six-month stay. And China 7 the building of its space station in 2023. On Feb. 15th 2022, Wang Yaping, one of the taikonauts on China’s space station offered people on Earth a zero-gravity (失重状态) musical performance to 8 the Lantern, Festival. The video of the performance received much enthusiasm (热情) after it was shared online. They also sent the best wishes to 9 at the Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve 10 , win friendship and get your best Olympic experience. ” 1．A．books B．words C．songs D．answers 2．A．invented B．accepted C．borrowed D．changed 3．A．if B．because C．and D．so 4．A．similar B．own C．famous D．lucky 5．A．quickly B．hardly C．politely D．heavily 6．A．hospital B．space C．museum D．restaurant 7．A．described B．saved C．checked D．completed 8．A．discover B．order C．celebrate D．review 9．A．players B．parents C．students D．friends 10．A．news B．advice C．information D．success 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了单词“Taikonaut” 的由来及中国航天事业的发展史。 1．句意：相比于单词“astronaut”，我们发现这两个单词的最后五个字母是相同的。 books书籍；words单词；songs歌曲；answers答案。对比这两个单词“ Taikonaut”和“astronaut”，它们最后的五个字母是相同的。可知此处应是两个单词。故选B。 2．句意：它是由一位叫做赵立宇的马来西亚华人发明的。 invented发明；accepted接受；borrowed借用；changed改变。根据上文可知，“Taikonaut” 是由“taikong”和“astronaut”构成的，应是这位华人发明出来的词语。故选A。 3．句意：在西方国家，有个单词是“astronaut”，并且在俄罗斯，有个单词是“cosmonaut”。 if如果；because因为；and并且；so所以。根据下文“So he thought that China should have her own word to call astronauts.”可知，西方国家和俄罗斯都有自己对于宇航员的称呼，此处应表示并列。故选C。 4．句意：所以他认为中国应该有自己的单词来称呼宇航员。 similar相似的；own自己的；famous出名的；lucky幸运的。根据“He thought that in Western countries, there was a word ‘astronaut’...word to call astronauts. ”可知，他认为西方国家和俄罗斯都有自己的单词来称呼宇航员，中国也应该有自己对宇航员的称呼。故选B。 5．句意：“taikonaut”这个单词的使用展示了中国航天工业正在快速发展，并且在世界上占有一席之地。 quickly快速地；hardly几乎不；politely礼貌地；heavily沉重地。此处需填副词修饰发展，quickly搭配develop最符合语境，表示快速发展。故选A。 6．句意：在2003年10月，第一位中国宇航员杨利伟安全从太空返回。 hospital医院；space太空；museum博物馆；restaurant饭馆。根据“taikonaut”可知，杨利伟是宇航员，应是从太空返回。故选B。 7．句意：并且中国在2023年建成了它的太空站。 described描述；saved保存；checked检查；completed使完整。此处需填动词搭配building，complete the building意为“建筑建成”，符合语境。故选D。 8．句意：2022年2月15日，中国空间站上的宇航员之一王亚平为地球上的人们提供了失重状态下庆祝元宵节的音乐表演。 discover探索；order预定；celebrate庆祝；review复习。根据“the Lantern Festival”可知，元宵节为中国传统佳节，这场表演是庆祝节日的。故选C。 9．句意：他们也给在北京冬奥会的运动员们送去最好的祝福。 players运动员；parents父母；students学生；friends朋友。根据“Beijing Winter Olympics”可知，在冬奥会的应该是运动员。故选A。 10．句意：我们希望你们所有人能够取得成功，赢得友谊并获得最棒的奥林匹克经历。 news新闻；advice建议；information信息；success成功。根据“achieve”可知，应搭配“success”意为“取得成功”，符合语境。故选D。 02（2024·江西景德镇·二模） 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 1．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 2．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 3．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 4．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 5．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 6．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 7．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 8．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 9．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 10．A．when B．where C．why D．how 11．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 12．A．his B．their C．our D．your 13．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 14．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．Advised 15．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文讲述了一个15岁的香港学生给航天员写信，以及宇航员陈冬的回信。 1．句意：收到这些信件的美妙之处无法用语言形容。 report报道；beauty美丽；message消息；kindness善良。根据“the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal”可知收到笔友的信是激动的，因此是美妙的感觉，故选B。 2．句意：当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。 thought about思考；cared about关心；talked about谈论；learned about了解。根据“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。故选D。 3．句意：当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。 astronauts宇航员；writers作家；parents父母；teachers教师。根据“Tiangong”可知是天宫太空站，所以是写给宇航员。故选A。 4．句意：在她的信中，她详细描述了自己计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。 vacation假期；journey行程；race比赛；interview采访。根据“toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development”可知是指计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻行程，故选B。 5．句意：陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动。 purpose目的；chance机会；decision决定；notice通知。根据“to write the letter was more than just an impulse”可知是指写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动，故选C。 6．句意：她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。 habit习惯；style风格；story故事；interest兴趣。根据“in space had begun at the age of six”以及结合空后的介词in，可知是对太空感兴趣，故选D。 7．句意：她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。 when当……时；as long as只要；as soon as一……就；as far as就……而言。横线后是时间状语从句，表示当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时，应用when。故选A。 8．句意：神舟十四号宇航员陈冬长达三页的回复在大约一个月后到达。 posted邮寄；left留下；arrived到达；brought带来。根据“The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong”以及后文的“The arrival of a letter from space”可知是指回复的到达，故选C。 9．句意：作为来自全国各地的参加这次活动的3万名学生中的一员，陈幸运地被选中接收回复，香港的唯一一个。 suddenly突然；luckily幸运地；widely广泛地；truly真地。根据“the only one in Hong Kong”可知是幸运的，故选B。 10．句意：为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己是如何一步步成为宇航员的。 when什么时候；where哪里；why为什么；how怎样。根据“he became an astronaut step by step”可知是指如何一步步成为宇航员的。故选D。 11．句意：他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要学科以实现目标时克服困难的技巧。 abilities能力；skills技能；subjects科目；hobbies爱好。根据横线前是物理学科，所以横线后是其他的学科。故选C。 12．句意：他希望香港青年能够追逐他们的梦想，为国家作出贡献。 his他的；their他们的；our我们的；your你们的。主语是“young Hong Kong people”，因此对应的应是“他们的”，故选B。 13．句意：太空信件的来临，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。 proper合适的；possible可能的；fair公平的；useful有用的。根据“gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland”可知是指也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。故选A。 14．句意：我会照他在信中的建议去做。 ordered命令；promised承诺；prepared准备；advised建议。根据“He also shared his tips”可知是指建议，故选D。 15．句意：更加努力地学习和锻炼以保持健康。 find out查明；come out出版；work out锻炼身体；look out小心。根据后文“to stay healthy”保持健康，所以是锻炼身体。故选C。 三、阅读理解 A（2024·内蒙古·中考真题） What would it be like to live on Mars? The movie The Martian has given us some answers. It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room. He wears a spacesuit when he is outside his “home”. However, Mark has to face many difficulties, such as dust storms. In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute. There is bad radiation (辐射) and dust storms. So people would most likely live in underground homes. If technology improves, more people and construction (建筑) materials may be sent to Mars. Only then could people build houses on the surface. And life would start to look like that on Earth. On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing. How can people move around Mars? People have suggested cars, bikes, trains, cable cars and planes. However, there are no official plans saying exactly what humans will use. 1．What does Mark do to live on Mars? A．He grows potatoes. B．He builds a special house. C．He lives in a special room. D．He makes himself a spacesuit. 2．A man would only live for ________ seconds at most on Mars without a spacesuit. A．20 B．30 C．40 D．50 3．What does the underlined word “oxygen” mean in Chinese? A．气味 B．营养 C．氧气 D．水分 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．It won’t be easy to grow vegetables on Mars. B．People won’t have to worry about dust storms on Mars. C．People can never build houses on the surface of Mars. D．Humans will use cable cars to move around Mars. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Mark—a great astronaut B．Transportation in the future C．The Martian—a wonderful movie D．Some ideas about the life on Mars 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room.”可知马克在火星上种土豆。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute.”可知没有太空服只能生存30秒。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth.”可知横线上的单词与呼吸有关，可推测oxygen意为“氧气”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing.”可知在火星上种菜不是一件容易的事。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。故选D。 B（2024·江苏扬州·一模） How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 1．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 2．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 3．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 4．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自中国和英国的科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water ‘reservoirs’, said a recent paper.”和“It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads of glass.”可知，中国和英国的科学家发现月球上有可能含有水的玻璃珠。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,”可知，这种“水”不是液体，而是氢气的形式，可以转化为我们需要的水。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.”可知，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面带回了玻璃珠，可以证明这种玻璃珠是存在的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a ‘really big deal’ for space exploration”和“Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website.”可知，现在宇航员在空间站长期停留期间需要循环利用水，如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这对太空探索来说将是件大事，由此可推断，宇航员们日后将不必担心缺水了。故选B。 C（2024·广东深圳·三模） Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 1．Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A．Because it has huge bright rings. B．Because it is shining most strongly. C．Because it is especially studied by scientists. D．Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 2．What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A．Sand and rock. B．Small moons. C．Ice and rock. D．Small planets. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B．The ring matter is being thrown into space. C．The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D．The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Every planet has a ring system. B．Some planets used to have huge rings. C．Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D．We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how Saturn slowly formed. B．To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C．To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D．To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了土星环形成的原因，根据科学家的研究，土星环正在消失，这个美丽的星球将失去它的光环。 1．细节理解题。根据“It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest.”可知，土星漂亮是因为它有漂亮的光环。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces.”可知，光环是由冰和岩石碎片构成的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据后文“About ten tons of ‘ring matter’ is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time.”可知，后文提到了构成环的物质正在落入土星，因此土星环的物质正逐渐成为土星的一部分。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据科学家说的“Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!”可知，一些行星曾经有巨大的环。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据“According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely.”可知，本文通篇围绕土星即将消失的环展开阐述的。故选D。 D（2024·湖北·中考真题） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。 E（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模） Five universities in Australia have worked with the US space agency NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, NASA is planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. It wants to set up a space station for years on the Moon, which would mean having to keep astronauts happy with healthy and delicious meals for long periods. For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals. Scientists have tried many ways to make it last longer. However, scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can store more kinds of food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet. Getting bored is a problem because if they can’t face their meals, they might end up eating less. A team at Australia’s University of Melbourne is using robots to grow food. These “farmbots” can plant seeds, keep the plants watered as they grow and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The farmbots can also take a look at temperature and growth. The farmbots have “E-noses”, which can quickly know the smells given off by the plants. Used with sensors (传感器) in the soil, the technology can work out what the plants need. So far, leafy greens like basil, kale and lettuce have been the easiest vegetables to grow. The team have also been testing the effect the foods might have on humans in space, where there is little or no gravity (引力). As they eat in this position, people’s physical and emotional results are recorded. The scientists want to make the plant grow automatically (自动化) on space tasks. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told the newspaper that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed. 1．According to the passage, what’s the main problem for astronauts in space? A．They always feel lonely. B．They couldn’t have fresh food. C．They don’t have enough medicine. D．They find it hard to live with no gravity. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．a farmbot B．a smart fridge C．space food D．space station 3．A team at Australia’s University of Melbourne is using “farmbots” to ________. ① plant seeds ② water the plants ③ cook the plants ④ harvest the plants A．① ② B．① ② ③ C．① ② ④ D．① ② ③ ④ 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To give information about space travel. B．To share news about landing on the Moon. C．To describe a new robot working in the space station. D．To introduce the idea of growing fresh food in space. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了目前宇航员在太空都是食用即食食品，澳大利亚的科学家们正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals...However, scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space...It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet. Getting bored is a problem because if they can’t face their meals, they might end up eating less.”可知，目前，大多数太空食品都是像即食食品一样预先制作的，科学家们希望宇航员能够在太空中种植新鲜食物，这样可以防止宇航员对他们的饮食感到厌倦，感到厌倦是一个问题，因为如果他们对自己的食物感到厌倦，他们可能会吃得更少。由此推测，宇航员在太空中的主要问题是他们吃不到新鲜的食物。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals. Scientists have tried many ways to make it last longer.”可知，目前，大多数太空食品都是像即食食品一样预先制作的，科学家们已经尝试了许多方法来使它持续更长时间。由此推知，it指上文提到的space food。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“These ‘farmbots’ can plant seeds, keep the plants watered as they grow and harvest them when they are ready to eat.”可知，澳大利亚墨尔本大学的一个团队正在使用“农场机器人”来播种、给植物浇水以及收割植物。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了目前宇航员在太空都是食用即食食品，澳大利亚的科学家们正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。由此推知，作者的写作目的是介绍在太空种植新鲜食物的想法。故选D。 四、阅读还原 01（2024·海南·中考真题） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A Guide to Visiting Wenchang Satellite Launch Base (文昌卫星发射基地) Are you ready to start an exciting visit to one of China’s space launch bases? If yes, let’s explore Wenchang Satellite Launch Base! Ways to Get There Wenchang is on the northeastern coast of Hainan island. First, you can fly to Haikou if you start from a place out of Hainan. 1 The journey from Haikou to the launch base takes about an hour and a half. Things to See At the launch base, you will see a huge launch pad (发射台). There are also viewing areas where you can watch the launch with other visitors. 2 You can take some photos at this fantastic moment! 3 The best time to visit the launch base is during a rocket (火箭) launch. Check the website for launch dates. Plan your trip around these dates. Make sure you don’t miss the excitement! Advice for Your Visit ◆Bring a hat and sunglasses. The weather can be quite hot in Hainan. ◆Have a camera ready to take amazing pictures of rockets. ◆Listen to the guides and follow the safety rules. 4 . ◆If you’re visiting on a launch day, arrive early to get a good place in the viewing area. ◆Watching a rocket launch at Wenchang Satellite Launch Base is an amazing experience that you wilt remember forever. It’s a must-see for anyone who dreams of exploring space. 5 A．Then take a bus or a car to the launch base. B．Safety is the most important thing. C．Don’t forget to bring your camera. D．So, what are you waiting for? E．Best Time to Visit F．Things to Buy 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了文昌卫星发射基地的参观指南及建议。 1．根据“Ways to Get There”及“First, you can fly to Haikou if you start from a place out of Hainan. ”可知，此处表达的是到达的方式，首先坐飞机到海口，然后坐公交到发射基地。故选A。 2．根据“Things to See”及下文“You can take some photos at this fantastic moment!”可知，此处应表达带着相机拍照片。选项C“不要忘记带上你的相机”符合题意。故选C。 3．根据下文“The best time to visit the launch base is during a rocket launch. Check the website for launch dates. Plan your trip around these dates. Make sure you don’t miss the excitement!”可知，本段强调最好的观测时间及安排合理时间行程，以免错过激动人心的时刻，讲述的是最佳观测时间。选项E“最佳观测时间”符合题意。故选E。 4．根据上文“Listen to the guides and follow the safety rules. ”可知，此处应表示承接前文听取导游的指导，并且遵守安全规则，因此空处应强调安全的重要性。选项B“安全是最重要的事情”符合题意。故选B。 5．根据上文“Watching a rocket launch at Wenchang Satellite Launch Base is an amazing experience that you wilt remember forever. It’s a must-see for anyone who dreams of exploring space.”可知，此处总结观看卫星发射的好处，因此空处应呼吁人们观看卫星发射这一激动的时刻。选项D“所以，你还在等什么呢？”符合题意。故选D。 02 （2024·贵州遵义·三模） Every year on April 24, it’s Space Day of China. It’s a day to celebrate the country’s growth in space exploration. The manned space missions (载人航天任务) are a big part of it. 1 . What problems do astronauts face? In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity (重力) there, which affects their bodies. 2 What’s more, if something goes wrong on their mission all of a sudden, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure. That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space. 3 “To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, over 200 kinds of training are set,” said Huang Weifen, the chief designer of the project. 4 So before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years. 5 This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space. Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits (潜水服) that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. She said that it was quite hard. For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise. A．How are astronauts trained? B．What is the weightless feeling? C．Being an astronaut is cool but difficult. D．Also, being in a tiny spaceship can make them feel stressed out. E．One of the hardest parts of the training is the underwater training. F．These include not only physical training but also some basic science training. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。 1．根据后文介绍可知，成为一名宇航员会遇到很多问题、接受很多训练。选项C“成为一名宇航员很酷，但也很困难。”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据“There is little gravity (重力) there, which affects their bodies.”可知，那里几乎没有重力，这影响了他们的身体，选项D“此外，在一个小宇宙飞船里会让他们感到压力。”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据“To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, over 200 kinds of training are set”可知，此处介绍宇航员的训练，选项A“宇航员是如何训练的？”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据“over 200 kinds of training are set”和“So before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years.”可知，有超过200种训练，选项F“这些训练不仅包括体能训练，还包括一些基础科学训练。”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据“For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise.”可知，此处介绍水下训练，选项E“训练中最难的部分之一是水下训练。”符合语境，故选E。 五、短文填空 01（2024·四川达州·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，在文章空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship has been successfully launched (发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It marks China’s 32nd manned flight into space. At 8: 59 p. m. on April 25, 2024, it 1 (send) three astronauts and nearly 100 experimental boxes (实验柜) to the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts 2 (be) Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. They were all born in the 1980s. Ye was one of the 3 (member) of the Shenzhou-l3 mission (任务) from October 2021 4 April 2022. This time, he works as the 5 (lead) of the three astronauts. Both Li Cong 6 Li Guangsu are newcomers to space. During 7 (they) time in space, they will care for the space station to make sure it can work 8 (safe). They will do over 90 experiments. A fish 9 (call) “the 4th member of Shenzhou-18” will be used for an experimental project. The Shenzhou-18 astronauts are planned to return to 10 earth in late October this year. So they will spend about six months on the space station. 【答案】 1．sent 2．are 3．members 4．to 5．leader 6．and 7．their 8．safely 9．called 10．the 【导语】本文介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任务、行程等。 1．句意：2024年4月25日晚8点59分，中国航天局将3名航天员和近100个实验柜送往天宫空间站。send“发送”，动词。根据“At 8: 59 p. m. on April 25, 2024”可知，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填sent。 2．句意：这三名宇航员分别是叶光富、李聪和李广苏。本句陈述事实，是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 3．句意：叶是2021年10月至2022年4月神舟三号任务的成员之一。member“成员”，可数名词。one of the+名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填members。 4．句意：叶是2021年10月至2022年4月神舟三号任务的成员之一。from…to…“从……到……”，固定搭配。故填to。 5．句意：这一次，他是三名宇航员中的领导者。lead“领导”，动词。此处指叶光富是三人中的领导者。leader“领导”，可数名词，用其单数形式。故填leader。 6．句意：李聪和李广苏都是太空新人。both…and“两者都……”，固定搭配。故填and。 7．句意：在太空期间，他们将照顾空间站，确保它能安全工作。they“他们”，人称代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语修饰time。故填their。 8．句意：在太空期间，他们将照顾空间站，确保它能安全工作。safe“安全的”，形容词。此处用其副词形式safely，修饰动词work。故填safely。 9．句意：一种名为“神舟十八号”的鱼将被用于一个实验项目。call“称为”，动词。此处用其过去分词形式called，作后置定语修饰名词fish。故填called。 10．句意：神舟十八号航天员计划于今年十月下旬返回地球。此处缺少冠词，earth“地球”是世界上独一无二的物体，其前应加定冠词the。故填the。 02（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题） Fill in the blanks with the grammatical knowledge according to the passage. A group of Chinese astronauts visited Hong Kong and Macao in China. They met with young people there and encouraged 1 (they) to have a dream of space exploration (探索). During the visit, the group of Chinese astronauts went to many middle schools 2 two universities in Hong Kong. They also gave a talk in Macao and met 3 (thousand) of students in both places. “The Chinese space station is 4 a home for the motherland in space,” Chen Dong said. He is one of 5 Shenzhou-14 astronauts. He hopes that he 6 (see) people from Hong Kong and Macao in the Chinese space station in the future. During a special show, Shum, a Hong Kong middle school student, felt really 7 (excite) to meet the astronauts. She thinks that the astronauts 8 (be) true heroes. “I am proud of our country and this makes me even 9 (interested) in space,” Shum said. “The visit is special and important for students,”the chief executive of the Macao SAR (澳门特别行政区行政长官) said. He thinks that China has taken the education of science and technology 10 (serious). The visit to Hong Kong and Macao was really successful. 【答案】 1．them 2．and 3．thousands 4．like 5．the 6．will see 7．excited 8．are 9．more interested 10．seriously 【导语】本文讲述了中国载人航天工程代表团走进香港和澳门，与学生进行深入交流。 1．句意：他们在那里会见了年轻人，鼓励他们有一个太空探索的梦想。动词“encouraged”后跟代词宾格形式。them“他们”，宾格。故填them。 2．句意：在访问期间，中国宇航员小组去了香港的多所中学和两所大学。“many middle schools”和“two universities”是并列关系，需用and连接。故填and。 3．句意：他们还在澳门做了一次演讲，并在两地会见了数千名学生。thousands of“数以千计的”，表示一种概数。故填thousands。 4．句意：陈东说：“中国空间站就像祖国在太空中的家。”根据“The Chinese space station is...a home”可知，此处是指中国空间站就像祖国在太空中的家，like“像”，介词。故填like。 5．句意：他是神舟十四号的宇航员之一。“one of the...”后接可数名词的复数形式，表示某一群体中的一部分。 故填the。 6．句意：他希望将来能在中国的空间站看到来自香港和澳门的人。根据“in the future.”可知，本句是一般将来时(will do)。故填will see。 7．句意：在一个特别的节目中，香港中学生Shum，对见到宇航员感到非常兴奋。空处修饰人“Shum”，且位于“felt”后，用形容词excited，表示“兴奋的”。故填excited。 8．句意：她认为宇航员是真正的英雄。本句陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语“the astronauts”是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 9．句意：Shum说：“我为我们的国家感到骄傲，这让我对太空更感兴趣了。”“even”修饰形容词比较级，more interested“更加感兴趣的”。故填more interested。 10．句意：他认为中国重视科技教育。take sth seriously“认真对待某事”，固定短语。故填seriously。 03（2024·江苏盐城·一模） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 The Chang’e-6 will be launched (发射) this year. And it will c 1 samples (样本) from the far side of the moon. This is a b 2 challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. And they will be sure to become the p 3 of Chinese people. On December 17, 2020, Chang’e 5 r 4 to Earth with 1,731 grams of lunar samples. The scientists discovered the new mineral w 5 they were studying the samples. And the new mineral was n 6 “Changesite-( Y )”. Changesite-(Y) is the sixth new mineral discovered on the moon by h 7 . China has become the t 8 country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union. This is a great a 9 China has made in the field of space science. And it is also a successful cooperation b 10 nuclear (原子能的) and aerospace fields. According to a white paper, China will continue its lunar exploration with the future Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 missions. 【答案】 1．(c)ollect 2．(b)ig 3．(p)ride 4．(r)eturned 5．(w)hen/(w)hile 6．(n)amed 7．(h)umans 8．(t)hird 9．(a)chievement 10．(b)etween 【导语】本文介绍了今年即将发射嫦娥六号，同时介绍了嫦娥五号的任务，以及中国在航天上取得的成就。 1．句意：它将从月球背面收集样本。根据“samples (样本) from the far side of the moon”及首字母可知，从月球上收集样本，collect“收集”，will后接动词原形，故填(c)ollect。 2．句意：这对科学家和嫦娥六号来说都是一个巨大的挑战。根据“This is a …challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. ”及首字母可知，这将是一个大的挑战，故填(b)ig。 3．句意：它们一定会成为中国人民的骄傲。根据“And they will be sure to become the … of Chinese people.”可知，从月球背面收集样本是一个大的挑战，如果成功了这将会是中国人的骄傲，根据the以及of可知，此空应填名词pride“骄傲”，如果故填(p)ride。 4．句意：2020年12月17日，嫦娥五号带着1731克月球样本返回地球。根据“to Earth”及首字母可知，此处指返回地球，return“返回”，根据“On December 17, 2020”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)eturned。 5．句意：科学家们在研究样品时发现了这种新矿物。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导时间状语从句的连词，结合首字母w可知，用when或while表示“当……时”，故填(w)hen/(w)hile。 6．句意：这种新矿物被命名为“Changesite-(Y)”。根据“Changesite-( Y )”可知，被命名为Changesite-(Y)，name“命名”，was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，故填(n)amed。 7．句意：Changesite-(Y)是人类在月球上发现的第六种新矿物。根据“discovered on the moon by”及首字母可知，这是由人类发现的，human“人类”，此空应填复数形式，故填(h)umans。 8．句意：中国已成为继美国和苏联之后，世界上第三个在月球上发现新矿物的国家。根据“ China has become the … country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union.”可知，继美国和苏联之后，第三个发现新矿物的国家，third“第三”，用序数词表示顺序，故填(t)hird。 9．句意：这是中国在空间科学领域取得的一项伟大成就。根据“This is a great …China has made in the field of space science”可知，中国是第三个发现新矿物的国家，这是取得的一项伟大成就，achievement“成就”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(a)chievement。 10．句意：这也是核能和航空航天领域的成功合作。between…and“在……和……之间”，故填(b)etween。 04（2024·陕西西安·二模） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） exact purpose include important provide difference country it survey(v.)  send “On March 27th, at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province, China successfully launched (发射) a Long March 6A carrier rocket. The 1 of this launch is to send Yunhai 3B satellite (人造卫星) into its orbit (轨道),” according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. The task for the satellite is to 2 the air, ocean and space environments. If the task is finished successfully, it will 3 data to help carry out some scientific research. Both of the satellite and rocket were designed and built by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. So far, China has already 4 a number of Yunhai-series multifunctional satellites in space via several launches. The Long March 6A carrier rocket 5 a 50-meter, liquid-powered center booster (推进器) and four side boosters. And the center booster has 6 own power system. With a launch weight of 530 metric tons, the rocket is mainly given the task to send satellites to 7 types of orbit, including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit. This launch is the 8 14th space task this year and the 514th flight of the Long March rocket family. The Long March rocket family is very 9 to China’s space industry. Moreover, it was said that about 100 rocket launches was 10 put into plan in 2024. 【答案】 1．purpose 2．survey 3．provide 4．sent 5．includes 6．its 7．different 8．country’s 9．important 10．exactly 【导语】本文主要介绍了长征六号甲火箭的情况，介绍了它的发射目的、任务以及给中国航天事业带来的帮助。 1．句意：本次发射的目的是将云海三号人造卫星送入预定轨道。根据“to send Yunhai 3B satellite (人造卫星) into its orbit”可知，此处介绍发射长征六号甲火箭的目的，purpose“目的”，根据is可知，此空应填单数形式，故填purpose。 2．句意：这颗卫星的任务是调查空气、海洋和太空环境。根据“the air, ocean and space environments”及备选词可知，调查空气、海洋和太空环境，survey“调查”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填survey。 3．句意：如果任务成功完成，它将为开展一些科学研究提供数据。根据“data to help carry out some scientific research”可知，此处指为科学研究提供数据，provide“提供”，will后接动词原形，故填provide。 4．句意：到目前为止，中国已经通过几次发射向太空发射了一些云海系列多功能卫星。根据“a number of Yunhai-series multifunctional satellites”可知，向太空发射卫星，send“发送”，has与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填sent。 5．句意：长征六号甲运载火箭包括一个50米的液体动力中心助推器和四个侧助推器。分析句子结构可知，此空缺少动词作谓语，根据“a 50-meter, liquid-powered center booster (推进器) and four side boosters”可知，包括一个50米的液体动力中心助推器和四个侧助推器，include“包括”，此句是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，动词用三单，故填includes。 6．句意：中心助推器有自己的动力系统。one’s own“某人自己的”，根据“the center booster”可知，此空应填its，故填its。 7．句意：该火箭的发射重量为530公吨，主要任务是将卫星送入不同类型的轨道，包括太阳同步轨道、近地轨道和中圆轨道。根据“including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit”可知，此处指不同类型的轨道，different“不同的”，形容词作定语，故填different。 8．句意：此次发射是我国今年的第14次航天任务，也是长征系列火箭的第514次飞行。根据“This launch is the…14th space task this year”及备选词可知，此次发射是我国今年的第14次航天任务，修饰“14th space task”，应用名词所有格，故填country’s。 9．句意：长征系列火箭对中国航天事业非常重要。根据“The Long March rocket family is very… to China’s space industry”可知，这对航天事业非常重要，is后接形容词important“重要的”作表语，故填important。 10．句意：此外，据说在2024年，大约有100次火箭发射完全按计划进行。分析句子结构可知，此空缺少副词修饰动词短语put into，备选词exact的副词exactly“完全”符合，故填exactly。 六、读写综合 （2024·广东汕头·二模）After serving as a backup crew (后备机组) member for 25 years, Chinese astronaut Deng Qingming finally achieved his dream to be a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew. Deng, 57 years old, was not known by many people until China launched the Shenzhou XIII spaceship in October 2022. The story of the veteran (老兵) who stuck to his space dream for many years moved many people. Born in a farming family in East China’s Jiangxi Province, Deng has four younger brothers and sisters. As an excellent student, Deng was chosen with another 13 pilots in the PLA Air Force’s selection of astronaut candidates (候选人) in 1996. The 14 pilots became the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division (中国人民解放军航天员大队) in January 1998. In the following years, Deng spent almost all of his time training. He tried hard for every chance to fly into space. No matter how difficult the road to space flight is, Deng never once thought of giving up. He was awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 2018. Space is far away, but the dream is very close. More than 7,000 days and nights of hard work, Deng Qingming’s spirit has encouraged many people. 1．How long has Deng Qingming served as a backup crew member? 2．Was Deng Qingming well ­known or unknown by many people before becoming a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew? 3．Where was Deng Qingming born? 4．When did Deng become one of the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division? 5．What has encouraged many people? 6．书面表达 请根据要求完成短文写作，并将作文写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 实现中华民族伟大复兴是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。在过去的一年里涌现出了很多为了梦想拼搏奋斗的人物，如中国首批航天员邓清明，坚持不懈地追求并实现自己的太空梦想。作为一名即将毕业的中学生，你有什么梦想呢？请你根据以下的内容提示，以“How to achieve my dream”为主题，写一篇发言稿。内容包括： (1)你的梦想是什么；(2)你将如何努力实现梦想(至少三点)；(3)你的感想。 作文要求： (1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和考生的真实姓名。 (2)语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄写在答题卡上。 Hello, everyone! I’d like to share my ideas about how to achieve my dream. That’s all. Thank you. 【答案】1．He has served as a backup crew member for 25 years./For 25 years. 2．He was unknown by many people before becoming a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew. 3．He was born in East China’s Jiangxi Province./In East China’s Jiangxi Province./In Jiangxi Province. 4．He became one of the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division in January 1998./In January 1998. 5．Deng Qingming’s spirit./His spirit. 6．例文 Hello, everyone! I’d like to share my ideas about how to achieve my dream. To better serve our country and the society, when I grow up, I hope to be a scientist. In order to achieve my dream, I think I should try my best to do the following things. First of all, it’s important to study hard and form good habits. Secondly, I should keep healthy by taking regular exercise. Finally, it’s necessary to develop many kinds of hobbies and take an active part in social practice activities. In short, if we teenagers are strong, our country will be strong. So let’s act from now on to improve ourselves and achieve our Chinese Dream. That’s all. Thank you. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了宇航员邓清明的事迹和经历。 1．根据“After serving as a backup crew (后备机组) member for 25 years, Chinese astronaut Deng Qingming finally achieved his dream to be a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew.”可知，邓清明担任了25年的后备宇航员。故填He has served as a backup crew member for 25 years./For 25 years. 2．根据“Deng, 57 years old, was not known by many people until China launched the Shenzhou XIII spaceship in October 2022.”可知，在成为神舟十五号航天员之前，邓清明是默默无闻的。故填He was unknown by many people before becoming a member of Shenzhou XV spaceship crew. 3．根据“Born in a farming family in East China’s Jiangxi Province,”可知，邓出生在中国东部江西省。故填He was born in East China’s Jiangxi Province./In East China’s Jiangxi Province./In Jiangxi Province. 4．根据“The 14 pilots became the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division (中国人民解放军航天员大队) in January 1998.”可知，邓在1998年1月成为中国人民解放军航天员师的首批成员。故填He became one of the first members of the PLA Astronaut Division in January 1998./In January 1998. 5．根据“More than 7,000 days and nights of hard work, Deng Qingming’s spirit has encouraged many people.”可知，邓清明的精神鼓舞了许多人。故填Deng Qingming’s spirit./His spirit. 6．[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇讲稿； ②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点应注意题干给出的“如何实现梦想”并适当补充，使文章内容充实。 [写作步骤] 第一步，借用文章已给开头，介绍自己的梦想； 第二步，根据题干的要点，详细介绍如何实现梦想； 第三步，介绍自己的感想并收尾。 [亮点词汇] ①grow up长大 ②in order to为了 [高分句型] ①In order to achieve my dream, I think I should try my best to do the following things.（宾语从句） ②In short, if we teenagers are strong, our country will be strong.（条件状语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$