精品解析：陕西省延安中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷

延安中学2024-2025学年度第一学期第一次月考 高二英语 本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，答题时间为120分钟，满分150分。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。 1. What did the man post on the Internet? A. His dancing video. B. His photos. C. His singing video. 2. Why does Jack look tired? A. He watched TV too late last night. B. He stayed up late to do his work last night. C. He did housework until midnight last night. 3. What kind of food did the woman have for lunch today? A. Italian food. B. Chinese food. C. French food. 4. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a pet store. B. In a zoo. C. In a park. 5. How much will the man pay? A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. Why does the man call the hotel? A. To book a room. B. To get a job. C. To interview the woman. 7. Whom will the man have an interview with next Wednesday morning? A. The woman. B. The general manager of the hotel. C. The HR manager of the hotel. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. When is the man traveling to Milan? A. Next month. B. Next week. C. Next year. 9. Where can the man find more information about the bus tour? A. In a travel program. B. In the guide book. C. On the official website. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10 How does the woman often get to work? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. 11. Why did the man sell his car? A. He spent too much money repairing it. B. He thought having a car made him lazy. C. He thought it was bad for the environment. 12. What do we know about the woman? A. She plans to buy a new car. B. She wants to lose some weight. C. She has never ridden a bike to get around. 13. Where will the speakers go next? A. To a car dealership. B. To a car repair shop. C. To a car factory. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. Who sent the horse-face skirt to Linlin? A. Her mother. B. Her grandma. C. Her sister. 15. When did the horse-face skirt first appear? A. In the Han Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty. C. In the Ming Dynasty. 16. Why does the man want to know more about the skirt? A. To make a traditional skirt. B. To buy one for his sister. C. To make it his presentation topic. 17. What color is the waist area of Ming horse- face skirt? A. White. B. Red. C. Blue. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. How is the weather right now? A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny. 19. When will the wet weather stop? A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Thursday morning. C. On Tuesday morning. 20. What will the temperature drop to by Tuesday? A. Between 5 and 7 degrees. B. Between 6 and 8 degrees. C. Between 16 and 17 degrees. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共11小题; 每小题2.5分，满分27.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again. She’d been paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the waist down after a serious accident while parachuting (跳伞) in 2003. The doctors never said anything about floating, though. In 2021, she got to do just that. Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified (改装的) 747 jet air plane made 15 steep (陡直的) dives and climbs, allowing the flyers many periods of weightlessness. The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.” Traditionally, strict physical requirements have prevented paralyzed people from becoming astronauts. AstroAccess is working to make space accessible to all. “Space removes the barriers (障碍) between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself.” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been rejected from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.” During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations. They took note of the issues that people without certain disabilities might not realize. For example, people who couldn’t grip with their legs needed another way to hold themselves still while weightless. The group also experimented with signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using braille (盲文) for the blind. These types of issues are easy enough to address. Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace. “I am so proud and addicted to what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way for the future.” 1. What do we know about AstroAccess? A. It redesigns jet airplanes. B. It provides physical treatment. C. It offers weightlessness experience. D. It trains the disabled to be astronauts. 2. Which of the following words can best describe Mazyck? A. Courageous and optimistic. B. Caring and persistent. C. Generous and determined. D. Modest and creative. 3. What is required in the flights for the participants? A. Astronaut experience. B. Trials and observations. C. Weightlessness periods. D. Steep dives and climbs. B Survivor bias (幸存者偏差) occurs when you tend to evaluate successful outcomes (结果) and ignore failures. This sampling (抽样) bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality. Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters, it feels natural to stress success, whether it’s entrepreneurs (企业家), or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures. Think about the famous college dropouts (辍学者) who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis (初次诊断) more frequently. Therefore, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate (高估) successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. Undoubtedly, successful cases are usually easier to be seen and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and ignoring other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inexact sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample (样本) from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results. 4. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Giving examples. B. Analyzing data. C. Describing facts. D. Making comparisons. 5. What may occur if you have a survivor bias? A. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances. B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project. C. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis. D. You will only have insufficient data and reach an incorrect conclusion. 6. What can we infer from the passage? A. People tend to lose sight of the overall figures. B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories. C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples. D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school. 7. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias? A. Leave out the famous historic cases. B. Collect a wide enough range of samples. C. Focus on those most mentioned examples. D. Select some successful and inspiring tales. C Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session. The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress. Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less. These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction vs. a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition. “The effect of physical activity on the brain’s stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress-related mental conditions,” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study’s lead author. “This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.” Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US. The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers. “Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety,” Zureigat said. “Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress-related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.” 8. Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise? A. Someone with little brain capacity. B. Someone with abnormal heart rates. C. Someone diagnosed with depression. D. Someone with fear-related mental conditions. 9. What does the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Double. B. Resist. C. Awaken. D. Transport. 10. Which of the following may the findings support? A. Physical exercise is vital to mental health. B. Physical exercise can cure those people of flu. C. Exercise merely works for those with depression. D. Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients. 11 What is the best title for the text? A. Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease B. Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death C. Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu D. Workout Is Very Good for Stress-related Patients’ Cardiovascular Health 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Social media does have its shortcomings, and one of those is that it can often seem like everybody is living and winning big — except you. _______12_______ But the reality is that these people go through struggles just like everybody else. Nobody’s life is perfect all the time. We all go through life’s hardships, failure, and pain. Picture perfect moments do exist, but they exist amongst the real-life terrible moments._______13_______ Someone could have +1000 likes on their pictures or a million views on their videos and still be unhappy. _______14_______ There are people with only 10 likes but having plenty of friends, and people with +1000 likes that are lonely, depressed, in fed up relationships and have no real friends. There are couples that appear happy on social media but behind those photos, they suffer a lot in relationships. _______15_______ Things aren’t always what they appear to be. You don’t know what some people go through to come out with the fantastic pictures you envy. The real key players mostly operate behind the scenes but make the most happen. They may look like nobody but they are building their kingdoms while others are getting high on likes and attention. Success is not what is presented on social media. _______16_______ Be yourself and never give up on yourself. Don’t compare yourself to others. The real champions of social media are those who add value to others, not the ones who show their lifestyle to impress others. A. Those ones don’t get documented. B. Some even think it’s a complete show-off. C. Being popular on social media is not everything. D. Self-worth is determined by the number of likes one gets. E. There are couples who post nothing but are in loving relationship. F. It takes tears, sleepless nights, and loads of failure to make it in life. G. You are always flooded with strangers’ images that show the life you long for. 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad’s tire shop. He ____17____ the tire business when I was in high school. I began working for him. Although I had little ____18____ with things connected with motor vehicles, I ____19____ to learn and work hard. My main motivation was to have customers ____20____ him because of my work ethic (职业道德). When I was in the shop, I was ____21____, not sitting around chatting with the other guys. The work was exhausting but ____22____. I had to remove the tires (轮胎) and ____23____ a new one to the vehicles outside even in the hot summers. Two of my dad’s ____24____ were sanitation (公共卫生) companies. I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning’s collection, ____25____ my dad’s lot (修理厂) with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. It was my job to ____26____ underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack (千斤顶), often while a(an) ____27____ liquid fell on me. After a day at the tire shop, I was often ____28____, covered in dirt. ____29____, employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment. Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop, I ____30____ the cars and trucks I serviced, and the thousands of wheels I fixed. More importantly, I also remember the great feeling of ____31____ that accompanies honest labor, no matter where it is accomplished. 17. A. predicted B. abandoned C. assessed D. bought 18. A. trouble B. experience C. experiment D. luck 19. A. pretended B. promised C. determined D. regretted 20. A. think well of B. tend to C. get hold of D. get along with 21. A. stressed B. engaged C. quiet D. anxious 22. A. demanding B. simple C. enjoyable D. rewarding 23. A. fit B. deliver C. repair D. locate 24. A. regulars B. partners C. friends D. companions 25 A. pulled out of B. brought into C. pulled into D. stopped by 26. A. climb B. kneel C. slide D. stretch 27. A. fragrant B. colorless C. thick D. unpleasant 28. A. left out B. confused C. worn out D. upset 29. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 30. A. describe B. recognize C. recall D. spot 31. A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. relief D. ambition 第二节 单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 32. Shopkeepers _________(装饰) their stores with national flags during the National Day holiday. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 33. One example is the __________ (典型的) Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 34. She faces the _________(困境) of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 35. He had worked ________ (精力充沛) all day on his new book. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 36. We _____________(寻找) long and hard but found no answer. 37. Now that we’ve heard all the __________(争论) for and against the proposal, shall we vote on it? (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 38. The exhibition is designed to reflect the _________ (多样性) of the nation and its regions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 39. Weather ________ (允许), a winter hiker will be launched to get us close to nature. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 40. We aim to help disabled students to live and study _________(独立地). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 41. For further information, please contact us on the ________ (附加的) form. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第三节 语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Roujiamo is a traditional Chinese street food, similar to a sandwich. The dish, made up of slow-cooked meat and a freshly-made flatbread called baijimo, ____42____ (refer) to as a ‘Chinese Hamburger’. Roujiamo is thought ____43____ (originate) over 2,200 years ago. The world’s oldest burger is the very street food____44____ carries an atmosphere of ancient dynasties, the Silk Road and far-off desert frontiers. The word “Roujiamo” contains three Chinese characters: ‘Rou’ meaning pork, ‘Jia’ meaning putting meat ____45____ bread, and ‘Mo’ meaning bread. Although the dish was ____46____(traditional) made with pork, you can also find beef versions in the predominantly Muslim areas of Xi’an. The flatbread is cooked by street vendors (小贩) on the inside of clay ovens. The hot pork meat braised (煨) for hours in a soup ____47____ (contain) over 20 different spices and seasonings is put inside the flatbread once cooked, thus leading to____48____ variety in flavor. The street vendors have their own defining features ____49____ (attract) customers, with everyone having their own twist on the dish. Now Roujiamo is still much-loved in China and its enduring ____50____ (popular) has given rise to numerous nationwide chains. In recent years, Roujiamo stores ____51____ (appear) in a long list of overseas countries, making the Chinese snack familiar to more and more people and capturing the hearts of both locals and tourists with its unique texture and rich nutrition. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 书面表达（满分15分） 52. 书面表达 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.另约时间。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I used to be very shy and often felt lonely. Although I did well in all the academic subjects, I was afraid of physical education. My classmates often laughed at me. “Look at that girl,” they said. “Her feet don’t leave the ground when she runs!” Their words embarrassed me. Moreover, whenever the teacher organized some competitive games, no one in the class liked to have me as their partner or team member. As a result, I often ended up looking at others enjoy their games. Things would go on like that if not for a sports meet in my high school. By mistake, my name was put on the list of those who would compete in the women’s 1500 meters race. By the time people found the mistake, it was too late to change. I was utterly dumbfounded (目瞪口呆的). 1500 meters! Running against the best runners from other classes! And in front of students of the entire school! It would be the worst nightmare I’d ever have! “You still have time to catch up because there is still one month before the sports meet” my classmates all said this to me, including my teacher. My desk-mate patted me on the shoulder, “Cool! You will run for our class! And we will do training together.” Yes, this is not just for myself, but for my class too, I said to myself. But still, 1500 meters to me was like Mount Everest to a beginning climber. I had no idea even how to start my preparation. Fortunately, my desk-mate gave me a hand. Every afternoon after class, several of us ran together. They gave me strengths. While we were running, some others would stand by the tracks cheering for us. One month certainly couldn’t make me a good runner. But when I was standing behind the start line, I no longer felt lonely or afraid. I saw my classmates standing by the tracks waving at me as if about to run beside me. The day finally came! 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With the shot of the starting gun, I dashed out and ran as fast as I could. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As expected, I was almost the last to cross the finish line. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 延安中学2024-2025学年度第一学期第一次月考 高二英语 本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，答题时间为120分钟，满分150分。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。 1. What did the man post on the Internet? A. His dancing video. B. His photos. C. His singing video. 2. Why does Jack look tired? A. He watched TV too late last night. B. He stayed up late to do his work last night. C. He did housework until midnight last night. 3. What kind of food did the woman have for lunch today? A. Italian food. B. Chinese food. C. French food. 4. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a pet store. B. In a zoo. C. In a park. 5. How much will the man pay? A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6 Why does the man call the hotel? A. To book a room. B. To get a job. C. To interview the woman. 7. Whom will the man have an interview with next Wednesday morning? A. The woman. B. The general manager of the hotel. C. The HR manager of the hotel. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. When is the man traveling to Milan? A. Next month. B. Next week. C. Next year. 9. Where can the man find more information about the bus tour? A. In a travel program. B. In the guide book. C. On the official website. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10. How does the woman often get to work? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. 11. Why did the man sell his car? A. He spent too much money repairing it. B. He thought having a car made him lazy. C. He thought it was bad for the environment. 12. What do we know about the woman? A. She plans to buy a new car. B. She wants to lose some weight. C. She has never ridden a bike to get around. 13. Where will the speakers go next? A. To a car dealership. B. To a car repair shop. C. To a car factory. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. Who sent the horse-face skirt to Linlin? A. Her mother. B. Her grandma. C. Her sister. 15. When did the horse-face skirt first appear? A. In the Han Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty. C. In the Ming Dynasty. 16. Why does the man want to know more about the skirt? A. To make a traditional skirt. B. To buy one for his sister. C. To make it his presentation topic. 17. What color is the waist area of Ming horse- face skirt? A. White. B. Red. C. Blue. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. How is the weather right now? A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny. 19. When will the wet weather stop? A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Thursday morning. C. On Tuesday morning. 20. What will the temperature drop to by Tuesday? A. Between 5 and 7 degrees. B. Between 6 and 8 degrees. C. Between 16 and 17 degrees. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共11小题; 每小题2.5分，满分27.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again. She’d been paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the waist down after a serious accident while parachuting (跳伞) in 2003. The doctors never said anything about floating, though. In 2021, she got to do just that. Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified (改装的) 747 jet air plane made 15 steep (陡直的) dives and climbs, allowing the flyers many periods of weightlessness. The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.” Traditionally, strict physical requirements have prevented paralyzed people from becoming astronauts. AstroAccess is working to make space accessible to all. “Space removes the barriers (障碍) between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself.” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been rejected from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.” During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations. They took note of the issues that people without certain disabilities might not realize. For example, people who couldn’t grip with their legs needed another way to hold themselves still while weightless. The group also experimented with signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using braille (盲文) for the blind. These types of issues are easy enough to address. Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace. “I am so proud and addicted to what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way for the future.” 1. What do we know about AstroAccess? A. It redesigns jet airplanes. B. It provides physical treatment. C. It offers weightlessness experience. D. It trains the disabled to be astronauts. 2. Which of the following words can best describe Mazyck? A. Courageous and optimistic. B. Caring and persistent. C Generous and determined. D. Modest and creative. 3. What is required in the flights for the participants? A. Astronaut experience. B. Trials and observations. C. Weightlessness periods. D. Steep dives and climbs. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space.(Mazyck是由AstroAccess组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。这种类型的飞行重现了在没有进入太空的情况下宇航员所经历的失重状态。)”可知，AstroAccess提供失重体验。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again (Mazyck记得医生告诉她她再也不能走路了)”以及第三段““The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.”(她说：“这次飞行是我做梦也想不到自己会经历的事情，尤其是漂浮和失重的感觉。”)”可推知，Mazyck在面临身体残疾的情况下，依旧充满勇气并积极面对生活，所以Mazyck是勇敢且乐观的。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations.(她说，在飞行过程中，参与者做了试验和观察。)”可知，参与者的飞行要求是试验和观察。故选B。 B Survivor bias (幸存者偏差) occurs when you tend to evaluate successful outcomes (结果) and ignore failures. This sampling (抽样) bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality. Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters, it feels natural to stress success, whether it’s entrepreneurs (企业家), or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures. Think about the famous college dropouts (辍学者) who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis (初次诊断) more frequently. Therefore, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate (高估) successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. Undoubtedly, successful cases are usually easier to be seen and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and ignoring other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inexact sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample (样本) from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results. 4. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Giving examples. B. Analyzing data. C. Describing facts. D. Making comparisons. 5. What may occur if you have a survivor bias? A. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances. B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project. C. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis. D. You will only have insufficient data and reach an incorrect conclusion. 6. What can we infer from the passage? A. People tend to lose sight of the overall figures. B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories. C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples. D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school. 7. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias? A. Leave out the famous historic cases. B. Collect a wide enough range of samples. C. Focus on those most mentioned examples. D. Select some successful and inspiring tales. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幸存者偏差现象和存在的原因，以及幸存者偏差的影响。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Think about the famous college dropouts (辍学者) who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work!(想想马克·扎克伯格、史蒂夫·乔布斯和比尔·盖茨等著名的大学辍学生，他们都取得了巨大的成功。这些成功的例子可能会让你认为大学学位并没有什么好处。然而，这是幸存者偏差在起作用！)”和第四段“Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis (初次诊断) more frequently. Therefore, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate (高估) successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.(幸存者偏差甚至出现在关于严重疾病的医学研究中。更年轻、更健康的患者往往更容易在疾病的最初诊断中存活下来。因此，他们更有可能加入医学研究。相反，年龄较大、身体较弱的患者不太可能存活足够长的时间来参与研究。因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人)”可知，两个段落用举例说明幸存者偏差现象。故选A。 5题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inexact sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions.(毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据。不完整的数据会影响你的决策过程。简单地说，幸存者偏差会产生不准确的样本，导致你得出不正确的结论)”可知，如果你有幸存者偏差，你就会只有部分数据，且会得出错误的结论。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well.(你会听到更多关于他们的消息，因为他们是非凡的。你没有考虑到其他数百万既不富有也不出名的大学辍学生。你也需要评估他们的结果)”和第四段中“Consequently, these studies overestimate (高估) successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.(因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人)”以及第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population.(毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据)”可知，人们往往忽视总体统计数据。故选A。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample (样本) from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.(为了尽量减少幸存者偏差的影响，你应该想办法从人群中抽取一个有代表性的样本，而不仅仅是几个成功的样本。这个过程可能需要更多的花费和努力，但你会得到更好的结果)”可知，作者建议读者收集足够广泛的样本从而避免幸存者偏差。故选B。 C Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session. The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress. Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less. These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction vs. a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition. “The effect of physical activity on the brain’s stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress-related mental conditions,” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study’s lead author. “This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.” Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US. The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers. “Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety,” Zureigat said. “Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress-related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.” 8. Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise? A. Someone with little brain capacity. B. Someone with abnormal heart rates. C. Someone diagnosed with depression. D. Someone with fear-related mental conditions. 9. What does the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Double. B. Resist. C. Awaken. D. Transport. 10. Which of the following may the findings support? A. Physical exercise is vital to mental health. B. Physical exercise can cure those people of flu. C. Exercise merely works for those with depression. D. Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease B. Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death C. Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu D. Workout Is Very Good for Stress-related Patients’ Cardiovascular Health 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了锻炼对患有抑郁症或焦虑症的人的心血管的益处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session.(根据在美国心脏病学会第71届年度科学会议上发表的一项研究，与没有这些诊断的人相比，有规律的体育锻炼对抑郁症或焦虑症患者心血管疾病的益处几乎增加了一倍)”可知，被诊断患有抑郁症的人能从定期锻炼中获得最大的心血管益处。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less.(总的来说，研究发现，每周达到建议运动量的人患主要有害心血管疾病的可能性比锻炼较少的人低17%)”以及划线词上文“The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that”可知，运动通过帮助激活大脑中抵消压力的部分来改善心血管健康，这一研究结果进一步证明了这一点。由此可知，划线词counteract意思是“抵抗”。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers.(研究人员表示，研究结果强调了锻炼在保持心脏健康和减轻压力方面的重要作用)”可知，研究结果支持了体育锻炼对心理健康至关重要。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session.(根据在美国心脏病学会第71届年度科学会议上发表的一项研究，与没有这些诊断的人相比，有规律的体育锻炼对抑郁症或焦虑症患者心血管疾病的益处几乎增加了一倍)”及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了锻炼对有心理压力相关问题的患 者的心血管健康有很大益处。由此可知，D选项“锻炼对压力相关患者的心血管健康非常有益”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Social media does have its shortcomings, and one of those is that it can often seem like everybody is living and winning big — except you. _______12_______ But the reality is that these people go through struggles just like everybody else. Nobody’s life is perfect all the time. We all go through life’s hardships, failure, and pain. Picture perfect moments do exist, but they exist amongst the real-life terrible moments._______13_______ Someone could have +1000 likes on their pictures or a million views on their videos and still be unhappy. _______14_______ There are people with only 10 likes but having plenty of friends, and people with +1000 likes that are lonely, depressed, in fed up relationships and have no real friends. There are couples that appear happy on social media but behind those photos, they suffer a lot in relationships. _______15_______ Things aren’t always what they appear to be. You don’t know what some people go through to come out with the fantastic pictures you envy. The real key players mostly operate behind the scenes but make the most happen. They may look like nobody but they are building their kingdoms while others are getting high on likes and attention. Success is not what is presented on social media. _______16_______ Be yourself and never give up on yourself. Don’t compare yourself to others. The real champions of social media are those who add value to others, not the ones who show their lifestyle to impress others. A. Those ones don’t get documented. B. Some even think it’s a complete show-off. C. Being popular on social media is not everything. D. Self-worth is determined by the number of likes one gets. E. There are couples who post nothing but are in loving relationship. F. It takes tears, sleepless nights, and loads of failure to make it in life. G. You are always flooded with strangers’ images that show the life you long for. 【答案】12. G 13. A 14. C 15. E 16. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了社交媒体上的晒出的成功画面未必就是真正的成功，真正的成功需要无数的失败做铺垫，鼓励人们做好自己，永远不要放弃。 【12题详解】 下文“But the reality is that these people go through struggles just like everybody else. Nobody’s life is perfect all the time. We all go through life’s hardships, failure, and pain. (但现实是，这些人和其他人一样经历着挣扎。没有人的生活总是完美的。我们都会经历生活中的艰难、失败和痛苦。)”转折的语义说明这些人也一样过着并不完美的生活，但是他们晒在社交媒体上的照片却都是完美的。选项G“你总是被陌生人的照片淹没，这些照片展示了你所渴望的生活。”引领下文，和下文之间是转折关系。故选G项。 【13题详解】 上文“Picture perfect moments do exist, but they exist amongst the real-life terrible moments. (画面上的完美时刻确实存在，但困难的时刻也存在于现实生活中。)”说明他们现实生活中也有困难时刻，选项A“那些没有被记录。”承接上文，解释他们只发表完美时刻的原因，是因为困难时刻没有被记录。故选A项。 【14题详解】 上文“Someone could have +1000 likes on their pictures or a million views on their videos and still be unhappy. (有些人的照片有1000个赞，视频有100万次观看，但他仍然不开心。)”和下文“There are people with only 10 likes but having plenty of friends, and people with +1000 likes that are lonely, depressed, in fed up relationships and have no real friends.(有些人只有10个赞，但有很多朋友；有些人有1000个赞，但他们很孤独，很沮丧，恋爱关系不愉快，没有真正的朋友。)”说明在社交媒体上受欢迎的程度并不能和幸福快乐成正比，选项C“在社交媒体上受欢迎并不是一切。”承上启下，说明社交媒体上受欢迎不能说明一切。故选C项。 【15题详解】 上文“There are couples that appear happy on social media but behind those photos, they suffer a lot in relationships. (有些情侣在社交媒体上看起来很幸福，但在这些照片背后，他们在感情中遭受了很多痛苦。)”说明有些情侣照片上幸福未必真正幸福，选项E“有些情侣什么都不发，但他们很相爱。”对应上文，说明有些情侣没有照片，但也很幸福。故选E项。 【16题详解】 上文“Success is not what is presented on social media. (成功不是在社交媒体上展示出来的。)”说明成功不是展示出来的，选项F“人生的成功需要泪水、不眠之夜和无数的失败。”承接上文，说明成功真正的来源是什么。选项中make it和上文Success语义一致，故选F项。 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad’s tire shop. He ____17____ the tire business when I was in high school. I began working for him. Although I had little ____18____ with things connected with motor vehicles, I ____19____ to learn and work hard. My main motivation was to have customers ____20____ him because of my work ethic (职业道德). When I was in the shop, I was ____21____, not sitting around chatting with the other guys. The work was exhausting but ____22____. I had to remove the tires (轮胎) and ____23____ a new one to the vehicles outside even in the hot summers. Two of my dad’s ____24____ were sanitation (公共卫生) companies. I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning’s collection, ____25____ my dad’s lot (修理厂) with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. It was my job to ____26____ underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack (千斤顶), often while a(an) ____27____ liquid fell on me. After a day at the tire shop, I was often ____28____, covered in dirt. ____29____, employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment. Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop, I ____30____ the cars and trucks I serviced, and the thousands of wheels I fixed. More importantly, I also remember the great feeling of ____31____ that accompanies honest labor, no matter where it is accomplished. 17. A. predicted B. abandoned C. assessed D. bought 18. A. trouble B. experience C. experiment D. luck 19. A. pretended B. promised C. determined D. regretted 20. A. think well of B. tend to C. get hold of D. get along with 21. A. stressed B. engaged C. quiet D. anxious 22. A. demanding B. simple C. enjoyable D. rewarding 23. A. fit B. deliver C. repair D. locate 24. A. regulars B. partners C. friends D. companions 25. A. pulled out of B. brought into C. pulled into D. stopped by 26. A. climb B. kneel C. slide D. stretch 27. A. fragrant B. colorless C. thick D. unpleasant 28. A. left out B. confused C. worn out D. upset 29. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 30. A. describe B. recognize C. recall D. spot 31. A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. relief D. ambition 【答案】17 D 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者如何从父亲的轮胎店中获得成功教学的灵感和生活经验。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我上高中的时候买下了轮胎店。A. predicted预测；B. abandoned放弃；C. assessed评估；D. bought买。根据上文“my Dad’s tire shop”可知，作者的爸爸是买下了那个轮胎店。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我在汽车方面的经验很少，但我决心学习和努力工作。A. trouble困难；B. experience经验；C. experiment实验；D. luck运气。根据上文“when I was in high school. I began working for him”可知，作者才刚开始替爸爸工作，所以经验肯定很少。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我在汽车方面的经验很少，但我决心学习和努力工作。A. pretended假装；B. promised承诺；C. determined决定，决心；D. regretted后悔。根据下文“My main motivation”可知，作者是决心要学习和努力工作。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的主要动机是因为我的职业道德让客户对他有好感。A. think well of赞赏；B. tend to倾向于；C. get hold of抓住；D. get along with相处融洽。根据下文“because of my work ethic”可知，作者想用自己的职业道德来让客户赞赏自己的爸爸。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在店里的时候，我是忙碌的，而不是坐在那里和其他人聊天。A. stressed紧张的；B. engaged忙碌的；C. quiet安静的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据下文“not sitting around”可知，作者并没有闲坐着，所以是忙碌的。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这工作很累，但很有回报。A. demanding要求高的；B. simple简单的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. rewarding有回报的，值得的。根据第13空后的“employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment”可知，这个工作是值得的。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在炎热的夏天，我也不得不把轮胎卸下来，给外面的车换一个新的。A. fit安装；B. deliver递送；C. repair修理；D. locate定位。根据上文“remove the tires”和下文“a new one”可知，作者要把轮胎卸下来，然后换上新的，也就是安装一个新的轮胎。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父亲的两个常客是卫生公司。A. regulars常客；B. partners搭档；C. friends朋友；D. companions同伴。根据下文“sanitation (公共卫生) companies”和下文故事可知，卫生公司是作者爸爸店里的常客。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，有几次，装满早上收集的垃圾的垃圾车，在去垃圾场的路上，轮胎爆胎了，驶入我爸爸的停车场里。A. pulled out of退出；B. brought into使开始；C. pulled into驶入；D. stopped by顺便拜访。根据下文“my dad’s lot (修理厂) with a flat tire”可知，垃圾车爆胎了就要开进作者爸爸的修理厂维修，空格处意为“驶入”。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是爬到臭气熏天的垃圾车下面去安装千斤顶，经常会有难闻的液体落在我身上。A. climb爬；B. kneel跪下；C. slide滑行；D. stretch伸展。根据下文“underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack”可知，作者是爬到臭气熏天的垃圾车下面去安装千斤顶。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是爬到臭气熏天的垃圾车下面去安装千斤顶，经常会有难闻的液体落在我身上。A. fragrant芳香的；B. colorless无色的；C. thick厚的；D. unpleasant令人不快的。根据上文“ill-smelling truck”可知，垃圾车上会流下令人不愉快的液体。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：在轮胎店干了一天之后，我常常精疲力尽，满身是土。A. left out遗漏；B. confused感到困惑的；C. worn out精疲力尽的；D. upset不安的。根据上文“After a day at the tire shop”可知，工作了一天以后作者肯定是精疲力尽的。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，轮胎店的工作给了我们人生的意义、毅力和成就感。A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据下文“employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment”可知，前后句子是转折关系，作者虽然累，但是也觉得这个工作有意义，因此空格处用However表转折。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我回到轮胎店，我都会想起我维修过的汽车和卡车，以及我修理过的成千上万个轮子。A. describe描述；B. recognize识别；C. recall回想起；D. spot发现。根据上文“Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop”和下文“the cars and trucks I serviced”可知，作者是现在回想起之前修过的车。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我还记得那种伴随着诚实劳动而来的巨大满足感，不管它是在哪里完成的。A. curiosity好奇心；B. satisfaction满足感；C. relief缓解；D. ambition野心。根据下文“accompanies honest labor”可知，作者记得伴随着诚实劳动而来的巨大满足感。故选B。 第二节 单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 32. Shopkeepers _________(装饰) their stores with national flags during the National Day holiday. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】decorated 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：国庆节期间，店主们用国旗装饰他们的商店。空格处用动词作谓语，“装饰”的动词是decorate，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填decorated。 33. One example is the __________ (典型的) Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】typical 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个例子是典型的中国春节习俗燃放鞭炮驱邪。根据汉语提示“典型的”可知，此处为形容词typical，作定语，修饰名词custom。故填typical。 34. She faces the _________(困境) of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】dilemma 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她面临着不服从父亲或失去所爱男人的困境。动词faces后应用名词作宾语，根据汉语提示应用dilemma，根据句意，用单数。故填dilemma。 35. He had worked ________ (精力充沛) all day on his new book. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】energetically 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：他一整天都在精力充沛地写他的新书。根据汉语提示可知，energetically精力充沛地，副词，在句中修饰动词worked，故填energetically。 36. We _____________(寻找) long and hard but found no answer. 【答案】sought 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们努力寻找了很长时间，结果没找到答案。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是动词seek“寻找”，此处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和下文的found可知用一般过去时。故答案为sought。 37. Now that we’ve heard all the __________(争论) for and against the proposal, shall we vote on it? (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】arguments 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：既然我们已经听取了支持和反对该提案的所有争论，我们是否应该对其进行投票表决？根据前文heard 可知，此处应用其名词argument作宾语，根据all the，用复数。故填arguments。 38. The exhibition is designed to reflect the _________ (多样性) of the nation and its regions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】diversity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：该展览旨在反映国家和地区的多样性。根据汉语提示可知，表示“多样性”应用名词diversity，作宾语。故填diversity。 39. Weather ________ (允许), a winter hiker will be launched to get us close to nature. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】permitting 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和独立主格。句意：如果天气允许，将启动冬季徒步旅行，让我们亲近大自然。“Weather (允许)”是独立主格结构作条件状语，“允许”用动词permit，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Weather之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填permitting。 40. We aim to help disabled students to live and study _________(独立地). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】independently 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们的目标是帮助残疾学生独立地生活和学习。“独立地”修饰动词live和study，用副词independently作状语。故填independently。 41. For further information, please contact us on the ________ (附加的) form. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】attached 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：欲了解更多信息，请通过所附表格与我们联系。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词attached“附加的”，在句中作定语修饰后面的名词。故填attached。 第三节 语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Roujiamo is a traditional Chinese street food, similar to a sandwich. The dish, made up of slow-cooked meat and a freshly-made flatbread called baijimo, ____42____ (refer) to as a ‘Chinese Hamburger’. Roujiamo is thought ____43____ (originate) over 2,200 years ago. The world’s oldest burger is the very street food____44____ carries an atmosphere of ancient dynasties, the Silk Road and far-off desert frontiers. The word “Roujiamo” contains three Chinese characters: ‘Rou’ meaning pork, ‘Jia’ meaning putting meat ____45____ bread, and ‘Mo’ meaning bread. Although the dish was ____46____(traditional) made with pork, you can also find beef versions in the predominantly Muslim areas of Xi’an. The flatbread is cooked by street vendors (小贩) on the inside of clay ovens. The hot pork meat braised (煨) for hours in a soup ____47____ (contain) over 20 different spices and seasonings is put inside the flatbread once cooked, thus leading to____48____ variety in flavor. The street vendors have their own defining features ____49____ (attract) customers, with everyone having their own twist on the dish. Now Roujiamo is still much-loved in China and its enduring ____50____ (popular) has given rise to numerous nationwide chains. In recent years, Roujiamo stores ____51____ (appear) in a long list of overseas countries, making the Chinese snack familiar to more and more people and capturing the hearts of both locals and tourists with its unique texture and rich nutrition. 【答案】42. is referred 43. to have originated 44. that 45. between##inside 46. traditionally 47. containing 48. the 49. to attract 50. popularity 51. have appeared 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过详细描述“肉夹馍”这一中国传统街头食品的历史、制作过程、特点以及在现代社会的流行情况，向读者介绍了一种具有文化底蕴和地域特色的食物。 【42题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这道菜是由慢炖的肉和新鲜出炉的白吉馍组成的，被称为“中国汉堡”。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语The dish与refer to“提到”之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is referred。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：肉夹馍被认为起源于2200多年前。be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”，且动作originate“起源于”发生在is thought之前，所以空处用不定式完成式。故填to have originated。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：世界上最古老的汉堡正是这种带有古代王朝、丝绸之路和遥远沙漠边疆气息的街头食品。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是street food，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有the very修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：“肉夹馍”一词包含三个汉字：“肉”指猪肉，“夹”指把肉放在面包里，“馍”指面包。空处表示“在（或向）……里”，所以空处用介词inside；也可以表示“在……中间”，所以空处用介词between。故填between/inside。 【46题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然这道菜传统上是用猪肉做的，但在西安以穆斯林为主的地区，你也可以找到牛肉版本。空处修饰动词made，使用副词形式，故填traditionally。 【47题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在含有20多种不同香料和调味料的汤中煨数小时的热猪肉，一旦煮熟就放入面饼中，从而产生了多种风味。本句谓语为is put，此处为非谓语动词，且soup与contain“包含”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填containing。 【48题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。此处表示特指，variety前加the。故填the。 【49题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了吸引顾客，街头小贩们有自己独特的特色，每个人都对这道菜有自己的诠释。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to attract。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在，肉夹馍在中国仍然很受欢迎，其持久的流行已经催生了许多全国性的连锁店。空处作主语，用名词形式popularity“受欢迎，流行”。故填popularity。 【51题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，肉夹馍店在许多海外国家如雨后春笋般涌现，使这种中国小吃为越来越多的人所熟悉，并以其独特的口感和丰富的营养赢得了当地人和游客的喜爱。根据时间状语In recent years可知，本句时态用现在完成时，且主语Roujiamo stores为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have appeared。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 书面表达（满分15分） 52. 书面表达 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.另约时间。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Bob, I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble. Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books. If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生朋友Bob写封邮件，因不能如约去书店而道歉，说明原因，并另约时间。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：cause→result in 选择：select→choose/elect 大门：gate→portal/main entrance 出发：set out→start off 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books. 拓展句：In order to have more time to read and select books, we can set out early . 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】 If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. (运用了If 引导的条件句) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I used to be very shy and often felt lonely. Although I did well in all the academic subjects, I was afraid of physical education. My classmates often laughed at me. “Look at that girl,” they said. “Her feet don’t leave the ground when she runs!” Their words embarrassed me. Moreover, whenever the teacher organized some competitive games, no one in the class liked to have me as their partner or team member. As a result, I often ended up looking at others enjoy their games. Things would go on like that if not for a sports meet in my high school. By mistake, my name was put on the list of those who would compete in the women’s 1500 meters race. By the time people found the mistake, it was too late to change. I was utterly dumbfounded (目瞪口呆的). 1500 meters! Running against the best runners from other classes! And in front of students of the entire school! It would be the worst nightmare I’d ever have! “You still have time to catch up because there is still one month before the sports meet,” my classmates all said this to me, including my teacher. My desk-mate patted me on the shoulder, “Cool! You will run for our class! And we will do training together.” Yes, this is not just for myself, but for my class too, I said to myself. But still, 1500 meters to me was like Mount Everest to a beginning climber. I had no idea even how to start my preparation. Fortunately, my desk-mate gave me a hand. Every afternoon after class, several of us ran together. They gave me strengths. While we were running, some others would stand by the tracks cheering for us. One month certainly couldn’t make me a good runner. But when I was standing behind the start line, I no longer felt lonely or afraid. I saw my classmates standing by the tracks waving at me as if about to run beside me. The day finally came! 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With the shot of the starting gun, I dashed out and ran as fast as I could. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As expected, I was almost the last to cross the finish line. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With the shot of the starting gun, I dashed out and ran as fast as I could. Soon I was out of breath and slowed down. Other runners passed me one by one, and gradually I had no idea how many of them were still behind me. My legs were getting heavier and heavier, and I might fall down at any moment. However, I suddenly heard my classmates chanting my name. My desk-mate even ran along the tracks beside me and cheered for me at the same time, just like the month-long training we did together. As expected, I was almost the last to cross the finish line. Immediately, my classmates held my arms and urged me to walk on my feet and not to sit down. I was surrounded, with all kinds of drinks handed to me. I felt a kind of warmth I had never felt before. Even though I was almost the last to finish the race, I was full of confidence that I would improve in the future. That sports meet was an unforgettable experience. Sports are no longer about winning or losing. They give me a lot of confidence, both confidence in my fellow students and confidence in my own potential. I am no longer lonely, no longer afraid. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述脚上有残疾的作者因为同学们的嘲笑而从来不敢参加任何体育活动。但是有一天，因为组织的错误，有人把她的名字写在了1500米赛跑的比赛名单上。接下来，作者在同学们的鼓励和陪伴下，做了为期一个月的训练。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“随着发令枪响。我冲出去，尽可能快地跑。”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“不出所料，我几乎是最后一个冲过终点线的。”可知，第二段可描写比赛结束之后同学们对作者的态度。 2.续写线索：开始跑——速度慢——被超过——被鼓励——被包围——感受到温暖——感动——有信心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①气喘吁吁：be out of breath/pant for breath ②摔倒：fall down/tumble ③抓住：hold/grasp 情绪类 ①充满自信的：full of confidence/very confident ②害怕的：afraid/scared 【点睛】【高分句型1】Other runners passed me one by one, and gradually I had no idea how many of them were still behind me.（由how many引导的同位语从句） 【高分句型2】I felt a kind of warmth I had never felt before.（由省略关系代词that引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$