Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 分层练习 -【大单元教学】高中英语同步备课系列(人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1　Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and Thinking 培优层级1——基础多维巩固 ●Ⅰ 单词拼写 1. This is a school for children with ________ learning difficulties. (adj. very serious) 2. If anyone needs ________ of Professor Qiao's genius as an inventor, this invention is it. (n. a fact or piece of information which shows that something exists or is true) 3. We made ________ copies of the report. (adj. very many of the same type, or of different types) 4. A growing number of ________ have at least one computer. (n. all the people who live together in one house) 5. We would resist any armed ________ from outside in our country's affairs. (n. the act of intervening in a situation) 6. Oil is an important ________ material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. (adj. not processed) 7. We had trouble finding a(n) ________ water supply. (adj. clean and not containing anything harmful) 8. According to official ________ the disease killed over 500 people. (n. a collection of information shown in numbers) 9. Abnormalities in the cells can be seen quite clearly under a(n) ________. (n. a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger) ●Ⅱ 单句填空 1．The local government is ________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. 2．________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. 3．Today, we are just as closely linked ________ each other by the bonds of friendship as we were 20 years ago. 4．They felt ________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress. 5．Those who lack resistance are more likely to ________ (infect) with the virus. 6．________ (initial), the system worked well, but then we met some challenges. 7．The priceless treasures ________ (cast) into the Nile during the war. 8．As a sports fan, I ________ (subscribe) to several sports channels on TV last year. 9．Joe listened, ________ (shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another. 10．The leak was eventually ________ (trace) to a broken seal. ●Ⅲ 短语填空 1．我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。 We haven't decided ________________ for our summer holiday. 2．他似乎对他的老师说了谎。 ________________ he told a lie to his teacher. 3．放学后我要去修自行车。(have) I'll ____________________ after school. 4．通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。 Usually, it's ________ crowded on the bus ________ I can't find anywhere to sit. 5．Stephen Hawking ________________ (同意) the big bang theory from the beginning. 6．The hot weather is partly ________________ (对……负有责任) the water shortage. 7．For some people, the ability to achieve something ________________ (与……紧密相关) their attitudes. 8．People who ________________ (接受挑战) were those who were determined and perseverant. 9．Tea houses in Hangzhou ________________ (追溯到) the Southern Song Dynasty (1127～1279). 10．Small color choices are the ones we ________________ (非常熟悉的). ●Ⅳ 补全句子 1.我的建议是你在学校应该积极参与这些讨论。 My advice is that _____________________________________________________. 2.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他学习不够努力。 The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was________________________________________. 3.我们可以说的是，文化和烹饪息息相关。 What we can say is _______________________________________. 4.他以前看过这部电影。那就是为什么他昨晚没有看。 He had seen the film before. That was _______________________________________. 5.我的大消息是，我们都在考虑寒假去中国旅行。 My big news is _______________________________________going on a trip to China in the winter vacation. 6.当我还是个小孩子的时候，春节期间的红包是我最期待的。 When I was a little child，the red packet during the Spring Festival was _________________________________. 7.事实是他已经失去了参加比赛的机会。 The fact is _______________________________________. 培优层级2 ——多维训练提能 Ⅰ.阅读理解 More than four decades ago, British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab, Since that groundbreaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF (体外受精)  and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a  ￡900，000 cheque. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as  “a milestone in modern medicine”． With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchesterborn physiologist developed IVF—leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby. Dr.  Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility (生育)  treatment and given hope to millions of couples. It was a scientific breakthrough that changed the lives of millions of couples. They said,  “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind, including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.” Professor Edwards, who has 5 daughters and 11 grandchildren,  began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955. He once said, “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.”  With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridgeshire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30，000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11，000 babies are born as a result of the treatment. But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”． Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive (生殖的) sciences at the University of Cambridge,  said the award was “long overdue”. He said, “We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted－this is the cherry on the cake for him.” Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”． 1．What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science? A．Challenging a disease which stops couples having a baby. B．Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing. C．Enabling millions of couples to live a better life. D．Helping couples with infertility to have test tube babies. 2．What does the underlined word “afflicting” in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to? A．Troubling.  B．Developing. C．Improving.  D．Frightening. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7? A．Some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded. B．Different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards' work. C．Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough. D.The prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Life Stories of Robert Edwards B．Preparations for Having a Baby C．Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards D．Treatment of Infertility in a Lab Ⅱ.七选五 Eyes can speak Much meaning can be conveyed，clearly，with our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak. __16__ In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not for too long. And if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __17__ Eyes do speak, right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __18__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. However，when two people are engaged in a conversation，the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying. __19__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.  __20__ Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. A．On the contrary, it will give him away. B．Do you have such kind of experience? C．That’s what normal eye contact is all about. D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. Ⅲ.完形填空 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have__1__feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common__2__between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over__3__rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the__4__. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for__5__the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different__6__to these problems. However, some approaches are more__7__than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but__8__clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s__9__. On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the__10__of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to__11__their actions. Psychologists say that__12__is the most important thing in parentchild relationships. Parents should__13__to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may__14__their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a twoway process. It is only by listening to and__15__each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. (　　)1．A. natural       B．strong C．guilty       D．similar (　　)2．A. interest       B．argument C．link       D．knowledge (　　)3．A. noisy       B．crowded C．messy       D．locked (　　)4．A. homework       B．housework C．problem       D．research (　　)5．A. washing       B．using C．dropping       D．replacing (　　)6．A. approaches       B．contributions C．introductions       D．attitudes (　　)7．A. complex       B．popular C．scientific       D．successful (　　)8．A. later       B．deliberately C．seldom       D．thoroughly (　　)9．A. behavior       B．taste C．future       D．nature (　　)10．A. failures       B．changes C．consequences       D．thrills (　　)11．A. defend       B．delay C．repeat       D．reconsider (　　)12．A. communication       B．bond C．friendship       D．trust (　　)13．A. reply       B．attend C．attach       D．talk (　　)14．A. hate       B．scold C．frighten       D．stop (　　)15．A. loving       B．observing C．understanding       D．praising 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and Thinking 培优层级1——基础多维巩固 ●Ⅰ 单词拼写 1. This is a school for children with ________ learning difficulties. (adj. very serious) 2. If anyone needs ________ of Professor Qiao's genius as an inventor, this invention is it. (n. a fact or piece of information which shows that something exists or is true) 3. We made ________ copies of the report. (adj. very many of the same type, or of different types) 4. A growing number of ________ have at least one computer. (n. all the people who live together in one house) 5. We would resist any armed ________ from outside in our country's affairs. (n. the act of intervening in a situation) 6. Oil is an important ________ material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. (adj. not processed) 7. We had trouble finding a(n) ________ water supply. (adj. clean and not containing anything harmful) 8. According to official ________ the disease killed over 500 people. (n. a collection of information shown in numbers) 9. Abnormalities in the cells can be seen quite clearly under a(n) ________. (n. a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger) ●Ⅱ 单句填空 1．The local government is ________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. 2．________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. 3．Today, we are just as closely linked ________ each other by the bonds of friendship as we were 20 years ago. 4．They felt ________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress. 5．Those who lack resistance are more likely to ________ (infect) with the virus. 6．________ (initial), the system worked well, but then we met some challenges. 7．The priceless treasures ________ (cast) into the Nile during the war. 8．As a sports fan, I ________ (subscribe) to several sports channels on TV last year. 9．Joe listened, ________ (shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another. 10．The leak was eventually ________ (trace) to a broken seal. ●Ⅲ 短语填空 1．我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。 We haven't decided ________________ for our summer holiday. 2．他似乎对他的老师说了谎。 ________________ he told a lie to his teacher. 3．放学后我要去修自行车。(have) I'll ____________________ after school. 4．通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。 Usually, it's ________ crowded on the bus ________ I can't find anywhere to sit. 5．Stephen Hawking ________________ (同意) the big bang theory from the beginning. 6．The hot weather is partly ________________ (对……负有责任) the water shortage. 7．For some people, the ability to achieve something ________________ (与……紧密相关) their attitudes. 8．People who ________________ (接受挑战) were those who were determined and perseverant. 9．Tea houses in Hangzhou ________________ (追溯到) the Southern Song Dynasty (1127～1279). 10．Small color choices are the ones we ________________ (非常熟悉的). ●Ⅳ 补全句子 1.我的建议是你在学校应该积极参与这些讨论。 My advice is that _____________________________________________________. 2.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他学习不够努力。 The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was___________________________. 3.我们可以说的是，文化和烹饪息息相关。 What we can say is _______________________________________. 4.他以前看过这部电影。那就是为什么他昨晚没有看。 He had seen the film before. That was _______________________________________. 5.我的大消息是，我们都在考虑寒假去中国旅行。 My big news is ____________________________going on a trip to China in the winter vacation. 6.当我还是个小孩子的时候，春节期间的红包是我最期待的。 When I was a little child，the red packet during the Spring Festival was _________________________________. 7.事实是他已经失去了参加比赛的机会。 The fact is _______________________________________. 参考答案： Ⅰ.1. severe 2. proof 3. multiple 4. households 5. intervention 6. raw 7. pure 8. statistics 9. microscope Ⅱ.1．to blame　2.Consequently　3.to　4.frustrated　5.be infected　6.Initially　7.were cast　8.subscribed　9.shifting 10．traced Ⅲ.1．where to go　2.It seemed that 3.have my bike repaired 4.so; that　5.subscribed to 6.to blame for 7.is closely linked to 8.took on the challenge 9.trace back to 10.are most familiar with Ⅳ.1.you should participate actively in these discussions at school. 2.that he didn't study hard enough. 3.that culture and cuisine go hand in hand. 4.why he didn't see it last night. 5.that we're all thinking about/that we are all considering 6.what I expected most. 7.that he has lost the chance to take part in the competition. 培优层级2 ——多维训练提能 Ⅰ.阅读理解 More than four decades ago, British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab, Since that groundbreaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF (体外受精)  and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a  ￡900，000 cheque. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as  “a milestone in modern medicine”． With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchesterborn physiologist developed IVF—leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby. Dr.  Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility (生育)  treatment and given hope to millions of couples. It was a scientific breakthrough that changed the lives of millions of couples. They said,  “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind, including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.” Professor Edwards, who has 5 daughters and 11 grandchildren,  began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955. He once said, “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.”  With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridgeshire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30，000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11，000 babies are born as a result of the treatment. But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”． Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive (生殖的) sciences at the University of Cambridge,  said the award was “long overdue”. He said, “We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted－this is the cherry on the cake for him.” Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”． 1．What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science? A．Challenging a disease which stops couples having a baby. B．Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing. C．Enabling millions of couples to live a better life. D．Helping couples with infertility to have test tube babies. 2．What does the underlined word “afflicting” in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to? A．Troubling.  B．Developing. C．Improving.  D．Frightening. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7? A．Some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded. B．Different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards' work. C．Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough. D.The prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Life Stories of Robert Edwards B．Preparations for Having a Baby C．Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards D．Treatment of Infertility in a Lab 参考答案： 1．D'细节理解题。由第三段的第一句中的leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby以及第四段的“His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby.”可知，罗伯特·爱德华兹的试管婴儿技术帮助很多不能生育的夫妇有了孩子。故D选项正确。 2．A'词义猜测题。由第四段可知，他的成就使患有不孕症的夫妇有孩子成为可能，而这种不孕症一直困扰着全球超过10%的夫妇。故A选项正确。 3．B'推理判断题。由第六段的But his work attracted widespread criticism以及第七段的why the Nobel has come so late可知，人们对于罗伯特·爱德华兹的工作持不同的观点。故B选项正确。 4．C'标题归纳题。通读全文可知，短文主要讲述罗伯特·爱德华兹因创立了体外受精技术获得诺贝尔奖以及他研究的过程和受到的褒贬。故C选项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 Eyes can speak Much meaning can be conveyed，clearly，with our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak. __16__ In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not for too long. And if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __17__ Eyes do speak, right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __18__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. However，when two people are engaged in a conversation，the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying. __19__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.  __20__ Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. A．On the contrary, it will give him away. B．Do you have such kind of experience? C．That’s what normal eye contact is all about. D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 参考答案： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们可以通过眼睛传递很多信息，在不同的环境里，其意义也不同。从某种程度上来说，眼睛会说话。 16．B　根据下文所举的公交车上的事例可知，B项“你是否有过这种经历？”可以引出下文所举的事例，符合语境。 17．G　上文提到如果有人长时间地盯着你，你就会检查自己全身是否什么地方有不当之处；而G项意为“如果没什么问题的话，你会因别人那样盯着你而恼怒”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。 18．F　上文提到一直盯着他人似乎有些不礼貌；但下文提到当一位男性长时间盯着一位女性时，他的意图很明显。F项意为“但是当谈到盯着异性时，情况就不一样了”，与上下文呼应，构成了转折，符合语境。 19．C　上文提到当两个人谈话的时候，说话人通常会不时地直视听话人，以确保听话人在专心听自己讲话，下文谈到的是谈话时如果一直盯着听话人，就会显得想要控制他，这会使听话人感觉很不舒服。由此可知，上文提到的是谈话时正常的眼神交流，下文则指的是不正常的，尴尬的。C项意为“那是正常的眼神交流”，总结上文话题，并引出下文不正常眼神交流的对比，符合语境。 20．A　上文提到不太会说谎的人会误认为直视对方是诚恳交流的标志。A项意为“与此相反，那会将他出卖”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have__1__feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common__2__between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over__3__rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the__4__. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for__5__the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different__6__to these problems. However, some approaches are more__7__than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but__8__clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s__9__. On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the__10__of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to__11__their actions. Psychologists say that__12__is the most important thing in parentchild relationships. Parents should__13__to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may__14__their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a twoway process. It is only by listening to and__15__each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. (　　)1．A. natural       B．strong C．guilty       D．similar (　　)2．A. interest       B．argument C．link       D．knowledge (　　)3．A. noisy       B．crowded C．messy       D．locked (　　)4．A. homework       B．housework C．problem       D．research (　　)5．A. washing       B．using C．dropping       D．replacing (　　)6．A. approaches       B．contributions C．introductions       D．attitudes (　　)7．A. complex       B．popular C．scientific       D．successful (　　)8．A. later       B．deliberately C．seldom       D．thoroughly (　　)9．A. behavior       B．taste C．future       D．nature (　　)10．A. failures       B．changes C．consequences       D．thrills (　　)11．A. defend       B．delay C．repeat       D．reconsider (　　)12．A. communication       B．bond C．friendship       D．trust (　　)13．A. reply       B．attend C．attach       D．talk (　　)14．A. hate       B．scold C．frighten       D．stop (　　)15．A. loving       B．observing C．understanding       D．praising 参考答案： 【语篇导读】本文首先指出父母与十几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因，然后是研究发现的不同父母采取的不同方法，有的方法较另一些方法更有效果，最后一段是心理学家对解决冲突给出的建议。 1．D　根据第一句中的difficult以及第二句中的again和“not easy”可知青少年和父母有相似的感觉。 2．B　由第一句“Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. ”可知，父母和孩子之间相处困难，他们之间有争论，即对事物有不同的看法(argument)。 3．C　根据上文untidiness和“daily routine tasks”，填空所在的句子和后文的“clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal . . . ”形成并列关系，可知用messy。 4．B　与上文说的孩子把家弄乱，到处乱扔衣服并列的应是拒绝帮忙做家务。 5．C　与后文不打扫房间，不去买东西并列，即把毛巾丢(drop)在浴室。 6．A　根据后句中“some approaches”，可知选A。句意：不同的家长有着不同的解决问题的方法(approach)。 7．D　由下文中的better可知，有些方法较为成功。 8．A　父母责骂他们乱，但稍后(later)就为他们整理房间，这样几乎没有机会改变他们孩子的行为。 9．A　从下文多次出现的actions可知。 10．C　根据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西的话在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的后果”。 11．D　根据“are forced to”可知，孩子们被迫重新考虑自己的行为。 12．A　根据本段倒数第二句出现的“Communication is a twoway process. ”以及上文一直强调父母与孩子应如何沟通，可知选A项。 13．D　“talk to”与say是同义复现，即父母要向孩子说出(talk)他们的想法，同时也要倾听孩子的想法。 14．B　由上文的blame可知，当父母看到孩子把家里弄乱时会责备他们，所以选B项。 15．C　只有通过倾听和相互理解(understanding)，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$