Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language 2 分层作业 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language 2（分层作业） I. 单句语法填空： 1. In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 2. Of the goods transported and traded along the Ancient Silk Road (link) China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. 3. The man (suspect) of giving away government secrets to the enemy and was arrested. 4. It was reported that Germany had taken a lot of measures to slow the rate of infection, including closing hair and beauty studios. Other non-essential shops (shut) already. 5. Without (intervene) they will be a headache to the nation. 6. Klan called his (assist), Hasher, to take over his duties while he went out. 7. We are determined (defend) our motherland at all costs. 8. This in turn helps to control other (infect) diseases transmitted by insects. 9. Several more days went by and the young man’s (frustrate) increased. 10. Don’t ask him about his plans — he just gets (defend). II. 根据提示完成句子： 1. 这次活动不仅提高了我们的身体素质，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。(not only… but also…) The event build a positive attitude towards life. 2. 从这次经历中，我意识到只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任，而不是责怪别人，我们才能成功。(倒装句) From the experience, I realize rather than blaming others ____________________. 3. 我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张照片。(have sth. done) I need a new passport, so I will have to . 4. 简是如此沮丧以至于眼泪不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌。(so…that…) tears poured down her cheeks without control. 5. 他提高嗓门为的是让大家能听懂他的话。(make+宾语+宾补) He raised his voice in order to . 6. 她横穿马路时没有看车，应承担部分责任。(blame) She partly for failing to look as she crossed the road. 7. 他因患有一种奇怪的病，导致大部分肌肉萎缩无力。(come) He which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles. 8. 她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。 The reason (why) she hasn’t come is to a hospital. (表语从句) 9. 很明显，我们必须用其他方法来解决这个问题。(不定式) It is quite obvious that we must apply other methods . 10. 她最喜欢的莫过于在沙滩上长时间愉快地散步。(比较级+否定词表达最高级) a nice long walk on the beach. I.语法填空 Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous and 1 (talent) scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair with no 2 (able) to move and using a computer to talk. Since he come 3 with a disease which did damage to his muscles, his world became one of abstract though. Hawking first became a household name when he still walked 4 (health), as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, 5 (hold) that the universe has not beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, 6 holds the universe began at a single point in time and space. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes, after which Hawking became 7 star. From then on, people held the 8 (believe) that he was a genius. His greatness was 9 he was not only brilliant but also brave and 10 (tireless) curious. II.书面表达 假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就外国医学家John Snow专出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿，内容包括： 1. John Snow的医学贡献； 2. John Snow的贡献对医学研究的影响； 3. 你如何看待John Snow的医学研究方式。 注意： 1. 词数：80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mum and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mum says all the dust is due to the drought, not only here in the Oklahoma Panhandle but all over the Great Plains. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. It also slips into the automobile’s horn (喇叭). Although Dad has fixed it, he fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. So, we have to walk to school. On the way to school, my sister, Faye, and I wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we don’t breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that the school is closed, we stay home and help Mum put sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After church, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle while Mum started dinner. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped—it felt good. The heat had been building since dawn. Then Mum shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside. Be quick!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust, like thick smoke pouring out from a chimney. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mum!” I shouted, “I’ll warn Dad.” Faye raced towards the house. The storm hit so fast that I barely saw her climb the porch steps. Fine sand heaved against my face and in an instant the day turned into night. I stumbled over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I felt my way towards the automobile and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find the automobile. Worried as I was, I managed to calm myself down. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly Dad’s face appeared at the window. ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language 2（分层作业） I. 单句语法填空： 1. In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 2. Of the goods transported and traded along the Ancient Silk Road (link) China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. 3. The man (suspect) of giving away government secrets to the enemy and was arrested. 4. It was reported that Germany had taken a lot of measures to slow the rate of infection, including closing hair and beauty studios. Other non-essential shops (shut) already. 5. Without (intervene) they will be a headache to the nation. 6. Klan called his (assist), Hasher, to take over his duties while he went out. 7. We are determined (defend) our motherland at all costs. 8. This in turn helps to control other (infect) diseases transmitted by insects. 9. Several more days went by and the young man’s (frustrate) increased. 10. Don’t ask him about his plans — he just gets (defend). 1.【答案】shifting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，机械师犯了一个严重的错误，紧张地从一只脚换到另一只脚。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，且the mechanic与shift“转移，转换”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填shifting。 2.【答案】linking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在连接中国与中东和欧洲的古丝绸之路上运输和贸易的货物中，茶的重要性只有丝绸才能与之匹敌。逻辑主语the Ancient Silk Road和非谓语动词link是主动关系，link用现在分词形式作the Ancient Silk Road的后置定语。故填linking。 3.【答案】was suspected 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这名男子涉嫌向敌人泄露政府机密而被逮捕。结合并列谓语was arrested用一般过去时，且主语The man和谓语动词suspect是被动关系，suspect用一般过去时的被动语态，主语第三人称，谓语单数形式，be suspected of (被怀疑)。故填was suspected。 4.【答案】had been shut 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：据报道，德国已经采取了许多措施来减缓感染率，包括关闭美发和美容工作室。其他非必需品商店已经关闭。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据下文“already(已经)”可知本句表达的是在过去发生的的某个动作之前发生的动作，谓语动词使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been shut。 5.【答案】intervention 【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意：如果不进行干预，他们将成为国家的头痛问题。介词without后面用名词作宾语，intervene是动词，其名词是intervention，抽象概念，不可数。故答案为intervention。 6.【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：克兰叫他的助手哈舍尔在他外出时接替他的工作。his后用名词，表示“助手”用assistant，指Hasher这个助手用单数名词，作宾语。故填assistant。 7.【答案】to defend 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们决心不惜一切代价保卫祖国。be determined to do sth.是固定短语，意为“决心做某事”。故填to defend。 8.【答案】infectious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这反过来又有助于控制其他由昆虫传播的传染病。空处在句中作定语，所以用形容词infectious，故填infectious。 9.【答案】frustration 【详解】考查名词。句意：又过了几天，年轻人越来越沮丧。分析句子并结合空前的名词所有格man’s可知，空处应填名词作主语，frustration沮丧，挫败，不可数名词。故填frustration。 10.【答案】defensive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：别问他有什么计划——他心存戒备。 gets在句中用作连系动词，故空处用形容词作表语，defensive戒备的，怀有戒心的，形容词。故填defensive。 II. 根据提示完成句子： 1. 这次活动不仅提高了我们的身体素质，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。(not only… but also…) The event build a positive attitude towards life. 2. 从这次经历中，我意识到只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任，而不是责怪别人，我们才能成功。(倒装句) From the experience, I realize rather than blaming others ____________________. 3. 我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张照片。(have sth. done) I need a new passport, so I will have to . 4. 简是如此沮丧以至于眼泪不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌。(so…that…) tears poured down her cheeks without control. 5. 他提高嗓门为的是让大家能听懂他的话。(make+宾语+宾补) He raised his voice in order to . 6. 她横穿马路时没有看车，应承担部分责任。(blame) She partly for failing to look as she crossed the road. 7. 他因患有一种奇怪的病，导致大部分肌肉萎缩无力。(come) He which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles. 8. 她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。 The reason (why) she hasn’t come is to a hospital. (表语从句) 9. 很明显，我们必须用其他方法来解决这个问题。(不定式) It is quite obvious that we must apply other methods . 10. 她最喜欢的莫过于在沙滩上长时间愉快地散步。(比较级+否定词表达最高级) a nice long walk on the beach. 【答案与详解】 1.【答案】not only improved our physical quality, but also helped us 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。根据汉语提示，表示“提高了我们的身体素质”含义的表达为：improve our physical quality；表示“帮助我们”含义的表达为：help us，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时；表示“不仅……而且”含义的表达为：not only… but also…，连接两个动词，故填The event not only improved our physical quality, but also helped us。 2.【答案】only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure; can we succeed 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词、部分倒装、副词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任，而不是责怪别人，我们才能成功”。表示“只有”用only；表示“通过”用介词by；表示“承担全部责任”用take full responsibility for，用动名词，作by的宾语；表示“勇敢地”用副词bravely，作状语，修饰 taking；表示“失败”用failure，作for的宾语；realize后为宾语从句，从句中：表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“能”用情态动词can；表示“成功”用动词succeed，与can连用，用动词原形。从句中“only+介词短语”位于句首，句子用部分倒装，将情态动词can放在主语we之前。故填only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure; can we succeed。 3.【答案】have my photograph taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示可知，本题考查have sth. done的结构。have为使役动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语的结构。该结构中的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示和宾语之间为被动关系。句中的宾语为my photograph“我的照片”，宾语补足语为过去分词taken“拍照”。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以have用原形。故填have my photograph taken。 4.【答案】Jane was so frustrated that 【详解】考查一般过去时、主谓一致和结果状语从句。so+adj/adv+that意为“如此……以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。表示“沮丧的”应用形容词frustrated。根据“tears poured down her cheeks without control”可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语Jane为第三人称单数，系动词应用was。故填Jane was so frustrated that。 5.【答案】make himself understood 【详解】考查宾语补足语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要使役动词make，构成“make+宾语 +宾语补足语”的结构。“让大家能听懂他的话”可以理解为“让他自己被理解”，所以用反身代词himself作宾语。“理解”用动词“understand”，该动词需要非谓语动词的形式作宾语补足语。根据句意可知，该动词和宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填make himself understood。 6.【答案】was; to blame 【详解】考查固定搭配。“某人应承担责任”应用固定短语sb. be to blame，结合句中crossed可知，时态为一般过去时，主语she为第三人称单数，所以be用was，故填was to blame。 7.【答案】came down with a strange disease 【详解】考查动词短语。空处表示“患有”，用动词短语come down with，根据定语从句中的caused可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填came down with a strange disease。 8.【答案】that she has to take her mother 【详解】考查表语从句。根据句子结构来看，主语是The reason，表语从句应用that引导。另外表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，所以故填that she has to take her mother。 9.【答案】to settle / to deal with / to solve the problem 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“解决这个问题”含义的表达为settle the problem 或deal with the problem 或solve the problem，分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to settle / to deal with / to solve the problem。 10.【答案】She likes nothing better than 【详解】考查一般现在时、主谓一致以及比较级与否定词的连用。该句在描述一个个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语是单数第三人称she，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式；否定词not/nothing/no/nobody等与否定词连用，表达最高级的意思；“她最喜欢的莫过于”的英文表达是She likes nothing better than。故答案为She likes nothing better than。 I.语法填空 Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous and 1 (talent) scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair with no 2 (able) to move and using a computer to talk. Since he come 3 with a disease which did damage to his muscles, his world became one of abstract though. Hawking first became a household name when he still walked 4 (health), as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, 5 (hold) that the universe has not beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, 6 holds the universe began at a single point in time and space. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes, after which Hawking became 7 star. From then on, people held the 8 (believe) that he was a genius. His greatness was 9 he was not only brilliant but also brave and 10 (tireless) curious. 【答案】1. talented 2. ability 3. down 4. healthily 5. holding 6. which 7. a 8. belief 9. that 10. tirelessly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍金的伟大之处在于，他不仅才华横溢，而且勇敢无畏，孜孜不倦地好奇。 1. 考查形容词。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金，物理学领域最有名最有才华的科学家之一。分析句意再根据空格后的scientists可知，此处用形容词来修饰名词。故填talented。 2. 考查名词。句意：大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面。分析句意再根据空格前的no可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式。故填ability。 3. 考查固定短语。句意：自从他患上了一种损伤肌肉的疾病后，他的世界就变得抽象了。分析句意再根据空格前的come可知，此处用固定短语come down with表示“染上”疾病，符合语境。故填down。 4. 考查福词。句意：1964年，霍金在剑桥大学读物理学研究生时，走路还很健康，他第一次成为家喻户晓的名字。分析句式结构可知，修饰动词walked应该用副词。故填healthily。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个是稳态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词theory，又因为hold和theory之间是主动关系，所以用非谓语中的现在分词。故填holding。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：另一个是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间上的一个单一点。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 7. 考查冠词。句意：霍金自己关于大爆炸理论的工作被天文学家用望远镜证实了，之后霍金成为了一个明星。分析句意可知，此处是泛指“一个”明星，star首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 8. 考查名词。句意：从那时起，人们就相信他是个天才。分析句意再根据空格前the可知，此处用提示词的名词形式作宾语。故填belief。 9. 考查表语从句。句意：他的伟大之处在于，他不仅才华横溢，而且勇敢无畏，孜孜不倦地好奇。分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。 10. 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，修饰形容词curious应该用副词。故填tirelessly。 II.书面表达 假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就外国医学家John Snow专出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿，内容包括： 1. John Snow的医学贡献； 2. John Snow的贡献对医学研究的影响； 3. 你如何看待John Snow的医学研究方式。 注意： 1. 词数：80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: John Snow (1813-1858), a British anesthesiologist and epidemiologist, is regarded as the pioneer of anesthesia medicine and public health medicine. In 1854, cholera was prevalent in London. Snow found their common behavior pattern by studying the daily life of cholera victims and discovered the relationship between cholera and drinking unclean water. At his appeal, the government shut down the dirty water in time and effectively stopped the epidemic of cholera. He also recommended several practical preventive measures, such as washing dirty clothes and quilts, washing hands and boiling water for drinking, with good results. Although John Snow did not find the pathogen that caused cholera, he creatively used spatial statistics to find the source of infection and proved the value of this method. Today, mapping has become a basic research method in medical geography and epidemiology. “Snow’s cholera map” has become a classic case. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文。假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就外国医学家John Snow专出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿，内容包括：1. John Snow的医学贡献；2. John Snow的贡献对医学研究的影响；3. 你如何看待John Snow的医学研究方式。 【详解】1.词汇积累 被认为：be regarded as→be considered as 推荐：recommend→put forward 造成：cause→give rise to 实用的：practical=utility=useful 2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句 原句：John Snow (1813-1858), a British anesthesiologist and epidemiologist, is regarded as the pioneer of anesthesia medicine and public health medicine. 拓展句：John Snow (1813-1858), who is a British anesthesiologist and epidemiologist, is regarded as the pioneer of anesthesia medicine and public health medicine. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Snow found their common behavior pattern by studying the daily life of cholera victims and discovered the relationship between cholera and drinking unclean water.(运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] Although John Snow did not find the pathogen that caused cholera, he creatively used spatial statistics to find the source of infection and proved the value of this method.(运用了although引导的让步状语从句) I.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mum and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mum says all the dust is due to the drought, not only here in the Oklahoma Panhandle but all over the Great Plains. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. It also slips into the automobile’s horn (喇叭). Although Dad has fixed it, he fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. So, we have to walk to school. On the way to school, my sister, Faye, and I wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we don’t breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that the school is closed, we stay home and help Mum put sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After church, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle while Mum started dinner. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped—it felt good. The heat had been building since dawn. Then Mum shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside. Be quick!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust, like thick smoke pouring out from a chimney. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mum!” I shouted, “I’ll warn Dad.” Faye raced towards the house. The storm hit so fast that I barely saw her climb the porch steps. Fine sand heaved against my face and in an instant the day turned into night. I stumbled over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I felt my way towards the automobile and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find the automobile. Worried as I was, I managed to calm myself down. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly Dad’s face appeared at the window. ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [写作指导] 一、故事梗概 ①作者一家每天深受沙尘暴的困扰。 ②上星期天沙尘暴来袭，母亲和Faye都进了屋里，作者决定去田地里寻找父亲。 ③作者最终找到了父亲，全家人安全地躲过了这场风暴。 二、情节推断 根据已经给出的续写部分每段的开头语并展开合理想象可推断： 1. 第一段：作者想尽办法寻找父亲。 2. 第二段：作者最终找到了父亲，一家人团聚。 可根据自己的想象构建故事情节。续写两段的四个要素如下： Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 时间：when the author caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn 地点：in the automobile 人物：the author, Dad 事件：The author turned on the front lights and pushed the horn，then waited for Dad... 时间：after Dad's face appeared at the window 地点：in the automobile, in the house 人物：the author, Mum, Dad and Faye 事件：Dad opened the door and climbed into the car, they hugged together... 三、要素串联 将已确定的四要素串联，并增加细节描写，完成读后续写。 [完美成篇] I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly Dad’s face appeared at the window. ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn. They made some rays, but would Dad see them in thick darkness? I pushed the horn again and again, hoping Dad would hear it. I was waiting silently in the automobile, but there was nothing except the wind. I became more and more desperate. Suddenly Dad’s face appeared at the window. With clothes covering his face, he opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. He coughed and wiped his eyes with dirty hands, then pulled me into his arms. I hugged Dad and cried. Dad asked, “Where is your mother and Faye?” I said, “They are in the house.” Dad nodded, “Good.” Finally, the huge black cloud of dust cleared off and the dirt started to settle. We went home as Mum and Faye walked out. I cried tears of joy because our family had survived the horrible storm. 【分析】本篇考查的作文类型是读后续写。 【详解】前文主要讲的是作者一家遭遇了突如其来的沙尘暴，母亲和Faye都进了屋里，而作者的父亲还在外面，作者找到了父亲所在的车，然后进入车里等待父亲。在给的第一段开头“I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn.”中“figure out”意思是“弄清楚”，“Suddenly Papa’s face appeared at the window.”此句中的Papa为关键词，后文都围绕着Papa出现后的事情展开。 【高分句型一】I doubted whether Papa would see them in thick darkness or not. 我怀疑爸爸是否会在黑暗中看到他们。运用宾语从句。 【高分句型二】Finally, as the huge black cloud of dust cleared off and the dirt started to settle, we went home. 最后，随着巨大的黑云散去了，沙尘也停息了，我们回了家。运用as引导时间状语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$