Unit 5 Revealing Nature(提高练）--2024-2025学年高二英语40分钟限时训练（外研版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit 5 Revealing Nature (提高练) —2024-2025学年高二英语40分钟限时训练 （外研版2019选择性必修第一册） 一、 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25山西吕梁阶段练习） When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 1．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 2．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 3．What did the participants do in the new study? A．They reported their feelings of pain. B．They interviewed many musicians. C．They made various kinds of teacups. D．They picked out the music they don't like. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain B（24-25江西九江开学考试） Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 5．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 6．What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. 7．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 第二节 七选五（24-25高二日照开学考试） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you struggled to save up your pocket money or found it hard not to eat a whole packet of sweets in one go? 1 Also known as “willpower”, self-control means making short-term sacrifices for long-term rewards. This could be going without things you want to buy now to save up for a future treat, or walking away from an argument in case you say something hurtful. 2 It can be low at times like when you’re tired, hungry or stressed. However, there are ways to top it up. 3 Doing music practice every day means you get better at playing an instrument. Getting up early for sports training will improve your skills and help your team. Willpower helps build healthy habits, like staying away from screens before bed so you get better sleep. 4 It gives you the power to make decisions based on what is best for you, not because you’re trying to fit in with others. There are lots of studies that show good self-control can help make us happier and healthier. “It doesn’t always feel like it, but we all have willpower,” says scientist Eric Schulze. He explains that it’s like a muscle because the more you use it, the stronger it becomes. A good way to strengthen self-control is getting plenty of sleep and feeding your brain with healthy food. Focus on small goals so you don’t use up all the energy in one go. “As the day wears on that willpower muscle shrinks (萎缩) and it’s harder to resist temptation (诱惑),” Schulze says. 5 Do something that makes you laugh as a good mood can overpower a weak will. A．Success comes from self-control. B．Willpower is like a type of energy. C．It can also help you manage your emotions. D．It takes willpower to resist the two temptations. E．If so, you’ll understand the power of self-control. F．Self-control is a superpower that can help you achieve goals. G．When this happens, exercising helps you give energy to the brain. 2、 完形填空（23-24高二江西南昌期末考试） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When you think of curiosity, you might picture people exploring new books or new places. But how does it fit and, more importantly, why does it matter in the 1 ? Such questions deserve our 2 , as most of us devote most of our waking hours to work. The best workers are those who have a(n) 3 mind, always thinking out of the box and 4 the way things have usually been done. The only businesses that 5 in our rapidly changing world are those that can adapt. And such things are only 6 if people are always 7 . They ask questions like: How can we do this better? What challenges will we face? Think of Steve Jobs, probably the most celebrated entrepreneur (企业家) of our day. What 8 him to create such brilliant products, items unlike anything that had hit the market 9 ? How did the design of Apple's products 10 with such elegant simplicity from every other design? You may have 11 the answer — curiosity. You’re right. A sudden flash of curiosity may get you one good product but that is far from 12 ; only continuously cultivated (培养) and defended curiosity 13 a series of excellent products. Curiosity makes us better co-workers, too. It helps us understand others, establish effective 14 with them, and develop a harmonious working environment, despite occasional 15 or differing personalities. Curious people create more, make connections, and prepare better for the unknown future. 1．A．negotiation B．workplace C．research D．classroom 2．A．generosity B．comparison C．consideration D．recognition 3．A．organized B．sensitive C．practical D．innovative 4．A．challenging B．presenting C．recommending D．examining 5．A．emerge B．cease C．survive D．struggle 6．A．preventable B．possible C．convenient D．beneficial 7．A．imaginative B．curious C．ambitious D．optimistic 8．A．reminded B．troubled C．appointed D．stimulated 9．A．previously B．specifically C．occasionally D．eventually 10．A．give in B．end up C．stand out D．fall behind 11．A．hidden B．mistaken C．copied D．guessed 12．A．sufficient B．typical C．unique D．predictable 13．A．makes for B．gives away C．checks on D．makes out 14．A．restrictions B．interactions C．competition D．debate 15．A．preference B．similarity C．conflict D．domination 三、语法填空（24-25高二四川自贡开学考试） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There’s 1 unofficial holiday you should know: leap day and leap year! A leap year is a calendar year that has an extra day, 2 (compare) with our common year. The point of leap years is to help adjust our Gregorian calendar (阳历) to the solar calendar, and make sure we celebrate solar events like the spring and autumn equinoxes (二分点) with some regularity every year. But why is Feb. 29 called leap day? Well, because Feb. 29 is our extra day! Even 3 (add) an extra day to February every four years doesn’t quite do the trick, 4 is why scientists sometimes call for a leap second, like they did in 2015 on June 30 at 11: 59: 60 pm. How do you remember if it’s a leap year? Simple: If the last two numbers of the year are divisible by four (for example, 2016, 2020, 2024...) then it’s a leap year. Century years are the 5 (except) to this rule. They must be divisible by 400 to be leap years-so, 2000 and 2400 are leap years, but 2100 will not be one. As a bonus, U.S. leap years almost always coincide with election years. According to the World Heritage Encyclopedia, in the 1800s, British-born James Milne Wilson, who later became the 6 (eight) premier (总理) of Tasmania, was born on a leap day and died on a leap day too! Wilson died on Feb. 29, 1880, on his “17th” birthday, or 7 (age) 68 in regular years. Rarer still is the possibility that three children in the same family would be born 8 three consecutive leap days, but that’s 9 (exact) what happened with the Henriksen family of Norway. Heidi Henriksen 10 (bear) on Feb. 29, 1960, her brother Olav four years later, on Feb. 29, 1964, and baby Leif-Martin four years after that, on Feb, 29, 1968. 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing Nature (提高练) —2024-2025学年高二英语40分钟限时训练 （外研版2019选择性必修第一册） 参考答案 一、 阅读理解 第一节 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 第二节 1．E 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．G 二、完形填空 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．C 三、语法填空 1．an 2．compared 3．adding 4．which 5．exception 6．eighth 7．aged 8．on 9．exactly 10．was born 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing Nature (提高练) —2024-2025学年高二英语40分钟限时训练 （外研版2019选择性必修第一册） 一、 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25山西吕梁阶段练习） When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 1．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 2．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 3．What did the participants do in the new study? A．They reported their feelings of pain. B．They interviewed many musicians. C．They made various kinds of teacups. D．They picked out the music they don't like. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.(当阿黛尔在2011年发行单曲《Someone Like You》时，这首苦乐参半的歌曲受到了全球数百万人的欢迎。十多年后，这首歌仍然是她最受欢迎的歌曲之一。她的艺术，以及其他许多掌握了用缓慢而情绪化的节奏让听众感到感动的艺术的人，有一种管理心碎和失去的情感痛苦的方法。)”可推断，作者在第一段提到Adele是为了引出话题，说明她的音乐能够引起听众的情感共鸣，并引出音乐对减轻疼痛的研究。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。观点态度题。根据第三段““It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).(当你头痛时，音乐不能代替药物，但音乐可以帮助减轻你的疼痛，”安大略省金斯敦皇后大学的教授帕特里克·斯特罗斯曼说。他没有参加这项研究。“与其他药物不同，”他指出，“听音乐没有副作用或风险(只需将音量保持在合理的水平)。”)”可知，Stroman对于听音乐减轻痛苦的效果持“肯定的”态度。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.(在评价他们的体验时，与听不熟悉的放松歌曲相比，人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦)”可知，研究的参与者会在实验中报告他们对于痛苦的感受。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.(根据发表在《疼痛研究前沿》杂志上的一项新研究，听喜欢的歌曲也可以减少人们的疼痛感。研究发现，最有效的止痛药是描述苦乐参半和情感经历的悲伤歌曲。)”可知，某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。故短文的标题为“某些类型的音乐可以帮助你减轻疼痛”。故选D项。 B（24-25江西九江开学考试） Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 5．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 6．What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. 7．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究小组开发了一种算法，这种算法可以分析来自FloraIncognita应用程序的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. (由于气候变化改变了植物生命周期中所谓的物候阶段，获取来自许多不同地点和不同植物的物候变化数据，可以用来得出关于气候变化实际后果的结论。)”可知，物候变化数据的意义在于它能反映气候变化的实际影响。故选C项。 6．词句猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一段“However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. (然而，进行这样的分析需要大量的数据，如果没有公民科学家的帮助，这种规模的数据收集是不可想象的。)”和画线部分的上文“Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve (像Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决)”可知，文中先提到需要收集大规模的数据，然后提到如Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以发挥解决的作用，由此可知，程序解决的是收集数据的问题，画线部分指代的是收集数据。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. (数据显示，每一株植物都有自己的开花或生长周期。)”可知，研究人员利用新算法得出的结论是，所有植物都有自己的生长周期。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中“The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. (研究人员开发了一种算法，该算法利用了Flora Incognita用户在德国发现的近3000种植物的近1000万份观察结果。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员利用开发的新算法分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序中的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。故选C项。 第二节 七选五（24-25高二日照开学考试） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you struggled to save up your pocket money or found it hard not to eat a whole packet of sweets in one go? 1 Also known as “willpower”, self-control means making short-term sacrifices for long-term rewards. This could be going without things you want to buy now to save up for a future treat, or walking away from an argument in case you say something hurtful. 2 It can be low at times like when you’re tired, hungry or stressed. However, there are ways to top it up. 3 Doing music practice every day means you get better at playing an instrument. Getting up early for sports training will improve your skills and help your team. Willpower helps build healthy habits, like staying away from screens before bed so you get better sleep. 4 It gives you the power to make decisions based on what is best for you, not because you’re trying to fit in with others. There are lots of studies that show good self-control can help make us happier and healthier. “It doesn’t always feel like it, but we all have willpower,” says scientist Eric Schulze. He explains that it’s like a muscle because the more you use it, the stronger it becomes. A good way to strengthen self-control is getting plenty of sleep and feeding your brain with healthy food. Focus on small goals so you don’t use up all the energy in one go. “As the day wears on that willpower muscle shrinks (萎缩) and it’s harder to resist temptation (诱惑),” Schulze says. 5 Do something that makes you laugh as a good mood can overpower a weak will. A．Success comes from self-control. B．Willpower is like a type of energy. C．It can also help you manage your emotions. D．It takes willpower to resist the two temptations. E．If so, you’ll understand the power of self-control. F．Self-control is a superpower that can help you achieve goals. G．When this happens, exercising helps you give energy to the brain. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是意志力，意志力的特点以及如何培养意志力。 1．根据上文“Have you struggled to save up your pocket money or found it hard not to eat a whole packet of sweets in one go?(你是否曾为攒零用钱而苦苦挣扎，或者发现自己很难一次不吃下一整包糖果？)”以及第二段“Also known as “willpower”, self-control means making short-term sacrifices for long-term rewards.(自我控制也被称为“意志力”，意味着为了长期的回报而做出短期的牺牲)”可知，后文提到了自我控制，推测本句是在引出后文关于自我控制的观点。故E选项“如果是这样，你就会明白自我控制的力量”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“Also known as “willpower”, self-control means making short-term sacrifices for long-term rewards. This could be going without things you want to buy now to save up for a future treat, or walking away from an argument in case you say something hurtful.(自我控制也被称为“意志力”，意味着为了长期的回报而做出短期的牺牲。这可以是不买你现在想买的东西，为将来的享受攒钱，或者在争吵中走开，以防你说了伤人的话)”以及后文“It can be low at times like when you’re tired, hungry or stressed. However, there are ways to top it up.(当你累了、饿了或压力大的时候，它可能会很低。然而，有一些方法可以补充)”可知，上文提到了意志力的作用，后文提到了意志力很低的情况，说明本句是在说明意志力具有的特点。故B选项“意志力就像一种能量”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“Doing music practice every day means you get better at playing an instrument. Getting up early for sports training will improve your skills and help your team. Willpower helps build healthy habits, like staying away from screens before bed so you get better sleep.(每天做音乐练习意味着你在演奏乐器方面做得更好。早起进行运动训练可以提高你的技能，帮助你的球队。意志力有助于养成健康的习惯，比如睡前远离屏幕，这样你就能睡得更好)”可知，后文提到了意志力有助于养成健康的习惯，即实现目标方面的作用。故F选项“自我控制是一种超能力，可以帮助你实现目标”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据后文“It gives you the power to make decisions based on what is best for you, not because you’re trying to fit in with others. There are lots of studies that show good self-control can help make us happier and healthier.(它让你有能力做出最适合自己的决定，而不是因为你试图与他人合得来。有很多研究表明，良好的自我控制可以帮助我们更快乐、更健康)”可知，后文提到了意志力可以帮助我们更快乐、更健康，即对情绪有控制能力。故C选项“它还能帮助你控制情绪”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据上文““It doesn’t always feel like it, but we all have willpower,” says scientist Eric Schulze. He explains that it’s like a muscle because the more you use it, the stronger it becomes. A good way to strengthen self-control is getting plenty of sleep and feeding your brain with healthy food. Focus on small goals so you don’t use up all the energy in one go. “As the day wears on that willpower muscle shrinks (萎缩) and it’s harder to resist temptation (诱惑),” Schulze says.(科学家埃里克·舒尔茨说：“并不总是感觉如此，但我们都有意志力。”他解释说，这就像肌肉一样，因为你使用得越多，它就变得越强壮。加强自我控制的一个好方法是获得充足的睡眠和用健康的食物喂养你的大脑。专注于小目标，这样你就不会一次耗尽所有的能量。舒尔茨说：“随着时间的流逝，意志力肌肉会萎缩，更难抵抗诱惑。”)”以及后文“Do something that makes you laugh as a good mood can overpower a weak will.(做一些能让你开怀大笑的事情，因为好心情可以战胜脆弱的意志)”可知，上文提到了时间流逝意志力萎缩的情况，推测本句对此提出建议，故G选项“当这种情况发生时，锻炼可以帮助你给大脑提供能量”符合语境，故选G。 2、 完形填空（23-24高二江西南昌期末考试） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When you think of curiosity, you might picture people exploring new books or new places. But how does it fit and, more importantly, why does it matter in the 1 ? Such questions deserve our 2 , as most of us devote most of our waking hours to work. The best workers are those who have a(n) 3 mind, always thinking out of the box and 4 the way things have usually been done. The only businesses that 5 in our rapidly changing world are those that can adapt. And such things are only 6 if people are always 7 . They ask questions like: How can we do this better? What challenges will we face? Think of Steve Jobs, probably the most celebrated entrepreneur (企业家) of our day. What 8 him to create such brilliant products, items unlike anything that had hit the market 9 ? How did the design of Apple's products 10 with such elegant simplicity from every other design? You may have 11 the answer — curiosity. You’re right. A sudden flash of curiosity may get you one good product but that is far from 12 ; only continuously cultivated (培养) and defended curiosity 13 a series of excellent products. Curiosity makes us better co-workers, too. It helps us understand others, establish effective 14 with them, and develop a harmonious working environment, despite occasional 15 or differing personalities. Curious people create more, make connections, and prepare better for the unknown future. 1．A．negotiation B．workplace C．research D．classroom 2．A．generosity B．comparison C．consideration D．recognition 3．A．organized B．sensitive C．practical D．innovative 4．A．challenging B．presenting C．recommending D．examining 5．A．emerge B．cease C．survive D．struggle 6．A．preventable B．possible C．convenient D．beneficial 7．A．imaginative B．curious C．ambitious D．optimistic 8．A．reminded B．troubled C．appointed D．stimulated 9．A．previously B．specifically C．occasionally D．eventually 10．A．give in B．end up C．stand out D．fall behind 11．A．hidden B．mistaken C．copied D．guessed 12．A．sufficient B．typical C．unique D．predictable 13．A．makes for B．gives away C．checks on D．makes out 14．A．restrictions B．interactions C．competition D．debate 15．A．preference B．similarity C．conflict D．domination 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了好奇心在工作场所的重要性以及它对创新、适应和合作的影响。它强调，好奇心驱使个人进行创新思考，挑战传统方法，并适应不断变化的环境，这对于企业在快速发展的世界中生存至关重要。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它如何适用，更重要的是，为什么它在工作场所很重要？A. negotiation谈判；B. workplace工作场所；C. research研究；D. classroom教室。根据下文“as most of us devote most of our waking hours to work”提到大部分时间都花在了工作上，由此可知，此处应表示为什么好奇心在工作场所很重要。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些问题值得我们思考，因为我们大多数人把醒着的大部分时间都花在了工作上。A. generosity慷慨；B. comparison比较；C. consideration考虑；D. recognition识别。根据上文“why does it matter in the 　　1　　?”提出的问题可知，此处应表示这些问题值得我们思考。故选C项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最优秀的员工是那些具有创新思维的人，他们总是跳出常规思维，挑战通常的做事方式。A. organized有组织的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. practical实际的；D. innovative创新的。根据下文“always thinking out of the box”提到总是跳出常规思维，由此可知，此处应表示最优秀的员工是那些具有创新思维的人。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最优秀的员工是那些具有创新思维的人，他们总是跳出常规思维，挑战通常的做事方式。A. challenging挑战；B. presenting呈现；C. recommending推荐；D. examining检查。根据下文“What challenges will we face?”提到挑战，由此可知，此处应表示他们总是跳出常规思维，挑战通常的做事方式。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个瞬息万变的世界里，只有那些能够适应的企业才能生存下来。A. emerge出现；B. cease停止；C. survive幸存；D. struggle挣扎。根据句意以及下文“in our rapidly changing world are those that can adapt.”由此可知，此处应表示只有那些能够适应的企业才能生存下来。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有人们始终保持好奇心，这样的事情才有可能发生。A. preventable可阻止的；B. possible可能的； C. convenient方便的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文提到的只有那些能够适应的企业才能生存下来，以及上文“And such things are only”已出库，此处应表示只有人们始终保持好奇心，这样的事情才有可能发生。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有人们始终保持好奇心，这样的事情才有可能发生。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. curious好奇的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据上文“When you think of curiosity”提到好奇心的话题，由此可知，此处应表示只有人们始终保持好奇心，这样的事情才有可能发生。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使他创造出如此出色的产品，这些产品不同于以往任何进入市场的产品？A. reminded提醒；B. troubled使麻烦；C. appointed约定，任命；D. stimulated促使，激发。根据上文“Think of Steve Jobs, probably the most celebrated entrepreneur(企业家) of our day.”提到史蒂夫•乔布斯，以及下文“to create such brilliant products”由此可知，此处应表示是什么促使史蒂夫•乔布斯创造出如此出色的产品。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使他创造出如此出色的产品，这些产品不同于以往任何进入市场的产品？A. previously先前地；B. specifically专门地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. eventually最终。根据句意以及上文“items unlike anything that had hit the market”由此可知，此处应表示这些产品不同于以往任何进入市场的产品。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：苹果产品的设计是如何从其他设计中脱颖而出的？A. give in让步；B. end up结束；C. stand out突出，脱颖而出；D. fall behind落后。根据上文“What stimulated him to create such brilliant products”提到创造出如此出色的产品，以及下文“with such elegant simplicity from every other design”由此可知，此处应表示苹果产品的设计是如何从其他设计中脱颖而出的？故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能已经猜到了答案——好奇心。A. hidden隐藏；B. mistaken误解；C. copied复制；D. guessed猜测。根据下文“the answer — curiosity”以及“You’re right”由此可知，此处应表示你可能已经猜到了答案——好奇心。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突如其来的好奇心可能会让你得到一件好产品，但这远远不够。A. sufficient足够的；B. typical典型的；C. unique独特的；D. predictable可预测的。根据下文“only continuously cultivated(培养) and defended curiosity ____13____ a series of excellent products.”提到的其它的要求和条件，由此可知，此处应表示好奇心可能会让你得到一件好产品，但这远远不够。故选A项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：只有不断培养和捍卫好奇心，才会有一系列优秀的产品。A. makes for有助于，使得；B. gives away捐赠；C. checks on检查；D. makes out理解，弄清楚。根据上文“only continuously cultivated and defended curiosity”以及下文“a series of excellent products”由此可知，此处应表示只有不断培养和捍卫好奇心，才会有一系列优秀的产品。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它帮助我们理解他人，与他们建立有效的互动，并建立一个和谐的工作环境，尽管偶尔会有冲突或不同的个性。A. restrictions限制；B. interactions互动；C. competition竞争；D. debate争论。根据上文“Curiosity makes us better co-workers, too.”提到好奇心也能让我们成为更好的同事，由此可知，此处应表示它帮助我们理解他人，与他们建立有效的互动。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它帮助我们理解他人，与他们建立有效的互动，并建立一个和谐的工作环境，尽管偶尔会有冲突或不同的个性。A. preference偏好；B. similarity相似性；C. conflict冲突；D. domination统治。根据句意以及despite表示转折和下文“or differing personalities”由此可知，此处应表示建立一个和谐的工作环境，尽管偶尔会有冲突或不同的个性。故选C项。 三、语法填空（24-25高二四川自贡开学考试） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There’s 1 unofficial holiday you should know: leap day and leap year! A leap year is a calendar year that has an extra day, 2 (compare) with our common year. The point of leap years is to help adjust our Gregorian calendar (阳历) to the solar calendar, and make sure we celebrate solar events like the spring and autumn equinoxes (二分点) with some regularity every year. But why is Feb. 29 called leap day? Well, because Feb. 29 is our extra day! Even 3 (add) an extra day to February every four years doesn’t quite do the trick, 4 is why scientists sometimes call for a leap second, like they did in 2015 on June 30 at 11: 59: 60 pm. How do you remember if it’s a leap year? Simple: If the last two numbers of the year are divisible by four (for example, 2016, 2020, 2024...) then it’s a leap year. Century years are the 5 (except) to this rule. They must be divisible by 400 to be leap years-so, 2000 and 2400 are leap years, but 2100 will not be one. As a bonus, U.S. leap years almost always coincide with election years. According to the World Heritage Encyclopedia, in the 1800s, British-born James Milne Wilson, who later became the 6 (eight) premier (总理) of Tasmania, was born on a leap day and died on a leap day too! Wilson died on Feb. 29, 1880, on his “17th” birthday, or 7 (age) 68 in regular years. Rarer still is the possibility that three children in the same family would be born 8 three consecutive leap days, but that’s 9 (exact) what happened with the Henriksen family of Norway. Heidi Henriksen 10 (bear) on Feb. 29, 1960, her brother Olav four years later, on Feb. 29, 1964, and baby Leif-Martin four years after that, on Feb, 29, 1968. 【答案】 1．an 2．compared 3．adding 4．which 5．exception 6．eighth 7．aged 8．on 9．exactly 10．was born 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了闰年和闰日的相关概念。 1．考查冠词。句意：有一个你应该了解的非官方假日：闰日和闰年。分析句子可知，这里使用there be句型，且be动词为is，即后面的主语holiday为单数，结合句意需要一个不定冠词表示“一个”，其后接unofficial以元音音素开头，要用an。故填an。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：比起我们平常的年份，闰年在日历上多出一天。分析句子可知，空处所在句作状语，compare与主句主语A leap year之间属于动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填compared。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使每四年在2月增加一天，也不会完全奏效，这就是为什么科学家有时会呼吁闰秒，就像他们在2015年6月30日晚上11:59:60所做的那样。空处作主语，需要动名词。故填adding。 4．考查定语从句。句意：即使每四年在2月增加一天，也不会完全奏效，这就是为什么科学家有时会呼吁闰秒，就像他们在2015年6月30日晚上11:59:60所做的那样。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，整个主句为先行词，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5．考查名词。句意：整百年份是这一规则的例外。空处前有定冠词，作表语，需要名词，结合句意应用exception表示“例外”。故填exception。 6．考查数词。句意：根据《世界遗产百科全书》，19世纪，英国出生的詹姆斯·米尔恩·威尔逊出生在闰日，也在闰日去世，他后来成为塔斯马尼亚州的第八任总理。空处作定语修饰其后名词premier，由所给词和句意推断，此处需要序数词表示“第八任（总理）”。故填eighth。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：威尔逊于1880年2月29日去世，恰逢他“17岁”生日，或者说正常年份为68岁。age与其逻辑主语Wilson之间是被动关系，需要过去分词形式aged，相当于短语at the age of。故填aged。 8．考查比较级。句意：同一家庭中的三个孩子连续三个闰日出生的可能性更小，但这正是来自挪威的亨里克森家族的情况。空处应搭配其后的时间作时间状语，在具体的一天前应用介词on。故填on。 9．考查副词。句意：同一家庭中的三个孩子连续三个闰日出生的可能性更小，但这正是来自挪威的亨里克森家族的情况。空处修饰be动词，需要副词作状语。故填exactly。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：海蒂·亨里克森出生于1960年2月29日，她的弟弟奥拉夫四年后出生于1964年2月27日，而最小的莱夫·马丁于四年后的1968年2月28日出生。动作发生在过去，bear与主语Heidi Henriksen是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Heidi Henriksen是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was born。 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$