话题03 著名人物（完形填空+阅读理解+阅读还原+语法填空+书面表达）-2025年中考英语时文热点话题题型组合练（全国通用）

中考英语热点话题03 著名人物 （完形填空2+阅读理解6+阅读还原2+语法填空2+书面表达2） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 完形填空01 本文主要介绍世界著名的画家梵高。 适中 2 完形填空02 本文以一个真实的故事讲述发明家爱迪生对他人的友善和宽容。 适中 3 阅读理解A 本文主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 适中 4 阅读理解B 本文主要介绍了蝶泳运动员张雨霏的故事。 较难 5 阅读理解C 本文主要介绍了中国古代文学家苏轼的生平和成就，告诉我们在面对困难时应该保持积极的态度。 较难 6 阅读理解D 文章讲述约瑟夫·迪图里博士，也被称为“深海博士”，创下了在水下生活100天的新世界纪录。 较难 7 阅读理解E 本文主要讲述了著名的科学家牛顿凭借掉落的苹果发现了重力的存在的故事，并介绍了他的生平。 较难 8 阅读理解F 主要介绍了叶问长子叶准的资深弟子梁忠威学习中国国粹咏春举并传承弘扬咏春拳的经历。 较难 9 阅读还原01 主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 适中 10 阅读还原02 主要讲述了庞钰千在五天内赢得四枚金牌的故事。 适中 11 语法填空01 本文主要介绍了娃哈哈的创始人宗庆后先生。 适中 12 语法填空02 本文主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。 适中 13 书面表达01 你校英文报正组织题为“A famous person in the history of Xuzhou”的征文活动，你选择的人物是苏轼（1077—1079年间任徐州知州）。 较难 14 书面表达02 假如你是Tom，请你给Lucy回信介绍你自己的偶像。 适中 一、完形填空 01 （2024·天津·中考真题）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Some artists are often not famous during their lifetime. Vincent van Gogh (梵高) was such an artist. People did not pay much attention to his 1 . He began to think he was not a very good painter. But he did not give up painting. He was so 2 in what he was painting that he did not want to stop. He would even 3 to eat! 4 , his paintings were dark. He used pencils or charcoal sticks (炭条) to make them. Then he 5 colour. He used lots of brown and dark green. Later, Vincent moved to France. He wanted to learn from the artists who 6 there. They were trying new 7 of painting. In France, Vincent began using bright colours. He used oil paints (油画颜料) to create his art. He painted both the countryside and people. He 8 painted self-portraits (自画像). He created more than 20 portraits of himself! Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. 9 people did not buy his paintings during his lifetime, his paintings sell for a lot of money today. People think his paintings are masterpieces (杰作). For example, the painting Sunflowers is very 10 all over the world. 1．A．trips B．paintings C．villages D．music 2．A．wrong B．lucky C．interested D．tired 3．A．forget B．start C．hope D．agree 4．A．At last B．Once again C．At least D．At first 5．A．helped B．added C．missed D．guessed 6．A．worked B．sang C．danced D．cooked 7．A．facts B．stories C．ways D．reports 8．A．never B．hardly C．perhaps D．also 9．A．Before B．Though C．If D．When 10．A．humorous B．polite C．famous D．quiet 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍世界著名的画家梵高。 1．句意：人们不太注意他的画。 trips旅行；paintings绘画；villages乡村；music音乐。根据“He began to think he was not a very good painter. But he did not give up painting.”可知，此处谈论绘画，故选B。 2．句意：他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，不想停下来。 wrong错误的；lucky幸运的；interested感兴趣的；tired劳累的。根据“He was so...in what he was painting that he did not want to stop.”可知，他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，此处是be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故选C。 3．句意：他甚至会忘记吃饭！ forget忘记；start开始；hope希望；agree同意。根据“He would even...to eat!”可知，他甚至会忘记吃饭，故选A。 4．句意：起初，他的画是黑色的。 At last最后；Once again再一次；At least至少；At first首先。根据“..., his paintings were dark.”可知，起初他的画是黑色的，故选D。 5．句意：然后他又加上了颜色。 helped帮助；added添加；missed错过；guessed猜。根据“Then he...colour. He used lots of brown and dark green.”可知，他又加上了颜色，故选B。 6．句意：他想向在那里工作的艺术家学习。 worked工作；sang唱歌；danced跳舞；cooked做饭。根据“He wanted to learn from the artists who...there.”可知，他想向在那里工作的艺术家学习，故选A。 7．句意：他们在尝试新的绘画方法。 facts事实；stories故事；ways方法；reports报道。根据“They were trying new...of painting.”可知，他们在尝试新的绘画方法。故选C。 8．句意：他还画了自画像。 never从不；hardly几乎不；perhaps也许；also也。根据“He painted both the countryside and people. He...painted self-portraits (自画像).”可知，他既画乡村，也画人物，还画了自画像。故选D。 9．句意：虽然人们在他生前没有买他的画，但他的画今天卖了很多钱。 Before在之前；Though虽然；If如果；When当……时。前后两句构成让步关系，用Though引导让步状语从句，故选B。 10．句意：例如，《向日葵》这幅画在全世界都很有名。 humorous幽默的；polite礼貌的；famous著名的；quiet安静的。根据“the painting Sunflowers is very...all over the world”可知，《向日葵》这幅画在全世界都很有名，故选C。 02 （2024·广东汕头·二模）Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist. But few people have 1 his kindness and tolerance (宽容) towards others. The following is a story about him. After hundreds of experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb (电灯泡). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his helper. 4 , there was a crash (巨响). Edison turned around and saw that his bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his 5 carelessly. Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his work table and set to work once more to make another bulb. A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. It was 6 on the table in front of its maker. Then Edison, with a smile, handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be 7 this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a saying goes, “Not the power to 9 , but it’s very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence (存在).” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive others, we will have a better life. 1．A．heard about B．worried about C．thought about D．looked about 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．courage C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．knees B．fingers C．arms D．eyes 6．A．fallen B．held C．taken D．laid 7．A．honest B．creative C．careful D．confident 8．A．chance B．process C．example D．lesson 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文以一个真实的故事讲述发明家爱迪生对他人的友善和宽容。 1．句意：但很少有人听说过他对别人的善良和宽容。 heard about听说；worried about担心；thought about考虑，思考；looked about四下观望。根据下文“The following is a true story about him.”可知，此处指很少有人听说过他对人善良和宽容的故事。故选A。 2．句意：经过数百次实验，爱迪生终于制造出了一个可以工作的灯泡。 sold卖；produced制造；accepted接受；checked检查。根据下文“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了一个灯泡。故选B。 3．句意：这是有史以来制造的第一个电灯泡，爱迪生非常自豪。 hope希望；courage勇气；pride自豪；surprise惊喜。根据“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了历史上第一个灯泡，他应该感到自豪。故选C。 4．句意：突然，一声巨响。 Luckily幸运地；Excitingly刺激地；Finally最后；Suddenly突然。根据上文“Take it upstairs”可知，刚刚爱迪生还让助理把完好的灯泡拿上楼，然后就听到撞击声，说明“灯泡摔碎”是突然发生的事。故选D。 5．句意：吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。 knees膝盖；fingers手指；arms胳膊；eyes眼睛。根据“Take it upstairs, Jimmy”可知，爱迪生让吉米把灯泡拿上楼，吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。故选B。 6．句意：它被放在制造者面前的桌子上。 fallen落下；held拿着；taken拿；laid放置。根据空后“on the table”可知，它被放在桌子上在。故选D。 7．句意：“这次小心点，”他说。 honest诚实的；creative有创造力的；careful小心的；confident自信的。根据“Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his...carelessly.”可知，吉米上次不小心把灯泡摔碎了，这次爱迪生让他小心点。故选C。 8．句意：他是在给那个年轻人另一个机会。 chance机会；process进程；example例子；lesson课程。根据上文“Jimmy had let the bulb slip”可知，吉米做错事了，于是爱迪生再给他一次机会。故选A。 9．句意：俗话说：“不是记忆的力量，但恰恰相反，忘记的力量是我们存在的必要条件。 receive收到；remember记得；keep保持；improve改进。根据“but it’s very opposite, the power to forget”可知，与“忘记”相反的是“记住”。故选B。 10．句意：人生苦短，没有人是完美的。 strong强壮的；nice美好的；bad坏的；perfect完美的。根据下文“ If we can forgive others, we will have a better life.”可知，我们要原谅其他人，由此可知没有人是完美的，谁都会犯错。故选D。 二、阅读理解 A （2024·山东潍坊·中考真题）Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections (感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections. In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria (细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould (霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it “mould juice”. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin. Unfortunately, Fleming’s boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things. In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming’s notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn’t get it died. Florey declared: “It looks like a miracle!” By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine. 1．Why did bacteria stop growing on one of the dishes? A．The mould juice killed them. B．Some old bread was on the dish. C．There was something special in the lab. D．The dish was on the bench for two weeks. 2．Fleming had to give up his study on penicillin because ________. A．something else was worth doing B．doing experiments cost much money C．no scientists showed an interest in it D．his boss didn’t believe his new discovery 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The discovery of penicillin. B．The great work of Chain and Florey. C．The tests on sick mice and humans. D．The value of Fleming’s notes about penicillin. 4．Which might be the best title of the text? A．The life of Fleming B．The story of Ernest Chain C．The science of fighting infections D．The birth of the world’s first antibiotic medicine 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it ‘mould juice’. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too.”可知，“霉菌汁”杀死了它们。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things.”可知，其他科学家对他的发现不感兴趣，因此弗莱明不得不放弃。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria.…By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine.”可知，本段主要讲述了欧内斯特·钱恩和他的老板霍华德·弗洛里发现了弗莱明的笔记并决定测试青霉素，最终成功地进行了实验，证明了青霉素的有效性。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现和发展过程，最终成为世界上第一种抗生素药物。因此，最合适的标题是“世界上第一种抗生素药物的诞生”。故选D。 B （2024·山东日照·二模） For the past 20 years, the Touching China annual people award has honored people from all walks of life across the country. They are people who warm our hearts with their actions. On April 8, 2024, the 2023 Touching China Award ceremony aired on CCTV. Ten inspirational role models were on the list, Zhang Yufei is one of them. In 2023, China cheered for an amazing swimmer named Zhang Yufei. She worked really hard and became famous for winning races and setting records. Zhang Yufei grew up in a small town and fell in love with swimming when she was very young. Even though she didn’t have the best pools to practice in, she kept training because she loved to swim and dreamed of becoming a champion. Zhang trained so much and became so good that she broke records in big swimming competitions in China. People everywhere started to notice her talent, and soon she was known as one of the best young swimmers in the country. The moment that everyone will remember about Zhang was at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships. There, she won not just one, but many gold medals! She was the fastest in the 200-meter butterfly, swimming faster than the old world record by a lot! What’s really cool about Zhang Yufei is she didn’t let hard times stop her. Even when she got hurt or didn’t feel well, she kept going. She didn’t say, “I can’t do it,” but used those tough times to work even harder. She proved that if you really want something, you can’t let anything stand in your way. Zhang Yufei became a hero to many kids and teenagers in China. They saw that she was just like them but had made her dreams come true by working hard and never giving up. Zhang teaches everyone that no matter what challenges you face, you can overcome them and reach your goals. Besides being an awesome swimmer, Zhang is a kind person who cares about learning. She tells kids to stay in school and learn new things while following their dreams. Zhang’s story is so special that she was named one of the “Ten Most Touching Figures in China” in 2023. Her story helps us remember that hard work pays off, and anyone can achieve their dreams if they try hard enough. Zhang Yufei is a true inspiration (鼓舞), and her story will give hope and motivation to people for many years to come. 1．What did Zhang Yufei achieve at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships? A．She won a silver medal in the 100-meter freestyle. B．She coached other swimmers to win medals. C．She was a guest of honor but did not compete. D．She broke the world record in the 200-meter butterfly. 2．How did Zhang Yufei overcome challenges in her career? A．By giving up and trying a different sport. B．By using setbacks as motivation to work harder. C．By blaming others for her failures. D．By retiring early from professional swimming. 3．Why is Zhang Yufei considered a role model for kids and teenagers? A．Because she won a lot of money in competitions. B．Because she is famous and appears on television. C．Because she worked hard and achieved her dreams despite challenges. D．Because she has a strong social media presence. 4．What is the main idea of the article? A．The importance of the Touching China annual people award. B．The process of becoming a professional swimmer. C．The special meaning of world records in sports. D．Zhang Yufei’s journey to becoming a celebrated swimmer and an inspiration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了蝶泳运动员张雨霏的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“She was the fastest in the 200-meter butterfly, swimming faster than the old world record by a lot!”可知，张雨霏在2023年世界游泳锦标赛上打破了200米蝶泳的世界纪录。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“She didn’t say, ‘I can’t do it,’ but used those tough times to work even harder. She proved that if you really want something, you can’t let anything stand in your way.”可知，她把挫折当作是动力，更加努力地工作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They saw that she was just like them but had made her dreams come true by working hard and never giving up. Zhang teaches everyone that no matter what challenges you face, you can overcome them and reach your goals.”可知，是因为她努力工作，不畏挑战，努力实现自己的梦想的品质使得她成为了孩子和青少年的榜样。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了蝶泳运动员张雨霏的故事，讲述了她成为著名的运动员的历程及她的优秀品质给于人们的启示。故选D。 C （2024·辽宁盘锦·二模）Su Shi isn’t a strange name to us, as we learn his ci in textbooks. Su is one of the most popular ancient writers. He was good at almost all kinds of writings and art, including poems, ci and prose (散文) as well as calligraphy (书法) and painting. But Su was not only respected for his talents, but also for his positive attitude towards life. When he was young, he passed the imperial examination (科举考试) and got a degree of Jinshi. After that, he became an official. Unluckily, Su was demoted (贬谪) to serve in far areas because of other officials’ bad words about him. But he was not too discouraged. First, he went to Huangzhou, in today’s Hubei. There he tried to enjoy life in the countryside. He farmed a piece of land which he called Dongpo. This is why people call him Dongpo. It is also said that he invented Dongpo Pork, a famous Chinese dish, during this period. Many of his poems were written there, too. Including Tune: Calming the Waves. Its line “Impervious to wind, rain or shine, I’ll have my will (归去! 也无风雨也无晴)” showed his open-minded attitude. Su was also demoted to Danzhou, in today’s Hainan. At the beginning, he couldn’t get used to the hot and wet weather. He couldn’t understand the local language. Instead of getting sad, he set up schools and got along well with the locals. Many people traveled from far places to visit him. “Su is a great optimist (乐天派), a friend of people, a prose master.” writer Lin Yutang said in his book about Su. 1．_________ is not mentioned about Su Shi’s talent. A．Ci B．Painting C．Singing D．Poems 2．The underlined word “discouraged” in Paragraph 3 means _________. A．disappointed B．confident C．surprised D．embarrassed 3．_________is the correct order of Su Shi’s experiences. ①He was demoted to Huangzhou.        ②He invented Dongpo Pork. ③He got a degree of Jinshi.             ④He set up schools in Danzhou. A．①②③④ B．②①④③ C．③①②④ D．③②①④ 4．What we can learn from Su Shi’s experiences? A．We should work hard to avoid ups and downs. B．We should try our best to help others. C．We should ask friends for help when we are down. D．We should stay positive when facing difficulties. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代文学家苏轼的生平和成就，告诉我们在面对困难时应该保持积极的态度。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was good at almost all kinds of writings and art, including poems, ci and prose (散文) as well as calligraphy (书法) and painting.”可知，苏轼几乎擅长各种文字和艺术，包括诗歌、词和散文， 以及书法和绘画，可知文中没有提到苏轼会唱歌。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Unluckily, Su was demoted (贬谪) to serve in far areas because of other officials’ bad words about him.”可知，由于其他官员说他的坏话，苏轼被降职到偏远地区服役。转折词“but”后表达的与实际被贬后心情相反的意思，结合“not …”可猜测，下划线“discouraged”意为“沮丧的，灰心丧气的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。第二段“When he was young, he passed the imperial examination (科举考试) and got a degree of Jinshi.”讲述了苏轼年轻时通过了科举考试，获得了进士学位；第三段“First, he went to Huangzhou, in today’s Hubei. There he tried to enjoy life in the countryside.”讲述了苏轼被贬后首先去了黄州；又根据“It is also said that he invented Dongpo Pork, a famous Chinese dish, during this period.”可知，苏轼在这一时期发明了著名的中国菜东坡肉；第四段“Instead of getting sad, he set up schools and got along well with the locals.”介绍了苏轼被贬后在儋州的生活。由此可知，其正确的顺序应为：③①②④。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“But Su was not only respected for his talents, but also for his positive attitude towards life.”以及全文都在描述苏轼被贬后依然积极面对人生的态度，可总结出我们在面对困难时也应该保持积极的态度。故选D。 D （2024·云南昆明·一模）Dr. Joseph Dituri is a teacher at the University of South Florida. He is also called Dr. Deep Sea because he has just finished an amazing adventure (冒险经历)—for 100 days, he lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days. On March 1, Dr. Dituri began the adventure. He stayed in a special underwater room. It was only 9.3 m². But it had an area to sleep, and a small living room and kitchen. The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure is. Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would influence the human body over time. In his undersea room. Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was about 66% greater than the pressure on the surface. He believes that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older. It could also help doctors treat different medical problems. While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri stayed busy. He often exercised in the morning. He kept teaching his college classes, and he had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries. He also worked with some experts to search for ways to protect and take care of the ocean. On June 9, Dr. Dituri returned to the surface. Many friends, family, and supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his success. Dr. Dituri was smiling when he came back up. Doctors quickly checked him out to make sure he was OK. Then, Dr. Dituri spoke to the crowd about his 100 days underwater. “The human body has never been underwater that long,” Dr. Dituri said, “I’m proud of setting a new record.” 1．How long has Dr. Dituri lived in a small room underwater? A．For 73 days. B．For less than 73 days. C．For 100 days. D．For more than 100 days. 2．Why did Dr. Dituri take the adventure? A．Because he is a teacher at the University of South Florida. B．Because he thought it was exciting to stay in a room underwater. C．Because he wanted to make his body stronger through the experience. D．Because he wondered how underwater pressure would influence the human body over time. 3．In Dr. Dituri’s opinion, high pressure could ________. A．make people get thinner B．help doctors treat medical problems C．make people keep younger D．help doctors invent some new medicine 4．What did Dr. Dituri do during his stay underwater? ①He did some morning exercise. ②He wrote letters to his students. ③He gave classes to his college students. ④He worked on the ocean protection. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④ 5．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．Dr. Dituri is the first one to try staying underwater for a long time B．Dr. Dituri’s friends and family paid attention to his adventure C．the pressure on the surface of the ocean is greater than that below it D．the pressure below the ocean made Dr. Dituri quite uncomfortable 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述约瑟夫·迪图里博士，也被称为“深海博士”，创下了在水下生活100天的新世界纪录，以研究高压对人体的影响。在水下期间，他坚持授课，并与来自15个不同国家和地区的5500多名学生在线交流。 1．细节理解题。根据“He is also called Dr. Deep Sea because he has just finished an amazing adventure (冒险经历)—for 100 days”可知，在水下生活100天，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure is. Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would influence the human body over time.”可知，想了解这种压力随着时间的推移会如何影响人体，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“He believes that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older. It could also help doctors treat different medical problems.”可知，可以帮助医生治疗不同的医疗问题，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“He often exercised in the morning…He kept teaching his college classes…He also worked with some experts to search for ways to protect and take care of the ocean.”可知，做一些晨练，给学生上课，从事海洋保护工作，故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“On June 9, Dr. Dituri returned to the surface. Many friends, family, and supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his success.”可知，在他返回月球表面时，许多朋友、家人和支持者都在那里迎接他，庆祝他的成功，由此可以推断，他的家人和朋友也在关注他的冒险行动，故选B。 E （2024·河南信阳·一模）Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, England in 1643, where he grew up on a farm. When he was a boy, he made lots of great inventions like a windmill (风车), a water clock and a sundial. However, Isaac didn’t get good marks at school and he always failed his tests. When he was 18, Isaac went to study at Cambridge University. He was very interested in physics, mathematics and astronomy (天文学). But in 1665 the Great Plague, which was a terrible disease, was transmitted in England, and Cambridge University had to close down. Isaac returned home to the farm. Isaac continued studying and experimenting at home. One day he was drinking a cup of tea in the garden. He saw an apple fall from a tree. “Why do apples fall down instead of up?” From this, he formed the theory of gravity (地球引力). Gravity is an invisible (无形的) force which pulls objects towards the Earth and keeps the planets moving around the Sun. Isaac was attracted by light. He discovered that white light is in fact made up of all the colors of the rainbow. Isaac also invented a special reflecting telescope (望远镜), using mirrors. It was much more powerful than other telescopes. Isaac made another very important discovery— the Three Laws of Motion (运动定律). These laws explain how objects move. Isaac’s laws are still used today. Thanks to his discoveries, Isaac became famous. However, he had a bad temper (坏脾气) and often argued with other scientists. Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 aged 85. He was buried along with English kings and queens in Westminster Abbey in London. He was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians (数学家) who has ever lived. 1．Which word is close to the underlined phrase “was transmitted”? A．Left. B．Stole. C．Spread. D．Divide. 2．According to the story, in which of the following situations did Newton form the theory of gravity? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Newton’s “Three Laws of Motion” explain? A．How objects move. B．Why objects have gravity. C．What pulls objects to the Earth. D．What keeps the planets move around the Sun. 4．Which words can best describe Isaac Newton? A．Wise and friendly. B．Proud and smart. C．Creative and hard-working. D．Bad-tempered and funny. 5．What’s the right order of the events? ①He went to study at Cambridge University.    ②Isaac Newton was born in England. ③He formed the theory of gravity.    ④He died in 1727. A．①②③④ B．②①③④ C．①②④③ D．②①④③ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了著名的科学家牛顿凭借掉落的苹果发现了重力的存在的故事，并介绍了他的生平。 1．词义猜测题。根据“But in 1665 the Great Plague, which was a terrible disease, was transmitted in England, and Cambridge University had to close down.”但1665年，一种可怕的疾病——大瘟疫在英国传播，剑桥大学不得不关闭。可知，was transmitted是“传播”的意思，与Spread表达的词义相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“One day he was drinking a cup of tea in the garden. He saw an apple fall from a tree.”一天，他在花园里喝茶。他看到一个苹果从树上掉下来。可知，图片B符合。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“These laws explain how objects move.”可知，这些定律解释了物体是如何运动的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“He was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians (数学家) who has ever lived.”可推知，牛顿富有创造力，努力工作。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, England in 1643, where he grew up on a farm.”可知，艾萨克·牛顿出生在英国。此为②；根据“When he was 18, Isaac went to study at Cambridge University. ”可知，他去了剑桥大学学习。此为①；根据“From this, he formed the theory of gravity (地球引力).”可知，他形成了引力理论。此为③；根据“Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 aged 85.”可知，他死于1727年。此为④。因此正确顺序为②①③④。故选B。 F （2024·江西上饶·一模）Ip Man (叶问) is a martial artist and a grand master of Wing Chun (咏春). His eldest son Ip Chun (叶准) is one of the most successful Wing Chun teachers today. In 1970, Liang Zhongwei was lucky enough to be able to learn from master Ip Chun and became one of Ip’s first batch (批) of students. To this day, he is over 70 years old and has been practicing Wing Chun for over 50 years. “My master is a cultured man. He taught me with strict attention to details (细节),” said Liang. From then on each day Liang would practice basic (基本) skills including the horse riding stance (扎马步) and striking a wooden dummy (木人桩) for three hours. It’s easy for beginners to get started with simple moves. But to move to a higher level, Liang thinks the key lies in relaxing. Nervousness makes people stiff (僵硬的). Once they calm down and are at peace, they can focus and throw a more powerful punch (出拳). After Liang retired (退休) in the 1990s, he focused on promoting (推动) Wing Chun. He has taught more than 5,000 people in over 30 kung fu clubs across the country. Liang encourages everyone to practice Wing Chun. He thinks learning is not just about fighting. People can take it as a hobby or as physical exercise. “People can practice Wing Chun with different goals,” Liang said. 1．What do we know from the first paragraph? A．Ip Man created Wing Chun. B．Ip Man didn’t teach others Wing Chun. C．Ip Chun is Ip Man’s grandson. D．Ip Chun taught Wing Chun very well. 2．When did Liang probably start to practice Wing Chun? A．At the age of 10. B．At the age of 20. C．At the age of 40. D．At the age of 70. 3．According to Liang, which of the following is a good way to practice Wing Chun? A．Often ride a horse. B．Stay nervous and focused. C．Stay relaxed and calm. D．Always use simple moves. 4．What is Liang’s attitude toward Wing Chun? ①Wing Chun can be taken as a hobby. ②Wing Chun is the best way to fight. ③People of different ages can practice Wing Chun. ④ Wing Chun is good exercise for people from all walks of life. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Fighting Others with Wing Chun. B．Passing on the Culture of Wing Chun. C．A Famous Master of Wing Chun. D．A Good Hobby for Chinese. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了叶问长子叶准的资深弟子梁忠威学习中国国粹咏春举并传承弘扬咏春拳的经历。在梁忠威看来：学习咏春拳不仅仅是为了战斗，人们可以把它作为一种爱好或体育锻炼传承下去。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“His eldest son Ip Chun is one of the most successful Wing Chun teachers today.”可知叶问的长子叶准作为当今最著名的咏春拳老师之一，咏春拳教学出色。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“To this day, he is over 70 years old and has been practicing Wing Chun for over 50 years.”可知今年梁忠威70岁，练习咏春拳超过50年了，可推断他在20岁的时候就开始练习咏春拳。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But to move to a higher level, Liang thinks the key lies in relaxing.”及“Once they calm down and are at peace, they can focus and throw a more powerful punch.”可知高水平的咏春拳秘诀就是放松和保持平静。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He thinks learning is not just about fighting. People can take it as a hobby or as physical exercise. ‘People can practice Wing Chun with different goals,’ Liang said.”可知梁认为咏春拳不仅仅是关于打架的，可以当成一个爱好或体育锻炼，适合不同年龄段各行各业的人群。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文意主要介绍了叶问长子叶准的资深弟子梁忠威学习中国国粹咏春举并传承弘扬咏春拳的经历。可知最后的题目就是传承咏春文化。故选B。 三、阅读还原 01 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 （2024·吉林·中考真题）Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 1．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。 02 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有两个选项是多余的。 （2024·江苏连云港·二模）What can you achieve in five days? Learn a dance? Read a book? Go on a road trip? What about winning four gold medals? 1 But a teenage girl did that! In October 2022, Pang Yuqian won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle events in five days. 2 But Pang, an 18-year-old high school student from Sichuan, did a good job. “She’s little, thin and quiet, but she becomes different as soon as she holds a rifle in her hands,” Pang’s coach said. “You will see a girl full of energy and strength.” 3 One of them is concentration. For Pang, she puts her heart into it and completely devotes her time and energy to training. She is strict with herself and listens to her coach carefully, even though she has a gift for the sport. 56 After winning the four gold medals, Pand didn’t show off achievements and kept on training. Pang’s teammates shared her story online. People know that her success depends on not only her gift, but her efforts. 4 After all, not everyone can achieve what she has already achieved. Pang shot for the moon and got it. What a great example to us! Come on, everyone, let’s make big plans and dream big dreams. Even if we miss the moon, we’ll still land among the stars! A．She made many friends there. B．You may think it is impossible. C．It was her first international competition. D．A player needs lots of things in this sport. E．The coach devotes much time helping Pang Yuqian. F．All of them are proud of Pang and express their support to her. G．Now, because of years of training, Pang is already a great athlete. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了庞钰千在五天内赢得四枚金牌的故事。 1．根据“But a teenage girl did that!”可知，but表示转折，推知空处是说五天赢得四枚金牌很难实现，选项B“你可能认为这不可能。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“In October 2022, Pang Yuqian won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle events in five days.”和“But Pang, an 18-year-old high school student from Sichuan, did a good job.”可知，空处与庞钰千参与比赛相关，选项C“这是她第一次参加的国际性比赛。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“One of them is concentration.”可知，空处是说这项运动的要求，选项D“在这项运动中，运动员需要很多东西。”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据“For Pang, she puts her heart into it and completely devotes her time and energy to training. She is strict with herself and listens to her coach carefully, even though she has a gift for the sport.”可知，空处是说庞训练取得的成果，选项G“现在由于多年的训练，庞已经是一位伟大的运动员了。”符合语境。故选G。 5．根据“People know that her success depends on not only her gift, but her efforts.”可知，空处是说大家对庞钰千的态度，选项F“他们都为庞感到骄傲，都向她表达了支持。”符合语境。故选F。 四、语法填空 01 （2024·吉林长春·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zong Qinghou, the founder (创始人) of Wahaha Group, was born in 1945. When he was a child, he lived 1 hard and poor life. However, his parents were strict 2 him and he studied really well at school. Unluckily, he left school and began making money to support his family at the age of 17. At first, he worked as a worker and a salesman, and then he set up an electric fan factory. These efforts led to his future success. Zong started 3 (he) own business when he was 42 years old. In 1988, Zong saw a chance in the children’s nutrition (营养) market. Through hard work and wise decisions, he started Wahaha and it 4 (quick) became a bestseller in China. In 2002, Wahaha’s production became the 5 (nine) largest in the world. Having become rich and famous, Zong thought it was his duty to make our society 6 (warm) and happier. Because of the experiences of being poor, he understood and cared for people 7 were less lucky. In 2020, Wahaha Group spent 942 million yuan 8 (build) more than 1,360 apartments for its workers in Hangzhou. Zong died of an illness on February 25th, 2024. A number of flowers 9 (put) in front of the building of Wahaha Group. 10 Zong is gone now, his stories will continue to encourage people in China. He has set a good example to the young. 【答案】 1．a 2．with 3．his 4．quickly 5．ninth 6．warmer 7．who 8．building 9．were put 10．Although 【导语】本文主要介绍了娃哈哈的创始人宗庆后先生。 1．句意：当他孩童时，他过着艰难而贫穷的生活。根据“he lived...hard and poor life.”可知，空处需不定冠词，hard是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用a修饰。故填a。 2．句意：然而，他的父母对他非常严格，他在学校也学习好。be strict with sb.是固定短语，表示“对某人严格”。故填with。 3．句意：他在42岁时开始了自己的生意。根据“...own business...”可知，空处需形容词性物主代词来修饰名词，he为主格，其形代为his。故填his。 4．句意：通过辛勤工作和明智的决策，他创立了娃哈哈，并且很快成为中国的畅销产品。became为动词，需副词修饰，quick“快的”为形容词，其副词为quickly。故填quickly。 5．句意：娃哈哈的产量成为世界第九。根据“became the... largest in the world.”可知，空处表顺序，需序数词，nine为基数词，其序数词为ninth。故填ninth。 6．句意：变得富有和出名后，宗庆后认为他有责任让我们的社会更加温暖、更加幸福。根据“...and happier”可知，and表并列，故前后词的形式一致，空处需用比较级，warm“温暖的”的比较级为warmer。故填warmer。 7．句意：因为贫穷的经历，他理解并关心那些不那么幸运的人。根据分析句子成分可知，此句为定语从句，空处需要关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，故填who。 8．句意：2020年，娃哈哈集团花费9.42亿元在杭州为员工建造了超过1360套的公寓。spend some money doing sth.表示“花费金钱做某事”，需动名词，build的动名词为building。故填building。 9．句意：许多花被放在娃哈哈集团大楼前。A number of flowers与动词put之间是被动关系，因是发生过的事，需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为were/was+done，主语为复数，需用were。故填were put。 10．句意：虽然宗庆后已离世，但他的故事将继续激励中国人民。根据空后两句关系可知，空处表让步，需Although来引导让步状语从句。故填Although。 02 （2024·湖南衡阳·一模）阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting guide book—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 (picture). He decided 4 (learn) by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 (start) to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 (good) artists of all time. 7 (He) paintings are generally about the small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps (虾) and frogs. Mouse and Cat with Lamp is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole (杆子). Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight. All the works 9 (create) by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 (real) a master of art and the pride of Hunan. 【答案】 1．a 2．of 3．pictures 4．to learn 5．started 6．best 7．His 8．that 9．were created 10．really 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。 1．句意：他出生在湖南湘潭的一个贫困家庭。此处泛指“一个贫穷的家庭”，poor以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．句意：因为生病，他在学校待了不到一年。because of“因为”。故填of。 3．句意：这本书激发了他对绘画的兴趣。此处表示泛指，用名词复数pictures“图片”。故填pictures。 4．句意：他决定自学，后来通过他的努力成为了一名艺术大师。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to learn。 5．句意：1902年，他开始周游中国。根据“In 1902”可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式started“开始”。故填started。 6．句意：这些经历帮助他成为有史以来最好的艺术家之一。one of the+最高级+名词复数表示“最……的……之一”。故填best。 7．句意：他的画一般都是关于世界上的小事物，比如鱼、虾和青蛙。修饰名词，用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填His。 8．句意：它们是如此逼真，看起来它们会跳出纸来打架。根据“so lively...it looks like...”可知，此处是so...that“如此……以至于”。故填that。 9．句意：所有的作品都是齐白石以新鲜的方式创作的，表达了他对自然和生命的热爱。主语“all the works”和谓语create“创造”之间是被动关系，根据“expressed”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were created。 10．句意：他真是艺术大师，湖南的骄傲。此处指“他真的是一名艺术大师”，用副词really。故填really。 五、书面表达 1．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）假定你是徐州的一名九年级学生李华。你校英文报正组织题为“A famous person in the history of Xuzhou”的征文活动，你选择的人物是苏轼（1077—1079年间任徐州知州）。请结合以下要点写一篇英语短文，参加征文活动。 注意： 1. 征文需包括以上三个要点； 2. 词数90左右； 3. 征文中不得泄露个人信息。 提示词:苏堤 Su Causeway 黄楼 Huanglou Pavilion ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A famous person in the history of Xuzhou Su Shi, also known as Su Dongpo, was a famous poet, writer, and politician in ancient China. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets in Chinese history and his works have been admired for centuries. Su Shi’s contributions to Xuzhou, in particular, are significant and have left a lasting influence on the city. He led people to finish the construction of the famous Su Causeway and the Huanglou Pavilion, which helped to control flooding and protect the people of Xuzhou. Su Shi also discovered coal in the area. Besides his achievements, Su Shi was a productive poet. Su Shi’s time in Xuzhou was a period of great creativity and productivity, and his works reflect his love for the city and its people. When Su Shi eventually left Xuzhou, the people were very sad. Su Shi’s legacy in Xuzhou lives on through his writings, the structures he helped build, and the memories of the people he touched. He is remembered as a hero and a cultural icon in Xuzhou, and his contributions to the city will never be forgotten. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般过去时为主； ③提示：写作提示已给出，考生应注意不要漏写你的感受，适当发挥，使上下文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，简单阐述苏轼的身份以及成就； 第二步，苏轼在任徐州知州之间的经历； 第三步，说说你的感受。 [亮点词汇] ①be regarded as被认为 ②admire...for...因……羡慕 ③contribute to对……做贡献 [高分句型] ①When Su Shi eventually left Xuzhou, the people were very sad.（时间状语从句） ②He led people to finish the construction of the famous Su Causeway and the Huanglou Pavilion, which helped to control flooding and protect the people of Xuzhou.（定语从句） 2．（2024·湖北孝感·二模）每个人心中都有偶像，不同的人对待偶像的态度也各不相同。有些人模仿偶像的一切，有些人则从偶像身上汲取营养，学习优点。假如你是Tom，请你给Lucy回信介绍你自己的偶像。 Dear friends,     Since the film YOLO came out, Jia Ling, the director and actress, has become my idol (偶像). I learn a lot from her and improve myself. Who is your idol? Why do you like him/her? What do you learn from him/her?     Share with me! Yours, Lucy 要求： （1）你的回信中要包含上文中提到的内容（黑体部分）； （2）文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； （3）词数80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Lucy, I am happy to hear from you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 【答案】例文 Dear Lucy, I am happy to hear from you. My idol is Andy Lau. He is a very famous super star in Hong Kong. The reason why I like him is that he is very hard-working. He is successful not only in acting but also in singing. What’s more, it is reported that he loves his parents very much and he is filial to them. Besides, he is extremely handsome. As a result of above, I want to grow into a person like him, who always sets a positive example for the youngsters. Moreover, I have learned a truth from him: No pain, no gain. Yours, Tom 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一封书信； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：根据提示内容介绍自己的偶像，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍自己的偶像是谁； 第二步，介绍为什么喜欢他/她； 第三步，介绍你从他/她那里学到了什么。 [亮点词汇] ①hear from收到……的来信 ②it is reported that据报道 ③set a positive example for为……树立了一个积极的榜样 [高分句型] The reason why I like him is that he is very hard-working. (why引导的定语从句，that引导的表语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中考英语热点话题03 著名人物 （完形填空2+阅读理解6+阅读还原2+语法填空2+书面表达2） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 完形填空01 本文主要介绍世界著名的画家梵高。 适中 2 完形填空02 本文以一个真实的故事讲述发明家爱迪生对他人的友善和宽容。 适中 3 阅读理解A 本文主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 适中 4 阅读理解B 本文主要介绍了蝶泳运动员张雨霏的故事。 较难 5 阅读理解C 本文主要介绍了中国古代文学家苏轼的生平和成就，告诉我们在面对困难时应该保持积极的态度。 较难 6 阅读理解D 文章讲述约瑟夫·迪图里博士，也被称为“深海博士”，创下了在水下生活100天的新世界纪录。 较难 7 阅读理解E 本文主要讲述了著名的科学家牛顿凭借掉落的苹果发现了重力的存在的故事，并介绍了他的生平。 较难 8 阅读理解F 主要介绍了叶问长子叶准的资深弟子梁忠威学习中国国粹咏春举并传承弘扬咏春拳的经历。 较难 9 阅读还原01 主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 适中 10 阅读还原02 主要讲述了庞钰千在五天内赢得四枚金牌的故事。 适中 11 语法填空01 本文主要介绍了娃哈哈的创始人宗庆后先生。 适中 12 语法填空02 本文主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。 适中 13 书面表达01 你校英文报正组织题为“A famous person in the history of Xuzhou”的征文活动，你选择的人物是苏轼（1077—1079年间任徐州知州）。 较难 14 书面表达02 假如你是Tom，请你给Lucy回信介绍你自己的偶像。 适中 一、完形填空 01 （2024·天津·中考真题）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Some artists are often not famous during their lifetime. Vincent van Gogh (梵高) was such an artist. People did not pay much attention to his 1 . He began to think he was not a very good painter. But he did not give up painting. He was so 2 in what he was painting that he did not want to stop. He would even 3 to eat! 4 , his paintings were dark. He used pencils or charcoal sticks (炭条) to make them. Then he 5 colour. He used lots of brown and dark green. Later, Vincent moved to France. He wanted to learn from the artists who 6 there. They were trying new 7 of painting. In France, Vincent began using bright colours. He used oil paints (油画颜料) to create his art. He painted both the countryside and people. He 8 painted self-portraits (自画像). He created more than 20 portraits of himself! Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. 9 people did not buy his paintings during his lifetime, his paintings sell for a lot of money today. People think his paintings are masterpieces (杰作). For example, the painting Sunflowers is very 10 all over the world. 1．A．trips B．paintings C．villages D．music 2．A．wrong B．lucky C．interested D．tired 3．A．forget B．start C．hope D．agree 4．A．At last B．Once again C．At least D．At first 5．A．helped B．added C．missed D．guessed 6．A．worked B．sang C．danced D．cooked 7．A．facts B．stories C．ways D．reports 8．A．never B．hardly C．perhaps D．also 9．A．Before B．Though C．If D．When 10．A．humorous B．polite C．famous D．quiet 02 （2024·广东汕头·二模）Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist. But few people have 1 his kindness and tolerance (宽容) towards others. The following is a story about him. After hundreds of experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb (电灯泡). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his helper. 4 , there was a crash (巨响). Edison turned around and saw that his bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his 5 carelessly. Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his work table and set to work once more to make another bulb. A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. It was 6 on the table in front of its maker. Then Edison, with a smile, handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be 7 this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a saying goes, “Not the power to 9 , but it’s very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence (存在).” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive others, we will have a better life. 1．A．heard about B．worried about C．thought about D．looked about 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．courage C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．knees B．fingers C．arms D．eyes 6．A．fallen B．held C．taken D．laid 7．A．honest B．creative C．careful D．confident 8．A．chance B．process C．example D．lesson 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 二、阅读理解 A （2024·山东潍坊·中考真题）Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections (感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections. In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria (细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould (霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it “mould juice”. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin. Unfortunately, Fleming’s boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things. In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming’s notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn’t get it died. Florey declared: “It looks like a miracle!” By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine. 1．Why did bacteria stop growing on one of the dishes? A．The mould juice killed them. B．Some old bread was on the dish. C．There was something special in the lab. D．The dish was on the bench for two weeks. 2．Fleming had to give up his study on penicillin because ________. A．something else was worth doing B．doing experiments cost much money C．no scientists showed an interest in it D．his boss didn’t believe his new discovery 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The discovery of penicillin. B．The great work of Chain and Florey. C．The tests on sick mice and humans. D．The value of Fleming’s notes about penicillin. 4．Which might be the best title of the text? A．The life of Fleming B．The story of Ernest Chain C．The science of fighting infections D．The birth of the world’s first antibiotic medicine B （2024·山东日照·二模） For the past 20 years, the Touching China annual people award has honored people from all walks of life across the country. They are people who warm our hearts with their actions. On April 8, 2024, the 2023 Touching China Award ceremony aired on CCTV. Ten inspirational role models were on the list, Zhang Yufei is one of them. In 2023, China cheered for an amazing swimmer named Zhang Yufei. She worked really hard and became famous for winning races and setting records. Zhang Yufei grew up in a small town and fell in love with swimming when she was very young. Even though she didn’t have the best pools to practice in, she kept training because she loved to swim and dreamed of becoming a champion. Zhang trained so much and became so good that she broke records in big swimming competitions in China. People everywhere started to notice her talent, and soon she was known as one of the best young swimmers in the country. The moment that everyone will remember about Zhang was at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships. There, she won not just one, but many gold medals! She was the fastest in the 200-meter butterfly, swimming faster than the old world record by a lot! What’s really cool about Zhang Yufei is she didn’t let hard times stop her. Even when she got hurt or didn’t feel well, she kept going. She didn’t say, “I can’t do it,” but used those tough times to work even harder. She proved that if you really want something, you can’t let anything stand in your way. Zhang Yufei became a hero to many kids and teenagers in China. They saw that she was just like them but had made her dreams come true by working hard and never giving up. Zhang teaches everyone that no matter what challenges you face, you can overcome them and reach your goals. Besides being an awesome swimmer, Zhang is a kind person who cares about learning. She tells kids to stay in school and learn new things while following their dreams. Zhang’s story is so special that she was named one of the “Ten Most Touching Figures in China” in 2023. Her story helps us remember that hard work pays off, and anyone can achieve their dreams if they try hard enough. Zhang Yufei is a true inspiration (鼓舞), and her story will give hope and motivation to people for many years to come. 1．What did Zhang Yufei achieve at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships? A．She won a silver medal in the 100-meter freestyle. B．She coached other swimmers to win medals. C．She was a guest of honor but did not compete. D．She broke the world record in the 200-meter butterfly. 2．How did Zhang Yufei overcome challenges in her career? A．By giving up and trying a different sport. B．By using setbacks as motivation to work harder. C．By blaming others for her failures. D．By retiring early from professional swimming. 3．Why is Zhang Yufei considered a role model for kids and teenagers? A．Because she won a lot of money in competitions. B．Because she is famous and appears on television. C．Because she worked hard and achieved her dreams despite challenges. D．Because she has a strong social media presence. 4．What is the main idea of the article? A．The importance of the Touching China annual people award. B．The process of becoming a professional swimmer. C．The special meaning of world records in sports. D．Zhang Yufei’s journey to becoming a celebrated swimmer and an inspiration. C （2024·辽宁盘锦·二模）Su Shi isn’t a strange name to us, as we learn his ci in textbooks. Su is one of the most popular ancient writers. He was good at almost all kinds of writings and art, including poems, ci and prose (散文) as well as calligraphy (书法) and painting. But Su was not only respected for his talents, but also for his positive attitude towards life. When he was young, he passed the imperial examination (科举考试) and got a degree of Jinshi. After that, he became an official. Unluckily, Su was demoted (贬谪) to serve in far areas because of other officials’ bad words about him. But he was not too discouraged. First, he went to Huangzhou, in today’s Hubei. There he tried to enjoy life in the countryside. He farmed a piece of land which he called Dongpo. This is why people call him Dongpo. It is also said that he invented Dongpo Pork, a famous Chinese dish, during this period. Many of his poems were written there, too. Including Tune: Calming the Waves. Its line “Impervious to wind, rain or shine, I’ll have my will (归去! 也无风雨也无晴)” showed his open-minded attitude. Su was also demoted to Danzhou, in today’s Hainan. At the beginning, he couldn’t get used to the hot and wet weather. He couldn’t understand the local language. Instead of getting sad, he set up schools and got along well with the locals. Many people traveled from far places to visit him. “Su is a great optimist (乐天派), a friend of people, a prose master.” writer Lin Yutang said in his book about Su. 1．_________ is not mentioned about Su Shi’s talent. A．Ci B．Painting C．Singing D．Poems 2．The underlined word “discouraged” in Paragraph 3 means _________. A．disappointed B．confident C．surprised D．embarrassed 3．_________is the correct order of Su Shi’s experiences. ①He was demoted to Huangzhou.        ②He invented Dongpo Pork. ③He got a degree of Jinshi.             ④He set up schools in Danzhou. A．①②③④ B．②①④③ C．③①②④ D．③②①④ 4．What we can learn from Su Shi’s experiences? A．We should work hard to avoid ups and downs. B．We should try our best to help others. C．We should ask friends for help when we are down. D．We should stay positive when facing difficulties. D （2024·云南昆明·一模）Dr. Joseph Dituri is a teacher at the University of South Florida. He is also called Dr. Deep Sea because he has just finished an amazing adventure (冒险经历)—for 100 days, he lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days. On March 1, Dr. Dituri began the adventure. He stayed in a special underwater room. It was only 9.3 m². But it had an area to sleep, and a small living room and kitchen. The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure is. Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would influence the human body over time. In his undersea room. Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was about 66% greater than the pressure on the surface. He believes that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older. It could also help doctors treat different medical problems. While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri stayed busy. He often exercised in the morning. He kept teaching his college classes, and he had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries. He also worked with some experts to search for ways to protect and take care of the ocean. On June 9, Dr. Dituri returned to the surface. Many friends, family, and supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his success. Dr. Dituri was smiling when he came back up. Doctors quickly checked him out to make sure he was OK. Then, Dr. Dituri spoke to the crowd about his 100 days underwater. “The human body has never been underwater that long,” Dr. Dituri said, “I’m proud of setting a new record.” 1．How long has Dr. Dituri lived in a small room underwater? A．For 73 days. B．For less than 73 days. C．For 100 days. D．For more than 100 days. 2．Why did Dr. Dituri take the adventure? A．Because he is a teacher at the University of South Florida. B．Because he thought it was exciting to stay in a room underwater. C．Because he wanted to make his body stronger through the experience. D．Because he wondered how underwater pressure would influence the human body over time. 3．In Dr. Dituri’s opinion, high pressure could ________. A．make people get thinner B．help doctors treat medical problems C．make people keep younger D．help doctors invent some new medicine 4．What did Dr. Dituri do during his stay underwater? ①He did some morning exercise. ②He wrote letters to his students. ③He gave classes to his college students. ④He worked on the ocean protection. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④ 5．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．Dr. Dituri is the first one to try staying underwater for a long time B．Dr. Dituri’s friends and family paid attention to his adventure C．the pressure on the surface of the ocean is greater than that below it D．the pressure below the ocean made Dr. Dituri quite uncomfortable E （2024·河南信阳·一模）Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, England in 1643, where he grew up on a farm. When he was a boy, he made lots of great inventions like a windmill (风车), a water clock and a sundial. However, Isaac didn’t get good marks at school and he always failed his tests. When he was 18, Isaac went to study at Cambridge University. He was very interested in physics, mathematics and astronomy (天文学). But in 1665 the Great Plague, which was a terrible disease, was transmitted in England, and Cambridge University had to close down. Isaac returned home to the farm. Isaac continued studying and experimenting at home. One day he was drinking a cup of tea in the garden. He saw an apple fall from a tree. “Why do apples fall down instead of up?” From this, he formed the theory of gravity (地球引力). Gravity is an invisible (无形的) force which pulls objects towards the Earth and keeps the planets moving around the Sun. Isaac was attracted by light. He discovered that white light is in fact made up of all the colors of the rainbow. Isaac also invented a special reflecting telescope (望远镜), using mirrors. It was much more powerful than other telescopes. Isaac made another very important discovery— the Three Laws of Motion (运动定律). These laws explain how objects move. Isaac’s laws are still used today. Thanks to his discoveries, Isaac became famous. However, he had a bad temper (坏脾气) and often argued with other scientists. Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 aged 85. He was buried along with English kings and queens in Westminster Abbey in London. He was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians (数学家) who has ever lived. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which word is close to the underlined phrase “was transmitted”? A．Left. B．Stole. C．Spread. D．Divide. 2．According to the story, in which of the following situations did Newton form the theory of gravity? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Newton’s “Three Laws of Motion” explain? A．How objects move. B．Why objects have gravity. C．What pulls objects to the Earth. D．What keeps the planets move around the Sun. 4．Which words can best describe Isaac Newton? A．Wise and friendly. B．Proud and smart. C．Creative and hard-working. D．Bad-tempered and funny. 5．What’s the right order of the events? ①He went to study at Cambridge University.    ②Isaac Newton was born in England. ③He formed the theory of gravity.    ④He died in 1727. A．①②③④ B．②①③④ C．①②④③ D．②①④③ F （2024·江西上饶·一模）Ip Man (叶问) is a martial artist and a grand master of Wing Chun (咏春). His eldest son Ip Chun (叶准) is one of the most successful Wing Chun teachers today. In 1970, Liang Zhongwei was lucky enough to be able to learn from master Ip Chun and became one of Ip’s first batch (批) of students. To this day, he is over 70 years old and has been practicing Wing Chun for over 50 years. “My master is a cultured man. He taught me with strict attention to details (细节),” said Liang. From then on each day Liang would practice basic (基本) skills including the horse riding stance (扎马步) and striking a wooden dummy (木人桩) for three hours. It’s easy for beginners to get started with simple moves. But to move to a higher level, Liang thinks the key lies in relaxing. Nervousness makes people stiff (僵硬的). Once they calm down and are at peace, they can focus and throw a more powerful punch (出拳). After Liang retired (退休) in the 1990s, he focused on promoting (推动) Wing Chun. He has taught more than 5,000 people in over 30 kung fu clubs across the country. Liang encourages everyone to practice Wing Chun. He thinks learning is not just about fighting. People can take it as a hobby or as physical exercise. “People can practice Wing Chun with different goals,” Liang said. 1．What do we know from the first paragraph? A．Ip Man created Wing Chun. B．Ip Man didn’t teach others Wing Chun. C．Ip Chun is Ip Man’s grandson. D．Ip Chun taught Wing Chun very well. 2．When did Liang probably start to practice Wing Chun? A．At the age of 10. B．At the age of 20. C．At the age of 40. D．At the age of 70. 3．According to Liang, which of the following is a good way to practice Wing Chun? A．Often ride a horse. B．Stay nervous and focused. C．Stay relaxed and calm. D．Always use simple moves. 4．What is Liang’s attitude toward Wing Chun? ①Wing Chun can be taken as a hobby. ②Wing Chun is the best way to fight. ③People of different ages can practice Wing Chun. ④ Wing Chun is good exercise for people from all walks of life. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Fighting Others with Wing Chun. B．Passing on the Culture of Wing Chun. C．A Famous Master of Wing Chun. D．A Good Hobby for Chinese. 三、阅读还原 01 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 （2024·吉林·中考真题）Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 02 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有两个选项是多余的。 （2024·江苏连云港·二模）What can you achieve in five days? Learn a dance? Read a book? Go on a road trip? What about winning four gold medals? 1 But a teenage girl did that! In October 2022, Pang Yuqian won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle events in five days. 2 But Pang, an 18-year-old high school student from Sichuan, did a good job. “She’s little, thin and quiet, but she becomes different as soon as she holds a rifle in her hands,” Pang’s coach said. “You will see a girl full of energy and strength.” 3 One of them is concentration. For Pang, she puts her heart into it and completely devotes her time and energy to training. She is strict with herself and listens to her coach carefully, even though she has a gift for the sport. 56 After winning the four gold medals, Pand didn’t show off achievements and kept on training. Pang’s teammates shared her story online. People know that her success depends on not only her gift, but her efforts. 4 After all, not everyone can achieve what she has already achieved. Pang shot for the moon and got it. What a great example to us! Come on, everyone, let’s make big plans and dream big dreams. Even if we miss the moon, we’ll still land among the stars! A．She made many friends there. B．You may think it is impossible. C．It was her first international competition. D．A player needs lots of things in this sport. E．The coach devotes much time helping Pang Yuqian. F．All of them are proud of Pang and express their support to her. G．Now, because of years of training, Pang is already a great athlete. 四、语法填空 01 （2024·吉林长春·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zong Qinghou, the founder (创始人) of Wahaha Group, was born in 1945. When he was a child, he lived 1 hard and poor life. However, his parents were strict 2 him and he studied really well at school. Unluckily, he left school and began making money to support his family at the age of 17. At first, he worked as a worker and a salesman, and then he set up an electric fan factory. These efforts led to his future success. Zong started 3 (he) own business when he was 42 years old. In 1988, Zong saw a chance in the children’s nutrition (营养) market. Through hard work and wise decisions, he started Wahaha and it 4 (quick) became a bestseller in China. In 2002, Wahaha’s production became the 5 (nine) largest in the world. Having become rich and famous, Zong thought it was his duty to make our society 6 (warm) and happier. Because of the experiences of being poor, he understood and cared for people 7 were less lucky. In 2020, Wahaha Group spent 942 million yuan 8 (build) more than 1,360 apartments for its workers in Hangzhou. Zong died of an illness on February 25th, 2024. A number of flowers 9 (put) in front of the building of Wahaha Group. 10 Zong is gone now, his stories will continue to encourage people in China. He has set a good example to the young. 02 （2024·湖南衡阳·一模）阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting guide book—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 (picture). He decided 4 (learn) by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 (start) to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 (good) artists of all time. 7 (He) paintings are generally about the small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps (虾) and frogs. Mouse and Cat with Lamp is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole (杆子). Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight. All the works 9 (create) by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 (real) a master of art and the pride of Hunan. 五、书面表达 1．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）假定你是徐州的一名九年级学生李华。你校英文报正组织题为“A famous person in the history of Xuzhou”的征文活动，你选择的人物是苏轼（1077—1079年间任徐州知州）。请结合以下要点写一篇英语短文，参加征文活动。 注意： 1. 征文需包括以上三个要点； 2. 词数90左右； 3. 征文中不得泄露个人信息。 提示词:苏堤 Su Causeway 黄楼 Huanglou Pavilion ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2024·湖北孝感·二模）每个人心中都有偶像，不同的人对待偶像的态度也各不相同。有些人模仿偶像的一切，有些人则从偶像身上汲取营养，学习优点。假如你是Tom，请你给Lucy回信介绍你自己的偶像。 Dear friends,     Since the film YOLO came out, Jia Ling, the director and actress, has become my idol (偶像). I learn a lot from her and improve myself. Who is your idol? Why do you like him/her? What do you learn from him/her?     Share with me! Yours, Lucy 要求： （1）你的回信中要包含上文中提到的内容（黑体部分）； （2）文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； （3）词数80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Lucy, I am happy to hear from you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$