Unit 3 单元核心知识点精讲精练（词汇、句型、语音、语法）-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语上册同步学与练（人教版2024）

Unit 3 My school 单元核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 本资料包含单元重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重要句型和语法讲解，以及其他单元重要知识点。 · 本资料含随学随练和综合练习题，并附带答案与解析。 · 本单元内容思维导图: 1、 单元重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. dining hall 餐厅 2. *in front of 在...的前面 3. art building 艺术楼 4. next to 在...旁边 5. *across from 在...对面 6. behind the student center 在学生中心后面 7. classroom building 教学楼 8. science building 科学楼 9. school hall 学校礼堂 10. music hall 音乐厅 11. between...and... 在...和...之间 12. *sports field 运动场 13. student’s desk 讲台 14. a smart whiteboard 智能白板 15. *put up 张贴；搭建 16. *at the back of... 在...后面 17. reading corner 阅读角 18. in the UK 在英国 19. in the corner 在墙角 20. fun things 有趣的事情 21. *at school 在学校 22. *different from 与...不一样 23. thanks for 因...而感谢 24. answer your question 回答你的问题 25. *do exercises 做体操 26. raise the flag 升旗 27. a special way to do 做某事的一个特别的方式 28. most of the time 大多数时间 29. change seats 更换座位 30. my best friend 我最好的朋友 31. many kinds of 很多种类的 32. *How about...? ...怎么样？ 33. send you an email 给你发送一份邮件 34. *similar to 类似的，相像的 35. sound fun 听起来很有趣 36. would(’d) like to do 表示愿意，喜欢 37. tell sb. sbout... 告诉某人... 38. many interesting places 很多有趣的地方 39. *bye for now 再见 40. show sb. around 在某人四处参观 41. on our tour 在我们的旅程中 42. welcome to our school 欢迎来到我们学校 2、 单元重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *hall /hɔːl/n. 礼堂；大厅；门厅 [词汇搭配] *dining hall 餐厅；school hall 学校大厅；music hall音乐厅 [词汇例句] She ran into the hall and up the stairs. 她跑进门厅，冲上楼梯。 There are three dining halls on campus. 校园里有三个餐厅。 2. *building /'bɪldɪŋ/n. 建筑物，房子；建筑，建筑业 [词汇拓展] build (v.)建造；builder (n.)建造者 [词汇搭配] art building艺术楼；classroom building教学楼 [词汇例句] There is a tall building next to the old bridge. 桥旁边有一座高的建筑物。 3. 补充词汇：其他学校场所名词 school gate 学校大门；library图书馆；playground操场；dormitory宿舍；fountain/ˈfaʊntən/喷泉 teachers’ building教师楼；stadium/ˈsteɪdiəm/(周围有看台的露天的)体育场；pond池塘 lab实验室 4. *across /əˈkrɒs/(prep. & adv.) 过，穿过；遍及，在...各处 [词汇拓展] cross(v.)跨越，渡过；through(prep.)从一端至另一端，穿过，通过 [词汇搭配] *across from...在...对面；go across the road 过马路；across the country遍及全国 come across 偶然遇见；get across(使)被理解；把…讲清楚 [词汇例句] There's a school just across from our house.有一所学校就在我们房子对面。 I drew a line across the page.我在这一页上画了一条横线。 [词汇辨析] · across是介词；cross是动词。 They went across the road. They crossed the road. · across指从物体表面穿过；through指从物体当中穿过；over指在某物体的垂直正上方，或悬在...的上方。 Alice walked across the bridge. (从桥面上走过) The sunlight came in through the window. (从窗户当中穿过) They held a large umbrella over her. (伞悬在头部上方) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal(京杭大运河), a beautiful river, runs ________ Siyang and there are many beautiful bridges ________ the river. A．across; through B．across; over C．through; over D．through; through 【答案】C 【详解】句意:京杭大运河，一条美丽的河流，穿过泗阳，河上有许多美丽的桥梁。 考查介词辨析。across从物体表面穿过;through从内部穿过;over在某物的垂直上方。第一空根据“The Beiing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.a beautiful river,runs...Siyang"可知京杭大运河穿过泗阳，是从内部穿过，因此是through;第二空根据"there are many beautiful bridges…. the river”可知桥梁在河正上方，因此是over。故选C。 (2) —Can a plane fly ________ the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)? —Yes, and it needs to go ________ the clouds. A．through; through B．across; across C．through; across D．across; through 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--飞机能飞越大西洋吗?--是的，并且它会穿过云层。 考查介词辨析。across从一边到另一边，越过，横过，穿过(表面)，through从…一端至另一端，穿过(内部)。穿过大洋用介词across，穿过云层使用through。故选D。 5. *centre /ˈsentə(r)/（=center）中心，中央 [词汇拓展] central (adj.)中心的，中央的；centrally (adv.) 中心地，中央地 [词汇搭配] behind the student center在学生中心后面；a shopping center 购物中心 the centre of town市中心；in the center of...在...的中央 [词汇例句] Traffic is bad, especially in the city centre. 交通状况很差，尤其是在市中心。 6. *gym /dʒɪm/n. (=gymnasium/dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/) 体育馆；健身房；(尤指学校的)体育活动 [词汇搭配] in the gym 在体育馆；gym shoes运动鞋 [词汇用法] · gym表示“体育馆，健身房”时是可数名词。 The school has recently built a new gym. 学校最近新建了一个体育馆。 · 表示“体育活动”时是不可数名词。 I don't enjoy gym. 我不喜欢做体育运动。 7. *field /fiːld/(n.)场地；田地；领域，界；(adj.)实地的，野外的；(v.) 处理，应付（问题或意见） [词汇搭配] *sports field 运动场；a football field 足球场；a field study 实地研究 field trip（常指学生）野外考察，实地考察， 户外教学 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中field的中文意思。 (1) People were working in the fields. (n.)田地 (2) The BBC had to field more than 300 phone calls after last night's programme. (v.) 处理，应付 (3) We’ll build a new field for students. (n.) 场地 (4) He’s famous in the field of music. (n.) 领域，界 (5) The scientists will carry out a filed study. (adj.) 实地的，野外的 8. *office /'ɒfɪs/ (n.)办公室；(问询、购票或提供服务的)处，所；要职，重要官职 [词汇拓展] officer(n.)官员；军官；official(adj.) 公务的，公职的；正式的，官方的 [词汇搭配] Ms Gao’s office 高老师的办公室；office workers 办公室人员；a ticket office 售票处 [词汇例句] Some people have to share an office. 有些人只好合用一间办公室。 9. *large /lɑːdʒ/ (adj.)大的；大号的 [词汇拓展] medium (adj.)中号的；small (adj.)小号的；largely (adv.)在很大程度上；主要地 [词汇搭配] a large school 大学校；a large number of people很多人 at large 整个，全部；未被捕获的；by and large 总体上，总的来说 [词汇例句] By and large, I enjoyed my time at school. 总的说来，我在学校很开心。 10. *special /'speʃl/ (adj.)特别的；特殊的；(n.)特色菜，特产，特别节目 [词汇拓展] specially (adv.)特别的 [词汇搭配] something special 一些特别的事情；a special day 一个特别的日子 [词汇例句] She's a very special friend. 她是我特别要好的朋友。 What are your special hobbies? 你有哪些特别的爱好？ 11. *smart /smɑːt/ (adj.)智能的；聪明的；衣着讲究的；(衣服等)整洁漂亮的；(动作等)快速的，敏捷的 [词汇拓展] smartly(adv.) 迅速的；利落的；clever(adj.)聪明的 [词汇搭配] a smart whiteboard智能白板；smart phone智能手机；a smart girl一个聪明小女孩 [词汇例句] She's smarter than her brother. 她比她哥哥聪明。 She always wears smart clothes. 她总是穿着光鲜的衣服。 12. *important /ɪmˈpɔ:tnt/(adj.)重要的 [词汇拓展] importantly(adv.) 重要地；importance(n.)重要，重要性 [词汇搭配] It is important to do...做某事是很重要的 be of much/great importance(=be important)很重要 the importance of... ... 的重要性 [词汇例句] Listening is an important part of the job.倾听是这项工作的一个重要部分。 It's very important to read every day. (=It’s of great importance to read every day.)每天阅 读是很重要的。 [随学随练] 用important适当形式填空。 (1) It is important for students to listen carefully in class. (2) It is of much/great importance to listen carefully in class. (3) I was hungry, and, more importantly, my children were hungry. (4) The class teacher always stresses(强调) the importance of being polite. 13. *notice /'nəʊtɪs/(n.)通知；注意；(v.) 注意到；意识到 [词汇搭配] *put up important notices 张贴重要的通知 notice sb. do/doing注意到某人做某事/正在做某事 take notice of..注意...，理会；come to one’s notice引起某人的注意 [词汇例句] Take no notice of what he says. 别理会他说的话。 People were making fun of him but he didn't seem to notice.人们在跟他开玩笑，但他好 像没有理会。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Sandy noticed an old woman ______ the road with a heavy bag, so she ran to help her. A．crossed B．crossing C．to cross D．cross 【答案】B 【详解】句意:桑迪注意到一个老妇人背着一个沉重的袋子过马路，于是她跑过去帮她。 考查非调语动词，根据“noticed an old woman...the road"可知是注意到一个老妇人正在过马路，用结构notice sb. doing sth.“注意到某人正在做某事”。故选B。 (2) I didn’t notice Tom ________ the coat and leave. I was busy cooking in the kitchen. A．take B．takes C．taking D．took 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我没有注意到汤姆拿了外套走了。我正忙着在厨房做饭。考查非谓语动词。notice sb.do sth,注意到某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程;notice sb.doing sh,强调某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。分子句子可知，此处指“我"在厨房做饭，没有看到汤姆拿了外套走了，指“拿”这个动作的全过程，故用动词原形。故选A。 14. *corner /'kɔːnə(r)/n. 角；墙角；街角 [词汇搭配] in the corner在墙角；on/at the corner of the street在街角 around/round the corner 很近；在附近； [词汇例句] There was a television in the far corner of the room. 房间那一头墙角里摆着一台电视机。 The Spring Festival is around the corner. 春节就要到了。 15. *screen /skriːn/n. 屏幕；银幕；屏风，隔板；(v.)掩藏，遮蔽；放映（电影），播放（电视节目）； 检查，筛查(以确定是否患病)； 筛选，甄别(看是否可靠) [词汇搭配] a computer screen计算机屏幕；a cinema/movie screen 电影银幕 [词汇例句] Dark glasses screened his eyes from the sun. 他戴了一副墨镜，保护眼睛不受阳光照射。 Some actors never watch themselves on screen. 有的演员从来不看自己拍的戏。 16. *modern /'mɒdn/(adj.)现代的；当代的；现代化的，新式的 [词汇拓展] ancient (adj.)古代的 [词汇搭配] many modern buildings 很多现代的建筑物；modern art 现代艺术 [词汇例句] Modern technology has opened our eyes to many things. 现代科技开阔了我们的眼界， 让我们了解了许多事物。 17. *amazing /ə'meɪzɪŋ/(adj.)令人惊奇(惊喜或惊叹)的 [词汇搭配] amaze (v.)使惊奇；amazed(adj.)感到惊奇的；amazement (n.)惊奇 amazingly(adj.)令人惊奇地 [词汇搭配] an amazing success惊人的成功 [词汇例句] It’s amazing that he win first place in the singing competition. 他在歌咏比赛中获得第 一名，真是令人惊奇。 [随学随练] 用amazing的适当形式填空。 (1) Amazingly, no one noticed. (2) What an amazing story Shakuntala has told us! (3) We were amazed to find that no one was hurt(受伤). (4) She looked at him in amazement. 18. *raise /reɪz/(v.)使升高；提高；(使)直立，站立；募集，征集；抚养，养育；饲养，种植 [词汇搭配] raise the flag升旗；raise money筹钱，募捐； [词汇例句] She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下工作，抬起头看了看。 They plan to raise the prices. 他们打算提高价格。 [词汇辨析] · raise是及物动词，后接宾语，表示“使...上升” He raised his head from the pillow.他从枕头上抬起头来。 · rise用作不及物动词，后不接宾语，表示物体从低处向高处上升，也可以指数量，数字的上升。 She rose from the chair.她从椅子上站起来。 Prices of vegetables rise a lot.蔬菜的价格上升了很多。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 【答案】B 【详解】句意:河水涨了很高，我们应该筹集资金尽快修缮这座断桥。 考查动词辨析。rise上升，上涨，为不及物动词;raise举起，筹集，为及物动词。第一空指河水上涨，填不及物动词rises;第二空表示“筹钱”，money作宾语，填及物动词raise。故选B。 19. *most /məʊst/ (adj. & pron.)大多数；最多；最大；(adv.)最 [词汇搭配] at most至多，不超过；most of the time大多数时间 [词汇例句] I spent most time on the first question. 我在第一个问题上花的时间最多。 I stayed at home most of the time. 大多数时间我都在待在家里。 [词汇用法] · most可以用作many和much的最高级，表示“(数量上)最多的，最大的”。 She had the most money of all of them.在这些人当中，她最有钱。 · most也可以用作形容词或代词，表示“大多数，几乎所有”。 I like most vegetables. 几乎什么蔬菜我都喜欢。 · most可以与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词连用，构成最高级。 most beautiful最漂亮的 most quickly最快地 20. *change /tʃeɪndʒ/ (v.)改变，变化；替换，更换；兑换(货币)，将...换成零钱；(n.) 改变，变化；替换，更换；找零的钱；零钱 [词汇搭配] change seats更换座位；change into变成...；change one’s mind改变决定(或看法) [词汇例句] Computers have changed the way people work. 计算机改变了人的工作方式。 The lights changed from red to green.交通灯已由红变绿。 She is someone who hates change.她是十分讨厌变革的那种人。 21. *delicious /dɪ'lɪʃəs/ (adj.)美味的；可口的 [词汇拓展] deliciously (adv.) 美味地，可口地 [词汇搭配] delicious jiaozi 美味的饺子 [词汇例句] Who cooked this? It's delicious. 谁做的？味道好极了。 22. *How about ……怎么样；如何 [词汇用法] How about…? =What about...? · (询问信息)…怎么样，…情况如何 I'm not going. How about you? 我不打算去。你呢？ · (提出建议)…怎么样，…行不行，…好吗 How about playing basketball ? 打篮球怎么样？ [词汇拓展] 常用于提建议的结构 · How /What about (doing) sth.? How about playing soccer ? 踢足球怎么样？ · Let’s +动词原型+其他. Let’s ask the teacher for help. 我们向老师求助吧。 · Why not +动词原型+其他? / Why don’t you +动词原型+其他? Why not listen to English songs? 为什么不听英语歌呢？ · You should / can +动词原型+其他. You should have a good talk with your mother. 你应该和你妈妈好好聊一聊。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —_________ go out for a picnic next Sunday? —Good idea! A．Let B．Would you like C．How about D．Why not 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--下周日为什么不出去野餐呢?--好主意! 考查特殊疑问句。Let让;Would you like你想;How about怎么样;Why not为什么不。本句是疑问句，排除A;空后是动词原形go，why not+动词原形。故选D。 (2) —Mum, I am always feeling tired these days. —________ doing something fun? A．Why not B．Shall we C．How about D．Why don’t you 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--妈妈，这些天我总是觉得累。--做点有趣的事怎么样? 考查特殊疑问句。Why not为什么不...，后加动词原形;shall we我们可以…吗，后加动词原形;How about.…怎么样，后加动词的ing形式;Why don't you你为什么不…，后加动词原形。根据“doing something fun”可知，此处用how about。故选C。 23. *send /send/(v.) 发送，邮寄；派遣，打发；把…送进，安排…去； 使进入(某种状态) [词汇搭配] send you an email 给你发送一封邮件；send for 请...帮忙；让人带来某物 send sb. to把某人送到...；send out分发，散发；发出(光、信号、声音等) send sb. to do...派/叫某人去做某事 [词汇例句] She sent the kids to bed early. 她早早打发孩子们上床睡觉。 Her music always sends me to sleep. 她的音乐总使我进入梦乡。 24. *similar /'sɪmələ(r)/ (adj.)类似的；相像的 [词汇拓展] similarly (adv.) 类似的；similarity (n.)相似，相似性 dissimilar(adj.) 不相似的，不同的 [词汇搭配] *similar to 类似的；相像的 [词汇例句] We have very similar interests.我们兴趣相仿。 The two houses are similar in size.两座房子大小差不多。 25. *sound/saʊnd/ (v.)听起来；好像；(n.)声音，响声；声(指通过空气、水或其他物质传播的一种能量)；(adj.) 明智的，合理的；(身体)健康的，(心智)健全的；酣畅的，香甜的 [词汇搭配] sound fun 听起来有趣；the sound of... ...的声音；(It) sounds good/great!听起来不错！ a sound body健康的身体；safe and sound安然无恙 [词汇例句] His voice sounded strange on the phone. 他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。 [随学随练] 写出sound在下列句子中的中文意思。 (1) She heard the sound of footsteps(脚部) outside. (n.)声音，响声 (2) He gave me some very sound advice. (adj.) 明智的，合理的 (3) He had a sound night's sleep. (adj.)酣畅的，香甜的 (4) We arrived home safe and sound . (adj.)(身体)健康的 (5) Sound travels(传播) more slowly than light. (n.)声(指通过空气、水或其他物质传播的一种能量) (6) His voice sounded strange(奇怪的) on the phone. (v.)听起来 [词汇辨析] · sound普通用词，泛指耳朵能听到的任何声响。 What made these sounds?这些声音是怎么回事? She loves the sound of rain on the roof.她喜欢雨打屋顶的声音。 · noise 噪声。尤指刺耳、喧闹、可怕的声音，有时由多种声音混杂在一起。 Don’t make any noise. 不要制造噪声。 · voice 嗓音主要指人的说话声和歌唱声。 He told me the news in a low voice. 他低声的告诉我这个消息。 26. front /frʌnt/ (n.)前面；(adj.)前面的 [词汇搭配] *in front of 在…前面；in the front of...在...的前部；front teeth 门牙 [词汇例句] Keep your eyes to the front and walk straight ahead. 两眼看着正前方径直往前走。 [词汇辨析] · “A in front of B”表示“A在B的前面”，A在B的外部； 相应的，表示“A在B的后面”，用“A behind B”。 There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。(树在房子的外面) A boy is behind the car.车后面有个男生。(男生在车的外面) · “A in the front of B”指“A位于B的内部前部”，A位于B的里面； 相应的，表示“A在B的内部后部”，用“A at the back of B”。 I sat in the front of the bus .我坐在公交车的前部。(我在公交车里面) Tom is sitting at the back of the classroom. 汤姆正坐在教室的后面。(汤姆在教室里) [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Is Miss Wang ________ the classroom? —Yes. She is standing ________ the students and telling a story to them. A．in front of; in the front of B．in the front of; in front of C．in front of; in front of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--王老师在教室前面吗?--是的。她正站在学生面前给他们讲故事。 考查介词短语辨析。in front of在.……前面(物体外部);in the front of在.……前面(物体内部)。第一空在教室物体内部的前面，所以应填in the front of。第二空指在学生面前，物体外部，应填in front of，故选B。 27. up /ʌp/ (adv.)向上 [词汇搭配] *put up张贴，搭建，举起；be up to sb. 是...的职责，由...决定； up to到达（某数量、程度等）give up放弃；get up起床，起立；set up成立，设立； use up用完；make up编造；take up开始做，培养(兴趣)；look up向上看，查阅； show up出现；wake up醒来；turn up出现；调高；dress up装扮；cut up切碎； stay up late熬夜 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Tina, I want to make some soup. Can you ________ some tomatoes for me? —Sure, no problem. A．make up B．put up C．wake up D．cut up 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--蒂娜，我想做些汤。你能给我切一些西红柿吗?--当然，没问题。 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造;put up张贴;wake up醒来;cut up切碎。根据"I want to make some soup”可知，此处指切一些西红柿。故选D。 (2) Mary ________ for the English test last night, so she felt tired in class. A．put up B．stayed up C．woke up D．got up 【答案】B 【详解】句意:玛丽昨晚为了英语考试熬夜了，所以她在课堂上感到很疲惫。 考查动词短语。put up张贴;stayed up熬夜;woke up唤醒;got up起床。根据"..last night, so she felt tired in class.”可知，晚上熬夜了，所以第二天很疲惫，故选B。 (3) The lady ________ dancing as a hobby in her sixties, and she is really good at it now. A．dressed up B．grew up C．put up D．took up 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这位女士在她六十多岁的时候把跳舞作为一种爱好开始学习，现在她真的很擅长跳舞了。 考查动词短语辨析。dress up打扮;grow up成长，长大;put up张贴，举起;take up学着做，开始做。根据".dancing as a hobby in her sixties"及“she is really good at it now."可知，应是:在她六十多岁的时候把跳舞作为一种爱好开始学习，现在很擅长。故选D。 (4) Many Chinese people usually ________ some paper cuttings(剪纸) on windows, doors and walls as symbols(象征) of wishes for good luck. A．put up B．give up C．set up D．turn up 【答案】A 【详解】句意:许多中国人通常在窗户、门和墙上贴一些剪纸，作为祝福好运的象征。 考查动词词组辨析。put up张贴;give up放弃;set up成立;turn up出现；调高。根据空后“some paper cuttings on windows, doors and walls”可知，此处是指张贴剪纸。故选A。 28. back/bæk/(n.)后面；背部；(adj.)后面的，背后；(adv.)回来，回原处；以前；(v.) (使)后退；帮助，支持 [词汇搭配] *at the back (of) 在(……)后面；back to back背靠背；背对背 back to front（衣服）前后颠倒（或前后穿反） behind sb's back背着某人；背地里；私下 be on sb's back缠磨；烦扰；put back 放回去 back away (from sb/sth)躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避 back down 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输 back up后退，倒（车）；支持，证实 turn one’s back on...转身背对；背弃，抛弃 [随学随练] 用[词汇搭配]中的短语完成句子。 (1) 他把棒球帽反戴着。 He wears his baseball cap back to front. (2) 如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。 I'll back you up if they don't believe you. (3) 她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。 She refused to back down on a point of principle. (4) 他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。 She turned her back on them when they needed her. (5) 我把车倒到门前。 I backed the car up to the door. (6) 他们径自背着我把它卖了。 They went ahead and sold it behind my back. 29. science /ˈsaɪəns/(n.)科学 [词汇拓展] scientist (n.)科学家；scientific (adj.)科学的；technology (n.)科技，技术 [词汇搭配] science building科学楼；science and technology科学技术；modern science现代科学 [词汇例句] Mr. Green is our science teacher. 格林先生是我们的科学老师。 Science makes our life nicer. 科学使我们的生活更美好。 30. famous /ˈfeɪməs/(adj.) 著名的 [词汇拓展] fame (n.)名声；famously (adv.)著名地；infamous(adj.)臭名远扬的 [词汇搭配] some pictures of famous people一些著名人物的图片；be famous for...因...而出名 [词汇例句] He became famous for his books. 他因他的书而变得出名。 31. email /ˈiːmeɪl/(n.)电子邮件；(v) (给某人)发电子邮件 [词汇搭配] send sb. an email给某人发邮件；email sth. to sb. 用电子邮件发送；by email通过邮件 [词汇例句] Patrick emailed me yesterday. 帕特里克昨天给我发电邮了 Jamie e-mailed me to say he couldn't come.杰米给我发了电子邮件，说他不能来了。 32. answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/(v.)回答；答复；(n.) 答案 [词汇搭配] answer to sth. 某事的答案；answer a letter回信；answer the phone接电话 answer the door应门；answer back回嘴，顶嘴 [词汇例句] He answered me with a smile. 他对我报以微笑。 I rang the bell, but there was no answer. 我按了门铃，但没有人应门。 [词汇辨析] · answer 指通过文字、言语或行动作出回答，一般不后接介词 to。 He cannot answer your question.他没法回答你的问题。 · reply 多指经过考虑后给出答案，一般不用于口语，常后接介词 to。 She didn't reply to his message.她没有回复他的留言。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The girl __________ politely to him when the old man asked the way. A．answered B．replied C．asked D．told 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当老人问路时，女孩礼貌地回答了他。 考查动词辨析。answered回答;replied回复;asked问;told告诉。根据"politely to him when the old man asked the way”可知，此处指的是“回复”，故选B。 (2) The answers ________ our questions about _________ TV were also interesting. A．to; watching B．of; watching C．to; watched D．of; watched 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们关于看电视的问题的答案也很有趣。 考查固定搭配及介词用法。the answers to.……的答案;about是介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词。故选A。 33. question /ˈkwestʃən/ (n.) 问题；怀疑，困惑；(v.) 正式提问，质询；表示疑问，怀疑 [词汇搭配] answer your question 回答你的问题；in question 有疑问，不确定 [词汇例句] They asked a great many questions about England. 他们问了一大堆有关英格兰的问题。 No one questions her decision. 没有人怀疑她的决定。 34. exercise /'eksəsaɪz/ (n.&v) 运动；锻炼；练习 [词汇搭配] *do exercises 做体操；do morning exercises 做早操； take exercise 锻炼；exercise your arms锻炼你的手臂 [词汇用法] · exercise作动词，表示“锻炼”。 He often exercises in the park. 他经常在公园锻炼。 · exercise也可以作名词，当表示“(身体或脑力的)活动，锻炼，运动”时，是不可数名词；当表示“一套动作”和“习题，练习”时，是可数名词。 Doing morning exercises is good for our body. 做早操对我们的身体有益。 Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是有益的运动。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tom does morning ________ to keep healthy and does maths ________ at night. A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercises C．exercise; exercise D．exercises; exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆做早操以保持健康，晚上做数学练习。 考查名词的用法。do morning exercises“做早操”；第二个空表示“数学练习”，exercise表示“练习”时，是可数名词，此处用名词复数。故选A。 35. way /weɪ/(n.)方式；道路；方面 [词汇搭配] all the way 一路上，自始至终；by the way顺便提一下，顺便问一句； get in the way of 挡…的路；妨碍；give way to被...代替；屈服于； in a way在某种程度上；make one’s way to 前往；no way不可能，决不； on the/one’s way to在去...路上；a special/good way to do...做某事的一个特别的/好的方式 [词汇例句] I'm not happy with this way of working. 我不喜欢这种工作方法。 Can you tell me the way to Leicester Square? 你能告诉我去莱斯特广场的路吗？ [随学随练] 用[词汇搭配]中的短语完成句子。 (1) 顺便问一句，几点钟了？ What's the time, by the way? (2) 从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯的最大错误之一。 In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes. (3) 在回家的路上，我遇到了一个老朋友。 On the way home, I met one of my old friends. (4) 跑步是保持健康的一个好办法。 Running is a good way to keep healthy. (5) 他下了车，并朝房子走去。 He got off and made his way to the house. (6) 有的时候，业余爱好会妨碍孩子的功课。 Sometimes hobbies can get in the way of children’s schoolwork. 36. tell /tel/(v.) 告诉；讲述；区分，辨别 [词汇搭配] tell sth. to sb.=tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about...告诉某人...； tell sb. (not) to do 告诉某人(不要)做某事；tell a story讲故事；tell A from B 区分A与B [词汇例句] Did she tell you her name?她告诉你她的姓名了吗？ [词汇辨析] · tell侧重一方告诉另一方。也可以表示讲述。 · speak侧重表达主语在说话，别人在听；talk强调双方之间谈话，即主语和主语以外的人共同说话。 · speak侧重说话的动作或说话的能力(会说某种语言)；say强调说话的内容，后接所讲的内容。 [随学随练] 选词填空talk/speak/say/tell。 (1) Sally tells me she can speak English. (2) Mr. Black often talks/speaks with us about sports. (3) I need to say goodbye to my friends. (4) Can you tell stories? 37. interesting/mntrastn/ (adj.)有趣的 [词汇拓展] interest (n.)兴趣；(v.)使感兴趣；interested (adj.)感兴趣的；interestingly(adj.)有趣地 [词汇搭配] many interesting places很有有趣的地方；an interesting question一个有趣的问题 [随学随练] 用interest的正确形式填空。 (1) The film is very interesting and I like it a lot. (2) Mary likes insects (昆虫). And she is interested in biology. (3) Her main(主要的) interests are music and gardening. (4) The book interests me because I like the funny stories in it. (5) Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. 3、 单元重点句型解析 1. 询问方位与描述位置的句型 (1) Where is/are...? ...在哪里？ Where is the library?图书馆在哪里？ Where are the bookcases? 书柜在哪里？ (2) Is/Are there+名词(+方位介词+...)? 在...有...吗？ Is there a music hall in your school? 你们学校有音乐厅吗？ Are there any fountains ? 有喷泉吗？ (3) It’s / They’re / ... +方位介词+.... 它在/它们在... —Where is the dining hall? 餐厅在哪里？ —It is in front of the art building. 它在艺术楼前面。 —Where are the lockers ?储物柜在哪里？ —They’re in the classroom building. 它们在教学楼里。 2. 用方位介词描述位置 (1) in front of 在...前面(在外部)；其反义词是behind... 在...后面(在外部) There is a fountain in front of the teachers’ building. 在教师楼前面有一个喷泉。 A big dining hall is behind the gym. 体育馆后面有个大的食堂。 (2) in the front of 在...前部(在内部)；其反义词是at the back of... 在...后部(在内部) A bookcase is in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有个书柜。 There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. 教室后面有块黑板。 (3) next to在...旁边；near紧邻 There is a student center next to the library. 图书馆旁边有个学生中心。 (4) between...and... 在...和...中间 The science lab is between the gym and the student center. 科学实验室在体育馆和学生中心中间。 (5) across from / opposite 在...对面 The sports field is across from the science building. 运动场在科学楼对面。 (6) in+the+east/west/north/south+of ... 在...的东面/西面/北面/南面(在内部) to+the+east/west/north/south+of ... 在...的东面/西面/北面/南面(两者不接壤) in the east of our school 在我们学校的东面(在学校里面) to the south of the art building 在艺术楼南面(在艺术楼的外面) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Excuse me. ________ is the dining hall? I’m new here. —It’s behind the classroom building. A．When B．Where C．What D．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--打扰一下。餐厅在哪里?我是新来的。--它在教学楼后面。 考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候;Where在哪里;What什么; How如何。根据“It's behind the classroom building:"可知对地点提问，疑问词用Where。故选B。 (2) —________ is the science lab? —It’s in front of the office building. A．When B．What C．Where D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--科学实验室在哪里?--在办公楼的前面。 考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候;What什么;Where哪里;How如何，根据“It's in front of the office building:”可知上文询问了地点，因此填where。故选C。 (3) —Where’s your school? —Our school is                the library and the restaurant. A．next to B．near C．between D．across from 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你的学校在哪里?--我们学校在图书馆和餐馆之间。 考查介词辨析。nextt0紧挨着;near接近;between在两者之间;across from在..对面。根据“Our school is...the library and the restaurant”可知，此处指学校在图书馆和餐馆之间，between...and...“在.…和……之间”，固定短语，空处应填between，故选C。 (4) Kate is drawing some pictures on the blackboard ________ the classroom. A．in the front of B．in front of C．across from D．behind 【答案】A 【详解】句意:凯特正在教室前面的黑板上画画。 考查介词短语辨析。in the font of在…前面(内部);in font of在…前面(外部);across from在…对面;behind在后面(外部)。根据“Kate is drawing some pictures on the blackboard...the classroom."可知，黑板在教室内部的前面，故选A。 (5) —Where is the playground? —It’s _________ the west of the school, ________ the south of our classroom. A．to; to B．on; in C．to; in D．in; to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--操场在哪里?--它在学校的西面，在我们教室的南面。 考査地点介词。in一地属于另一地;on两地接壤;to两地不接壤。操场属于学校所以第一个空用in;而操场和教室不接壤，第二空用to，故选D。 翻译句子。 (1) —体育馆在哪里？ —它在艺术楼和音乐厅中间。 —Where is the gym? —It’s between the art building and the music hall. (2) —学生中心在哪里？ —它在图书馆旁边。 —Where is the student center? —It’s next to the library. (3) —你们学校有科学楼吗？ —有的。 —Is there a science building in your school? —Yes , there is. (4) —你们教室有智能白板啊？ —没有。 —Is there a smart blackboard in your classroom? —No, there isn’t. 4、 单元重点语法解析 there be句型 there be句型表示“(在...地方)有/存在...”。there be后的名词是句子的实义主语。there为引导词，也成形式主语。 1. there be句型的基本结构(以一般现在时，肯定句为例) (1) There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语 There is an English book on the desk.书桌上有一本英语书。 (2) There are+复数可数名词+地点状语 There are some pears on the table.桌子上有一些梨子。 (3) There is+不可数名词+地点状语  There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 2. there be句型中be的选择(以一般现在时为例) (1) be要与后面的实义主语在人称和数上保持一致。 There is some milk. 有一些牛奶。(milk不可数，用is) There are some 45 students in skating group. (students是复数名词，用are) (2) 如果be后的实义主语是多个并列项，要按就近原则，与第一项保持一致。 注意比较下列句子： There is a pencil and some erasers on the desk.(第一项是a pencil，单数名词，用is) There is some erasers and a pencil on the desk.(第一项是some erasers，复数名词，用are) 3. there be句型的各种句式(以一般现在时为例) (1) 否定句：There is/are not.... is not所略为isn’t ； are not缩略为aren’t 。 转换规则：在be动词后加not。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any。 There isn’t a tablet on the desk. 桌子上没有平板电脑。 There aren’t any students in the classroom. 教室里没有学生。 (否定句中用any) (2) 一般疑问句：Is/Are (not) there...? 转换规则：把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any。 回答：肯定回答Yes, there is/are. 否定回答No, there isn’t/aren’t. —Is there a tablet on the desk? 桌子上有一台平板电脑吗？ —Yes, there is. 是的。 —Are there any students in the classroom? 教室里有一些学生吗？ (疑问句中用any) —No,there aren’t. (3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(短语)+is/are there...? · 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who”提问；当主语是物时，用“What”。 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况 来决定。 There are some boys under the bridge. →Who is under the bridge? There is a bottle on the table. →What is on the table? · 对数量提问： 提问对象是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，用“How many+复数名词+are there+...？”。 提问对象是不可数名词，则用“ How much +不可数名词+ is there +...？”。 There are fifty students in our class. →How many students are there in your class? There is some milk in the glass? →How much milk is there in the glass? 4. there be句型用于各种时态 (1) there be句型用于一般现在时（详见以上内容） (2) there be句型用于一般过去时 · 陈述句： There was(not)+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语。 There was(not)+不可数名词+地点状语。 There were(not)+复数名词+地点状语。 主语为几个并列名词时, be 的形式与距它最近的一个名词在数量上保持一致。 There was a bridge over the river. 河上以前有座桥。 There were many apple trees across from the river. 河对面以前有很多苹果树。 There was a librarian and many new books in the library in 1999. 1999年图书馆有一个管理员和很多新书。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were (not) +there+名词+...? 回答：肯定回答Yes, there was/were 否定回答No, there wasn’t/weren’t. —Was there a car company in your town? 你们镇子上以前有一家汽车公司吗？ —Yes , there was. 是的，有。 —Weren’t there any pears in the fridge? 冰箱里没有一些苹果吗？ —No, there weren’t. 是的，没有。 (3) there be句型用于一般将来时 · There will be+名词+.... · There is/are going to be+名词+.... 注意： is/are的选择与名词保持数和人称的一致。 there is/are going to 后的be不能改成have。 There will be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有个会议。 There is going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有个会议。 5. there be句型的拓展 (1) 表示肯定推测：There must/may/can be... 一定有/也许有/可能有 There must be many people in the theater. 剧院里一定有很多人。 (2) 表式否定推测：There can’t be... 不可能有 There can’t be more than fifty books on the shelf. 架子上不可能有超过50本的书。 6. there be与have的区别 (1) There be 句型表示“某地有某物”或“某时有某物”，强调空间上或时间上的存在。 There was an apple tree in front of the house. 以前有棵苹果树 (2) have/has 则表示“某人拥有某物”, 强调所属关系。 He has two volleyballs. 他有两个排球。 (3) 表示某物的组成部分时, 二者可以互换。 There are 20 students in our class.我们班有20个学生。 Our class has 20 students. 我们班有20个学生。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) There ______ some old houses near my school last year. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】句意:去年在我学校附近有一些老房子。 考查there be句型和时态辨析。根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时;主语“some old houses”是复数形式，因此be动词用复数形式were。故选D。 (2) There _______ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:将来每个学生的桌子上都有一台电脑。 考查ere be句型的一般将来时。根据in the future可知，要用一般将来时，there be句型的一般将来时构成:there will be和there is/are going to be。故选C。 (3) Look, ___________ many restaurants in front of the bank. A．has               . B．have C．there is D．there are 【答案】D 【详解】句意:看，银行前面有很多餐馆。 考查There be句型。根据“….many restaurants in front of the bank,"可知，银行前面有很多餐馆，需用there be句型，表示“某地有某物”。主语many restaurants是复数名词，be动词用are。故选D。 (4) There ________ a foreign teacher and some students talking about Chinese tea. A．has B．have C．are D．is 【答案】D 【详解】句意:有一位外教和一些学生在谈论中国茶。 考查There be句型。has有，第三人称单数形式; have有，动词原形;are是，用于第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时;is是，用于第三人称单数现在时，根据题干“There..a foreign teacher and some students talking about Chinese tea.”可知是There be句型，不能与have/has连用，故排除选项A和B;There be句型需遵循就近原则，空后的“a foreign teacher”为单数，空处应填is。故选D。 (5) ―________ there __________ a “helping hands” meeting this weekend? ―Yes, all the volunteers(志愿者) will go to it. A．Is; going to have B．Is; have C．Is; be D．Is; going to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--这个周末会有一个“互助会”吗?--是的，所有的志愿者都会去。 考查There be句型的一般将来时。there be句型不能和have连用，排除A和B;根据“this weekend"和“will go”可知，此句应用一般将来时，结构为be going to do。故选D。 (6) There ________ more than one answer to the question. A．may have B．will have C．can have D．can be 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个问题可能有不止一个答案。 考查there be句型。there be表示“某地有某物”，不与实义动词have连用，所以排除选项A、B和C。there can be表示一种推测，表示“可能有...”。故选D。 (7) —Is there a dog at the gate? —________ And I like the dog. A．Yes, there is. B．No, there isn’t. C．Yes, it is. D．No, there aren’t. 【答案】A 【详解】句意:--门口有只狗吗?--是的，有。 考查一般疑问句。Yes,there is.是的，有，用于单数或不可数;No,there isn‘’t.不，没有;Yes,it is.是的，它是。No, there aren’t不，没有,用于复数。根据“And I like the dog,”可知，此处是肯定回答，用is there提问，回答用there is。故选A。 (8) There________ any new books in the shelf. A．isn’t B．not is C．aren’t D．not are 【答案】C 【详解】句意:书架里没有一些新书。 考查there be句型。根据any new books可知any与复数名词连用用于否定句，books是复数名词，用are。故选C。 (9) Look, there ________ some information about the talent show on the school message board(留言板). A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:看，学校留言板上有一些关于才艺表演的信息。 考查时态和主谓一致，根据“Lo0k”可知此处表示现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语是some information，be动词用is。故选A。 (10) ________ there any food and drinks in the fridge? A．Will B．Will be C．Is D．Are 【答案】C 【详解】句意:冰箱里有食物和饮料吗? 考查时态和there be结构。根据“there any food and drinks in the fridge”可知此处是there be结构，遵循就近原则，根据语境可知，句子用般现在时，根据“any food”可知be动词用is。故选C。 用be动词的适当形式填空。 (1) There ________ a modern high-speed train station in my hometown next year. (2) There ________ a ruler and two erasers in the pencil case. Can you pass the ruler to me ? (3) —________ there any tomatoes in the fridge? —No, there aren’t. (4) There ________ two basketball matches tomorrow afternoon. (5) There ________ some apple juice in the bottle. I want to drink some. (6) We all enjoy music. There ________ so much fun in music. (7) Every year, there ________ a science festival in our school. (8) There ________ some trees behind the house. But my father cut them down. (9) There ________ any photos in the drawer. It’s empty. (10) —________ there a French girl at there party yesterday? —Yes, there________. 【答案】 (1) will be/ is going to be (2) is (3) Are (4) will be/ are going to be (5) is (6) is (7) is (8) were (9) aren’t (10) Was ; was 按要求完成句子。 (1) There is some orange juice in the glass.（改为否定句） There isn’t any orange juice in the glass. (2) There are some books on the teacher’s desk.（变为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） —Are there any books on the teacher’s desk? —No, there aren’t. (3) There was a square(广场) and a big house near the river. （变为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —Was there a square and a big house near the river? —Yes, there was. (4) There are forty students in Sally’s class.（对划线部分提问） How many students are there in Sally’s class? (5) There are two glasses of milk on the table. (对划线部分提问) How much milk is there on the table? (6) There is some rice in the bag. （变为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —Is there any rice in the bag? —Yes, there is. 翻译句子。 (1) 教学楼前面有一栋科学楼。 There is a science building in front of the classroom building. (2) 图书馆旁边有一个学生中心。 There is a student center next to the library. (3) 我们学校有一个图书馆和三栋教学楼。 There is a library and three classroom buildings in our school. (4) 在体育馆和音乐厅中间有一座艺术楼。 There is an art building between the gym and the music hall. (5) 你们教室里有阅读角吗？ Is there a reading corner in your classroom? (6) 教学楼里有一些储物柜吗？ Are there any lockers in the classroom building？ 5、 单元语音学习 1. 单词重音 (1) 单音节词都是重读音节，且不需要标注重读符号。 如：bat /bæt/ ; late /leɪt/ (2) 双音节词的重音一般在第一个音节上，少数双音节的词在第二个音节上。 如：jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/; open /ˈəʊpən/ 等重音在第一个音节上 about /əˈbaʊt/; excuse /ɪkˈskju:s/ 等重音在第二个音节上 (3) 三音节词的重音一般也在第一个音节上，少数三音节词的重音在第二个音节上。 如：favourite /ˈfeɪvərɪt/; interesting/ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 等重音在第一个音节上 computer /kəmˈpju:tə(r)/; piano /piˈænəʊ/等重音在第二个音节上 (4) 绝大多数前缀和后缀在词中是非重读的。 如：unˈhappy; disˈlike; ˈfinely 2. /ɔː/ ; /ɒ/ ; /uː/ ; /ʊ/发音 (1) /ɔː/ 的发音规则 · /ɔː/ 是长元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌头肌肉紧张，双唇收缩呈圆形，比/ɒ/ 更圆更小，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 or sport; fork; short; corn; horse au/aw autumn; author; fault; draw; strawberry al/ar small; talk; wall; tall; walk; warm our/oor four; pour; door; floor (2) /ɒ/的发音规则 · /ɒ/是短元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭微微抬起，舌头肌肉没有/ɒ/紧张。双唇稍微收圆，口张大。 · 常见字母或字母组合 o fox; not; clock; shop; boss a watch; wash; want (3) /uː/的发音规则 · /uː/是长元音。发音时，舌面后部抬起靠近最高点，舌位是后元音中最高的，舌头肌肉紧张。双唇收的很圆，比/ʊ/更圆更小，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 oo/o food; zoo; tooth; noodle; lose; move; who ue/u ruler; June; blue; true; glue (4) /ʊ/的发音规则 · /ʊ/是短元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，口腔肌肉放松。双唇收拢呈圆形，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 u put; full; ou should; could oo look; good; foot; cook; wood [随学随练] 发音练习 · Four short horses saw some corn on the floor. · I want a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot. · A goose and two kangaroos are running after a balloon in the zoo. · The cook took a look at the book.Could he be a good cook? 单项填空 (1) 下列单词中，重音在第二个音节上的单词是________。 A．library B．computer C．family D．favourite 【答案】B 【详解】考查单词重音。A,C,D三个单词重音都在第一个音节上，computer单词重音在第二个音节上。故选B。 (2) 下面哪一个单词的重读音节标记得不正确？ A．violin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ B．remember /rɪ'membə/ C．between /'bɪtwi:n/ D．elephant /'elɪfənt/ 【答案】C 【详解】考查单词重音。A,B,D三个单词重音标准的是正确的。between的单词重音在第二个音节上，而不是第一个音节。故选C。 (3) 选项中单词划线字母组合的发音均为/u:/的是 __________。 A．too; school; good B．too; school; room C．look; good; book D．room; book; too 【答案】B 【详解】考查语音。too/tu:/;school /sku:l/; good /ɡʊd/;room /ru:m/; look/lʊk/; book/bʊk/。根据音标可知，B项中too,school和room的划线字母组合发音均为心/u:/。故选B. (4) 下面单词中，画线部分发音与其他不相同的一项是 ____________。 A．much B．summer C．June D．duck 【答案】C 【详解】考查语音。A,B,D中u均发短音/ʌ/,June中u发长音/u:/。故选C。 (5) 画线部分与其他三个发音不同的是________。 A．sport B．short C．doctor D．fork 【答案】C 【详解】考查语音。ABD中or均发长音/ɔː/，doctor中or发/ə/。故选C。 6、 综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Sandy drinks a large (大的)glass of warm milk every morning. (2) Behind the school gate, you can see a big sports field(运动场). (3) Hengshui, Xuancheng and Huzhou were three centers(中心) for making writing brushes in Chinese history. (4) Smart phones(智能手机) are making a difference to our lives too much.  (5) We can put up(张贴) some notices(通知) on the wall. (6) He always did his writing at the back of(在...后面) his house. (7) There is a shop at the corner(街角) of the street. And some lockers(储物柜) are in it. (8) It is bad for your eyes to stare at the screen(屏幕) for a long time. (9) Scientists once thought that man is different from(与...不同) animals because he can think and learn.  (10) The Long March(长征) is an important (重要的)part of modern(现代的) Chinese history.  (11) Do you take part in any amazing activities(令人惊喜的活动) at school(在学校)? (12) He likes to raise(使升高) his left hand before starting to run. (13) The robots dance and wave a flag(旗帜) to welcome students. (14) She is trying to change (改变) her bad habits. (15) Judy enjoys the special(特别的) but delicious(美味的) food. (16) Flora is similar to(与...类似) Jane. They both like staying up late. (17) Sarah always sends an email to(发送一封电子邮件给...) me on Friday night. (18) The sound(声音) of someone’s mobile phone can break up the quietness in the library(图书馆). (19) My father tells me an interesting story(给我将一个有趣的故事) before bed every day. (20) Doing housework is a good way to exercise(锻炼的一个好办法) children’s bodies. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的代词、介词等。 (1) I don’t like to play ping-pong. How about playing (play)football? (2) When I walked across the bridge, I noticed some boys playing(play) near the river. (3) The head teacher always tells us the importance (important)of studying hard. (4) The answer to the question is not right. (5) Mount Huangshan is famous for its beautiful scenery(风景). (6) Students are doing eye exercises(exercise). (7) Mum tells me to do(do) homework first. (8) She is interested(interest) in the book. She thinks it is interesting(interest). (9) There is (be)a computer and a clock on the desk. (10) Maybe he thought it was the best way to show(show) what he saw and felt.  (11) They are different from each other. There are some differences(different) between them. (12) Students change seats (seat) every week. (13) Thank you for helping(help) me with English. (14) I’d like to make(make) a cake for you. (15) A tall man is sitting next to Tony. 3. 单项填空。 (1) The bus driver ________ a blue coat sits _______ me. He is driving happily _______ the bus. A．wears; in front of; in the front of B．wears; in front of; in front of C．in; in the front of; in front of D．in; in front of; in the front of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:穿着蓝色外套的公共汽车司机坐在我的前面。他在公共汽车前面开得很开心。 考查介词用法及介词短语辨析。wears穿，戴，动词;in穿着，戴着，介词;in front of在…….前面(外部的前面);in the front of在...前面(内部的前面)。第一空因句中已有谓语动词sits，所以使用介词“in+衣服”作后置定语;第二空表示司机坐在我的前面，是外部的前面，所以填写in front of;第三空表示司机坐在公共汽车前面，是内部的前面，所以填写in the front of。故选D。 (2) My parents are _________ to hear the _________news. A．amazed; amazing B．amazing; amazed C．amazed; amazed D．amazing; amazing 【答案】 【详解】句意:我的父母听到这个令人惊讶的消息感到很惊讶。 考查形容词辨析。amazed感到惊讶的，修饰人;amazing令人惊讶的，修饰物。第一空修饰“parents”，应用amazed;第二空修饰“news”，应用amazing。故选A。 (3) There ________ the answers ________ your questions in the newspaper. A．have, of B．are, of C．is, to D．are, to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:报纸上有你问题的答案。 考查主谓一致和介词的用法。此处是there be句型，主语是the answers，根据语境是一般现在时态，be动词用are;短语 the answers to...“..….的答案。故选D。 (4) —________ there a bank and a post office here? —Yes, ________. A．Is; there is B．Is; it is C．Are; there are D．Are; they are 【答案】A 【详解】句意:--这儿有银行和邮局吗?--是的，这里有。 考查there be句型的一般疑问句。根据"there a bank and a post office here?"可知，there be结构进循“就近原则"，即be动词出最近的名词来定，“a bank”表示单数，故应用is;肯定回答用Yes,there is。故选A。 (5) —_________ are you late? —Because I missed the early train. A．When B．What C．Why D．Where 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你为什么迟到?--因为我错过了早班火车。 考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候，询问时间;what什么，询问具体信息;why为什么，询问原因;Where在哪里，询问地点。根据回答“Because I missed the early train,”可知，询问原因，用Why。故选C。 (6) —Hey, Mike. ________ a library near here? —Yes. It’s just across from the city park. A．How many B．Where is C．Is there D．How long 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--嘿，迈克。这附近有图书馆吗?--有，图书馆就在城市公园对面。 考查一般疑问句。根据答语“Yes. It's just across from the city park."可知，问句为一般疑问句。选项A，B和D引导的是特殊疑问句。故选C。 (7) To try new things, I plan to ________ playing baseball in the new term. A．look up B．put up C．turn up D．take up 【答案】D 【详解】句意:为了尝试新事物，我计划在新学期开始打棒球。 考查动词短语辨析。look up查阅;put up张贴;turn up出现;take up开始从事(某项活动)。根据"playing baseball"可知，此处应该新学期开始打棒球。“take up”符合句意。故选D。 (8) —You are perfect! Why can’t I just be like you? —Everyone is ________. Find your advantages (优点)and be yourself. A．special B．similar C．strange D．most 【答案】A 【详解】句意:--你太完美了!为什么我就不能像你一样?--每个人都是特别的。找到你的优势，做你自己。考查形容词词义辨析。special特殊的;similar类似的;strange奇怪的;most大多数的。根据"Find your advantages and be yourself.”"可知，此处是说每个人都是特别的，故选A。 (9) —Cindy, what and where do you do on Sunday afternoon? —I read(读) books in the ________ with my friends. A．screen B．library C．picture D．map 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--Cindy，你周日下午在哪里，做了什么?--我和朋友们在图书馆读书。考查名词辨析。screen屏幕;library图书馆;picture图画;map地图。根据“Cindy, what and where do you do on Sunday afternoon?”和“read(读)books”可知，应该是在图书馆读书。故选B。 (10) Mobile phones are important in the ________ world. A．ancient B．modern C．delicious D．large 【答案】B 【详解】句意:手机在现代世界很重要。 考查形容词辨析。ancient古代的;modern现代的;delicious美味的;large大的。由“Mobile phones are important in the...word"可知，手机在现代世界很重要。故选B。 (11) —How about playing computer games? —That ________ boring(无聊的). Let’s play basketball. A．looks B．sounds C．changes D．sends 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--打电脑游戏怎么样?--那听上去很无聊。让我们打篮球。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来;sounds听起来;changes改变;sends发送。根据“That...boring. Lei's play basketball.”可知，提出来的建议听起来很无聊。需填sounds，为感官动词，后跟形容词。故选B。 (12) —________ —It’s big and clean. There are ten buildings and a playground in it. A．How do you think of your school? B．What does your school like? C．What’s your school like? D．How do you like your school? 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你的学校是什么样的?--它又大又干净。里面有十栋楼和一个操场。考查特殊疑问句。How do you think of your school表达有误;What does you school like表达有误;What's your school like你的学校是什么样的;How do you like your school你觉得你的学校怎么样。根据答语“It's big and clean,"可知，上句是询问学校是什么样的。故选C。 4. 根据情境写句子或翻译句子。 (1) 餐厅在艺术楼前面(翻译句子) 【参考答案】The dining hall is in front of the art building. (2) 体育馆在教学楼对面(翻译句子) 【参考答案】The gym is across from the classroom building. (3) 当你提建议周末去野餐，你可以说： 【参考答案】How about going on a picnic this weekend? (4) 你想知道操场在哪里，你可以问： 【参考答案】Where is the playground? (5) 你想知道你们学校里有没有实验室，你可以问： 【参考答案】Is there a ab in our school? (6) 你想告诉对方你们学校有一座科学楼和三栋教学楼，你可以说： 【参考答案】There is a science building and three classroom building in our school. (7) 根据下图，分别以教学楼，科学楼和教师楼位参照物描述下运动场sports field的位置。 【参考答案】 · The sports field is in front of the classroom building. · The sports field is behind the science building. · The sports field is next to the teachers’ building. (8) 根据提示描述一个你喜欢的学校场所，并简要阐述原因。 lab; do experiments(实验); interesting 【参考答案】 My favourite place in my school is the lab. It is near the sports field. We learn science by doing experiments in it. It is very interesting to do experiments. And we can also learn a lot about science. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 My school 单元核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 本资料包含单元重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重要句型和语法讲解，以及其他单元重要知识点。 · 本资料含随学随练和综合练习题，并附带答案与解析。 · 本单元内容思维导图: 1、 单元重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. dining hall 餐厅 2. *in front of 在...的前面 3. art building 艺术楼 4. next to 在...旁边 5. *across from 在...对面 6. behind the student center 在学生中心后面 7. classroom building 教学楼 8. science building 科学楼 9. school hall 学校礼堂 10. music hall 音乐厅 11. between...and... 在...和...之间 12. *sports field 运动场 13. student’s desk 讲台 14. a smart whiteboard 智能白板 15. *put up 张贴；搭建 16. *at the back of... 在...后面 17. reading corner 阅读角 18. in the UK 在英国 19. in the corner 在墙角 20. fun things 有趣的事情 21. *at school 在学校 22. *different from 与...不一样 23. thanks for 因...而感谢 24. answer your question 回答你的问题 25. *do exercises 做体操 26. raise the flag 升旗 27. a special way to do 做某事的一个特别的方式 28. most of the time 大多数时间 29. change seats 更换座位 30. my best friend 我最好的朋友 31. many kinds of 很多种类的 32. *How about...? ...怎么样？ 33. send you an email 给你发送一份邮件 34. *similar to 类似的，相像的 35. sound fun 听起来很有趣 36. would(’d) like to do 表示愿意，喜欢 37. tell sb. sbout... 告诉某人... 38. many interesting places 很多有趣的地方 39. *bye for now 再见 40. show sb. around 在某人四处参观 41. on our tour 在我们的旅程中 42. welcome to our school 欢迎来到我们学校 2、 单元重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *hall /hɔːl/n. 礼堂；大厅；门厅 [词汇搭配] * 餐厅；school hall 学校大厅；music hall音乐厅 [词汇例句] She ran into the hall and up the stairs. 她跑进门厅，冲上楼梯。 There are three dining halls on campus. 校园里有三个餐厅。 2. *building /'bɪldɪŋ/n. 建筑物，房子；建筑，建筑业 [词汇拓展] build (v.)建造；builder (n.)建造者 [词汇搭配] art building艺术楼； 教学楼 [词汇例句] There is a tall building next to the old bridge. 桥旁边有一座高的建筑物。 3. 补充词汇：其他学校场所名词 school gate 学校大门；library图书馆；playground操场；dormitory宿舍；fountain/ˈfaʊntən/喷泉 teachers’ building教师楼；stadium/ˈsteɪdiəm/(周围有看台的露天的)体育场；pond池塘 lab实验室 4. *across /əˈkrɒs/(prep. & adv.) 过，穿过；遍及，在...各处 [词汇拓展] cross(v.)跨越，渡过；through(prep.)从一端至另一端，穿过，通过 [词汇搭配] * 在...对面；go across the road 过马路； across the country遍及全国；come across 偶然遇见； get across(使)被理解；把…讲清楚 [词汇例句] There's a school just across from our house.有一所学校就在我们房子对面。 I drew a line across the page.我在这一页上画了一条横线。 [词汇辨析] · across是介词；cross是动词。 They went across the road. They crossed the road. · across指从物体表面穿过；through指从物体当中穿过；over指在某物体的垂直正上方，或悬在...的上方。 Alice walked across the bridge. (从桥面上走过) The sunlight came in through the window. (从窗户当中穿过) They held a large umbrella over her. (伞悬在头部上方) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal(京杭大运河), a beautiful river, runs ________ Siyang and there are many beautiful bridges ________ the river. A．across; through B．across; over C．through; over D．through; through (2) —Can a plane fly ________ the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)? —Yes, and it needs to go ________ the clouds. A．through; through B．across; across C．through; across D．across; through 5. *centre /ˈsentə(r)/（=center）中心，中央 [词汇拓展] central (adj.)中心的，中央的；centrally (adv.) 中心地，中央地 [词汇搭配] 在学生中心后面；a shopping center 购物中心 the centre of town市中心；in the center of...在...的中央 [词汇例句] Traffic is bad, especially in the city centre. 交通状况很差，尤其是在市中心。 6. *gym /dʒɪm/n. (=gymnasium/dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/) 体育馆；健身房；(尤指学校的)体育活动 [词汇搭配] in the gym 在体育馆；gym shoes运动鞋 [词汇用法] · gym表示“体育馆，健身房”时是可数名词。 The school has recently built a new gym. 学校最近新建了一个体育馆。 · 表示“体育活动”时是不可数名词。 I don't enjoy gym. 我不喜欢做体育运动。 7. *field /fiːld/(n.)场地；田地；领域，界；(adj.)实地的，野外的；(v.) 处理，应付（问题或意见） [词汇搭配] * 运动场；a football field 足球场；a field study 实地研究 field trip（常指学生）野外考察，实地考察， 户外教学 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中field的中文意思。 (1) People were working in the fields. (2) The BBC had to field more than 300 phone calls after last night's programme. (3) We’ll build a new field for students. (4) He’s famous in the field of music. (5) The scientists will carry out a filed study. 8. *office /'ɒfɪs/ (n.)办公室；(问询、购票或提供服务的)处，所；要职，重要官职 [词汇拓展] officer(n.)官员；军官；official(adj.) 公务的，公职的；正式的，官方的 [词汇搭配] Ms Gao’s office 高老师的办公室；office workers 办公室人员；a ticket office 售票处 [词汇例句] Some people have to share an office. 有些人只好合用一间办公室。 9. *large /lɑːdʒ/ (adj.)大的；大号的 [词汇拓展] medium (adj.)中号的；small (adj.)小号的；largely (adv.)在很大程度上；主要地 [词汇搭配] a large school 大学校；a large number of people很多人 at large 整个，全部；未被捕获的；by and large 总体上，总的来说 [词汇例句] By and large, I enjoyed my time at school. 总的说来，我在学校很开心。 10. *special /'speʃl/ (adj.)特别的；特殊的；(n.)特色菜，特产，特别节目 [词汇拓展] specially (adv.)特别的 [词汇搭配] something special 一些特别的事情；a special day 一个特别的日子 [词汇例句] She's a very special friend. 她是我特别要好的朋友。 What are your special hobbies? 你有哪些特别的爱好？ 11. *smart /smɑːt/ (adj.)智能的；聪明的；衣着讲究的；(衣服等)整洁漂亮的；(动作等)快速的，敏捷的 [词汇拓展] smartly(adv.) 迅速的；利落的；clever(adj.)聪明的 [词汇搭配] 智能白板；smart phone智能手机 a smart girl一个聪明小女孩 [词汇例句] She's smarter than her brother. 她比她哥哥聪明。 She always wears smart clothes. 她总是穿着光鲜的衣服。 12. *important /ɪmˈpɔ:tnt/(adj.)重要的 [词汇拓展] importantly(adv.) 重要地；importance(n.)重要，重要性 [词汇搭配] It is important to do...做某事是很重要的 be of much/great importance(=be important)很重要 the importance of... ... 的重要性 [词汇例句] Listening is an important part of the job.倾听是这项工作的一个重要部分。 It's very important to read every day. (=It’s of great importance to read every day.)每天阅 读是很重要的。 [随学随练] 用important适当形式填空。 (1) It is for students to listen carefully in class. (2) It is of much/great to listen carefully in class. (3) I was hungry, and, more , my children were hungry. (4) The class teacher always stresses(强调) the of being polite. 13. *notice /'nəʊtɪs/(n.)通知；注意；(v.) 注意到；意识到 [词汇搭配] * 张贴重要的通知 notice sb. do/doing注意到某人做某事/正在做某事 take notice of..注意...，理会；come to one’s notice引起某人的注意 [词汇例句] Take no notice of what he says. 别理会他说的话。 People were making fun of him but he didn't seem to notice.人们在跟他开玩笑，但他好 像没有理会。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Sandy noticed an old woman ______ the road with a heavy bag, so she ran to help her. A．crossed B．crossing C．to cross D．cross (2) I didn’t notice Tom ________ the coat and leave. I was busy cooking in the kitchen. A．take B．takes C．taking D．took 14. *corner /'kɔːnə(r)/n. 角；墙角；街角 [词汇搭配] in the corner在墙角；on/at the corner of the street在街角 around/round the corner 很近；在附近； [词汇例句] There was a television in the far corner of the room. 房间那一头墙角里摆着一台电视机。 The Spring Festival is around the corner. 春节就要到了。 15. *screen /skriːn/n. 屏幕；银幕；屏风，隔板；(v.)掩藏，遮蔽；放映（电影），播放（电视节目）； 检查，筛查(以确定是否患病)； 筛选，甄别(看是否可靠) [词汇搭配] a computer screen计算机屏幕；a cinema/movie screen 电影银幕 [词汇例句] Dark glasses screened his eyes from the sun. 他戴了一副墨镜，保护眼睛不受阳光照射。 Some actors never watch themselves on screen. 有的演员从来不看自己拍的戏。 16. *modern /'mɒdn/(adj.)现代的；当代的；现代化的，新式的 [词汇拓展] ancient (adj.)古代的 [词汇搭配] many modern buildings 很多现代的建筑物；modern art 现代艺术 [词汇例句] Modern technology has opened our eyes to many things. 现代科技开阔了我们的眼界， 让我们了解了许多事物。 17. *amazing /ə'meɪzɪŋ/(adj.)令人惊奇(惊喜或惊叹)的 [词汇搭配] amaze (v.)使惊奇；amazed(adj.)感到惊奇的；amazement (n.)惊奇 amazingly(adj.)令人惊奇地 [词汇搭配] an amazing success惊人的成功 [词汇例句] It’s amazing that he win first place in the singing competition. 他在歌咏比赛中获得第 一名，真是令人惊奇。 [随学随练] 用amazing的适当形式填空。 (1) , no one noticed. (2) What an  story Shakuntala has told us! (3) We were to find that no one was hurt(受伤). (4) She looked at him in . 18. *raise /reɪz/(v.)使升高；提高；(使)直立，站立；募集，征集；抚养，养育；饲养，种植 [词汇搭配] 升旗；raise money筹钱，募捐； [词汇例句] She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下工作，抬起头看了看。 They plan to raise the prices. 他们打算提高价格。 [词汇辨析] · raise是及物动词，后接宾语，表示“使...上升” He raised his head from the pillow.他从枕头上抬起头来。 · rise用作不及物动词，后不接宾语，表示物体从低处向高处上升，也可以指数量，数字的上升。 She rose from the chair.她从椅子上站起来。 Prices of vegetables rise a lot.蔬菜的价格上升了很多。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 19. *most /məʊst/ (adj. & pron.)大多数；最多；最大；(adv.)最 [词汇搭配] at most至多，不超过；most of the time大多数时间 [词汇例句] I spent most time on the first question. 我在第一个问题上花的时间最多。 I stayed at home most of the time. 大多数时间我都在待在家里。 [词汇用法] · most可以用作many和much的最高级，表示“(数量上)最多的，最大的”。 She had the most money of all of them.在这些人当中，她最有钱。 · most也可以用作形容词或代词，表示“大多数，几乎所有”。 I like most vegetables. 几乎什么蔬菜我都喜欢。 · most可以与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词连用，构成最高级。 most beautiful最漂亮的 most quickly最快地 20. *change /tʃeɪndʒ/ (v.)改变，变化；替换，更换；兑换(货币)，将...换成零钱；(n.) 改变，变化；替换，更换；找零的钱；零钱 [词汇搭配] 更换座位；change into变成...； change one’s mind改变决定(或看法) [词汇例句] Computers have changed the way people work. 计算机改变了人的工作方式。 The lights changed from red to green.交通灯已由红变绿。 She is someone who hates change.她是十分讨厌变革的那种人。 21. *delicious /dɪ'lɪʃəs/ (adj.)美味的；可口的 [词汇拓展] deliciously (adv.) 美味地，可口地 [词汇搭配] delicious jiaozi 美味的饺子 [词汇例句] Who cooked this? It's delicious. 谁做的？味道好极了。 22. *How about ……怎么样；如何 [词汇用法] How about…? =What about...? · (询问信息)…怎么样，…情况如何 I'm not going. How about you? 我不打算去。你呢？ · (提出建议)…怎么样，…行不行，…好吗 How about playing basketball ? 打篮球怎么样？ [词汇拓展] 常用于提建议的结构 · How /What about (doing) sth.? How about playing soccer ? 踢足球怎么样？ · Let’s +动词原型+其他. Let’s ask the teacher for help. 我们向老师求助吧。 · Why not +动词原型+其他? / Why don’t you +动词原型+其他? Why not listen to English songs? 为什么不听英语歌呢？ · You should / can +动词原型+其他. You should have a good talk with your mother. 你应该和你妈妈好好聊一聊。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —_________ go out for a picnic next Sunday? —Good idea! A．Let B．Would you like C．How about D．Why not (2) —Mum, I am always feeling tired these days. —________ doing something fun? A．Why not B．Shall we C．How about D．Why don’t you 23. *send /send/(v.) 发送，邮寄；派遣，打发；把…送进，安排…去； 使进入(某种状态) [词汇搭配] 给你发送一封邮件；send for 请...帮忙；让人带来某物 send sb. to把某人送到...；send out分发，散发；发出(光、信号、声音等) send sb. to do...派/叫某人去做某事 [词汇例句] She sent the kids to bed early. 她早早打发孩子们上床睡觉。 Her music always sends me to sleep. 她的音乐总使我进入梦乡。 24. *similar /'sɪmələ(r)/ (adj.)类似的；相像的 [词汇拓展] similarly (adv.) 类似的；similarity (n.)相似，相似性 dissimilar(adj.) 不相似的，不同的 [词汇搭配] * 类似的；相像的 [词汇例句] We have very similar interests.我们兴趣相仿。 The two houses are similar in size.两座房子大小差不多。 25. *sound/saʊnd/ (v.)听起来；好像；(n.)声音，响声；声(指通过空气、水或其他物质传播的一种能量)；(adj.) 明智的，合理的；(身体)健康的，(心智)健全的；酣畅的，香甜的 [词汇搭配] sound fun 听起来有趣；the sound of... ...的声音；(It) sounds good/great!听起来不错！ a sound body健康的身体；safe and sound安然无恙 [词汇例句] His voice sounded strange on the phone. 他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。 [随学随练] 写出sound在下列句子中的中文意思。 (1) She heard the sound of footsteps(脚部) outside. (2) He gave me some very sound advice. (3) He had a sound night's sleep. (4) We arrived home safe and sound . (5) Sound travels(传播) more slowly than light. (6) His voice sounded strange(奇怪的) on the phone. [词汇辨析] · sound普通用词，泛指耳朵能听到的任何声响。 What made these sounds?这些声音是怎么回事? She loves the sound of rain on the roof.她喜欢雨打屋顶的声音。 · noise 噪声。尤指刺耳、喧闹、可怕的声音，有时由多种声音混杂在一起。 Don’t make any noise. 不要制造噪声。 · voice 嗓音主要指人的说话声和歌唱声。 He told me the news in a low voice. 他低声的告诉我这个消息。 26. front /frʌnt/ (n.)前面；(adj.)前面的 [词汇搭配] * 在…前面；in the front of...在...的前部；front teeth 门牙 [词汇例句] Keep your eyes to the front and walk straight ahead. 两眼看着正前方径直往前走。 [词汇辨析] · “A in front of B”表示“A在B的前面”，A在B的外部； 相应的，表示“A在B的后面”，用“A behind B”。 There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。(树在房子的外面) A boy is behind the car.车后面有个男生。(男生在车的外面) · “A in the front of B”指“A位于B的内部前部”，A位于B的里面； 相应的，表示“A在B的内部后部”，用“A at the back of B”。 I sat in the front of the bus .我坐在公交车的前部。(我在公交车里面) Tom is sitting at the back of the classroom. 汤姆正坐在教室的后面。(汤姆在教室里) [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Is Miss Wang ________ the classroom? —Yes. She is standing ________ the students and telling a story to them. A．in front of; in the front of B．in the front of; in front of C．in front of; in front of 27. up /ʌp/ (adv.)向上 [词汇搭配] * 张贴，搭建，举起；be up to sb. 是...的职责，由...决定； up to到达（某数量、程度等）give up放弃；get up起床，起立；set up成立，设立； use up用完；make up编造；take up开始做，培养(兴趣)；look up向上看，查阅； show up出现；wake up醒来；turn up出现；调高；dress up装扮；cut up切碎； stay up late熬夜 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Tina, I want to make some soup. Can you ________ some tomatoes for me? —Sure, no problem. A．make up B．put up C．wake up D．cut up (2) Mary ________ for the English test last night, so she felt tired in class. A．put up B．stayed up C．woke up D．got up (3) The lady ________ dancing as a hobby in her sixties, and she is really good at it now. A．dressed up B．grew up C．put up D．took up (4) Many Chinese people usually ________ some paper cuttings(剪纸) on windows, doors and walls as symbols(象征) of wishes for good luck. A．put up B．give up C．set up D．turn up 28. back/bæk/(n.)后面；背部；(adj.)后面的，背后；(adv.)回来，回原处；以前；(v.) (使)后退；帮助，支持 [词汇搭配] * 在(……)后面；back to back背靠背；背对背 back to front（衣服）前后颠倒（或前后穿反） behind sb's back背着某人；背地里；私下 be on sb's back缠磨；烦扰；put back 放回去 back away (from sb/sth)躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避 back down 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输 back up后退，倒（车）；支持，证实 turn one’s back on...转身背对；背弃，抛弃 [随学随练] 用[词汇搭配]中的短语完成句子。 (1) 他把棒球帽反戴着。 He wears his baseball cap . (2) 如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。 I'll if they don't believe you. (3) 她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。 She refused to on a point of principle. (4) 他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。 She them when they needed her. (5) 我把车倒到门前。 I to the door. (6) 他们径自背着我把它卖了。 They went ahead and sold it . 29. science /ˈsaɪəns/(n.)科学 [词汇拓展] scientist (n.)科学家；scientific (adj.)科学的；technology (n.)科技，技术 [词汇搭配] science building科学楼；science and technology科学技术；modern science现代科学 [词汇例句] Mr. Green is our science teacher. 格林先生是我们的科学老师。 Science makes our life nicer. 科学使我们的生活更美好。 30. famous /ˈfeɪməs/(adj.) 著名的 [词汇拓展] fame (n.)名声；famously (adv.)著名地；infamous(adj.)臭名远扬的 [词汇搭配] 一些著名人物的图片；be famous for...因...而出名 [词汇例句] He became famous for his books. 他因他的书而变得出名。 31. email /ˈiːmeɪl/(n.)电子邮件；(v) (给某人)发电子邮件 [词汇搭配] send sb. an email给某人发邮件；email sth. to sb. 用电子邮件发送；by email通过邮件 [词汇例句] Patrick emailed me yesterday. 帕特里克昨天给我发电邮了 Jamie e-mailed me to say he couldn't come.杰米给我发了电子邮件，说他不能来了。 32. answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/(v.)回答；答复；(n.) 答案 [词汇搭配] answer to sth. 某事的答案；answer a letter回信；answer the phone接电话 answer the door应门；answer back回嘴，顶嘴 [词汇例句] He answered me with a smile. 他对我报以微笑。 I rang the bell, but there was no answer. 我按了门铃，但没有人应门。 [词汇辨析] · answer 指通过文字、言语或行动作出回答，一般不后接介词 to。 He cannot answer your question.他没法回答你的问题。 · reply 多指经过考虑后给出答案，一般不用于口语，常后接介词 to。 She didn't reply to his message.她没有回复他的留言。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The girl __________ politely to him when the old man asked the way. A．answered B．replied C．asked D．told (2) The answers ________ our questions about _________ TV were also interesting. A．to; watching B．of; watching C．to; watched D．of; watched 33. question /ˈkwestʃən/ (n.) 问题；怀疑，困惑；(v.) 正式提问，质询；表示疑问，怀疑 [词汇搭配] 回答你的问题；in question 有疑问，不确定 [词汇例句] They asked a great many questions about England. 他们问了一大堆有关英格兰的问题。 No one questions her decision. 没有人怀疑她的决定。 34. exercise /'eksəsaɪz/ (n.&v) 运动；锻炼；练习 [词汇搭配] * 做体操；do morning exercises 做早操； take exercise 锻炼；exercise your arms锻炼你的手臂 [词汇用法] · exercise作动词，表示“锻炼”。 He often exercises in the park. 他经常在公园锻炼。 · exercise也可以作名词，当表示“(身体或脑力的)活动，锻炼，运动”时，是不可数名词；当表示“一套动作”和“习题，练习”时，是可数名词。 Doing morning exercises is good for our body. 做早操对我们的身体有益。 Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是有益的运动。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tom does morning ________ to keep healthy and does maths ________ at night. A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercises C．exercise; exercise D．exercises; exercise 35. way /weɪ/(n.)方式；道路；方面 [词汇搭配] all the way 一路上，自始至终；by the way顺便提一下，顺便问一句； get in the way of 挡…的路；妨碍；give way to被...代替；屈服于； in a way在某种程度上；make one’s way to 前往；no way不可能，决不； on the/one’s way to在去...路上；a special/good way to do...做某事的一个特别的/好的方式 [词汇例句] I'm not happy with this way of working. 我不喜欢这种工作方法。 Can you tell me the way to Leicester Square? 你能告诉我去莱斯特广场的路吗？ [随学随练] 用[词汇搭配]中的短语完成句子。 (1) 顺便问一句，几点钟了？ What's the time, ? (2) 从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯的最大错误之一。 it was one of our biggest mistakes. (3) 在回家的路上，我遇到了一个老朋友。 , I met one of my old friends. (4) 跑步是保持健康的一个好办法。 Running is healthy. (5) 他下了车，并朝房子走去。 He got off and the house. (6) 有的时候，业余爱好会妨碍孩子的功课。 Sometimes hobbies can children’s schoolwork. 36. tell /tel/(v.) 告诉；讲述；区分，辨别 [词汇搭配] tell sth. to sb.=tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about...告诉某人...； tell sb. (not) to do 告诉某人(不要)做某事；tell a story讲故事；tell A from B 区分A与B [词汇例句] Did she tell you her name?她告诉你她的姓名了吗？ [词汇辨析] · tell侧重一方告诉另一方。也可以表示讲述。 · speak侧重表达主语在说话，别人在听；talk强调双方之间谈话，即主语和主语以外的人共同说话。 · speak侧重说话的动作或说话的能力(会说某种语言)；say强调说话的内容，后接所讲的内容。 [随学随练] 选词填空talk/speak/say/tell。 (1) Sally me she can English. (2) Mr. Black often with us about sports. (3) I need to goodbye to my friends. (4) Can you stories? 37. interesting/mntrastn/ (adj.)有趣的 [词汇拓展] interest (n.)兴趣；(v.)使感兴趣；interested (adj.)感兴趣的；interestingly(adj.)有趣地 [词汇搭配] 很有有趣的地方；an interesting question一个有趣的问题 [随学随练] 用interest的正确形式填空。 (1) The film is very   and I like it a lot. (2) Mary likes insects (昆虫). And she is  in biology. (3) Her main(主要的) are music and gardening. (4) The book me because I like the funny stories in it. (5) these shy babies usually have shy parents. 3、 单元重点句型解析 1. 询问方位与描述位置的句型 (1) Where is/are...? ...在哪里？ Where is the library?图书馆在哪里？ Where are the bookcases? 书柜在哪里？ (2) Is/Are there+名词(+方位介词+...)? 在...有...吗？ Is there a music hall in your school? 你们学校有音乐厅吗？ Are there any fountains ? 有喷泉吗？ (3) It’s / They’re / ... +方位介词+.... 它在/它们在... —Where is the dining hall? 餐厅在哪里？ —It is in front of the art building. 它在艺术楼前面。 —Where are the lockers ?储物柜在哪里？ —They’re in the classroom building. 它们在教学楼里。 2. 用方位介词描述位置 (1) in front of 在...前面(在外部)；其反义词是behind... 在...后面(在外部) There is a fountain in front of the teachers’ building. 在教师楼前面有一个喷泉。 A big dining hall is behind the gym. 体育馆后面有个大的食堂。 (2) in the front of 在...前部(在内部)；其反义词是at the back of... 在...后部(在内部) A bookcase is in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有个书柜。 There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. 教室后面有块黑板。 (3) next to在...旁边；near紧邻 There is a student center next to the library. 图书馆旁边有个学生中心。 (4) between...and... 在...和...中间 The science lab is between the gym and the student center. 科学实验室在体育馆和学生中心中间。 (5) across from / opposite 在...对面 The sports field is across from the science building. 运动场在科学楼对面。 (6) in+the+east/west/north/south+of ... 在...的东面/西面/北面/南面(在内部) to+the+east/west/north/south+of ... 在...的东面/西面/北面/南面(两者不接壤) in the east of our school 在我们学校的东面(在学校里面) to the south of the art building 在艺术楼南面(在艺术楼的外面) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Excuse me. ________ is the dining hall? I’m new here. —It’s behind the classroom building. A．When B．Where C．What D．How (2) —________ is the science lab? —It’s in front of the office building. A．When B．What C．Where D．How (3) —Where’s your school? —Our school is                the library and the restaurant. A．next to B．near C．between D．across from (4) Kate is drawing some pictures on the blackboard ________ the classroom. A．in the front of B．in front of C．across from D．behind (5) —Where is the playground? —It’s _________ the west of the school, ________ the south of our classroom. A．to; to B．on; in C．to; in D．in; to 翻译句子。 (1) —体育馆在哪里？ —它在艺术楼和音乐厅中间。 — — (2) —学生中心在哪里？ —它在图书馆旁边。 — — (3) —你们学校有科学楼吗？ —有的。 — — (4) —你们教室有智能白板啊？ —没有。 — — 4、 单元重点语法解析 there be句型 there be句型表示“(在...地方)有/存在...”。there be后的名词是句子的实义主语。there为引导词，也成形式主语。 1. there be句型的基本结构(以一般现在时，肯定句为例) (1) There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语 There is an English book on the desk.书桌上有一本英语书。 (2) There are+复数可数名词+地点状语 There are some pears on the table.桌子上有一些梨子。 (3) There is+不可数名词+地点状语  There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 2. there be句型中be的选择(以一般现在时为例) (1) be要与后面的实义主语在人称和数上保持一致。 There is some milk. 有一些牛奶。(milk不可数，用is) There are some 45 students in skating group. (students是复数名词，用are) (2) 如果be后的实义主语是多个并列项，要按就近原则，与第一项保持一致。 注意比较下列句子： There is a pencil and some erasers on the desk.(第一项是a pencil，单数名词，用is) There is some erasers and a pencil on the desk.(第一项是some erasers，复数名词，用are) 3. there be句型的各种句式(以一般现在时为例) (1) 否定句：There is/are not.... is not所略为isn’t ； are not缩略为aren’t 。 转换规则：在be动词后加not。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any。 There isn’t a tablet on the desk. 桌子上没有平板电脑。 There aren’t any students in the classroom. 教室里没有学生。 (否定句中用any) (2) 一般疑问句：Is/Are (not) there...? 转换规则：把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时，要改为any。 回答：肯定回答Yes, there is/are. 否定回答No, there isn’t/aren’t. —Is there a tablet on the desk? 桌子上有一台平板电脑吗？ —Yes, there is. 是的。 —Are there any students in the classroom? 教室里有一些学生吗？ (疑问句中用any) —No,there aren’t. (3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(短语)+is/are there...? · 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who”提问；当主语是物时，用“What”。 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况 来决定。 There are some boys under the bridge. →Who is under the bridge? There is a bottle on the table. →What is on the table? · 对数量提问： 提问对象是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，用“How many+复数名词+are there+...？”。 提问对象是不可数名词，则用“ How much +不可数名词+ is there +...？”。 There are fifty students in our class. →How many students are there in your class? There is some milk in the glass? →How much milk is there in the glass? 4. there be句型用于各种时态 (1) there be句型用于一般现在时（详见以上内容） (2) there be句型用于一般过去时 · 陈述句： There was(not)+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语。 There was(not)+不可数名词+地点状语。 There were(not)+复数名词+地点状语。 主语为几个并列名词时, be 的形式与距它最近的一个名词在数量上保持一致。 There was a bridge over the river. 河上以前有座桥。 There were many apple trees across from the river. 河对面以前有很多苹果树。 There was a librarian and many new books in the library in 1999. 1999年图书馆有一个管理员和很多新书。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were (not) +there+名词+...? 回答：肯定回答Yes, there was/were 否定回答No, there wasn’t/weren’t. —Was there a car company in your town? 你们镇子上以前有一家汽车公司吗？ —Yes , there was. 是的，有。 —Weren’t there any pears in the fridge? 冰箱里没有一些苹果吗？ —No, there weren’t. 是的，没有。 (3) there be句型用于一般将来时 · There will be+名词+.... · There is/are going to be+名词+.... 注意： is/are的选择与名词保持数和人称的一致。 there is/are going to 后的be不能改成have。 There will be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有个会议。 There is going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有个会议。 5. there be句型的拓展 (1) 表示肯定推测：There must/may/can be... 一定有/也许有/可能有 There must be many people in the theater. 剧院里一定有很多人。 (2) 表式否定推测：There can’t be... 不可能有 There can’t be more than fifty books on the shelf. 架子上不可能有超过50本的书。 6. there be与have的区别 (1) There be 句型表示“某地有某物”或“某时有某物”，强调空间上或时间上的存在。 There was an apple tree in front of the house. 以前有棵苹果树 (2) have/has 则表示“某人拥有某物”, 强调所属关系。 He has two volleyballs. 他有两个排球。 (3) 表示某物的组成部分时, 二者可以互换。 There are 20 students in our class.我们班有20个学生。 Our class has 20 students. 我们班有20个学生。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) There ______ some old houses near my school last year. A．is B．are C．was D．were (2) There _______ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．will have (3) Look, ___________ many restaurants in front of the bank. A．has               . B．have C．there is D．there are (4) There ________ a foreign teacher and some students talking about Chinese tea. A．has B．have C．are D．is (5) ―________ there __________ a “helping hands” meeting this weekend? ―Yes, all the volunteers(志愿者) will go to it. A．Is; going to have B．Is; have C．Is; be D．Is; going to be (6) There ________ more than one answer to the question. A．may have B．will have C．can have D．can be (7) —Is there a dog at the gate? —________ And I like the dog. A．Yes, there is. B．No, there isn’t. C．Yes, it is. D．No, there aren’t. (8) There________ any new books in the shelf. A．isn’t B．not is C．aren’t D．not are (9) Look, there ________ some information about the talent show on the school message board(留言板). A．is B．are C．was D．were (10) ________ there any food and drinks in the fridge? A．Will B．Will be C．Is D．Are 用be动词的适当形式填空。 (1) There ________ a modern high-speed train station in my hometown next year. (2) There ________ a ruler and two erasers in the pencil case. Can you pass the ruler to me ? (3) —________ there any tomatoes in the fridge? —No, there aren’t. (4) There ________ two basketball matches tomorrow afternoon. (5) There ________ some apple juice in the bottle. I want to drink some. (6) We all enjoy music. There ________ so much fun in music. (7) Every year, there ________ a science festival in our school. (8) There ________ some trees behind the house. But my father cut them down. (9) There ________ any photos in the drawer. It’s empty. (10) —________ there a French girl at there party yesterday? —Yes, there________. 按要求完成句子。 (1) There is some orange juice in the glass.（改为否定句） (2) There are some books on the teacher’s desk.（变为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） — — (3) There was a square(广场) and a big house near the river. （变为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — — (4) There are forty students in Sally’s class.（对划线部分提问） (5) There are two glasses of milk on the table. (对划线部分提问) (6) There is some rice in the bag. （变为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — — 翻译句子。 (1) 教学楼前面有一栋科学楼。 (2) 图书馆旁边有一个学生中心。 (3) 我们学校有一个图书馆和三栋教学楼。 (4) 在体育馆和音乐厅中间有一座艺术楼。 (5) 你们教室里有阅读角吗？ (6) 教学楼里有一些储物柜吗？ 5、 单元语音学习 1. 单词重音 (1) 单音节词都是重读音节，且不需要标注重读符号。 如：bat /bæt/ ; late /leɪt/ (2) 双音节词的重音一般在第一个音节上，少数双音节的词在第二个音节上。 如：jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/; open /ˈəʊpən/ 等重音在第一个音节上 about /əˈbaʊt/; excuse /ɪkˈskju:s/ 等重音在第二个音节上 (3) 三音节词的重音一般也在第一个音节上，少数三音节词的重音在第二个音节上。 如：favourite /ˈfeɪvərɪt/; interesting/ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 等重音在第一个音节上 computer /kəmˈpju:tə(r)/; piano /piˈænəʊ/等重音在第二个音节上 (4) 绝大多数前缀和后缀在词中是非重读的。 如：unˈhappy; disˈlike; ˈfinely 2. /ɔː/ ; /ɒ/ ; /uː/ ; /ʊ/发音 (1) /ɔː/ 的发音规则 · /ɔː/ 是长元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌头肌肉紧张，双唇收缩呈圆形，比/ɒ/ 更圆更小，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 or sport; fork; short; corn; horse au/aw autumn; author; fault; draw; strawberry al/ar small; talk; wall; tall; walk; warm our/oor four; pour; door; floor (2) /ɒ/的发音规则 · /ɒ/是短元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭微微抬起，舌头肌肉没有/ɒ/紧张。双唇稍微收圆，口张大。 · 常见字母或字母组合 o fox; not; clock; shop; boss a watch; wash; want (3) /uː/的发音规则 · /uː/是长元音。发音时，舌面后部抬起靠近最高点，舌位是后元音中最高的，舌头肌肉紧张。双唇收的很圆，比/ʊ/更圆更小，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 oo/o food; zoo; tooth; noodle; lose; move; who ue/u ruler; June; blue; true; glue (4) /ʊ/的发音规则 · /ʊ/是短元音。发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，口腔肌肉放松。双唇收拢呈圆形，向前突出。 · 常见字母或字母组合 u put; full; ou should; could oo look; good; foot; cook; wood [随学随练] 发音练习 · Four short horses saw some corn on the floor. · I want a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot. · A goose and two kangaroos are running after a balloon in the zoo. · The cook took a look at the book.Could he be a good cook? 单项填空 (1) 下列单词中，重音在第二个音节上的单词是________。 A．library B．computer C．family D．favourite (2) 下面哪一个单词的重读音节标记得不正确？ A．violin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ B．remember /rɪ'membə/ C．between /'bɪtwi:n/ D．elephant /'elɪfənt/ (3) 选项中单词划线字母组合的发音均为/u:/的是 __________。 A．too; school; good B．too; school; room C．look; good; book D．room; book; too (4) 下面单词中，画线部分发音与其他不相同的一项是 ____________。 A．much B．summer C．June D．duck (5) 画线部分与其他三个发音不同的是________。 A．sport B．short C．doctor D．fork 6、 综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Sandy drinks a   (大的)glass of warm milk every morning. (2) Behind the school gate, you can see a big  (运动场). (3) Hengshui, Xuancheng and Huzhou were three (中心) for making writing brushes in Chinese history. (4) (智能手机) are making a difference to our lives too much.  (5) We can (张贴) some (通知) on the wall. (6) He always did his writing (在...后面) his house. (7) There is a shop at the (街角) of the street. And some (储物柜) are in it. (8) It is bad for your eyes to stare at the (屏幕) for a long time. (9) Scientists once thought that man (与...不同) animals because he can think and learn.  (10) The Long March(长征) is an (重要的)part of  (现代的) Chinese history.  (11) Do you take part in any (令人惊喜的活动) (在学 校)? (12) He likes to (使升高) his left hand before starting to run. (13) The robots dance and wave a (旗帜) to welcome students. (14) She is trying to (改变) her bad habits. (15) Judy enjoys the  (特别的) but (美味的) food. (16) Flora (与...类似) Jane. They both like staying up late. (17) Sarah always (发送一封电子邮件给...) me on Friday night. (18) The (声音) of someone’s mobile phone can break up the quietness in the (图书馆). (19) My father (给我将一个有趣的故事) before bed every day. (20) Doing housework is (锻炼的一个好 办法) children’s bodies. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的代词、介词等。 (1) I don’t like to play ping-pong. How about  (play)football? (2) When I walked across the bridge, I noticed some boys (play) near the river. (3) The head teacher always tells us the (important)of studying hard. (4) The answer the question is not right. (5) Mount Huangshan is famous its beautiful scenery(风景). (6) Students are doing eye (exercise). (7) Mum tells me (do) homework first. (8) She is (interest) in the book. She thinks it is (interest). (9) There (be)a computer and a clock on the desk. (10) Maybe he thought it was the best way (show) what he saw and felt.  (11) They are different each other. There are some (different) between them. (12) Students change (seat) every week. (13) Thank you for (help) me with English. (14) I’d like (make) a cake for you. (15) A tall man is sitting next Tony. 3. 单项填空。 (1) The bus driver ________ a blue coat sits _______ me. He is driving happily _______ the bus. A．wears; in front of; in the front of B．wears; in front of; in front of C．in; in the front of; in front of D．in; in front of; in the front of (2) My parents are _________ to hear the _________news. A．amazed; amazing B．amazing; amazed C．amazed; amazed D．amazing; amazing (3) There ________ the answers ________ your questions in the newspaper. A．have, of B．are, of C．is, to D．are, to (4) —________ there a bank and a post office here? —Yes, ________. A．Is; there is B．Is; it is C．Are; there are D．Are; they are (5) —_________ are you late? —Because I missed the early train. A．When B．What C．Why D．Where (6) —Hey, Mike. ________ a library near here? —Yes. It’s just across from the city park. A．How many B．Where is C．Is there D．How long (7) To try new things, I plan to ________ playing baseball in the new term. A．look up B．put up C．turn up D．take up (8) —You are perfect! Why can’t I just be like you? —Everyone is ________. Find your advantages (优点)and be yourself. A．special B．similar C．strange D．most (9) —Cindy, what and where do you do on Sunday afternoon? —I read(读) books in the ________ with my friends. A．screen B．library C．picture D．map (10) Mobile phones are important in the ________ world. A．ancient B．modern C．delicious D．large (11) —How about playing computer games? —That ________ boring(无聊的). Let’s play basketball. A．looks B．sounds C．changes D．sends (12) —________ —It’s big and clean. There are ten buildings and a playground in it. A．How do you think of your school? B．What does your school like? C．What’s your school like? D．How do you like your school? 4. 根据情境写句子或翻译句子。 (1) 餐厅在艺术楼前面(翻译句子) (2) 体育馆在教学楼对面(翻译句子) (3) 当你提建议周末去野餐，你可以说： (4) 你想知道操场在哪里，你可以问： (5) 你想知道你们学校里有没有实验室，你可以问： (6) 你想告诉对方你们学校有一座科学楼和三栋教学楼，你可以说： (7) 根据下图，分别以教学楼，科学楼和教师楼位参照物描述下运动场sports field的位置。 (8) 根据提示描述一个你喜欢的学校场所，并简要阐述原因。 lab; do experiments(实验); interesting 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$