18 第一部分 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（北师大版）

HUMAN BIOLOGY 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·广州市综合测试)With the box in hand，I could feel my heart pounding when ringing Susan's doorbell． 2．(神态描写)(2024·浙江省十校联盟联考)When she realized what had happened，she laughed her head off． 3．(背景描写)(2024·南京市达标训练)A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean，and the sky was cloudless． (2024·大连市双基测试)While slowly looking through the screen with her fingertip and reading each comment，she was so moved that tears streamed down her cheeks．And during the whole day they were bathed in the neighbor's kindness and warmth． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．_______ vt．证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．________ vi．&vt．革新，创新，改革 3．____________ adv．人为地，虚假地 4．____________ adj．繁殖的，生殖的 5．_______ n．障碍，壁垒 6．_______ adj．至关重要的，关键性的 7．_____ adj．很有可能，肯定会 8．_____ vt．滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待 9．_______ vt．包含，容纳，装盛 10．_________ n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 11．__________ n．现象 12．________ vt．估计，估算 13．____ vt．埋葬，安葬；埋藏 14．_________ vt．计算，核算 15．____________ adv．象征地，象征性地 1．The object of these experiments was to find the connection，if any，between the two _________(phenomenon)． 2．I think you have made an error in ___________ (calculate) the total． 3．It ____________ (estimate) that the meeting will last four days． 4．She always has her head ______ (bury) in a book． 5．These man-made ________ (barrier) will ensure a very high degree of protection． 6．Her success had _________ (justify)the faith her teachers had put in her． 7．He looked at me for a moment，and then wrote a sentence ________(contain) the best advice I've ever had． 8．You've done so much work—you're bound _______ (pass)the exam． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．compare vi．& vt．比较→__________ n．比较 2．accurate adj．准确的，正确的→________ n．准确(性)→__________ adv．准确地；精确地 3．locate vi．&vt．找出……的准确位置→_______ adj．位于；坐落在→________ n．位置；地点 4．oppose vi．&vt．抵制，反对；抗争→_______ adj．与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物→__________ n．抵制，反对 5．depress vt．使沮丧；使萧条→_________ adj．沮丧的→__________ adj．令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→__________ n．沮丧；萧条 6．classify vt．将……分类；把……归入一类→______________ n．归类，分类，分级 7．identify vt．确定，发现；认出，识别→_______________ n．确定，发现 1．________ with that computer，this one is better．But in terms of price，there is no __________．(compare) 2．The village is _______ on the bank of the Yellow River and its ________ makes it very attractive．(locate) 3．The students living far away from the school were strongly _______ to the plan．Their __________ prevented the plan from being carried out．(oppose) 4．It is difficult to work out the bills __________，so there is need to check the ________ of these figures．(accurate) 5．His whole experience was very __________，which made his parents more _________．(depress) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏中短语的适当形式填空) 1．__________________ 与……相比 2．_____________ 致力于 3．___________ 度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期等) 4．_____ 多达 5．________ 克服；从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来；熬过 6．____________ 找出，提出，想出 7．___________ 一定会 8．___________ 削减，减少 9．_____________ 被看作 10．______________ 对……来说至关重要 11．________________ 被归类为…… 12．_____________ (表示对比)而，相对于 13．________________ 在……过程中 14．_________ 导致，引起 15．__________ 由……组成 16．_____________ 有……的能力 1．___________ metal，plastics have both advantages and disadvantages． 2．I hold the firm belief that you ____________ achieve your dream． 3．We made a donation of 120，000 yuan to you，expecting it can help you ____________________ the difficulties． 4．Lego is considering a brick (积木) rental plan in an attempt to ___________ plastic waste． 5．You must be able to stand for a period of time _____ eight hours of work． 6．Too much anxiety can _________ sleeplessness and loss of appetite． 7．At the meeting，he ____________ a new suggestion to solve the problem． 8．The end result is an increase in cost _____________ a reduction in cost． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．way后面跟定语从句 They can be caused by several different factors，such as a virus being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live... 我不认为你跟你妈妈说话的方式是合适的。 I don't think _________________ is appropriate．(应用文之建议信) 2．动词-ing形式短语作结果状语 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire． 战争中那位母亲去世了，留下了三个孤儿。 The mother died in the war，______________．(续写之情节描写) 1．capability n．[课本义](完成困难事情的)能力，才能 [增补义](国家的)军事力量 ①He's quite capable __ lying to get out of trouble． ②He was found lying in the road，drunk and _________ (capable)． 外国学生学习汉语的主要目的是能够用汉语进行交流。 The main purpose of foreign students learning Chinese is ________________．(capable) ◎have the capability to do sth．/of doing sth．有做某事的能力 ◎capable adj．有能力的；足以胜任的 ◎be capable of有能力…… ◎incapable adj．没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的 have the capability of becoming an excellent teacher有能力成为一名出色的教师 2．participant n．参加者，参与者 ①All the ____________ (participate) in the competition shall get various prizes，depending on their performances． ②A back injury prevented active _____________ (participate) in any sports for a while． 我们鼓励学生参与学院的管理。 _______________________________________ the running of the college． ◎participate vi．参加 ◎participate in参加 ◎participate in (doing)sth．with sb．同某人一起参加(做)某事 ◎participation n．参加，参与 ◎be an active participant成为积极的参与者 ◎participate in the discussion actively积极参与这次讨论 3．identical adj．完全相同的，非常相似的 ①The new bridge is almost identical __ the old one． ②The name on the ticket should be identical ____ the one in the passport． 书的封面上有一只小猎犬，看起来和我的狗一模一样。 There on the book's cover was a beagle ________________________________． ◎be identical to和……一致 ◎identical with sb．/sth．和……相同 ◎identically adv．同一地；相等地 ◎a row of identical houses一排完全相同的房子 ◎a dress almost identical to mine一条和我的几乎一模一样的连衣裙 4．comparison n．[课本义]比较 [增补义]对比，相比 ①When _________ (compare) different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities． ②A teacher is often compared __ a candle．That's because their devotion to work is ______________ compare． 与西方音乐相比，我更喜欢东方音乐，因为它要柔和得多。 ____________________，I prefer eastern music，because it is much softer．(compare) ◎by comparison 比较起来；相比之下 ◎in comparison (with sb．/sth．)(与……)相比较 ◎compare v．比较；对比 ◎(be) compared to/with...和……相比 ◎compare...to...把……比作…… ◎compare...with...把……和……比较 ◎without/beyond compare无与伦比(compare用作名词) ◎make a comparison with other books和其他书相比 ◎compare sleep to death将睡眠比作死亡 5．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 ①My mother is strongly opposed to my father treating me __ junk food． ②He documented his journey as he set about treating nature __ a brand to be marketed to young people． ③All of the patients were under _________ (treat) for chronic depression． 玛丽因被当作小孩对待而生气。 Mary was angry at _____________________________． ◎under treatment在治疗中 ◎treat vt．& vi．治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待 ◎treat...as/like...把……看作……；把……视为…… ◎treat sb．to...用……招待/款待某人 ◎receive treatment for shock 接受休克治疗 ◎treat people with respect 对人尊敬 ◎treat him to lunch 请他吃午饭 6．contain vt．[课本义] 包含，容纳，装盛 [增补义]克制；抑制(感情等)；防止……蔓延(或恶化) ①The class experiment that day was to show how heating a _________ (contain) of water would bring air bubbling to the surface． ②When taking up the prize，the young participant couldn't contain _______ (him) for joy，grinning from ear to ear． 他忍不住生气，转过身来，愤怒地咆哮道：“到底是谁干的？” ___________________________，he turned around and roared angrily，“Who on earth did it？” ◎contain one's anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制某人的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感 ◎contain oneself控制自己；自制 ◎container n．容器；集装箱；货柜 ◎can't contain oneself无法克制自己 ◎unable to contain her anger无法克制她的愤怒 ◎hardly contain my curiosity几乎无法克制我的好奇心 7．locate vi．& vt．找出……的准确位置 ①What is the exact ________ (locate) of the ship? ②_______ (locate) in the central district，the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price． 厦门大学坐落在美丽的海岛上，环境优美，景色迷人。 Xiamen University，_____________________________，has a wonderful environment and charming scenery． ◎located adj．位于 ◎be located in＝be situated in位于；坐落于 ◎location n．位置；地点 ◎be largely located in the desert大部分位于沙漠中 ◎find a convenient location for these bookshelves找一个合适的地方放这些书架 ◎be located in a beautiful and quiet spot near the river坐落在河边一个环境优美、僻静的地方 8．opposed adj．与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 ①However，many parents oppose __________ (separate) students into science and art． ②Some students are ________ (oppose) to the decision and think that it will limit their freedom． 由于我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住伤心地抽泣起来。 _________________________________________，I couldn't resist sobbing sadly． ◎be opposed to (doing) sth．反对(做)某事 ◎oppose vt．反对；抵制；阻挠 ◎oppose (doing) sth．反对(做)某事 ◎opposition n．反对；对立 ◎remain fundamentally opposed to the plan依然从根本上反对这项计划 ◎strongly oppose her going there alone极力反对她独自去那个地方 9．bury vt．[课本义] 埋葬，安葬；埋藏 [增补义]使陷入；覆盖；隐藏 ①The physicist was wholly ______ (bury) in calculating a problem so he forgot his lunch． ②_______ (bury) his face in his hands，the reporter tried to control his weeping． 她埋头读书，不知道外面在下雪。 __________________________________，she was not aware it was snowing outside． ◎bury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于…… ◎bury oneself in (doing)...埋头于/专心于…… ◎be buried in专心于 ◎bury the old world and build a new one忘却曾经，缔造未来 ◎bury his head in his newspaper 专心致志地看他的报纸 10．get through 度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期等)；接通电话；通过考试 ①How would they get ____ that problem，he wondered? ②Once you want to do something，you must get down to _____ (do) it well． 微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。 A smile can help us _________________________________and find friends in a world of strangers． ◎get...across使……被理解 ◎get along/on with进展；与……相处 ◎get down to (doing) sth．开始认真做某事 ◎get over克服；从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来；熬过 ◎get through the winter熬过这个冬天 ◎get through to her 接通她的电话 ◎get through an entrance examination通过入学考试 11．result in 导致，引起 ①The fire resulted __ eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory． ②His illness mainly resulted ____ eating bad food． ③He was injured as _ result of a traffic accident． 他的勤奋终使他成功。 ①Hard work ___________ his success． ②His success _____________ hard work． ◎result from 意为“由于……而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因；result in意为“引起；导致”，后接导致某事的结果。 ◎as a result意为“结果，因此”，后面跟句子；as a result of...意为“因为；由于；作为……的结果”，后面跟名词或代词。 ◎result in excellent grades取得优异成绩 ◎injuries resulting from a fall因摔倒而受的伤 12．[教材原句]They can be caused by several different factors，such as a virus being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live...它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变…… ①The way___________ came up at the meeting was unpractical． ②And you should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way __________ (improve)your study． 你能告诉我你是怎么解决这个问题的吗？ Can you tell me the way_____________________________________？ ◎way后跟定语从句时，关系代词用that/which，作宾语时可以省略；需要关系副词时用that/in which或省略。 ◎way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可以跟不定式或of doing sth．的形式。 The first thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important．我要说的第一件事就是，你开始谈话的方式非常重要。 13．[教材原句]Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire．现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，这成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。 ①George returned after the war，only __________ (tell) his wife had left him． ②They often cover only their eyes with their hands，_______ (leave) the rest of their bodies exposed． 我匆匆赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 I rushed to the station in a hurry，_______________________________________． 动词-ing形式短语作状语表示结果，一般表示意料之中的结果。不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用only，以加强“意想不到”的语气。 I explained a lot to her，only to get the misunderstanding deeper and deeper．我向她解释了许多，结果却使误会变得越来越深。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．As a matter of fact，Beijing Opera ________ (contain) the soul of Chinese national culture． 2．Animals in the zoo have lost the capability ________ (catch) food for themselves． 3．She hurried to the party，only _______ (find) that they had gone． 4．______(bury) in writing a science fiction，she didn't realize it began to rain outside． 5．Culture is important but by __________ (compare) of military history it's boring． 6．Many people opposed ________ (build) a new highway because of the great cost． 7．She saw on a table an album __________ (contain) pictures of Edward at ages． 8．Fontbonne University is a liberal arts college，_______(locate)in a residential suburb of St．Louis． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．It struck me that I could treat the girl __ an absorbing drama in return for her help． 2．I think both sexes are equally capable __ looking after children． 3．I tried to call you last Sunday but I couldn't get _______ anyhow． 4．My mother was buried __ reading a novel without noticing me come in． 5．Most crashes result ____ humans and not mechanical faults． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．In spite of the icy cold weather，my mother is the first ______ (get) up to prepare breakfast． 2．We can predict changes with a surprising degree of ________ (accurate)． 3．Mothers are often the ones who provide _________ (emotion) support for the family． 4．I know that this draft text will need ____________________ (edit)． 5．The prisoner has certainly _________(justify) his claims by his actions． 6．Much of the meaning must ___________ (infer) from the context． 7．The police think the videotape may hold some vital _____ (clue) to the identity of the killer． 8．She deals with all the ______________(correspond)promptly and efficiently． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．I suspect the so-called poet __ copying others' poems but I have no solid evidence． 2．He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse____power． 3．You can have the equipment____trial，and if you don't like it you can give it back． 4．Maybe a lot of people don't know the fact that whales are classified __ mammals． 5．She was suspected __ having links with a dissident group． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1，600 homes in South Burlington． _ A．对待 B．治疗 C．(利用化学物质或反应)处理 2．(2022·浙江卷)Unfortunately，between us stood the barrier of language．_ A．障碍物 　B．语言隔阂 　C．壁垒 3．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)As they grew more mobile，we let them move freely around the house during the day，but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room，otherwise they'd get up to mischief． _ A．包含 B．容纳 C．放置 4．(2020·天津卷)How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？ _ A．(为画像、摄影等)摆姿势　 B．引起 C．提问 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day． 本句是复合句，句子主干是It might be the time。or连接三个____，分别是“when you helped a friend with their homework”，“when you did the ironing without being asked”和“when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day”，其中“after the family had had a tiring day”是____从句。 [尝试翻译]________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f”and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods． 本句是复合句，句子主干是the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals were more common in the languages of societies。其中that 引导____，“that ate softer foods”是____。 [尝试翻译]________________________________________________________ 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth． 本句是复合句，句子主干是They discovered that。discovered 后接由that引导的____，making it hard to...upper teeth作____，which引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词labiodentals做补充说明。 [尝试翻译]________________________________________________________ There are several different factors that cause an epidemic，which has a 1．_____ (low) baseline than the flu．The bird flu，a modern 2．__________(adapt)of the 1918 Spanish Flu，first appeared in 1997，3．_____ has taken more than one hundred lives．In the 1330s，an epidemic broke out in Asia，4．_____(know) as “The Black Death”，because one visible symptom was black spots 5．__ the body．The Spanish Flu happened in 1918．As a result of World War Ⅰ，more people were travelling and moving，which made it spread worldwide，6．_______(kill)up to 50 million people in 18 months．The SARS epidemic began in 2002 in Guangdong Province and then spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore．About 8，000 people 7．_____________(infect)．The outbreak of EVD in West Africa resulted 8．__ 11，310 deaths．It was extremely 9．__________(infect) and the survival rate was low． Governments in the world want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics．Countries will need to work together 10．________ (fight) epidemics． Step 1．要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①克隆羊多莉是第一只成功克隆的动物。 A sheep called Dolly was the first ___________________ animal． ②科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛等。 More than 20 mammal species have been cloned by scientists，___________________． ③2018年，致力于灵长类克隆的中国科学家宣布他们克隆了两只猴子。 In 2018，Chinese scientists，who _______________ the cloning of primates，announced that they had cloned two monkeys． ④与其他的物种相比，他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为医学研究和人类健康发展作贡献。 __________________ other species，scientists have had to work hard to ______________ to make contributions to medical research and human health． ⑤科学家们说这个大的突破有助于使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 Scientists say that this major breakthrough could help produce more ________________ and lead to more ____________________． ⑥尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧并担心该技术可能会被某些组织滥用。 While some people believe cloning ______________ scientific advancement，others ______________________ and worry that the technology might _________ by some organisations． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情感描写 nerve；opposed 动作描写 provoke；contain；bury 环境描写 parallel；zone Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 我原以为我父亲从来不知道如何控制自己。一天，我沿着河边回家，这和我经常走的那条路平行。我父亲对我大喊大叫。我不知道我是怎么激怒他的。我把脸埋在手里，开始哭了起来。后来，我被告知，前几天有一个孩子在那条河里淹死了。我终于明白了他严厉的爱。 I thought my father never knew_______________________．One day，I went home along a river，_____________________________．My father shouted at me loudly．I didn't know _______________．___________________，I began to cry．Later，I was told that a child got drowned in the river several days ago．I finally understood his tough love． 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 9 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．justify　2．innovate　3．artificially　4．reproductive　5．barrier　6．crucial　7．bound　8．abuse　9．contain　10．variation　11．phenomenon　12．estimate　13．bury　14．calculate　15．symbolically 语境运用 1．phenomena　2．calculating　3．is estimated　4．buried　5．barriers　6．justified　7．containing　8．to pass 派生单词 1．comparison　2．accuracy；accurately　3．located；location　4．opposed；opposition　5．depressed；depressing；depression　6．classification　7．identification 语境运用 1．Compared；comparison　2．located；location　3．opposed；opposition　4．accurately；accuracy　5．depressing；depressed 高频短语 1．in comparison with　2．be devoted to　3．get through　4．up to　5．get over　6．come up with　7．be bound to　8．cut down on　9．be treated as　10．be crucial for　11．be classified as　12．as opposed to　13．in the course of　14．result in　15．consist of　16．be capable of 语境运用 1．In comparison with　2．are bound to　3．get through/get over　4．cut down on　5．up to　6．result in　7．came up with　8．as opposed to 写作佳句背诵 1．the way you speak to your mother　2．leaving three orphans 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①of　②incapable [完美写作]to be capable of communicating in Chinese 2．①participants　②participation [完美写作]We encourage students to participate in 3．①to　②with [完美写作]which looked identical to my dog 4．①comparing　②to；beyond/without [完美写作]Compared to/with western music 5．①to　②as　③treatment [完美写作]being treated like/as a child 6．①container　②himself [完美写作]Unable to contain his anger 7．①location　②Located [完美写作]located on a beautiful island 8．①separating　②opposed [完美写作]With all of my friends opposed to my plan 9．①buried　②Burying [完美写作]Buried in her books/Burying herself in her books 10．①over　②doing [完美写作]get through difficult situations 11．①in　②from　③a [完美写作]①resulted in　②resulted from 12．①that/which　②to improve [完美写作](in which/that)you solved the problem 13．①to be told　②leaving [完美写作]only to find the train had already gone 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．contains　2．to catch　3．to find　4．Buried　5．comparison　6．building　7．containing　8．located Ⅱ．1．to　2．of　3．through　4．in　5．from 层级二 Ⅰ．1．to get　2．accuracy　3．emotional　4．editing/to be edited　5．justified　6．be inferred　7．clues　8．correspondence Ⅱ．1．of　2．of　3．on　4．as　5．of 层级三 Ⅰ．1．C　2．B　3．C　4．A Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：定语从句；时间状语 尝试翻译：可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候，可能是你在没有人要求的情况下熨衣服的时候，也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。 2．化繁为简：宾语从句；定语从句 尝试翻译：30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍克特指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见。 3．化繁为简：宾语从句；结果状语 尝试翻译：他们发现，古代人类成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，而唇齿音是通过将下唇与上牙接触而形成的。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．lower　2．adaptation　3．which　4．known　5．on　6．killing　7．were infected　8．in　9．infectious　10．to fight 维度二 Step 1． ①successfully cloned　②including camels，cattle and so on　③were devoted to　④In comparison with；break the technical barrier　⑤accurate results；effective treatments　⑥is crucial for；raise ethical concerns；be abused Step 2． A sheep called Dolly was the first successfully cloned animal．After Dolly，more than 20 mammal species have been cloned by scientists，including camels，cattle and so on．In 2018，Chinese scientists，who were devoted to the cloning of primates，announced that they had cloned two monkeys．In comparison with other species，scientists have had to work hard to break the technical barrier to make contributions to medical research and human health．But scientists say that this major breakthrough could help produce more accurate results and lead to more effective treatments．While some people believe cloning is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise ethical concerns and worry that the technology might be abused by some organisations． 维度三 Step 2． how to contain himself；which was parallel to the road I used to walk；how I provoked his anger；Burying my face in my hands $$ 课时分层作业(二十七) 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·菏泽市二模) Cash Composition Contest In support of Financial Literacy Month (April)，Michigan State University Extension and 4-H，a youth organization，are coordinating (协调) the Cash Composition Contest．Youths residing in Michigan are encouraged to answer this year's essay question with an essay of 300 words or less．The 5 top-scoring essays will each win a $100 gift card thanks to the generous sponsorship by Extra Credit Union． Timeline April 30，2024: Essay submission due by 11：59 pm May 31，2024: Winners notified Cash Composition Topic What is the difference between a need and a want? Discuss how you determine if something is a need or a want．How can you make sure you have enough money to get your needs and still enjoy some of your wants? Share how needs and wants might change throughout one's life． Grading Standards ●Quality of Writing ●Organization and Information ●Grammar Guidelines Participants must： ●Between 9—12 years of age as of January 1，2024 living in the state of Michigan． ●Have a knowledge of money management such as saving，spending，borrowing，and planning appropriate for age and grade level． Requirements ●Youths must have parental or guardian permission to apply and participate． ●The application form must be completed by a parent/guardian． ●Youths must write an essay (300 words or less)on the assigned topic above． ●Essays must be submitted on the contest registration page． ●The essay must be the work of the student submitting it．It is highly recommended that youths write their essay prior to completing the registration/submission form． 1．Who will sponsor the contest prizes? A．Michigan State University． B．Extra Credit Union． C．A local youth organization． D．The state of Michigan． 2．What will be focused on in the entry? A．The changes throughout one's life． B．The ways to improve quality of writing． C．The need for charity management． D．The discussions on needs and wants． 3．Which will result in disqualification for an applicant? A．Submitting the essay on April 29． B．Writing an essay of 300 words． C．Filling the application form in person． D．Finishing the essay before registration． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·济南市统一考试)Voices offer lots of information．It turns out that they can even help diagnose illness．The National Institutes of Health is funding a massive research project to collect voice data and develop the AI that could diagnose people based on their speech． Everything from your vocal cords vibrations (声带振动) to breathing patterns when you speak offers potential information about your health，says Dr．Yael Bensoussan，a leader of the study．“We asked experts: If you close your eyes when a patient comes in，just by listening to their voice，can you have an idea of the diagnosis they have？”Bensoussan says．“And that's where we got all our information．”Someone who speaks low and slowly might have Parkinson's disease．Speaking unclearly is a sign of a stroke．Scientists could even diagnose depression or cancer． The team will start by collecting the voices of people．“We were really lacking large what we call open source databases，”Bensoussan says．“Every institution has its own database．But it was really important to create these networks to allow researchers from other generations to use this data．”The ultimate goal is an app that could help bridge access to rural or underserved communities，by helping general practitioners refer patients to specialists．To get there，researchers have to start by collecting data，since the AI can only get as good as the database it's learning from．By the end of the four years，they hope to collect about 30，000 voices，with data on other biomarkers—like clinical data and genetic information—to match． There are a few roadblocks．HIPAA—the law that regulates medical privacy—isn't really clear on whether researchers can share voices．“Let's say you donate your voice to our project，”says Yael Bensoussan．“Who does the voice belong to? What are we allowed to do with it? What are researchers allowed to do with it? Can it be commercialized？” 4．What does Yael Bensoussan mean in paragraph 2? A．Voices may help with illness diagnosis． B．Scientists can rely on AI to detect illness． C．Disease symptoms can be noted by machines． D．It's necessary for doctors to listen to patients talking． 5．How will the research be carried out? A．By building a base． B．By collecting data． C．By connecting communities． D．By matching clinical information． 6．Why is HIPAA mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove the researchers' idea． B．To explain the procedures of the study． C．To imply the problems with the research． D．To ensure the commercial value of the study． 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．An Application of the Voice Study B．A Data-collecting Approach to Research C．A Breakthrough in Medical Findings D．Sound-aided AI Helps with Diagnosis C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·安徽省十校联盟开学考)In many casual discussions of language and the Internet，it's common to hear about how “social media language”is ruining language．Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write．And major media such as the BBC and The Daily Mail have all bemoaned the way in which people communicate through technology． Of course，language does change when it's used to write messages online．Social media language is an evolution (进化) of language．It's even the focus of the field of linguistics (语言学) called Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)．This field concentrates on the study of interaction brought about by technology like computers，mobile phones and tablets． People have been making complaints about language being “ruined”for as long as they've been writing and speaking．In a TED Talk，linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people being annoyed about language change through the ages．In AD 63，for example，a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an “artificial language”．In fact，this writing was a new language that would become French! Today，people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies．Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon(表情符号)． The emoticon “∶)”is a visual performance of a smiley face turned sideways．Although an emoticon may look like a smile，a flown or any other kind of facial expressions，it doesn't really represent a face．Instead，it's intended to express a feeling，such as “I'm happy”or “just joking”． Words that represent these feelings are what linguists call discourse particles (小品词)．These are little pieces of language that offer information about the tone of the statement． Far from ruining language，these examples indicate how people can now communicate complex feelings in a simple，direct manner．This kind of change is perfect for our modern，fast-paced world． 8．What does the underlined word “bemoaned”in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Complained about．　 B．Approved of． C．Checked up． D．Put forward． 9．Why is the TED Talk mentioned in paragraph 3? A．As evidence of complaints about shared stories． B．As an example to support the author's argument． C．As a proof of language ruined by social media language． D．As a way to explain language change through the ages． 10．What's the function of emoticons according to the text? A．To represent a smiling face． B．To express intentions． C．To communicate feelings． D．To set the tone． 11．What's the author's attitude toward social media language? A．Unclear． B．Skeptical． C．Opposed． D．Approving． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·武汉市调研考试)When I was 14，I invited some friends for a party at our home out in the country．I planned it well，but something 1 happened．When it was time for us to ride the bus，Nora，one of my friends，didn't 2 ． I felt 3 ．Why would she tell me she'd come to the party and then 4 without letting me know？So，I decided to call Nora and get some 5 ．I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why． Nora 6 she had to stay away from school because she was sick．Anger still seized me and I 7 to listen，“What kind of friend are you？”Nora began crying on the phone，hurt and surprised．For the rest of the school year，we 8 hung around again，and I forgot about my 9 call with Nora． 10 had happened between us at some point，but I shrugged(耸肩)it off． Years later，I began to reflect on that ugly phone conversation．I 11 it．I recognized how selfish，and 12 I'd been，caring only about myself．I wanted to make things 13 ．I composed an apology letter to Nora and soon got her 14 ．So finally，we did bring a sad moment from the past to a 15 conclusion，healing both of us． 1．A．unexpected　 B．unproven C．unfair D．unsure 2．A．take over B．show off C．turn up D．set out 3．A．guilty B．mad C．embarrassed D．skeptical 4．A．reach out B．step forward C．look away D．back out 5．A．answers B．comfort C．excuses D．company 6．A．explained B．announced C．predicted D．complained 7．A．attempted B．intended C．refused D．pretended 8．A．merely B．barely C．regularly D．frequently 9．A．urgent B．formal C．random D．hurtful 10．A．Quarrels B．Friendship C．Tolerance D．Disagreement 11．A．regretted B．ignored C．remembered D．honored 12．A．self-disciplined B．self-centered C．self-respected D．self-contained 13．A．accessible B．easy C．right D．valuable 14．A．decision B．sympathy C．information D．forgiveness 15．A．serious B．strange C．healthy D．natural Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·宁德市质检)假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华。学校为增强学生劳动意识将举办烹饪比赛，请你用英文写一则通知，内容包括： 1．时间及地点； 2．比赛方式； 3．注意事项。 注意：1．写作词数应为 80 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 NOTICE 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十七) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一场写作比赛的相关事宜。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据首段中的“The 5 top­scoring essays will each win a $100 gift card thanks to the generous sponsorship by Extra Credit Union．”可知，本次比赛的奖品将由Extra Credit Union赞助。故选B。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据Cash Composition Topic部分中的“Share how needs and wants might change throughout one's life．”可知，关于需求和欲望的讨论将是参赛作品的重点。故选D。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The application form must be completed by a parent/guardian．”可知，申请人如亲自填写申请表格，将被取消资格。故选C。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。声音可用于诊断疾病。美国国立卫生研究院正在资助一个大型研究项目以收集声音数据和发展人工智能诊断系统，但这也面临着一些问题。 4．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段的内容尤其是Yael Bensoussan所说的话“...by listening to their voice，can you have an idea of the diagnosis they have？”和“And that's where we got all our information．”可知，Bensoussan的话意味着声音可用于诊断疾病，故A项正确。] 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“researchers have to start by collecting data，since the AI can only get as good as the database it's learning from”可知，研究人员不得不通过收集数据开展研究，故B项“通过收集数据”正确。] 6．C　[细节理解题。根据对HIPAA的描述“HIPAA...isn't really clear on whether researchers can share voices．”可知，作者提到HIPAA是为了说明前一句“There are a few roadblocks．”，即研究开展过程中的障碍，故C项正确。roadblock“障碍”。] 7．D　[标题归纳题。本文介绍了一项医学领域的突破。通读全文并根据第一段中的“The National Institutes of Health is funding a massive research project to collect voice data and develop the AI that could diagnose people based on their speech．”可知，本文主要介绍了声音辅助的人工智能诊断系统，故D项适合作本文的标题。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体语言是不是语言杀手的问题。在作者看来，语言一直在演变之中，社交媒体语言不是语言杀手，它是新时代的产物。 8．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文“Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write．”可知，一部分人认为科技对我们的交流方式有不利的影响；再根据“And”可知，主流媒体对这种方式进行抱怨，故选A项。] 9．B　[推理判断题。作者在最后一段表明自己的观点，而第三段提到的TED演讲及演讲的内容是对主题的说明，它是用来支持作者观点的，故选B项。] 10．C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Although an emoticon may look like a smile，a frown or any other kind of facial expressions，it doesn't really represent a face．Instead，it's intended to express a feeling”可知，这些表情符号是用来表达情感的，故选C项。] 11．D　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者认为现在的人们用一种简单、直白的方式来传达复杂的情感，这种变化对这个现代化的、快节奏的世界来说是极好的。由此可推出作者对社交媒体语言持支持的态度，故选D项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文 。作者14岁那年邀请朋友们去家里开派对。原本答应来的Nora却爽约了。这让作者非常生气，于是作者打电话质问Nora，但又不听Nora的任何解释。二人也因此疏远了。多年之后，作者对自己当年的行为感到后悔，于是写信向Nora道歉，并得到了Nora的原谅。二人也因此重修旧好。 1．A　[此处考查逻辑关系。but前后形成了转折，根据空前的“I planned it well”可知，后面应该是发生了一些意想不到的事情。] 2．C　[根据下文中的“Why would she tell me she'd come to the party ...I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why．”可以推测，原本答应来派对的Nora没有出现。] 3．B　[根据常识和下文中的“Anger still seized me”可知，作者为此感到很生气。] 4．D　[根据语境可知，Nora本来答应了来参加派对，但是却食言了。back out“食言，反悔”。] 5．A　[根据上文中的问句“Why would she tell me she'd come to the party and then without letting me know？”和语境可知，作者很生气并决定给Nora打电话，想得到答案。] 6．A　[根据语境和空后的宾语从句“she had to stay away from school because she was sick”可知，宾语从句的内容是Nora的解释。] 7．C　[根据空前的“Anger still seized me”和空后的“What kind of friend are you？”可推断，作者拒绝聆听Nora的解释，故选C项。] 8．B　[根据语境可知，这次事件让二人之间的关系破裂了，在余下的学年里，二人几乎没有一起玩过。] 9．D　[根据上文中的“Nora began crying on the phone，hurt and surprised．”可知，这通电话让Nora很受伤。] 10．B　[根据上文中的“Nora，one of my friends”可知，作者和Nora是朋友关系；再根据语境可知，空处表示友谊。] 11．A　[根据下文中的“I recognized how selfish，and I'd been ...I composed an apology letter to Nora”可知，作者对当时的行为感到后悔。] 12．B　[根据上文中的叙述和下文中的“caring only about myself”可知，作者曾经是一个以自我为中心的人。] 13．C　[根据语境可知，作者对当年的事很后悔，结合下文中的“I composed an apology letter to Nora”可知，作者给Nora写了一封道歉信，可推断出作者想要弥补自己的错误，让事情正确地发展，故选C项。] 14．D　[结合语境和下文中的“we did bring a sad moment from the past to a conclusion，healing both of us”可知，作者得到了Nora的原谅，二人也终于忘却过去的悲伤时刻，迎来了一个有益身心的结局。] 15．C　[参见上题解析。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 NOTICE To raise the students' labor awareness，a cooking contest will be held in our school． As scheduled，the contest will take place next Friday afternoon in the school canteen．Every contestant will have 2 hours to prepare and present their dishes．The judges will select the top 10 dishes based on taste，appearance and creativity．To sign up，please send an email to cookingcontest@163．com with your name and contact information before this weekend． All the students are welcomed to participate! 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$