专题十四 非谓语动词特殊用法 导学案 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

( 非谓语动词特殊用法 专题十四 ) ( 专题解读 ) 考点分布 备考指南 非谓语动词的判定 非谓语动词内容比较多，除了掌握基本形式及思路之外，还要理解并掌握非谓语动词的特殊用法，特别是常考的一些固定搭配。 被动形式表示主动意义、only to do用法、doing用法 非谓语动词固定搭配 词性转化与固定搭配 句子结构分析与文章理解 理解并分析文章中出现的语法结构。 ( 知识图谱 ) ( 1 ) 非谓语动词特殊用法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 语法详解之非谓语动词特殊用法 ) 一、非谓语动词形式及思路复习 基本形式 ：to do 表示将来、目的、主动 变化形式： to be done 将来、被动 doing表示进行、主动 being done 进行、被动 done表示完成、被动 having done 完成、主动 having been done 完成、被动 非谓语动词的做题思路： 1. 判定非谓语动词。（根据非谓语动词的概念） 2. 找逻辑主语（非谓语动词动作的发出者） 3. ( ① 主动被动关系（逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的关系） ② 时间先后关系（非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的关系。非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之后，用to do；同时发生用doing；在谓语动词之前发生且表被动用done。如果两个动词之间没有明确的先后顺序，若主动用doing，被动用done，表示伴随的状态。） )分析关系 4. 根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义，判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。 ( 复习巩固 ) 1.___________ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 2.___________ (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 3.Toady there are more airplanes ________________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 4._______________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 5.He got up late and hurried to his office, _________________ (leave) the breakfast ______________ (untouch). 二、非谓语动词特殊用法 比较：Seated on the ground, the boy is reading a book. Sitting on the ground, the boy is reading a book. 分析并比较上面两个句子中非谓语动词的用法，同学们有什么发现呢？跟小伙伴们讨论一下吧。 特殊用法一：被动形式表示主动意义 常用被动形式表示主动意义的词： seat\lose\dress\devote\absorb 当这些词在一个句子中充当非谓语的时候，如果逻辑主语是人，通常用被动形式。因为这些词在充当谓语动词的时候通常后面接oneself做宾语。 即：seat\lose\dress\devote\absorb +oneself 所以当把充当宾语的人放到主语的位置的时候就变成 sb. be seated\lost\dressed\devoted\absorbed. 例如：Tom seats himself. 也可以写成：Tom is seated. 两个句子所表达的意思都是Tom坐下了。意思上都是主动的，但第二个句子用了被动形式。所以所谓的被动是由这个单词本身的用法决定的。 比较：Seated on the ground, the boy is reading a book. Sitting on the ground, the boy is reading a book. 表达同样的意思，但是因为seat在形式上和主语the boy构成被动的关系，所以用seated形式。而sit在形式上和the boy构成主动的关系，所以用sitting的形式。 ( 非谓语动词被动形式表示主动意义， 也可以简单理解为出现这些词的时候通常用被动形式表示一种状态，作为一种固定用法记住。 　　 关系代词可省去。　 　 ) ( 巧学妙记 ) ( 典型例题 ) 1. _________(dress) in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which sounded like a kid’s song. 2. _________ (lose) in the story book , the boy didn’t notice his mother go into his room. ( 知识点扩展 1. 对比 lie in The city lies in the east of China. be located in The city is located in the east of China. 两个短语都表示坐落于的意思，意思上都表示主动。但从短语的用法上能看出，在形式上lie in与主语构成主动的关系， be located in 与主语构成被动的关系，所以当两个短语出现在非谓语动词的位置时要注意动词的形式。 对比： I like the city lying i n the east of China. I like the city located i n the east of China. 2. 对比：face sth. He faced the difficulty bravely and never gave up. be faced with sth. He was faced with the difficulty bravely and never gave up. 两个短语都表示面对的意思，意思上都表示主动。但从短语的用法上能看出，在形式上face与主语构成主动的关系， be faced with与主语构成被动的关系，所以当两个短语出现在非谓语动词的位置时要注意动词的形式。 对比： Facing the difficulty, he will never give up. Faced with the difficulty, he will never give up. ) ( 小结 在非谓语动词中出现 face短语的时候需注意face后面有没有with，若有with用被动，没有with用主动。 ) 特殊用法二：only to do 表示出人意料的结果 在非谓语动词的基本形式的学习中我们知道，to do 通常表示目的，但 only to do 可表示一种出人意料的结果。 例如：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙地去了火车站，结果发现火车已经离开了。表示一种出人意料的结果，所以用to find的形式。 但如果表示意料之中的结果，通常用only doing的形式。 例如：He went to the station, only finding there were many people waiting for the train. 他去了火车站，结果发现，有很多人在等火车。表示意料之中的一种结果，所以用finding的形式。 ( 并不是只要表示出人意料的结果就直接用 to do形式，还要看是主动被动。例如：He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had left.在这个句子中，he 和tell之间是被动的关系，所以要用to do的被动形式。 ) ( 典型例题 ) 1.The thief stole into the house, only_____________(catch) by the people there. 2.The girl studied hard every day, only ___________(fail) the text again. 特殊用法三：doing特殊用法 一、doing表示前面一件事情或者一个动作所产生的自然而然的结果。 例如：More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多公路，这使人们的出行变得更加容易了。（表示前面建成公路这件事情的影响和结果。） The old man died,leaving nothing but a lot of debt. ( 这种用法和定语从句中的非限制性定语从句有相似之处。所以这句话也可以改成非限制性定语从句的形式： More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.这两种用法都可以作为高级句式应用在书面表达中，能提高写作层次。 ) 这个老人去世了，留下了一堆债务。（表示老人去世的影响和结果。） 二、doing做主语 在一个句子中，动词是不能作主语的，有时候为了意思表达的需要，动词要出现在主语的位置，这时候通常要把动词变成doing形式。 例如： Playing with his classmates makes him happy every day. (Playing with his classmates作主语，用动词的doing形式。) Seeing is believing.(seeing作主语。用动词的doing形式。) ( 典型例题 ) 1. ____________ (communicate) on WeChat is a common phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters. 2. European football is played in 80 countries, ____________（make）it the most popular sport in the world. 特殊用法四：使役动词、感官动词用法 下列动词在主动语态中要用不带to的不定式(即动词原形)作宾语补足语： 1. 感官动词 see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, listen to等; 2. 使役动词 have , make , let 例如： I hate to see you leave so soon. 我不愿意看到你这么早就离开。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 听见有人上楼了。 My parents made me learn English every day.我的父母每天让我学英语。 ( 1.在被动语态中不定时符号to需要还原。例如：I was made to learn English every day. 2.感官动词后面可以用原形也可以用doing形式。前者表示过程后者表示动作的进行。 对比：I heard him singing in the next room.(表示听的唱歌的动作) I heard him sing in the next room.(表示听的唱歌的过程) ) 特殊用法五：由动词转化过来的表示人感情的形容词 在非谓语动词中，有些动词的变化形式不再表示动作，已经变成了形容词的意义： 例如： The story is interesting. The little girl is interested in the story. The news is disappointing. He was disappointed to hear the result. When the boys were watching the exciting film, they were very excited The students are all moved by the moving story. When she saw the surprising result, she gave us a surprised look. 区别: 表示人感情的形容词doing表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为“令人…… ”done具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到.…….” 这个不同通常可以总结为一句话：在一个句子中主语是人或者修饰人，用done的形式；主语是物或者修饰物用doing形式。 ( 常用的表示人感情的形容词总结（以done形式为例） moved感动的 excited兴奋的 interested 感兴趣的 bored 无聊的，厌烦的 delighted高兴的 amazed 吃惊的 surprised 吃惊的 frightened害怕的 relaxed 放松的 tired 劳累的 disappointed 失望的 annoyed 恼火的 depressed 压抑的，抑郁的 satisfied 满意的 puzzled 迷惑的 embarrassed 尴尬的 touched 受感动的 terrified 感到恐惧的，惊吓的 scared害怕的 confused迷惑的 pleased高兴的 ) 特殊用法六：非谓语动词固定搭配 一、只能跟doing作宾语的动词及短语 admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape ,fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, keep on, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help, cannot stand, feel like. 例如： Have you considered looking for one special friend? He disliked fighting in any form. I do not feel like going to work today. ( to作介词+doing形式的固定短语 be used to 习惯于 be accustomed to 惯于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be opposed to 反对 lead to 导致 pay attention to 关注 object to 反对 stick to 坚持 be close to 接近 look forward to 期望、盼望 ) 学大教育个性化辅导中心 XueDa Personalized Education Development Center ( 8 ) ( 8 )您孩子身边的中小学文化课外辅导专家！ ( 非谓语动词特殊用法 ) ( 2 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2、 只能跟to do 形式做宾语的动词 afford , aim, agree, appear, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, demand, desire, determine, elect, expect, happen , hope, fail, hate, help, intend , learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish. 例如： She refused to come here. My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 有些动词可以接doing形式作宾语，也可以接to do形式作宾语，但意思有所不同。和小伙伴们讨论一下下面四组固定搭配的不同意思吧！同学们还能想到哪些类似用法的词？一起写下来吧！ remember to do forget to do remember doing forget doing regret to do mean to do regret doing meaning doing ( 典型例题 ) 1.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without _____________(recognize). 2.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only ________(find) it didn’t fit. 3.“Do you have any trouble with your car this morning?”  “Yes, but I finally managed _______ ( fix) it. 4. He got up early to avoid ________ (be) late for school. 5. He couldn’t imagine __________( write) a novel in two days. 6.It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. 7.I really appreciate _____________ (have) time to holiday with you on this nice island. 8.It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ___________________ (go) for a swim? 9.It is well-known that _________________ (collect) information is very important to businessmen. 10.We are invited to a party __________________ (hold) in our club next Friday. ( 举一反三 ) 1.___________________ (do) what you like is freedom while liking what you do is happiness. 2.________________ (open) in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the fun park. 3.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______________ (read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” 4._______________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 5.They cheered for ___________________ (regain) the tenth at last all together. 6. —How did you know the surprising news? —I happened ______________________ (cover) the event then. 7.The poor girl appeared so frightened. She must have seen something _____________ (frighten) there. 8._______________ (communicate) on WeChat is a common phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters. ( 培优选学 ) 独立主格结构 定义：独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语，表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 英语中独立主格结构的形式有两类： 一类是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。 另一类是：介词with / without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。 ( A . 介词with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词 1. with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词 He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。 2. with / without + 名词或代词 + 副词 He left the office with the lights on. 他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。 3. with / without + 名词或代词 + 介词短语 The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。 4. with / without + 名词或代词 + -ing分词 Don ’ t brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙时让水流着。 5. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急。 6. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词的过去分词 With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵，他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。 ) ( B . 名词或代词 +　形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词 1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。如： Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。 So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。 We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。如： She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。 We explored the caves, Peter acting as a guide. 由彼得作向导，我们探查了那些洞穴。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况。如： Their room was on the third floor, it ’ s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 3. 名词或代词+过去分词 其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义。如： Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 This done, they next set to clean the room. 做完这件事之后，他们接下来就开始清理房间。 She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。 ) ( 2 ) 非谓语动词特殊用法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$