专题十三 非谓语动词基本用法 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

( 非谓语动词基本用法 专题十三 ) ( 专题解读 ) 考点分布 备考指南 非谓语动词的判定 非谓语动词内容比较多，需要理出一个清晰的思路，明确非谓语动词考查的重点和难点。只有真正理解非谓语动词，才能在做题的时候准确判定考点，提高做题准确率。 非谓语动词基本形式及意义 非谓语动词变化形式及意义 词性转化与固定搭配 句子结构分析与文章理解 理解并分析文章中出现的语法结构。 ( 知识图谱 ) ( 知识清单 ) ( 1 ) 非谓语动词基本用法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、非谓语动词的概念 ( 典型例题 ) 1.He asked me a question. 2.He asked me a question which was very easy. 3.He asked me to leave as soon as possible. 根据之前所学过的谓语动词的概念，分析上面三个句子，和小伙伴们讨论一下，在这些句子中哪些是谓语动词。在每个句子中，除了谓语动词之外还有没有其他的动词形式。如何判定所给的句子是“一个句子”？ 非谓语动词的概念：在一个句子中，除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式就叫非谓语动词。 在句子He asked me to leave as soon as possible.中，谓语动词是asked 非谓语动词是to leave. ( 举一反三 ) 在理解非谓语动词的概念之后，分析下面的句子，并判定一下谓语动词和非谓语分别是什么。 1.I saw the boy playing near the river. 2. He stopped the car to have a rest. 3.The library founded last year looks beautiful. 二、非谓语动词的形式及意义。 1.非谓语动词形式。 上面三个句子的非谓语动词分别体现了非谓语动词的三种基本形式，即：to do; doing; done. 这三种形式分别表示有各自的意义。 to do 表示将来、目的、主动 doing表示进行、主动 done表示完成、被动 通过上面三种非谓语动词的意义可知，非谓语动词的形式要从两个方面考虑。一个是时间的先后关系，另一个是主动被动的关系。 根据非谓语动词三种形式的意义，分析举一反三中的三个句子，看一下非谓语动词的意义在三个句子中是怎么体现出来的。 三、非谓语动词的分析及思路。 在分析这三个句子之前，先明确一个概念，逻辑主语。逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者或者承受着。 在第一个句子I saw the boy playing near the river.中，非谓语动词为playing.逻辑主语即非谓语动词动作的发出者是the boy. the boy和play之间是主动的关系。而且非谓语动词动作play和谓语动词动作saw同时发生。表示看的时候play这个动作正在进行。综上所述，非谓语动词表示主动且进行，所以根据非谓语动词的基本形式，应该用playing的形式。 在第二个句子He stopped the car to have a rest.中，非谓语动词to have 逻辑主语为he，两者是主动的关系。且非谓语动词to have 发生在主句谓语动词stop之后，表示将来。综上所述，在第二个句子中，非谓语动词表示主动、将来，所以用不定式形式to have. 在第三个句子The library founded last year looks beautiful.中，非谓语动词作后置定语，这时候非谓语动词的逻辑主语为它所修饰限定的名词。所以found的逻辑主语为library，两者为被动的关系。又因为found发生在looks beautiful之前。所以非谓语动词表示被动、完成，用founded的形式。 通过这三个句子的分析，咱们一起总结一下非谓语动词的做题思路。 第一步：判定非谓语动词 第二步：找逻辑主语 第三步：分析主动被动和时间先后关系。 ( 典型例题 ) 1.Tom studied hard every day _____________(pass) the final exam. 2.When I came in, he was sitting on the ground,_____________(read) a book. 3.He likes the book______________(write) by the famous writer. 4.______________(hear) the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. 5.We cleaned the classroom_______________(welcome) an important guest. 四、非谓语动词的变化形式 非谓语动词的基本形式有时候不能表达我们想要表达的所有意思，所以为了表达意思的需要，我们需要将它的基本形式发生一定的变化。一起看一下非谓语动词变化形式及意义： to be done 将来、被动 being done 进行、被动 having done 完成、主动 having been done 完成、被动 ( 发现与总结 现在 同学们 已经明确了常见的非谓语动词基本形式及变化形式的意思。细心的同学可能会发现，在表示被动、完成的时候done和having been done 都是可以的，那在做题的时候应该怎么区分呢？同学们只需记住一点，having been done 形式不作定语，其他用法一样。 eg.The library founded last year is very beautiful. （此处的非谓语动词形式表示被动完成，但是不用having been done的形式，因为非谓语动词是充当library的定语。） ) ( 典型例题 ) 1. The building ________________（found）now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ________________（found）next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ________________（found）last year is a restaurant. ( 非谓语动词的否定形式 非谓语动词的否定形式一律在非谓语动词的前面加not，即：not + 非谓语动词 not to do; not doing; not done 例如：He regretted not telling her the truth. He warned the boy not to swim in the river. ) 根据上面非谓语动词知识的学习和练习，同学们能否总结出非谓语动词的做题思路呢？ 五、非谓语动词思路总结 1.判定非谓语动词。（根据非谓语动词的概念） 2.找逻辑主语（非谓语动词动作的发出者） ( ① 主动被动关系（逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的关系） ② 时间先后关系（非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的关系。非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之后，用to do；同时发生用doing；在谓语动词之前发生且表被动用done。如果两个动词之间没有明确的先后顺序，若主动用doing，被动用done，表示伴随的状态。） )3.分析关系 4.根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义，判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。 ( 举一反三 ) 1._____________________ (walk) on the street, I saw Tom. 2. _____________________ (look) at their faces, I knew that they were happy. 3.He stopped the car _____________________ (have) a rest. 4.He lent me some money, _____________________(hope) that I could help him. 5. ______________________ (not know) what to do, he asked his teacher for advice. 6. ______________________ (give) a chance, he has a chance to be famous. 7._______________________ (wait) for an hour, he found that he lost his ticket. 8._______________________ (tell) many times, he didn’t make the same mistakes. 9._______________________ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 10.______________________ (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 11.Greatly _________________________ (move) by the film, they all cried. 12. _________________________ (hear) the news, he jumped with joy. 13. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ________________________ (run) away. 14.Please answer the question _______________________ (use) another way. 15.They came into the classroom, ______________________ (talk) and ______________________ (laugh). 16.The trainer appeared, ________________________ (follow) by six dogs. 17._________________________ (finish) his homework, he went back home. 18.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_______________________ (say) nothing about the argument. 19.The sun began to rise in the sky, _________________ (bath) the mountain in golden light. 20. _____________________ (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. $$