【同步100分背默】Unit7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer知识清单-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教牛津版）

【同步100分背默】Unit7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. adventure /əd'ventʃə/ 冒险；冒险经历 go on an adventure去冒险 novel /'nɒv(ə)l/ (长篇)小说 frog /frɒg/ 蛙；青蛙 congratulations /kən'grætʃə'leʃənz/ 祝贺；恭贺 congratulate v.祝贺；恭贺 *sympathy /'sɪmpəθɪ/ 同情 steamboat /'stiːmbəʊt/ 汽船；轮船 /近/ steam ship steam /stiːm/ 蒸汽动力；蒸汽 writer /'raɪtə/ 作家 write v.写 fence /fens/ 栅栏；篱笆 task /tɑːsk/ 任务；工作 complete a task 完成任务 yard /jɑːd/ 码(长度单位) board /bɔːd/ 木板 progress /'prəʊgres/ 进展 make progress取得进步 rest /rest/ 休息时间 have/take a rest休息一会儿 pity /'pɪtɪ/ 遗憾；可惜 what a pity真可惜/pl./ pities silence /'saɪləns/ 沉默；缄默 silent adj.沉默的；in silence沉默地 break the silence打破沉默 while /waɪl/ 一段时间；一会儿 after a while过了一会儿 deal /diːl/ 交易 a great/good deal of大量的 coat /kəʊt/ 涂料层；覆盖层 lead /liːd/ 铅 *plot /plɒt/ 故事情节 v. survey /sə'veɪ/ 查看；审视 survey a schoo1视察学校 pretend /prɪ'tend/ 假装；佯装 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 adj. humorous /'hjuːm(ə)rəs/ 滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的 humour n.幽默 careful /'keəfʊl/ 小心；谨慎 /反/ careless adj.粗心的；carefully adv.仔细地；小心地 celebrated /'selɪbreɪtɪd/ 著名的；闻名的 celebrate v.庆祝 /近/ famous 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 a report on… 有关…的报告 2 at that time 在那时 3 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 4 a novel called… （被）命名为…的小说 5 a task of doing sth. 一项做某事的任务 6 30 yards long 30码长 7 have a rest 休息一下 8 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 9 think of 想象到，想出 10 make fun of sb. 取笑某人 11 pick up 捡起 12 went back to work 继续工作 13 what a pity 真可惜 14 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 15 a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 16 go on doing sth. 不停地做，继续做某事 17 in silence 沉默地 18 after a while 过了一会 19 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 20 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 21 offer sb, sth. 给某人提供某事 22 three coats of paint 三层油漆 23 so…that… 如此…以致… 24 turn sth. Over 使翻转 25 trick sb. Into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 三．易错点记忆 1. adventure:n.冒险；冒险经历 【同根词】adventurous:adj.有冒险精神的：大胆开拓的 adventurer: n.冒险者冒险家 1.When you were a child, life was like one big adventure.在孩提时代，生活如同一场大冒险。 2.For the more adventurous tourists. there are trips into the mountains with a local guide.对更愿猎奇探险的旅游者，由本地向导带领进山旅游。 3.Adventurers all like going to unusual places.冒险家都喜欢去不寻常的地方。 2. congratulations: n. [pt]贺；贺 【固定搭配】congratulations to sb.on sth.就某事向某人祝贺Congratulations on your success!! 【同根词】congratulate:祝贺（某人） 【固定搭配】congratulate oneself on.为自己高兴 练一练 1.I offer you my hearty congratulations. 我向您表示衷心的祝贺。 2.I congratulated them all on their achievements.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。 3.You should congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到高兴。 3.congratulations的用法 教材原文　Learn to express congratulations and sympathy.学会表达祝贺与同情。 congratulations为名词复数形式,意为“祝贺,恭喜”,且表达此意时常用复数形式。如: Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达给他我的祝贺。 拓展 congratulate为及物动词,意为“向(某人)道贺,祝贺”,常用结构congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.意为“就(做)某事向某人表示祝贺 ”。 —I won a prize at the school sports day, Mum. —That’s great! 　　     ! A.Good luck　　　B.No way C.What a pity　　　D.Congratulations 解:上文讲述“在校体育日获奖了”,故答语应对此表达祝贺,故选D。 4. progress:n进展；进步 【固定搭配】 make (good/great) progress in (doing) sth.在……方面取得（大）进步 【同根词】progressive:ad.进步的；先进的 1.He painted one board and surveyed his progress. 他粉刷了一块木板并查看了进度。 2.You have made great progress in speaking English. 你在讲英语方面取得了巨大进步 5.careful:adj.小心的；谨慎的 【同根词】care:n.保养：照顾：看护 take care of..照料……：注意…… care: care for(1)照料：看护（2)深爱： carefully: ad:认真地；小心地 【反义词】careless:adj.粗心的；轻率的；大意的；carelessness:n.粗心率：不关心 【拓展】Be careful!=Watch out! =Look out!小心！当心！ 1.I'll be really careful.我一定会小心的。 2.They took good care of the old people there.他们那的老人照顾得很好。 3.His careless remarks hurt her feelings.他率的言论伤了她的心。 6.humorous的用法 教材原文　Miss Liu wanted to encourage her students to read famous books, so she showed them this humorous story from a novel called The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain.刘老师想鼓励她的学生阅读名著,所以她给他们看了这个选自马克·吐温写的名叫《汤姆·索亚历险记》的小说中的幽默故事。 humorous为形容词,意为“滑稽有趣的,有幽默感的”。如: The man is humorous, so he is popular. 这个男人很幽默,所以他很受欢迎。 拓展 humor为名词,意为“幽默”。a sense of humor意为“幽默感” 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 This cartoon presents 　          (humor) scenes of a fight between a cat and a mouse. humorous 7.deal:n.交易 【拓展】 deal:v.处理；对待(deal-dealt-dealt) deal with处理He knows how to deal with children very well.他清楚该怎么对待孩子。 注意： deal with 常与疑问词 how 连用； do with常与疑问词 what 连用。 1.That's a deal. 成交。 2.He knows what to do with children very well.他清楚该怎么对待孩子。 8.pretend:v装；装 【固定搭配】pretend to do sth.假装做某事。 常用句型：pretend that+从句假装……（的样子） 【同根词】pretended:adj.伪装的：假装的 pretender:n.伪装者；冒充者 1.He pretended that painting the fence is not hard work but fun.他假装粉刷栅栏不是辛苦的工作而是很有乐趣。 2.He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.当遇到一头熊时，他就装死。 3.He pretended that he was working hard.他装出一副工作很卖力的样子。 9.trick sb. into doing sth.:诱使某人做某事;欺骗某人做某事 【拓展】trick sb.out of. 从某人手中骗走（金钱、物品等） 【同根词】trick; n.恶作剧 固定短语：play a trick on sb.捉弄某人。 1.I tricked him into going outside and locked him out我骗走他到屋外，然后把他锁在外面。 2.A stranger tricked her out of 1500 yuan.一个陌生人从她手中骗走1500元。 3.I sometimes play a trick on my brother.我有时候捉弄我弟弟。 10. On Saturday morning, every boy in the town was happy, except Tom Sawyer. except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。 We have classes every day except Sunday. 辨析：except, besides, but与except for except 除去...,除...之外 强调从整体中除去部分，except后面的部分不包 括在整体内。 besides 除...之外还有 强调除去一部分还有另外一部分，besides后的部 分包括在整体内。 but 除了 多与no one, nobody, all, who等连用，其余情况下 可与except互换。 except for 除去...之外 表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再 就局部或细节提出看法或修正。 用except for, except that, besides, but 填空。 1.I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing. 2.There are three more visitors besides me. 3.All but him have gone to Japan. 4.His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 11. He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. (1) survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视 【拓展】survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量 1.Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report. (v.) 业务发展顾问在报告上调查了211家企业。 2.Please make a survey about your favorite festival and fill out the form. (n.) 请就您最喜爱的节日进行调查并填写表格。 (2) progress 不可数名词，意为：进展，常用短语如下： make progress 取得进展                  make great progress 取得很大进步 After some period of practice, you will make great progress.    (3) rest 名词，意为：休息             have/take a rest 休息一下  【拓展】①rest作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物         the rest of 剩余的...， 作主语时谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致。  ②rest也可作动词，意为：休息，歇息 1.The rest of the apples have gone bad. 剩余的那些苹果坏了。 2.The workers stopped to have a rest.          工人们停下来休息。 3.We rested for an hour after lunch. 午饭后，我们休息了一个小时。 12. He picked up his brush and went back to work.   pick up 意为：拾起，捡起  【拓展】pick up还有“（用车）接（人或物）；（车辆）中途搭（人）”之意。 1.There is a book on the floor. Please pick it up. 地上有一本书。请捡起来。 2.The car stopped and picked me up. 车停了，我上了车。 13. Then he went on painting. go on doing sth. 不停地做某事，继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事）    go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事（做另一件事，前后做的不是同一件事）    go on with sth. 继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况） 1.The students went on talking and laughing all the way . 学生们一路谈笑风生。 2.Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. 做完这道练习后，继续做另一道练习。 3.He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story. 他喝了一杯茶，继续讲故事。 14. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?” (1)while在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间 Let’s have a rest for a while.            (2)do some painting 粉刷，刷油漆 该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。表示做某事需要一段时间或反复进行的动作。类似的短语还有： do some cleaning    做清洁工作      do some cooking 做饭菜 do some washing 洗衣服 do some shopping   购物         15. Aunt Polly warned me to do it well. warn动词，意为：警告，提醒  warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事 1.They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他们警告他独自航行的危险。 2.He warned me not to tell others his secrets. 他警告我不要把他的秘密告诉别人。 16. I’ll give you half my apple. half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong. 【拓展】①half还可做名词，意为：一半，其复数形式为halves。 The journey takes an hour and a half. ②half of... 意为：半数的……，此结构作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词of后的宾语在数上保持一致。 1.Half of the students are from China. 一半的学生来自中国。 2.Half of his life is spent making inventions. 他一生一半时间都在搞发明创造。 四．课内语法填空 The Monkey King and the magic fan When the four 1 (hero) reached the Fiery Mountains, they met an old man. He told them, "The flames are impossible to pass but the immortal Princess Teishan has a magic fan that can put out the fire." Sum Wukong went to the princess’ cave and asked to borrow the fan. Tieshan refused and attacked him 2 her sword! They fought until the princess got 3 (exhaust) and returned to her cave. Sun turned 4 into a fly and followed her. He hid in her tea, and Tieshan drank it. Down in her belly Sun shouted. Tieshan got frightened and promised 5 ( lend) him the fan. He went back to his friends. Sun tried using the fan, 6 the flame only got bigger and bigger. It was the wrong fan! Suddenly, a friendly spirit appeared. He said, "Tieshan's husband, the Ox Demon (牛魔王), hasn't been home 7 a long time. If you bring him back, maybe she 8 ( give ) you the real fan." Sun found the Ox Demon, but he refused to help. Sun decided to trick the princess: he took the shape of the Ox Demon. When he knocked on her door, Tieshan thought it was her husband. Sun fooled her 9 giving him the fan. After that, her real husband came over to the cave, looking for Sun. Tieshan shouted,“That stupid monkey stole my fan!" The Ox Demon ran to find Sun Wukong. He took the shape of Zhu Bajie and tricked Sun into giving him the fan. At that moment, the other three heroes arrived. There was a long battle, and Tieshan came to help her husband. The heroes finally defeated the Ox Demon and Tieshan, and they gave the fan to Sun. Sun Wukong 10 (fan) 49 times, and put out the fire forever. Then he returned the fan to Tieshan, and the four heroes continued on their journey. 答案：1.heroes 2.with 3.exhausted 4.himself 5.to lend 6.but 7.for 8.will give 9.into 10.fanned 五．语法点背默 定语从句 一：定义及成分 一个句子作定语修饰名词或代词，叫做定语从句。 二：构成 1、 先行词，被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。如句中的a book 2、 关系词：引导定语从句关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用，又替代先行词充当从句中的成分。如： 引导词 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 主句 先行词 定语从句 三：关系代词的用法 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：Do you know the girl who often comes here? 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 若前面有介词，则whom不可省略，也不可用who或that替换。 如：He is the boy (whom) I talked with just now. I know the girl with whom you went shopping yesterday. 3. which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略； 但若前面有介词，则which不可省略，也不可用that。 如：This is the house in which we lived last year. The desks (which) we made last year were very good. 4. that既可指人，又可指物。指人时相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which，在从句中作主语 或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 如：I saw the man who/that closed the door. The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 5. whose通常指人，也可指物。在从句中作定语，whose后必须加上名词。 如：Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing. I live in a house whose windows face the south. 提醒：注意：当先行词为the way时，关系词应为that，in which或者不填。 随堂练习：用恰当的关系代词，每空一词 1．The club __whose__ members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday. 2．To make friends, you should help others the way __that__ you have been helped. 3. People tend to post only good updates _which/that_ will make them appear happy and friendly. 4．This is the old man _whose_ son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan. 5．Our class is a big family _which/that_ consists of 19 girls and 20 boys. 6．You should help others the way _that__ others help you. 7．Huck is a poor white boy _whose_ father often beats him. 8．The two pupils _who/whom/that_ you taught three years ago have become tractor drivers. 9．We were surprised to hear that the reason _which/that_ he gave for her absence was that her father was ill. 10．There were deep cracks _which/that_ appeared in the well walls. 四：只能用that的情况 1. 当先行词是all, few, little, much, something, everything, nothing, none等不定代词时 如：All that he said is true. Is there anything that you don’t understand? 2. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰时 如：This is the only gift that my mother bought for me. That is the very dress that I want to buy. 3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 如：This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the second book that I have read. 4. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时 如：We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 5. 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 如：Who is that woman that is standing under the tree? Which is the hotel that you like best? 五：只能用which，不能用that的情况 1. 先行词为that，those时。 如：What’s that which is under the desk?  在桌子底下的那个是什么？ 2. 引导词（关系代词）前有介词时。 如：This is the room in which he lives.  这是他居住的房间。 3. 非限制性定语从句中 如：They rely on themselves, which is much better.他们依靠自己，这更好。 随堂练习：用that或which或that∕which填空。 1. This is all___that__I know about the accident. 2.He is the only man ___that__ I can find for the work. 3.You must watch everything carefully ___that__ the teacher does in class. 4.Is the house __that∕which__ he wanted to sell very big? 5.This is one of the most exciting football games __that__ I have ever seen. 6.The last place __that__ we visited in the countryside was a farm. 7.I saw a desk on __which__ there was a book. 8.The first English novel __that__ I read was Gone With Wind. 9.When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people __that_ he had visited. 10.Mike missed the bus _that∕which_ started at 6:00 am. 11.Who is the man __that__ is speaking there? 12.This is the very book __that__ I want to borrow. 13.He invited us to dinner, __which__ was very kind of him. 14.He drank beer, _which__ made him fat. 15.He has to work on Sundays, __which_ he doesn't like. 要点四：关系副词的用法 1. when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to China. 2. where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例如： This is the school where I studied three years ago. 3. why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。例如： He didn’t tell her the reason why he was so happy. 随堂练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. I still remember the night __when_ I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day __when_  we met each other last week. 3. This is the school __where__ I used to study. 4. Do you still remember the place _where_ we visited the painting exhibition? 5. I wonder the reason ___why__ you were absent yesterday. 6. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, __where__ lies the West Lake? 7. Tom will go to Shanghai, __where_ live his two brothers. 8. This is the hour _when__ the place is always full of women and children. 9. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place __where_ you may spend your weekend. 定语从句综合练习 一、填空题 1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly. 2) The car _______________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher. 5）I know the girl _________ mother is a teacher. 6）.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_______ were in the fields. 7）.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate. 8).This is the very thing ______ I was looking for. 9).This is the second novel ______ I have ever read. 10).There is nothing in the world _______ can frightenme.    【答案】  which/that； which/that/ /； who/that； whom/that/ /； whose; that; that; that//; that//; that; that; 二、句型转换 1. Do you know the man? The man is picking up the waste paper. (改为含有定语从句的句子) Do you know the man ________ _______ up the waste paper. 2. I like books. The books are written by Charles Dickens. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I like books _________ ________ written by Charles Dickens. 3. I want to make friends with the people. They are kind to old people. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I want to make friends with people _______ ______ _______ to old people. 4. The novel is very instructive. I read it yesterday. (合并为一句) The novel _______I ______ yesterday is very instructive. 5. The girl is very beautiful. The girl is wearing red skirt. (合并为一句) The girl _______ ______ _______ red skirt is very beautiful. 6. Li Lei is the Young Pioneer. He helped the old man find his home. (合并为一句) Li Lei is the Young Pioneer ______ _____ the old man find his home. 7. Do you like the animal? The animal looks like a big house. (合并为一句) Do you like the animal _________ ______ like a big house. 8. China is a great country that has long history. (改为同义句)  China is a great country ______ long history. 9. The girl in red hat is my sister. (改为同义句)  The girl _______ _____ _______ red hat is my sister. 10. I don't like bikes which have big wheels. (对划线部分提问) _______ bikes don't you like? 11. The man who is wearing glasses stole Mrs. Green's necklace.(对划线部分提问)  ______ _____ stole Mrs. Green's necklace? 12. It's a pretty city that doesn't have any motor-bikes. (改为同义句)  It's a pretty city ________ _____ motorbikes. 【答案】 1.which2. who is wearing3. with4. which/that looks5.who helped6.who is wearing7.which 、 read 8. who are kind9. which are10. Who's picking11. which man12. without any 六．写作背默 学校将在下周举行一场关于“我爱读书”的演讲比赛，你决定参加比赛。根据提示，以“I enjoy reading”为题，写一篇约80个单词的短文，短文开头已给出，不计总数。 要点： 1.阅读能够带来许多乐趣。 2.阅读能让我们开拓视野，学到各种知识(knowledge),明白许多真理(truth)等。 3.阅读能让我们变得更聪明，更文明(civilized)。 4.你的观点：①改变命运②…(至少一点) 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数): 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥： 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 【有关的学过的词汇】 1.带来乐趣bring joy 2.开拓视野open our minds 3.明白许多真理understand a lot of truth 4.改变命运change one's fate 【亮点句型】 1.make sb.do ...使某人做… 读节可以使我们变得更聪明，更文明。 Reading can make us become wiser and more civilized. 2.the+比较级…,the +比较级… 你读的书越多，你的生活就越精彩。 The more reading you do,the more exciting life you have. 【过渡衔接】各要点之间可用表示次序或并列的词。 【构思篇章】主要时态用一般现在时；注意句段之间的过渡。 【参考范文】 Boys and girls. Today I would like to share my speech with you.My topic is "I Enjoy Reading".Reading is a part of our life. First,reading can bring us a lot of joy because we can enjoy different stories from different countries.Second,reading can open our minds.We can learn different knowledge from different books,including science,history,culture,famous persons,art and so on.It can also make us understand a lot of truth.Third,reading can make us become more civilized. I think reading can change our fate.The more reading you do,the more exciting life you will have.From now on,let's do more reading In our spare time. $$【同步100分背默】Unit7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. /əd'ventʃə/ 冒险；冒险经历 go on an adventure去冒险 /'nɒv(ə)l/ (长篇)小说 /frɒg/ 蛙；青蛙 /kən'grætʃə'leʃənz/ 祝贺；恭贺 congratulate v.祝贺；恭贺 /'sɪmpəθɪ/ 同情 /'stiːmbəʊt/ 汽船；轮船 /近/ steam ship /stiːm/ 蒸汽动力；蒸汽 /'raɪtə/ 作家 write v.写 /fens/ 栅栏；篱笆 /tɑːsk/ 任务；工作 complete a task 完成任务 /jɑːd/ 码(长度单位) /bɔːd/ 木板 /'prəʊgres/ 进展 make progress取得进步 /rest/ 休息时间 have/take a rest休息一会儿 /'pɪtɪ/ 遗憾；可惜 what a pity真可惜/pl./ pities /'saɪləns/ 沉默；缄默 silent adj.沉默的；in silence沉默地 break the silence打破沉默 /waɪl/ 一段时间；一会儿 after a while过了一会儿 /diːl/ 交易 a great/good deal of大量的 /kəʊt/ 涂料层；覆盖层 /liːd/ 铅 /plɒt/ 故事情节 v. /sə'veɪ/ 查看；审视 survey a schoo1视察学校 /prɪ'tend/ 假装；佯装 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 adj. /'hjuːm(ə)rəs/ 滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的 humour n.幽默 /'keəfʊl/ 小心；谨慎 /反/ careless adj.粗心的；carefully adv.仔细地；小心地 /'selɪbreɪtɪd/ 著名的；闻名的 celebrate v.庆祝 /近/ famous 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 有关…的报告 2 在那时 3 鼓励某人做某事 4 （被）命名为…的小说 5 一项做某事的任务 6 30码长 7 休息一下 8 开始做某事 9 想象到，想出 10 取笑某人 11 捡起 12 继续工作 13 真可惜 14 玩得开心 15 做某事的机会 16 不停地做，继续做某事 17 沉默地 18 过了一会 19 让某人做某事 20 警告某人做某事 21 给某人提供某事 22 三层油漆 23 如此…以致… 24 使翻转 25 诱使某人做某事 三．易错点记忆 1. adventure:n.冒险；冒险经历 【同根词】adventurous:adj.有冒险精神的：大胆开拓的 adventurer: n.冒险者冒险家 1.When you were a child, life was like one .在孩提时代，生活如同一场大冒险。 2.For the more tourists. there are trips into the mountains with a local guide.对更愿猎奇探险的旅游者，由本地向导带领进山旅游。 3. all like going to unusual places.冒险家都喜欢去不寻常的地方。 2. congratulations: n. [pt]贺；贺 【固定搭配】congratulations to sb.on sth.就某事向某人祝贺Congratulations on your success!! 【同根词】congratulate:祝贺（某人） 【固定搭配】congratulate oneself on.为自己高兴 练一练 1.I offer you my hearty . 我向您表示衷心的祝贺。 2.I them all their achievements.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。 3.You should yourself having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到高兴。 3.congratulations的用法 教材原文　Learn to express congratulations and sympathy.学会表达祝贺与同情。 congratulations为名词复数形式,意为“祝贺,恭喜”,且表达此意时常用复数形式。如: Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达给他我的祝贺。 拓展 congratulate为及物动词,意为“向(某人)道贺,祝贺”,常用结构congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.意为“就(做)某事向某人表示祝贺 ”。 —I won a prize at the school sports day, Mum. —That’s great! 　　     ! A.Good luck　　　B.No way C.What a pity　　　D.Congratulations 4. progress:n进展；进步 【固定搭配】 make (good/great) progress in (doing) sth.在……方面取得（大）进步 【同根词】progressive:ad.进步的；先进的 1.He painted one board and . 他粉刷了一块木板并查看了进度。 2.You have in speaking English. 你在讲英语方面取得了巨大进步 5.careful:adj.小心的；谨慎的 【同根词】care:n.保养：照顾：看护 take care of..照料……：注意…… care: care for(1)照料：看护（2)深爱： carefully: ad:认真地；小心地 【反义词】careless:adj.粗心的；轻率的；大意的；carelessness:n.粗心率：不关心 【拓展】Be careful!=Watch out! =Look out!小心！当心！ 1.I'll be really .我一定会小心的。 2.They the old people there.他们那的老人照顾得很好。 3.His remarks hurt her feelings.他率的言论伤了她的心。 6.humorous的用法 教材原文　Miss Liu wanted to encourage her students to read famous books, so she showed them this humorous story from a novel called The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain.刘老师想鼓励她的学生阅读名著,所以她给他们看了这个选自马克·吐温写的名叫《汤姆·索亚历险记》的小说中的幽默故事。 humorous为形容词,意为“滑稽有趣的,有幽默感的”。如: The man is humorous, so he is popular. 这个男人很幽默,所以他很受欢迎。 拓展 humor为名词,意为“幽默”。a sense of humor意为“幽默感” 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 This cartoon presents 　          (humor) scenes of a fight between a cat and a mouse. 7.deal:n.交易 【拓展】 deal:v.处理；对待(deal-dealt-dealt) deal with处理He knows how to deal with children very well.他清楚该怎么对待孩子。 注意： deal with 常与疑问词 how 连用； do with常与疑问词 what 连用。 1.That's . 成交。 2.He knows what children very well.他清楚该怎么对待孩子。 8.pretend:v装；装 【固定搭配】pretend to do sth.假装做某事。 常用句型：pretend that+从句假装……（的样子） 【同根词】pretended:adj.伪装的：假装的 pretender:n.伪装者；冒充者 1.He painting the fence is not hard work but fun.他假装粉刷栅栏不是辛苦的工作而是很有乐趣。 2.He dead when he met a bear.当遇到一头熊时，他就装死。 3.He he was working hard.他装出一副工作很卖力的样子。 9.trick sb. into doing sth.:诱使某人做某事;欺骗某人做某事 【拓展】trick sb.out of. 从某人手中骗走（金钱、物品等） 【同根词】trick; n.恶作剧 固定短语：play a trick on sb.捉弄某人。 1.I going outside and locked him out我骗走他到屋外，然后把他锁在外面。 2.A stranger of 1500 yuan.一个陌生人从她手中骗走1500元。 3.I sometimes my brother.我有时候捉弄我弟弟。 10. On Saturday morning, every boy in the town was happy, except Tom Sawyer. except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。 We have classes every day except Sunday. 辨析：except, besides, but与except for except 除去...,除...之外 强调从整体中除去部分，except后面的部分不包 括在整体内。 besides 除...之外还有 强调除去一部分还有另外一部分，besides后的部 分包括在整体内。 but 除了 多与no one, nobody, all, who等连用，其余情况下 可与except互换。 except for 除去...之外 表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再 就局部或细节提出看法或修正。 用except for, except that, besides, but 填空。 1.I know nothing about the young lady  she is from Beijing. 2.There are three more visitors me. 3.All him have gone to Japan. 4.His article is very good a few spelling mistakes. 11. He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. (1) survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视 【拓展】survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量 1.Business Development Advisers 211 companies for the report. (v.) 业务发展顾问在报告上调查了211家企业。 2.Please   about your favorite festival and fill out the form. (n.) 请就您最喜爱的节日进行调查并填写表格。 (2) progress 不可数名词，意为：进展，常用短语如下： make progress 取得进展                  make great progress 取得很大进步 After some period of practice, you will make great progress.    (3) rest 名词，意为：休息             have/take a rest 休息一下  【拓展】①rest作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物         the rest of 剩余的...， 作主语时谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致。  ②rest也可作动词，意为：休息，歇息 1. the apples have gone bad. 剩余的那些苹果坏了。 2.The workers stopped to .          工人们停下来休息。 3.We for an hour after lunch. 午饭后，我们休息了一个小时。 12. He picked up his brush and went back to work.   pick up 意为：拾起，捡起  【拓展】pick up还有“（用车）接（人或物）；（车辆）中途搭（人）”之意。 1.There is a book on the floor. Please . 地上有一本书。请捡起来。 2.The car stopped and . 车停了，我上了车。 13. Then he went on painting. go on doing sth. 不停地做某事，继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事）    go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事（做另一件事，前后做的不是同一件事）    go on with sth. 继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况） 1.The students  all the way . 学生们一路谈笑风生。 2. after you finish this one. 做完这道练习后，继续做另一道练习。 3.He took a cup of tea, and . 他喝了一杯茶，继续讲故事。 14. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?” (1)while在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间 Let’s have a rest for a while.            (2)do some painting 粉刷，刷油漆 该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。表示做某事需要一段时间或反复进行的动作。类似的短语还有： do some cleaning    做清洁工作      do some cooking 做饭菜 do some washing 洗衣服 do some shopping   购物         15. Aunt Polly warned me to do it well. warn动词，意为：警告，提醒  warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事 1.They the dangers of sailing alone. 他们警告他独自航行的危险。 2.He tell others his secrets. 他警告我不要把他的秘密告诉别人。 16. I’ll give you half my apple. half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong. 【拓展】①half还可做名词，意为：一半，其复数形式为halves。 The journey takes an hour and a half. ②half of... 意为：半数的……，此结构作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词of后的宾语在数上保持一致。 1.Half of the students from China. 一半的学生来自中国。 2.Half of his life spent making inventions. 他一生一半时间都在搞发明创造。 四．课内语法填空 The Monkey King and the magic fan When the four 1 (hero) reached the Fiery Mountains, they met an old man. He told them, "The flames are impossible to pass but the immortal Princess Teishan has a magic fan that can put out the fire." Sum Wukong went to the princess’ cave and asked to borrow the fan. Tieshan refused and attacked him 2 her sword! They fought until the princess got 3 (exhaust) and returned to her cave. Sun turned 4 into a fly and followed her. He hid in her tea, and Tieshan drank it. Down in her belly Sun shouted. Tieshan got frightened and promised 5 ( lend) him the fan. He went back to his friends. Sun tried using the fan, 6 the flame only got bigger and bigger. It was the wrong fan! Suddenly, a friendly spirit appeared. He said, "Tieshan's husband, the Ox Demon (牛魔王), hasn't been home 7 a long time. If you bring him back, maybe she 8 ( give ) you the real fan." Sun found the Ox Demon, but he refused to help. Sun decided to trick the princess: he took the shape of the Ox Demon. When he knocked on her door, Tieshan thought it was her husband. Sun fooled her 9 giving him the fan. After that, her real husband came over to the cave, looking for Sun. Tieshan shouted,“That stupid monkey stole my fan!" The Ox Demon ran to find Sun Wukong. He took the shape of Zhu Bajie and tricked Sun into giving him the fan. At that moment, the other three heroes arrived. There was a long battle, and Tieshan came to help her husband. The heroes finally defeated the Ox Demon and Tieshan, and they gave the fan to Sun. Sun Wukong 10 (fan) 49 times, and put out the fire forever. Then he returned the fan to Tieshan, and the four heroes continued on their journey. 五．语法点背默 定语从句 一：定义及成分 一个句子作定语修饰名词或代词，叫做定语从句。 二：构成 1、 先行词，被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。如句中的a book 2、 关系词：引导定语从句关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用，又替代先行词充当从句中的成分。如： 引导词 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 主句 先行词 定语从句 三：关系代词的用法 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：Do you know the girl who often comes here? 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 若前面有介词，则whom不可省略，也不可用who或that替换。 如：He is the boy (whom) I talked with just now. I know the girl with whom you went shopping yesterday. 3. which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略； 但若前面有介词，则which不可省略，也不可用that。 如：This is the house in which we lived last year. The desks (which) we made last year were very good. 4. that既可指人，又可指物。指人时相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which，在从句中作主语 或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 如：I saw the man who/that closed the door. The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 5. whose通常指人，也可指物。在从句中作定语，whose后必须加上名词。 如：Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing. I live in a house whose windows face the south. 提醒：注意：当先行词为the way时，关系词应为that，in which或者不填。 随堂练习：用恰当的关系代词，每空一词 1．The club __ __ members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday. 2．To make friends, you should help others the way __ __ you have been helped. 3. People tend to post only good updates will make them appear happy and friendly. 4．This is the old man son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan. 5．Our class is a big family consists of 19 girls and 20 boys. 6．You should help others the way others help you. 7．Huck is a poor white boy father often beats him. 8．The two pupils you taught three years ago have become tractor drivers. 9．We were surprised to hear that the reason he gave for her absence was that her father was ill. 10．There were deep cracks appeared in the well walls. 四：只能用that的情况 1. 当先行词是all, few, little, much, something, everything, nothing, none等不定代词时 如：All that he said is true. Is there anything that you don’t understand? 2. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰时 如：This is the only gift that my mother bought for me. That is the very dress that I want to buy. 3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 如：This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the second book that I have read. 4. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时 如：We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 5. 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 如：Who is that woman that is standing under the tree? Which is the hotel that you like best? 五：只能用which，不能用that的情况 1. 先行词为that，those时。 如：What’s that which is under the desk?  在桌子底下的那个是什么？ 2. 引导词（关系代词）前有介词时。 如：This is the room in which he lives.  这是他居住的房间。 3. 非限制性定语从句中 如：They rely on themselves, which is much better.他们依靠自己，这更好。 随堂练习：用that或which或that∕which填空。 1. This is all I know about the accident. 2.He is the only man I can find for the work. 3.You must watch everything carefully the teacher does in class. 4.Is the house he wanted to sell very big? 5.This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen. 6.The last place we visited in the countryside was a farm. 7.I saw a desk on there was a book. 8.The first English novel I read was Gone With Wind. 9.When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people he had visited. 10.Mike missed the bus started at 6:00 am. 11.Who is the man is speaking there? 12.This is the very book I want to borrow. 13.He invited us to dinner, was very kind of him. 14.He drank beer, made him fat. 15.He has to work on Sundays, he doesn't like. 要点四：关系副词的用法 1. when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to China. 2. where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例如： This is the school where I studied three years ago. 3. why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。例如： He didn’t tell her the reason why he was so happy. 随堂练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. I still remember the night I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day we met each other last week. 3. This is the school I used to study. 4. Do you still remember the place _where_ we visited the painting exhibition? 5. I wonder the reason ___why__ you were absent yesterday. 6. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake? 7. Tom will go to Shanghai, live his two brothers. 8. This is the hour the place is always full of women and children. 9. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place you may spend your weekend. 定语从句综合练习 一、填空题 1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly. 2) The car _______________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher. 5）I know the girl _________ mother is a teacher. 6）.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_______ were in the fields. 7）.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate. 8).This is the very thing ______ I was looking for. 9).This is the second novel ______ I have ever read. 10).There is nothing in the world _______ can frightenme. 二、句型转换 1. Do you know the man? The man is picking up the waste paper. (改为含有定语从句的句子) Do you know the man ________ _______ up the waste paper. 2. I like books. The books are written by Charles Dickens. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I like books _________ ________ written by Charles Dickens. 3. I want to make friends with the people. They are kind to old people. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I want to make friends with people _______ ______ _______ to old people. 4. The novel is very instructive. I read it yesterday. (合并为一句) The novel _______I ______ yesterday is very instructive. 5. The girl is very beautiful. The girl is wearing red skirt. (合并为一句) The girl _______ ______ _______ red skirt is very beautiful. 6. Li Lei is the Young Pioneer. He helped the old man find his home. (合并为一句) Li Lei is the Young Pioneer ______ _____ the old man find his home. 7. Do you like the animal? The animal looks like a big house. (合并为一句) Do you like the animal _________ ______ like a big house. 8. China is a great country that has long history. (改为同义句)  China is a great country ______ long history. 9. The girl in red hat is my sister. (改为同义句)  The girl _______ _____ _______ red hat is my sister. 10. I don't like bikes which have big wheels. (对划线部分提问) _______ bikes don't you like? 11. The man who is wearing glasses stole Mrs. Green's necklace.(对划线部分提问)  ______ _____ stole Mrs. Green's necklace? 12. It's a pretty city that doesn't have any motor-bikes. (改为同义句)  It's a pretty city ________ _____ motorbikes. 六．写作背默 学校将在下周举行一场关于“我爱读书”的演讲比赛，你决定参加比赛。根据提示，以“I enjoy reading”为题，写一篇约80个单词的短文，短文开头已给出，不计总数。 要点： 1.阅读能够带来许多乐趣。 2.阅读能让我们开拓视野，学到各种知识(knowledge),明白许多真理(truth)等。 3.阅读能让我们变得更聪明，更文明(civilized)。 4.你的观点：①改变命运②…(至少一点) 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数): 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥： 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 【有关的学过的词汇】 1.带来乐趣bring joy 2.开拓视野open our minds 3.明白许多真理understand a lot of truth 4.改变命运change one's fate 【亮点句型】 1.make sb.do ...使某人做… 读节可以使我们变得更聪明，更文明。 Reading can make us become wiser and more civilized. 2.the+比较级…,the +比较级… 你读的书越多，你的生活就越精彩。 The more reading you do,the more exciting life you have. 【过渡衔接】各要点之间可用表示次序或并列的词。 【构思篇章】主要时态用一般现在时；注意句段之间的过渡。 $$