Unit5 Working the Land【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit5 Working the Land 话题 校园生活 词汇 1．devote 2．convince 3．assumption 4．consumption 5．extension 6．chemical 7．nutritional8．depth 短语 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如 句型 1．Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life.确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。 4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 语法 主语从句 写作 个人简介 考点1 | devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民的身躯一样。  用法归纳 ①devote oneself to ( ) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事 ②devote...to(doing)sth.把……用于(做)某事,常见搭配有devote one’s life/time/energy/money to (doing)sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力/金钱用于(做)某事 词汇拓展 ①devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 be devoted to...深爱……;对……忠诚 •Throughout the whole of their marriage life, he was devoted to her.在整个婚姻生活中,他都 深爱着她。 ②devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱;关爱 One’s devotion to...某人对……的关爱/奉献 •His devotion to work left him with little free time.他全身心投入工作,几乎没有空闲时间。 All in all, it is high time that we ourselves to the ocean.总之,现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。  My English teacher is a kind person, who devotes all her energy to t he disabled.我的英语老师是一个善良的人,她把精力全部用于帮助残疾人。 考点2 | shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺 However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。  用法归纳 ①a shortage  ...缺乏…… ②there is  shortage of...不缺少……;……很充裕 词汇拓展 ①in short总之;简而言之 ②be short of...缺少……;……不足 •We must face the fact that we are short of water. 我们必须面对缺水这个事实。 ③be short for...是……的简称 ④shorten v.(使)变短 ⑤shortly adv.立刻;不久 shortly after不久之后;很快 The popular restaurant had a of staff.这家受欢迎的餐厅缺乏人手。 There is no of things to do in the home.家里不愁找不到活儿干。 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water .在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。  考点3 | convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁(隆平)坚信答案能够在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 用法归纳 ①convince sb. sth.说服某人去做某事 ②convince sb. sth.使某人确信某事 ③convince sb.that...使某人确信……(被动形式为sb. be convinced that...) 词汇拓展 ①convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的 ②convinced adj.深信的;确信的 be/become convinced of/that...确信/深信…… But Darwin’s scientific studies were so that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。  I gradually became that he had made his fortune in ways that were illegal.我逐渐相信他是通过不合法的方式发了财的。 考点4 | assumption n.假定,设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。 用法归纳 ① the assumption that...假定…… ②make assumptions(  ...)(关于……)做出假设 词汇拓展 ①assume v.假定;假设;认为;承担(责任);取得(权力);呈现(外观、样子);显露(特征) It’s (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为…… assume...to be...认为……是…… •Many people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 许多人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么 好处呢? (译林必修二) •It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.人们普遍认为压力是由过多 的工作造成的。 ②assuming (that) conj.假如;假设……为真 The company made some about the potential market.公司对潜在市场做了一些假设。 We are working on the that the speech contest will be held as planned.我们假定演讲比赛会按计划举办并正就此作出安排。 You’ll need to them of your ability to do the job.你要使他们相信你有做这份工作的能力。  He says it’s not easy to people that nutria fur is green...他说要让人们相信海狸鼠的皮毛是环保的并不容易……  He the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。  考点5 | comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… 用法归纳 comprise和be comprised 　　     都表示“由……组成”。 词汇拓展 ①表示“由……组成”的短语还有be made up of、consist of(一般情况下,不用于被动语态 和进行时)、be composed of。 ②comprise和be comprised of 表示的意思相同,有类似用法的词有face,face与be faced with都 可表示“面临,必须对付(某情况)”。 The team which comprises/is comprised doctors and rescuers was immediately sent to the disaster area.由医生和救援人员组成的团队被立刻派往灾区。 考点6 | in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.这影响了在这片土地上生长的作物,相应地又影响了消化它们的动物和人类。 词汇拓展 ①take turns to do sth./in(doing)sth.轮流做某事(=take a turn doing sth.) We take turns to explain to the residents in our community how to classify garbage.我们轮流向我们社区的居民讲解如何进行垃圾分类。 ②by turns轮流;交替 ③wait one’s turn等着轮到某人 ④It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 It is my turn to do the housework today, so I got up early in the morning.今天轮到我做家务 了,所以早上我很早就起床了。 特别提醒 注意in return的意思是“作为回应;作为回报”。 考点7 | essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.它们外表看起来可能很美,但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多,味道也往往不那么鲜美。 用法归纳 ①be essential ...对……至关重要/必不可少 ②It is essential  ...做……是完全必要的。 ③It is essential that...必须……;……必不可少。 考点8 | alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming...作为一种替代选择,一些农民已经转向有机农业…… 用法归纳 ①have no alternative but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事 ②an alternative ...……的替代品 词汇拓展 ①alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不,或者 ②have no choice/option but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事 He had no but to report it to the police.他别无选择,只好向警方报案。 It helps to provide healthy to sugary drinks.它有助于提供含糖饮料的健康替代品。 考点9 | depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);最深处 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物,利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。 用法归纳 ①at/to a depth of在/到……深度 ②  the depths of...在……的深处 ③ depth 全面地;深入地;详细地 ④be out of one’s depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方;非某人所能理解;为某人力所不及 词汇拓展 ①deep adv.深深地;在深处;至深处 adj.深的;厚的;有……深的 deep down在内心深处;本质上;实际上 Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.实际上,袁(隆平)在内心深处仍然是一位农民。 ②deeply adv.很;非常;极其;强烈地,深沉地 ③deepen v.(使)变深;(使情感、感觉等)加强;(使)变糟 The twins are in the of despair, and they look around in disappointment.这对双胞胎陷入了绝望的深渊,他们失望地环顾四周。 Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in to knowing very little about a lot!也许互联网已经把我们从对少数事情的深入了解变成了对很多事情的知之甚少! 考点10 | root n.根;根茎;根部;根源;起因;起源 v.(使)生根 For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots.例如,花生长在土壤表层,但是许多其他蔬菜则扎根在(土地)深处。 用法归纳 ①the root  ... ……的根源 ②have one’s roots  ...起源于…… ③take root植根;深入人心;生根 ④put down roots生根;定居 ⑤root sb. to the spot使某人呆住不动 词汇拓展 rooted adj.源于……的;固定在某地的;稳固的 be rooted in...起源于…… Rock has its in the blues.摇滚乐起源于蓝调。 We need to get to the of the problem before we can solve it.我们需要先弄清问题的根源, 然后才能去解决它。 考点11 |  given that...考虑到/鉴于…… Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到袁隆平(研发)的杂交品种让他相当富有,有人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活。  用法归纳 given that意为“考虑到/鉴于……”,在句中用作连词,引导从句(注意given后的that不能省略)。 结构拓展 ①given prep.只要是;考虑到 Given the present conditions, I think she’s done rather well.考虑到目前的情况,我认为她已经做得相当不错了。 ②considering prep. & conj.考虑到;鉴于(considering作连词,引导从句,也可用considering that引导从句) It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about‘bad’tables,” that they’re profitable.可以得出结论,考虑到它们是有利可图的,餐馆老板不必 “过分担心‘不好的’餐桌位置”。  考点12 | make+宾语+宾补 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病,甚至致癌。  用法归纳 ①make+宾语+ sth.使/让……做某事 (在被动语态中,不定式符号to要还原,即sb./sth. be made to do sth.) ②make+宾语+ 使……被…… (此结构中,宾语往往是反身代词,如:make oneself understood/heard) ③make+宾语+adj.使……处于某种状态 ④make+宾语+n.使……成为…… ⑤make+it+宾补+to do sth./that从句(当宾语部分较长时,可用 作形式宾语,而把真正 的宾语放在后面) I spoke slowly to make myself .我说得很慢,以便大家都能听懂我的话。 Her persistence and efforts made the project a .她的坚持和努力使计划获得了成功。 As far as I am concerned, the Internet makes our lives and .就我而言,互联网让我们的生活变得轻松且便捷。 A lack of trust can make people against you rather than for you.缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是帮助你。  He made it a never to eat between meals.他定了个规矩,两餐之间不吃东西。 一．语法精讲 主语从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中充当主语、宾语表语、同位语等。复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的用法如下: 一、主语从句的引导词 主语从句的引导词有三类,即从属连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(what,who,whom,whose, which,whatever,whoever,whichever)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)。 1.从属连词 That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。 That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。 用法归纳 that引导主语从句时无实际词义,且在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 但① 　 　    省略。 (2)whether/if引导主语从句 Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状况而定。 It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。 用法归纳 whether和if引导主语从句时表示“② 　 　     ”, 只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当成分。 特别提醒 if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句, 若用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置,则可以用if引导; whether可与or not直接连用,if不可以。 2.连接代词 (1)what引导的主语从句 What color the door will be painted has not been decided yet.门被粉刷成什么颜色还没有决定。 What the situation will be puzzles me.情况会怎样令我困惑。 What caused the leak remains unanswered.导致泄漏的原因仍未得到解答。 What he said was brief but significant.他的讲话虽然简短但是意义重大。 用法归纳 what引导主语从句时起连接作用,在其引导的从句中充当定语、表语、③ 　 　    和④ 　 　     ,表示“……的事物”。 (2)who, whom, whose, which引导的主语从句 (3)whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句 Whoever says that is a liar.=Anyone who says that is a liar.任何说那话的人都是骗子。 Whatever he does from now on has nothing to do with me. =Anything that he does from now on has nothing to do with me.从现在起他做的任何事都与我无关。 用法归纳 1)引导主语从句时whoever相当于“⑤ 　 　     +who”, 意为“任何……的人”。 2)引导主语从句时whatever相当于“anything+that”, 意为“任何……的事”。what与whatever有时可互换,二者区别是whatever语气更强烈。 3)whichever用来表示选择,通常前文会提供选择范围。 3.连接副词 Why they didn’t come remained unclear.他们为什么不来一直不清楚。 When he will arrive doesn’t matter. 他什么时候到无关紧要。 How it was done is a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 用法归纳 连接副词引导主语从句时,保留了其疑问词的意思,即why, when, how, where分别意为“为什么”“什么时候”“怎样”“在哪里”,在从句中作⑥ 　 　    。 状语 二、注意事项 What he has accomplished is admirable.他的成就令人钦佩。 What we badly need are doctors.我们急需的是医生。 Whoever made this cake is a real artist.制作了这个蛋糕的人是一位真正的艺术大师。 That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上在她的村子里引起很大轰动。 用法归纳 1)当主语是从句时,谓语动词通常用⑦ 　 　    数;what引导的主语从句有时意义上表示复数, 谓语动词用⑧ 　 　    数。 2)主语从句的语序必须是⑨ 　 　    句语序。 三、使用形式主语 it的情况 It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。 It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.他取得如此成就不足为奇。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受伤。 It happened that I was free when he called.他打电话时我碰巧有空。 用法归纳1 为避免句子结构不平衡,头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语即主语从句移到后 面,构成以下句式: 1)It+be+形容词+that从句.(It be necessary/clear/true/strange/important/possible/likely/...+that从句.) 2)It+be+⑩ 　 　    +that从句.(It+be+a fact/a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder/often the case/...+that从句.) 3)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(It+be+reported/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/suggested/...+that从句.) 4)It+特殊动词+that从句.(It+seems/happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference/...+that从句.) 特别提醒 “It+be+形容词/过去分词+that...”句型中,当形容词是important、necessary、strange等时, 主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;当过去分词是表示建议、命令、要求等的词(如advised、suggested、ordered、required、demanded等)时,主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。 It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准他是何时回来的。 It was clear that my father already had a plan. 很明显我父亲已经有了计划。 It is not clear what they want us to do. 我们不确定他们想要我们做什么。 It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。 用法归纳2 当主句表示“……是不确定/不清楚的”时,主语从句常用when、why、where、what、which、who、whose、how等引导词来引导;当主句表示“……是确定无疑的”时,主语从句常用11. 　 　    来引导。 单元语法专练 题型(一) 1.It is whispered 　　　　　he refused to reveal the sources of his information.  2.　　　　　 is probable that the disease has a genetic(遗传学的) element.  3.　　　　　 the plan is workable remains to be proved.  4.When they will come 　　　　　(have) not been decided.  5.　　　　　 did this will sooner or later be caught and punished.  6.It is not clear 　　　　　we can do to improve this situation.   7.　　　　　 will demonstrate the new educational software in the meeting hasn't been decided yet.  题型(二) 1.很显然,中国在世界舞台上发挥着越来越重要的作用。(it) 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　China is playing an increasingly important role on the world stage.  2.会议何时召开还未决定。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has not been decided yet.   3.首先,我们能做的是重视我们的日常行为。 First of all, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is to place importance on our daily actions. (2022全国甲写作)  4.我们应该知道的是生活是充满欢笑和泪水的。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is that life is full of laughter and tears. (读后续写—主旨升华)  5.人们建议把会议推迟到下周一。(it作形式主语,suggest) 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　until next Monday.  6.她没有参加六月份的英语演讲比赛的原因还不清楚。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the English speech contest in June is still not clear.  二．写作精讲 关于农业的议论文 写作题目 　　假定你是李华,最近,你班开展了主题为“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文活动。请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你的观点; 2.做出该选择的理由。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。 In my opinion, 　　　farming is preferable to 　　　farming because 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 思路点拨 主题 关于农业的讨论 体裁 议论文 布局 第一段:表明观点,认为有机农业好(或化学农业好)。 第二段:写明自己的选择的理由。以有机农业为例:1.对环境友好;2.对健康有益;3.促进食欲。 第三段:再次肯定自己的观点,与首段相呼应。 人称 第一人称、第三人称 时态 一般现在时 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.　　　　adj.与化学有关的;化学的  2.　　　　n.营养;滋养  3.　　　　adj.完全必要的;极其重要的  4.　　　　n.矿物;矿物质  5.　　　　n.味道;特点;特色  6.　　　　　　富含……的  Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第二段:写明自己的选择的理由 (1)不含化肥的有机农业旨在使土壤肥沃,对环境无疑是友好的。 　　　　 　　　　keep the soil rich, organic farming, which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　chemical fertilizers, is undoubtedly friendly to the environment.  (2)患癌症的人数在上升,我们应该更注意我们的食物。 The number of people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is on the rise and we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat.   (3)有机食物富含矿物质和维生素,它能确保我们摄入必要的营养,并且减少患潜在的严重疾病的可能性。 Organic food 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　minerals and vitamins. It guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reducing the likelihood of potential serious disease.   (4)我们都知道化学农业生产出来的食物吃起来没有滋味。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　food produced from chemical farming tastes flavourless.   (5)有机农业能保全食物的自然风味,进而刺激我们的食欲。 Organic farming can secure the natural flavour of the food, thus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.句式升级 (6)用with的复合结构改写句(2) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  (7)用形容词短语作状语将句(3)中的两个简单句合并为一个句子 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  (8)将句(4)改写为含有主语从句的主从复合句后用while与句(5)合并 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  连句成篇 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  写作积累 议论文常用句式 1.表明观点 ①Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should... Our opinions are divided on this topic. Most students are in favor of... ②Some people hold the opinion that...is superior to...in many ways. Others, however, argue that...is better. 2.陈述理由 ①There are many reasons why I prefer... The main reason is that... Another reason is that... ②As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that... It is not only because..., but also because... 实战演练 假设你校《英语学习报》在组织一个关于城市生活问题的讨论。请根据以下内容谈谈你的看法。 1.城市生活的优势; 2.城市生活的劣势; 3.你的观点。 注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 1.重点词汇　①attraction n.有吸引力的特征;有吸引力的事　②as a result of由于　③ignore v.忽视　④suitable adj.合适的;适宜的　⑤convenience n.方便;便利 2.亮点句型 ①When it comes to the advantages of urban life, what comes into my mind are the well⁃established transportation system, quality education and health care as well as comfortable living conditions, which are the main attractions of modern city life.(When it comes to...意为“当谈到……时”;what引导主语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句)当谈到城市生活的优点时,浮现在我脑海里的是完善的交通运输体系,优质的教育和医疗保健以及舒适的生活条件,这些是现代城市生活主要吸引人的地方。  ②Despite the disadvantages above, I still think it suitable for people to live in the city where there are various cultural events and people can enjoy the convenience of modern life.(it作形式宾语,后面的动词不定式作真正的宾语,其中where引导定语从句)尽管有以上的缺点,我仍然认为人们适合生活在城市里,那里有各种各样的文化活动,人们可以享受现代生活的便利。  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit5 Working the Land 话题 校园生活 词汇 1．devote 2．convince 3．assumption 4．consumption 5．extension 6．chemical 7．nutritional8．depth 短语 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如 句型 1．Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life.确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。 4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 语法 主语从句 写作 个人简介 考点1 | devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民的身躯一样。  用法归纳 ①devote oneself to ( ) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事 ②devote...to(doing)sth.把……用于(做)某事,常见搭配有devote one’s life/time/energy/money to (doing)sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力/金钱用于(做)某事 doing 词汇拓展 ①devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 be devoted to...深爱……;对……忠诚 •Throughout the whole of their marriage life, he was devoted to her.在整个婚姻生活中,他都 深爱着她。 ②devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱;关爱 One’s devotion to...某人对……的关爱/奉献 •His devotion to work left him with little free time.他全身心投入工作,几乎没有空闲时间。 All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.总之,现在是我们 致力于保护海洋的时候了。  My English teacher is a kind person, who devotes all her energy to helping t he disabled.我的英语老师是一个善良的人,她把精力全部用于帮助残疾人。 考点2 | shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺 However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。  用法归纳 ①a shortage  ...缺乏…… ②there is  shortage of...不缺少……;……很充裕 1.of 2.on 词汇拓展 ①in short总之;简而言之 ②be short of...缺少……;……不足 •We must face the fact that we are short of water. 我们必须面对缺水这个事实。 ③be short for...是……的简称 ④shorten v.(使)变短 ⑤shortly adv.立刻;不久 shortly after不久之后;很快 The popular restaurant had a shortage of staff.这家受欢迎的餐厅缺乏人手。 There is no shortage of things to do in the home.家里不愁找不到活儿干。 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。  考点3 | convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁(隆平)坚信答案能够在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 用法归纳 ①convince sb. sth.说服某人去做某事 ②convince sb. sth.使某人确信某事 ③convince sb.that...使某人确信……(被动形式为sb. be convinced that...) 1.to do 2.of 词汇拓展 ①convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的 ②convinced adj.深信的;确信的 be/become convinced of/that...确信/深信…… But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。  I gradually became convinced that he had made his fortune in ways that were illegal.我逐渐相信他是通过不合法的方式发了财的。 考点4 | assumption n.假定,设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。 用法归纳 ① the assumption that...假定…… ②make assumptions(  ...)(关于……)做出假设 1.on 2.about 词汇拓展 ①assume v.假定;假设;认为;承担(责任);取得(权力);呈现(外观、样子);显露(特征) It’s (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为…… assume...to be...认为……是…… •Many people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 许多人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢?  •It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.人们普遍认为压力是由过多的工作造成的。 ②assuming (that) conj.假如;假设……为真 The company made some assumptions about the potential market.公司对潜在市场做了一些假设。 We are working on the assumption that the speech contest will be held as planned.我们假定演讲比赛会按计划举办并正就此作出安排。 You’ll need to convince them of your ability to do the job.你要使他们相信你有做这份工作的能力。  He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green...他说要让人们相信海狸鼠的皮毛是环保的并不容易……  He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。  考点5 | comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… 用法归纳 comprise和be comprised 　　     都表示“由……组成”。 of 词汇拓展 ①表示“由……组成”的短语还有be made up of、consist of(一般情况下,不用于被动语态 和进行时)、be composed of。 ②comprise和be comprised of 表示的意思相同,有类似用法的词有face,face与be faced with都可表示“面临,必须对付(某情况)”。 The team which comprises/is comprised of doctors and rescuers was immediately sent to the disaster area.由医生和救援人员组成的团队被立刻派往灾区。 考点6 | in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.这影响了在这片土地上生长的作物,相应地又影响了消化它们的动物和人类。 词汇拓展 ①take turns to do sth./in(doing)sth.轮流做某事(=take a turn doing sth.) We take turns to explain to the residents in our community how to classify garbage.我们轮流向我们社区的居民讲解如何进行垃圾分类。 ②by turns轮流;交替 ③wait one’s turn等着轮到某人 ④It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 It is my turn to do the housework today, so I got up early in the morning.今天轮到我做家务了,所以早上我很早就起床了。 特别提醒 注意in return的意思是“作为回应;作为回报”。 考点7 | essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.它们外表看起来可能很美,但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多,味道也往往不那么鲜美。 用法归纳 ①be essential  ...对……至关重要/必不可少 ②It is essential  ...做……是完全必要的。 ③It is essential that...必须……;……必不可少。 1.to/for 2.to do 考点8 | alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming...作为一种替代选择,一些农民已经转向有机农业…… 用法归纳 ①have no alternative but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事 ②an alternative ...……的替代品 1.to 词汇拓展 ①alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不,或者 ②have no choice/option but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事 He had no alternative but to report it to the police.他别无选择,只好向警方报案。 It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks.它有助于提供含糖饮料的健康替代品。 考点9 | depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);最深处 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物,利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。 用法归纳 ①at/to a depth of在/到……深度 ②  the depths of...在……的深处 ③ depth 全面地;深入地;详细地 ④be out of one’s depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方;非某人所能理解;为某人力所不及 2.in 3.in 词汇拓展 ①deep adv.深深地;在深处;至深处 adj.深的;厚的;有……深的 deep down在内心深处;本质上;实际上 Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.实际上,袁(隆平)在内心深处仍然是 一位农民。 ②deeply adv.很;非常;极其;强烈地,深沉地 ③deepen v.(使)变深;(使情感、感觉等)加强;(使)变糟 The twins are in the depths of despair, and they look around in disappointment.这对双胞胎陷入了绝望的深渊,他们失望地环顾四周。 Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in depth to knowing very little about a lot!也许互联网已经把我们从对少数事情的深入了解变成了对很多事情的知之甚少! 考点10 | root n.根;根茎;根部;根源;起因;起源 v.(使)生根 For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots.例如,花生长在土壤表层,但是许多其他蔬菜则扎根在(土地)深处。 用法归纳 ①the root  ... ……的根源 ②have one’s roots  ...起源于…… ③take root植根;深入人心;生根 ④put down roots生根;定居 ⑤root sb. to the spot使某人呆住不动 1.of 2.in 词汇拓展 rooted adj.源于……的;固定在某地的;稳固的 be rooted in...起源于…… Rock has its roots in the blues.摇滚乐起源于蓝调。 We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.我们需要先弄清问题的根源, 然后才能去解决它。 考点11 |  given that...考虑到/鉴于…… Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到袁隆平(研发)的杂交品种让他相当富有,有人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活。  用法归纳 given that意为“考虑到/鉴于……”,在句中用作连词,引导从句(注意given后的that不能省略)。 结构拓展 ①given prep.只要是;考虑到 Given the present conditions, I think she’s done rather well.考虑到目前的情况,我认为她已经做得相当不错了。 ②considering prep. & conj.考虑到;鉴于(considering作连词,引导从句,也可用considering that引导从句) It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about‘bad’tables,”given that they’re profitable.可以得出结论,考虑到它们是有利可图的,餐馆老板不必 “过分担心‘不好的’餐桌位置”。  考点12 | make+宾语+宾补 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病,甚至致癌。  用法归纳 ①make+宾语+ sth.使/让……做某事 (在被动语态中,不定式符号to要还原,即sb./sth. be made to do sth.) ②make+宾语+ 使……被…… (此结构中,宾语往往是反身代词,如:make oneself understood/heard) ③make+宾语+adj.使……处于某种状态 ④make+宾语+n.使……成为…… ⑤make+it+宾补+to do sth./that从句(当宾语部分较长时,可用 作形式宾语,而把真正 的宾语放在后面) 1.do 2.done 5.it I spoke slowly to make myself understood.我说得很慢,以便大家都能听懂我的话。 Her persistence and efforts made the project a success.她的坚持和努力使计划获得了成功。 As far as I am concerned, the Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.就我而言,互联网让我们的生活变得轻松且便捷。 A lack of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是帮助你。  He made it a rule never to eat between meals.他定了个规矩,两餐之间不吃东西。 一．语法精讲 主语从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中充当主语、宾语表语、同位语等。复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的用法如下: 一、主语从句的引导词 主语从句的引导词有三类,即从属连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(what,who,whom,whose, which,whatever,whoever,whichever)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)。 1.从属连词 That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。 That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。 用法归纳 that引导主语从句时无实际词义,且在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 但① 　 　    省略。 1.不能 (2)whether/if引导主语从句 Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状况而定。 It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。 用法归纳 whether和if引导主语从句时表示“② 　 　     ”, 只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当成分。 2.是否 特别提醒 if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句, 若用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置,则可以用if引导; whether可与or not直接连用,if不可以。 2.连接代词 (1)what引导的主语从句 What color the door will be painted has not been decided yet.门被粉刷成什么颜色还没有决定。 What the situation will be puzzles me.情况会怎样令我困惑。 What caused the leak remains unanswered.导致泄漏的原因仍未得到解答。 What he said was brief but significant.他的讲话虽然简短但是意义重大。 用法归纳 what引导主语从句时起连接作用,在其引导的从句中充当定语、表语、③ 　 　    和④ 　 　     ,表示“……的事物”。 (2)who, whom, whose, which引导的主语从句 3.宾语 4.主语 (3)whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句 Whoever says that is a liar.=Anyone who says that is a liar.任何说那话的人都是骗子。 Whatever he does from now on has nothing to do with me. =Anything that he does from now on has nothing to do with me.从现在起他做的任何事都与我无关。 用法归纳 1)引导主语从句时whoever相当于“⑤ 　 　     +who”, 意为“任何……的人”。 2)引导主语从句时whatever相当于“anything+that”, 意为“任何……的事”。what与whatever有时可互换,二者区别是whatever语气更强烈。 3)whichever用来表示选择,通常前文会提供选择范围。 5.anyone 3.连接副词 Why they didn’t come remained unclear.他们为什么不来一直不清楚。 When he will arrive doesn’t matter. 他什么时候到无关紧要。 How it was done is a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 用法归纳 连接副词引导主语从句时,保留了其疑问词的意思,即why, when, how, where分别意为“为什么”“什么时候”“怎样”“在哪里”,在从句中作⑥ 　 　    。 状语 二、注意事项 What he has accomplished is admirable.他的成就令人钦佩。 What we badly need are doctors.我们急需的是医生。 Whoever made this cake is a real artist.制作了这个蛋糕的人是一位真正的艺术大师。 That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上在她的村子里引起很大轰动。 用法归纳 1)当主语是从句时,谓语动词通常用⑦ 　 　    数;what引导的主语从句有时意义上表示复数, 谓语动词用⑧ 　 　    数。 2)主语从句的语序必须是⑨ 　 　    句语序。 7.单 8.复 9.陈述 三、使用形式主语 it的情况 It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。 It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.他取得如此成就不足为奇。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受伤。 It happened that I was free when he called.他打电话时我碰巧有空。 用法归纳1 为避免句子结构不平衡,头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语即主语从句移到后 面,构成以下句式: 1)It+be+形容词+that从句.(It be necessary/clear/true/strange/important/possible/likely/...+that从句.) 2)It+be+⑩ 　 　    +that从句.(It+be+a fact/a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder/often the case/...+that从句.) 3)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(It+be+reported/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/suggested/...+that从句.) 4)It+特殊动词+that从句.(It+seems/happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference/...+that从句.) 10.名词短语 特别提醒 “It+be+形容词/过去分词+that...”句型中,当形容词是important、necessary、strange等时, 主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;当过去分词是表示建议、命令、要求等的词(如advised、suggested、ordered、required、demanded等)时,主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。 It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准他是何时回来的。 It was clear that my father already had a plan. 很明显我父亲已经有了计划。 It is not clear what they want us to do. 我们不确定他们想要我们做什么。 It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。 用法归纳2 当主句表示“……是不确定/不清楚的”时,主语从句常用when、why、where、what、which、who、whose、how等引导词来引导;当主句表示“……是确定无疑的”时,主语从句常用11. 　 　    来引导。 11.That 单元语法专练 题型(一) 1.It is whispered 　　　　　he refused to reveal the sources of his information.  2.　　　　　 is probable that the disease has a genetic(遗传学的) element.  3.　　　　　 the plan is workable remains to be proved.  4.When they will come 　　　　　(have) not been decided.  5.　　　　　 did this will sooner or later be caught and punished.  6.It is not clear 　　　　　we can do to improve this situation.   7.　　　　　 will demonstrate the new educational software in the meeting hasn't been decided yet.  题型(二) 1.很显然,中国在世界舞台上发挥着越来越重要的作用。(it) 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　China is playing an increasingly important role on the world stage.  2.会议何时召开还未决定。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has not been decided yet.   3.首先,我们能做的是重视我们的日常行为。 First of all, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is to place importance on our daily actions. (2022全国甲写作)  4.我们应该知道的是生活是充满欢笑和泪水的。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is that life is full of laughter and tears. (读后续写—主旨升华)  5.人们建议把会议推迟到下周一。(it作形式主语,suggest) 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　until next Monday.  6.她没有参加六月份的英语演讲比赛的原因还不清楚。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the English speech contest in June is still not clear.  1.that　考查连词。本句中的It是形式主语,设空处在句中充当主语从句的引导词,分析从句的结构可知,从句中不缺少成分且语意完整,故用that引导主语从句。句意:有人私下说,他拒绝透漏他的资料来源。 类比启发 　　本题中,“It is+过去分词+that从句”也可看成是一个固定的句型,类似的表达有:It is suggested that...; It is reported that...; It is assumed that...等。 2.It　考查it作形式主语。此处指“这种疾病很可能有遗传因素”,由句子结构和语境可知,that引导的从句作的是真正的主语,所以此处应用it作形式主语,单词位于句首,首字母应大写,故填It。 3.Whether　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,“　　　 the plan is workable”是一个主语从句,设空处是该主语从句的引导词,此处指“这个计划是否可行还有待证明”,由此可知,设空处表示“是否”,且单词位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Whether。  易错归因 　　本题容易错填If,注意if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句,若有it作形式主语,把主语从句后置时,可用if引导。 4.has　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处及后面的not been decided在句中充当主句中的谓语,而主句的主语是When引导的主语从句,由从句来充当主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。故填has。 5.Whoever　考查连接代词。分析句子结构可知,“　　　 did this”是一个主语从句,设空处是该主语从句的引导词,此处指“无论谁做了这件事,迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚”,设空处表示“无论谁”,且单词位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Whoever。  6.what　考查连接代词。本句中的It是形式主语,设空处在句中充当主语从句的引导词,分析从句的结构可知,设空处作do的宾语,此处指做的事情,应填what。 7.Who　考查连接代词。分析句子结构可知,“　　　will demonstrate the new educational software in the meeting”是一个主语从句,设空处是该主语从句的引导词,且在从句中充当主语,此处指“谁将在会议上演示那个新的教学软件还没有决定”,由此可知应填Who(注意单词位于句首,首字母大写)。  题型(二) 1.It is obvious that　2.When the meeting will be held 3.what we can do　4.What we should know　5.It is suggested that;should be put off　6.Why she didn􀆳t take part in　能力提升练 二．写作精讲 关于农业的议论文 写作题目 　　假定你是李华,最近,你班开展了主题为“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文活动。请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你的观点; 2.做出该选择的理由。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。 In my opinion, 　　　farming is preferable to 　　　farming because 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 思路点拨 主题 关于农业的讨论 体裁 议论文 布局 第一段:表明观点,认为有机农业好(或化学农业好)。 第二段:写明自己的选择的理由。以有机农业为例:1.对环境友好;2.对健康有益;3.促进食欲。 第三段:再次肯定自己的观点,与首段相呼应。 人称 第一人称、第三人称 时态 一般现在时 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.　　　　adj.与化学有关的;化学的  2.　　　　n.营养;滋养  3.　　　　adj.完全必要的;极其重要的  4.　　　　n.矿物;矿物质  5.　　　　n.味道;特点;特色  6.　　　　　　富含……的  答案　1.chemical　2.nutrition　3.essential4.mineral　5.flavour　6.be rich in Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第二段:写明自己的选择的理由 (1)不含化肥的有机农业旨在使土壤肥沃,对环境无疑是友好的。 　　　　 　　　　keep the soil rich, organic farming, which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　chemical fertilizers, is undoubtedly friendly to the environment.  (2)患癌症的人数在上升,我们应该更注意我们的食物。 The number of people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is on the rise and we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat.   (3)有机食物富含矿物质和维生素,它能确保我们摄入必要的营养,并且减少患潜在的严重疾病的可能性。 Organic food 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　minerals and vitamins. It guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reducing the likelihood of potential serious disease.   (4)我们都知道化学农业生产出来的食物吃起来没有滋味。 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　food produced from chemical farming tastes flavourless.   (5)有机农业能保全食物的自然风味,进而刺激我们的食欲。 Organic farming can secure the natural flavour of the food, thus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  答案　(1)Intended to;is free of　(2)diagnosed with cancer　(3)is rich in　(4)We all know that　(5)stimulating our appetite 2.句式升级 (6)用with的复合结构改写句(2) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  (7)用形容词短语作状语将句(3)中的两个简单句合并为一个句子 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  (8)将句(4)改写为含有主语从句的主从复合句后用while与句(5)合并 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案　(6)With the number of people diagnosed with cancer on the rise, we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat. (7)Rich in minerals and vitamins, organic food guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reducing the likelihood of potential serious disease. (8)It is widely known that food produced from chemical farming tastes flavourless while organic farming can secure the natural flavour of the food, thus stimulating our appetite. 连句成篇 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  参考范文 In my opinion, organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of its significant advantages over the latter. Details are as follows.   Intended to keep the soil rich, organic farming, which is free of chemical fertilizers, is undoubtedly friendly to the environment.With the number of people diagnosed with cancer on the rise, we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat. Rich in minerals and vitamins, organic food guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reducing the likelihood of potential serious disease. It is widely known that food produced from chemical farming tastes flavourless while organic farming can secure the natural flavour of the food, thus stimulating our appetite. In conclusion, with all these factors taken into account, preference should be given to organic farming. 写作积累 议论文常用句式 1.表明观点 ①Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should... Our opinions are divided on this topic. Most students are in favor of... ②Some people hold the opinion that...is superior to...in many ways. Others, however, argue that...is better. 2.陈述理由 ①There are many reasons why I prefer... The main reason is that... Another reason is that... ②As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that... It is not only because..., but also because... 实战演练 假设你校《英语学习报》在组织一个关于城市生活问题的讨论。请根据以下内容谈谈你的看法。 1.城市生活的优势; 2.城市生活的劣势; 3.你的观点。 注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 One possible version: When it comes to the advantages of urban life, what comes into my mind are the well⁃established transportation system, quality education and health care as well as comfortable living conditions, which are the main attractions of modern city life. However, as a result of the widespread use of modern vehicles and boosting industry, there are some disadvantages that can􀆳t be ignored. For instance, traffic jams have become a big headache for the people driving to and from work. Besides, noise and harmful smoke pose a threat to people􀆳s health. Despite the disadvantages above, I still think it suitable for people to live in the city where there are various cultural events and people can enjoy the convenience of modern life. 1.重点词汇　①attraction n.有吸引力的特征;有吸引力的事　②as a result of由于　③ignore v.忽视　④suitable adj.合适的;适宜的　⑤convenience n.方便;便利 2.亮点句型 ①When it comes to the advantages of urban life, what comes into my mind are the well⁃established transportation system, quality education and health care as well as comfortable living conditions, which are the main attractions of modern city life.(When it comes to...意为“当谈到……时”;what引导主语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句)当谈到城市生活的优点时,浮现在我脑海里的是完善的交通运输体系,优质的教育和医疗保健以及舒适的生活条件,这些是现代城市生活主要吸引人的地方。  ②Despite the disadvantages above, I still think it suitable for people to live in the city where there are various cultural events and people can enjoy the convenience of modern life.(it作形式宾语,后面的动词不定式作真正的宾语,其中where引导定语从句)尽管有以上的缺点,我仍然认为人们适合生活在城市里,那里有各种各样的文化活动,人们可以享受现代生活的便利。  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$