Unit 4 Adversity and courage 单词知识清单-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

班级： 姓名： Perseverance is the soul of success. Unit4 Adversity and courage 单词知识点清单 一 1. adversity /ad'va:səti/ n.困境;逆境 构词：ad做+vers转+e 逆反的 adverse adj.不利的，有害的；反面的 in the face of adversity 面对逆境 He overcame many personal adversities.多次身处逆境,他都挺了过来。 As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue. 烈火炼真金，逆境见美德。 2.wage /weɪdʒ/ n.工资 a weekly wage of £200 周薪200英镑 wage cuts 减薪 a wage increase/rise of 3% 3%的加薪 earn a living wage 谋生,挣工资 同义词辨析： salary/pay/wage ·salary 常指教师、经理、医生等专业人员按月领取的薪金。 ·pay 指做完具体工作给的报酬。 ·wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 3. bitter /'brtə(r)/ adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 bitter cold 严寒 a bitter wind 刺骨寒风 a long and bitter dispute一场漫长而激烈的争论 come out with a bitter smile苦笑着出来 bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地;极其,非常 the beer's bitter taste 啤酒的苦味 bitter chocolate 带苦味的巧克力 熟词生义:bitter还可以表示“充满怨恨的,带来痛苦的”。 a bitter old man一位满腹怨恨的老人 stir up bitter memories 勾起痛苦的回忆 If he failed, it would be a bitter disappointment to his parents. 如果他不成功，他父母会伤心失望。 4. endurance /ɪnˈdʊrəns/ n.忍耐力;耐久力 派生：endure v. 忍耐，容忍+ -ance 情况 powers of endurance 耐力 an endurance test一次耐力测试 show remarkable endurance表现出非凡的忍耐力 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 endure vt.容忍,忍耐 can't endure doing/to do sth.不能容忍做某事 This event tests both physical and mental endurance. 这个比赛项目既是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。 5. vigour(NAmE vigor)/vigə(r)/ n.精力;力量;活力 a young lad with plenty of vigour一个充满活力的小伙子 take vigorous exercise for several hours a week 每周做几个小时的剧烈运动 vigorous adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的 a vigorous young man 身强力壮的年轻人 I tackled my assignments with vigour. 凭着充沛的精力，我完成了分派给我的任务。 6.turn sb.down 拒绝(某人) turn down 调低 turn up 出现;到达;调高 turn out结果是,证明是 turn to求助于;翻到 turn around 转身 turn on接通(电流、水等);打开 turn off关掉 turn over 翻身;翻转;移交 turn in 上交;退还 He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.他请求她嫁给他,但是她回绝了。 7.qualified /ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd/ adj.符合资格;具备···的知识(或事;符合做某事的资格技能、学历等) be qualified for 具备·····的学历/资历/知识/技能 be qualified to do sth.具备资历做某 a qualified lawyer取得执业资格的律师 qualify v.使具备·资格 be highly/suitably/fully qualified高度/正好/完全符合资格 qualification n.资格;学历;资历 disqualification n.取消资格;剥夺资格 I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified for the job. 我写信是想申请加入其中，我认为我能胜任这份工作。 8. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/ adj.热情的;热心的 派生：enthusi 热心+-astic...的 be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)某事感兴趣,对(做)某事热心 an enthusiastic supporter热心的支持者 an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎 enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情,热忱 with(great)enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm充满热情 I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. 我一直是个热心的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。 9. aboard /əˈbɔːrd/ adv&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 区分:abroad adv.在国外,到国外 go aboard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上 Welcome aboard!欢迎乘坐! All aboard!请大家上船/火车/公共汽车! 形近词:abroad adv.在国外;到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 They are the last to go aboard. 他们是最后上船的。 10.assign /əˈsaɪn/ vt.分派;布置;分配 assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth.给某人分派某任务 assign sb. to/as sth.指派某人做某工作/担任某职务 Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading.偶尔，我会阅读指定的小说，但我不喜欢这种类型的阅读。 assignment n.(分派的)工作,任务 three written assignments三项书面作业 on assignment受委派 a tough assignment 项艰巨的任务 11.envy /'envi/ n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 the envy of sb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象 out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy 羡慕地,妒忌地 envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事 envy sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕某人 envious adj.羡慕的;忌妒的 People can't help envying them for their wages and lifestyle. 人们禁不住羡慕他们的收入和生活方式。 12.be/get/become stuck in被困在··· be/get stuck in a traffic jam 遇到交通堵塞 be/get trapped in (=be/get stuck in)被困在·····. be/get caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等) 常用过去分词 stuck in, trapped in, caught in 作状语或定语。 常用的“get+过去分词”结构: get hurt 受伤害 get cured 被治愈 get invited 被邀请 get broken 坏了 get punished 受到惩罚 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 发动机熄火了，我们被困在湖中央。 13.well and truly完全地,彻底地 By that time we were well and truly lost.那时候我们已经完全迷路了。 I'd rather not make any big purchases until we are well and truly out of debt. 在我们完全摆脱债务之前，我宁愿不买任何大件东西。 拓：yours truly(用于正式信函末尾署名前) 14.crush /krʌʃ/ vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎n.拥挤的人群 搭：be crushed to death 压死 get crushed 被压坏/压碎 a big crush in the theatre bar剧院酒吧里拥挤不堪的人群 The tree fell and crushed my car. 树倒了,把我的汽车压坏了 I couldn't find a way through the crush. 人太挤，我挤不过去。 15.sink /sɪŋk/ vi.(sank /sænk/or sunk/sgk/,sunk)沉没;下沉;下降vt使下沉;使沉没n.洗碗槽 搭：sink to the bottom of沉到······的底部 the sinking sun 落日 拓：sink一词多义:倒下;颓然坐下(尤因疲倦或虚弱);陷入 sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上 sink down沉落 sink into poverty 陷入贫困中 a sinking feeling不祥的感觉;沮丧之情 be sunk in thought陷人沉思 At the news that he would be put on trial, his heart sank. 听到他要受审的消息，他的心一沉。 16. abandon /əˈbændən/ vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 abandon ship 弃船 abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to沉湎于(某种情感) 拓：an abandoned farm废弃的农场 abandoned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的 an abandoned car被抛弃的小汽车 an abandoned child 被遗弃的孩子 The heavy snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车。 17.belongings /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋz/ n.[pl.]财物;动产 belong vi 适应;应在(某处) 拓：personal belongings个人物品 拓：常用复数形式的名词: earnings薪水 belongings 财物 findings 调研结果 savings 储蓄金 goods货物 woods树林 tears 泪水 ruins 废墟 congratulations 祝贺 surroundings环境instructions 指示;说明 Remember to take your personal belongings with you when you get off the bus. 下公共汽车时记得带上你的个人物品。 18.keep one's spirits up保持某人高昂的情绪 拓：a team spirit 团队精神 a spirit of adventure 冒险精神 in low/high spirits情绪低落/高涨 raise/lift one's spirits振奋某人的情绪 spirit表示“情绪”时,用复数形式 one's spirits rise/lift/sink某人高兴起来/情绪低落 They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 他们情绪低落地来到教室，然后带着微笑离开。 19.miserable /ˈmɪzrəb(ə)l/ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的 miserably adv.痛苦地;非常难受地;悲惨地 look miserable一副闷阿不乐的样子 miserable conditions恶劣的条件 拓： wander around miserably可怜兮兮地四处游荡 a miserably cold day令人难受的寒冷天气 We were cold, wet and thoroughly miserable. 我们又冷又湿，难受极了。 20.voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n.&vi.航海; 航行 an around-the-world voyage环球航行 on the voyage out/home出航途中/归航途中 a voyage in space 航天 go on/make/take a voyage去航海(强调动作) be on a voyage在航海(强调状态) make/take a voyage to..航海到···... make/take a voyage to Africa 航海去非洲 辨：各种“旅行”: 海上航行用voyage;长途陆路用journey;短途短期用trip;旅游观光用tour;travel用法最普遍,特别用来指“游记”。 The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. 泰坦尼克号首航便沉没了。 He saw life as a voyage of discovery. 他把生命看作是一次发现之旅。 21.make it准时到达;获得成功;设法做成 拓： make it to(尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上 make it to the airport just in time及时到达机场 联：make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成 make up for 补偿;弥补 make sense 讲得通;有意义 make one's way(to)去,前往 make use of利用,使用 make the most of充分利用(=make full use of) According to the timetable,the train is due to leave in five minutes. We'll never make it. 根据时刻表，火车再有5分钟就开了，我们绝对赶不上了。 22.decent /ˈdiːsnt/ adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 decently adv.正派地;得体地 a decent meal/job/place to live相当不错的饭菜/工作/住所 ordinary,decent,hard-working people勤劳、正派的普通人 a decent burial体面的葬礼 Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy. 人人都说他是个品行端正的小伙子。 23.cosy /ˈkoʊzi/ adj.温馨的;舒适的 a cosy little room温暖舒适的小房间 a cosy feeling惬意的感觉 warm and cosy暖和又舒适 I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire. 坐在炉火旁，我感到又暖和又舒服。 24.hold on等一等;坚持住;(电话用语)别挂断 hold on until help arrives坚持直到援助到来 拓： hold on to 抓紧,不松开 hold on to my arm抓住我的手臂 联： hold back 阻止;抑制(眼泪等) hold up 延迟;阻碍 He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己滑落。 25. selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj.自私的 selfishly adv .自私地 selfless adj . 无私的 selflessly adv无私地；忘我地 搭 selfish behaviour 自私的行为 It is selfish of sb . to do sth .某人做某事是自私的。 selfless devotion to their work他们对工作的无私奉献 work selflessly 忘我工作 Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. 那些因自私拒绝冒险的人会害了其他人。 26. good / bad -tempered adj ．脾气好的/坏的 搭 a happy and good - tempered child 一个快乐而且脾气很好的孩子 a horse that is quiet and good - tempered 一匹安静且温顺的马 She gets very bad-tempered when she's tired. 她累的时候就爱发脾气。 When his headaches developed, Nick became bad-tempered and even violent.尼克的头疼发作时，他变得焦躁易怒，甚至暴躁。 27. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj .真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 fake adj. 假的 搭 genuine diamond / gold 真钻石/真金 genuine love 真诚的爱 genuine signature 亲笔签名 genuine welcome 真诚的欢迎国 genuine / genius （形近比较） genuine adj.真正的；真诚的 genius n .天才 This medal is made of genuine gold. 这枚奖章是真金制成的。 It's his genuine signature. 这是他的亲笔签名。 28. perseverance /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrəns/ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persevere /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/ vi.坚持；孜孜以求 搭 full of energy and perseverance充满活力和毅力 persevere in an attempt to do sth .坚持尝试做某事 persevere with the piano lessons孜孜不倦地学习钢琴 Perseverance is what it takes to do everything well.毅力是做好一切所需要的。 29. resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ vi .& vt .决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念 搭 resolve a dispute 解决争端 resolve a conflict 解决冲突 resolve a problem 解决问题 resolve to do sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve that ... 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve on sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve on doing sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n .决议；解决；坚定 表示"解决"的单词和短语还有：solve settle address work out figure out 拓 pass / adopt / carry a resolution 通过一项决议 make a resolution to do sth . 决定做某事 owe a great deal to Mike ' s resolution 主要归功于迈克的坚定决心 The question could not be resolved, at least not to my satisfaction.这个难题无法解决，至少达不到让我满意的程度。 We had resolved on making/to make an early start.我们已决定早点动身。 She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often.她决定要多走亲戚。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$