专题04 新八省高考阅读理解新闻报道议论文通关20篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练 专题04 新八省高考阅读理解新闻报道+议论文通关20篇 原卷版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） ( 新闻报道 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 一、新闻报道类阅读理解思维导图 2、 新闻报道类阅读理解语篇特点 近年来，英美国家主流媒体已经成为全国各省市高考阅读理解命题文章的主流题源，如《时代》、《科学美国人》、《洛杉矶时报》、《卫报》等。命题文章话题涵盖广泛，有关于政治经济的时文报道，有社会生活中发生的大小事件，还有个人成长的经历趣闻。新闻类语篇在写作手法上遵循的原则是“keep it short and simple”，简称KISS原则。高考所选取的新闻类文章主要采取“导语（lead）——主体（body）——结尾（end）”的结构模式。新闻类语篇有以下几个特点： 1.主题明确突出 新闻类文章的内容围绕某个新闻事件或人物展开，文章主题经常会出现在导语部分。导语一般是文章第一或第一、二段，用简明生动的语言将新闻最具价值、最新鲜的内容或典型例子放在开头，引出文章主题。导语部分通常能全部或部分回答who、what、when、where、why、how等问题。正文主要是对导语部分所提供的主题信息的相关细节进行解释和深化，此部分以记叙或者说明为主。结尾再一次总结中心思想，以强调、启发、或号召等方式结束，也有的新闻文章没有明显的结束语。 2.信息准确客观 新闻报道强调客观性，一般以第三人称为主，客观报道事实、描述事件或陈述观点。所提供的细节信息，如时间、人物、地点、因果等都有明确的出处或来源。作者一般不表达自己的观点，而是通过引语，包括直接和间接引语，来陈述相关人士的态度和观点。 3.语言简洁风趣 新闻类语篇既要做到观点明确，又要做到表达有力和叙述生动，因此十分讲究语言的趣味性，用浓缩的语言表达丰富的内容。用词平实易懂，精炼简洁。 三、新闻报道类阅读理解解题策略 1.浏览文章，判断文体考 生在做阅读理解题时一定要有“文体意识”，即结合文章体裁的文体特征，紧扣主旨理解文章。具体到新闻类文体，首先通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇。然后，根据文章结构特点和题型特点可以去文章相应部分寻找答案，这样可以节约时间、有的放矢。例如：文章主旨、写作意图题一般对应文章导语部分。 2.利用导语，掌握核心 导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和社会现象背后的原因等最凝练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。例如：2020全国高考III卷C篇，探讨了英国社会中由于多方压力，一家人几代同堂的现状。第31题“What is the text mainly about?”就是导语的侧面考查。通过结合下文的例子和数据分析，我们知道这种选择多是同住一室的家庭越来越多，因此全文讲述的是人们居住方式的一种新的趋势。 3.深入细节，定位分析 细节判断题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时考生要有“题目意识”，即由题干关键词把握命题意图和答题要点，解题时多使用“同义转换”或者“综合归纳”两种方法。多数情况下，选项会对原文信息进行同义转换，即原文信息的另外一种表达。相反，选项中如果出现了原文出现过的词句，应当引起警觉，谨防受到“偷梁换柱”的迷惑干扰。有时候细节散落在多个句子，或者在不同段落中都有提到，考生应该分析事件之间的关联、人物与事件的关联、社会现象背后的原因和结果的关联等等，进行综合归纳。如果是以记叙为主，则需要抓住“何人、何时、何为、何因、何果”几要素，这几大要素也是题目的着眼点。4. 结合主旨，理解引语 引语是新闻类文章中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关方面的态度、观点，用来佐证支撑主旨。在答题时要有“语境意识”，即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人的情感态度。 ( 议论 文 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 一、考情分析 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 1. 语言与结构特点 议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 2. 答题误区 议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。 二、解题秘籍 1.抓住论点找主旨。 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构。 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 3. 体会语言特点。 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 4.注意干扰项特点。 ①包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 ②正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 ④同形项原则 命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则 议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则 阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解议论文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 新八省最新 名校 模拟试题 ) 【新八省阅读·新闻报道01】（24-25高三上·四川·阶段练习） Carburetors (化油器) may represent old- school technology in the automobile world. However, Riley Schlick, a high school senior in Florida, rebuilds them for a tidy profit. Once a vital piece of equipment for cars, carburetors adjust the air- fuel mixture for internal combustion engines (内燃机). In its simplest form, a carburetor takes in air from one end and forces it through a narrow section that causes the air to speed up and the pressure to drop. As a result, the falling pressure creates a vacuum that draws in air and fuel through another hole in the side, which gathers dirt and generates performance problems. Chemical carburetor cleaners sometimes address the issues, but not the way a full rebuild can. That’s where Schlick’s Bradenton- based business Riley’s Rebuilds comes in. Schlick learned how to do the work from her dad, Dane Trask, who rebuilds classic cars as a hobby. He showed her how to do it, and also made use of some online instructional videos. “She picked it up easily,” he said. Schlick and her staff — her school friends Dagny, Katie, Amelia, and Elaine — unbox a carburetor that arrives in the mail and first document its basic information such as origin and model number before they get the device ready to break down. The team soda blasts (强速喷射) the body to remove the dirt and dust and then blows it to clear any remaining soda bits.“ We use soda blasting instead of sand or glass because it’s gentler. And the soda doesn’t get stuck in the carburetors,” Schick said. Once the dirt is gone, they dry the carburetor thoroughly and put it back together. Riley’s Rebuilds charges $145 and up to rebuild a carburetor and send it back to its owner. On average, the team works on 20 or more carburetors a week. Carburetors look complicated and difficult, but actually they are not. From a business standpoint, it is a growing market for Schlick and for younger kids. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the features of a full rebuild. B．To stress the limitations of chemical cleaners. C．To introduce the working principle of carburetors. D．To highlight the significance of Riley’s Rebuilds. 2．What do we know about Schlick from paragraph 3? A．She is quick to learn. B．She runs a family business. C．She enjoys surfing online. D．She is really into classic cars. 3．Why does the team use soda as the cleaning material? A．It’s carburetor-friendly. B．It’s custom-tailored. C．It’s readily available. D．It’s cost-effective. 4．Which of the following can best describe Schlick’s business? A．Flexible and sustainable. B．Fruitful and promising. C．Competitive but profitable. D．Demanding but manageable. 【新八省阅读·新闻报道02】（24-25高三上·四川成都·开学考试） For years, Egyptologists have hotly debated how the massive pyramids (金字塔) of ancient Egypt (埃及) were built more than 4,000 years ago. Now, a team of engineers and geologists brings a new theory to the table—a water lift device that would have floated the heavy stones up through the middle of Egypt’s oldest pyramid using stored water. Ancient Egyptians built the Step Pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser in the 27th century BC, and it was the tallest structure at the time, coming in at about 62 meters tall. But how exactly the structure was erected, with a number of stones weighing in at 300 kilograms, has remained a centuries-old mystery, according to the study published Monday in the journal PLOS One. “Many detailed publications have discussed pyramid-building procedures and provided real examples, but these usually focus on more recent, better-documented, and smaller pyramids of the Middle and New Kingdoms (1,980 to 1,075 BC),” said lead author Dr. Xavier Landreau, CEO of Paleotechnic, a privately owned research institute in Paris that studies ancient technologies. “The techniques involved could include ramps (活动坡道), cranes (起重机), or a combination of these methods,” he added in an email. “But what about the Old Kingdom pyramids (2,675 to 2,130 BC), which are much bigger? While human strength and ramps may be the only construction force for small structures, other techniques may have been used for large pyramids.” Using a combined approach, the new paper was the first to report a system matching the Step Pyramid’s internal architecture, the authors wrote. A complex water treatment system drawing upon local resources could have created a water-powered elevator within the pyramid’s internal vertical passage. Some type of float would have raised the heavy stones up the middle of the pyramid, according to the study. 1．What does the underlined word “erected” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changed. B．Designed. C．Built. D．Destroyed. 2．Which may play a role in building small pyramids according to Dr. Landreau? A．People and ramps. B．Ramps and cranes. C．People and cranes. D．Water and ramps. 3．What is the main advantage of the water lift device in building pyramids? A．It simplifies the use of ramps. B．It helps to make heavy stones raised. C．It increases the weight of the stones. D．It uses some resources for treatment. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Water Lift Theory: A New View on Pyramid Construction B．Recent Researches on the Stories of Egypt’s Small Pyramid C．A Historical Debate: Egypt’s Pyramid Construction Secrets D．Exploring Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Construction Mysteries 【新八省阅读·新闻报道03】（24-25高三上·四川·开学考试） The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line. All went smoothly, aside from a minor mess- up by Emirati pilot Ahmed al-Shehhi, who reportedly crashed into the water during his heat. Fortunately, he quickly rose to the water surface and gave a thumbs-up before being picked up by a rescue crew. Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it’s possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal. If the suits remind you of a certain billionaire superhero, you’re not alone. It seems that the founder of Gravity Industries also drew some inspiration from the Marvel Universe. “The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race. “And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added. Understandably, the technology doesn’t come cheap. If you fancy getting your hands on a custom- made jet-suit from Gravity Industries, expect a price tag of at least £380, 000. It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run. 1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The definition of horsepower. B．The features of F1 technology. C．The conditions of using jet- suits. D．The introduction of the jet- suits. 2．How did Richard Browning feel after the race? A．Confident. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Concerned. 3．What can we know about the new technology of Gravity Industries? A．It has its medical value. B．It is affordable for everyone. C．It can be used in rescue work. D．It has been adopted by the police. 4．What is the aim of this passage? A．To compare. B．To entertain. C．To inform. D．To persuade. 【新八省阅读·新闻报道04】（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习） Fully self-driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren’t exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals. The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights’ Red-Yellow-Green phases aren’t just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments. Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real-time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times. To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates(激活)whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light’s transition time to red. Additionally, such inter-connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do-Not-Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety. 1．What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)? A．They have settled traffic jam problems. B．They have become popular in urban areas. C．They will take the place of other vehicles. D．They may not be widely used in the future. 2．What does the “white” light do? A．It tells drivers to stop. B．It helps drivers avoid traffic jams. C．It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster. D．It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light? A．Neutral. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 4．What is probably the text? A．A news report. B．A research paper. C．A commercial ad. D．A science fiction. 【新八省阅读·新闻报道05】（24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试） CHRISTMAS 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33- year- old son had lost his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her2007 car broke down. She had no means of paying for it to be fixed. “When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, now I don’t have transportation. How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives?” Eliot Middleton, 38, the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic who, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficulty from her nephew Frank McClary. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up at Lee’s home with a gift: a white1993 Oldsmobile. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” said Lee. Once again, she’s able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. The idea for the used- car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles because they didn’t have cars. Cars are a lifeline in this part of South Carolina, Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping. So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs (烤排骨), for broken- down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than100 cars in various states of disrepair. “People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.” 1．What happened to Lee around Christmas 2020? A．Her car was lost. B．The Christmas upset her. C．Her son was seriously ill. D．She suffered misfortunes. 2．In what way did Middleton help Lee? A．He gave away a car to Lee. B．He sold a second- hand car to Lee. C．He invited Lee to eat in his restaurant. D．He picked up Lee’s grandchildren from school. 3．How did Middleton get so many second- hand cars? A．By posting an offer for car donation. B．By exchanging his food with car owners. C．By cooking best- selling food in his restaurant. D．By buying abandoned cars and repairing them. 4．What can be the best title for this story? A．Kindness on Auto B．Trade Cars for Food C．Heartbreaker or Angel D．Freedom Guaranteed by Cars 【新八省阅读·新闻报道06】（24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习） China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little- explored far side of the moon in a global first. The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China on Tuesday afternoon. “I now declare that the Chang’e 6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” Zhang Kejian, director of the China National Space Administration, said in a televised news conference after the landing. Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides. The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑), contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side. The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole — Aitken Basin, an impact crater created more than 4 billion years ago. The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin, which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology (年表), such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock. China in recent years has launched multiple successful missions to the moon, collecting samples from the moon’s near side with the Chang’e 5probe previously. They are also hoping that the probe will return with material that bears traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon’s past. That material could shed light on the solar system’s early days. There’s a theory that the moon acted as a vacuum (真空) cleaner of sorts, attracting all the meteorites in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth, said Richard de Grijs, who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute. 1．What makes Chang’e 6’s mission unique in lunar exploration history? A．Landing on the moon’s South Pole. B．Confirming lunar water presence. C．Collecting the moon’s far-side samples. D．Returning samples from the near side. 2．What may distinguish the moon’s far side from its near side? A．Fewer craters. B．Earth visibility. C．Rough lands. D．Plains dominance. 3．What might the Chang’e 6’s samples help to know? A．Lunar internal activity. B．Origin of the moon. C．Moon’s formation timeline. D．Earth’s impact on the moon. 4．What role might the moon have played in the early solar system according to Richard de Grijs? A．Creating the solar system. B．Causing meteorites to form. C．Attracting meteorites for study. D．Protecting Earth from meteorites. 【新八省阅读·新闻报道07】（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试） Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well-being by the end of the week. Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget-friendly eating. Julia’s grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week’s living. For the first five days, the mum’s breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost-effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day. By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget. Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia’s experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources. 1．Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge? A．To promote a new way of living. B．To test the quality of food at Walmart. C．To develop budget-friendly eating habits. D．To see if she could survive on a strict budget. 2．What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose? A．It was too complicated. B．It fitted her budget and nutrition. C．It was out of a random choice. D．It was full of her favourite staples. 3．How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge? A．By preparing less staples. B．By skipping breakfast. C．By snacking unnecessarily. D．By cooking more food each time. 4．How was Julia’s overall experience during the challenge? A．She ate well and felt satisfied. B．She struggled with her budget. C．She suffered hunger sometimes. D．She found it tough to continue. 【新八省阅读·议论文08】（24-25高三上·山西大同·阶段练习） I heard some good news recently. My 91-year-old grandfather called me to test his new hearing aid. For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice. It thrilled us both. I soon found out there was another reason my grandparents were so happy — their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家), Anna. Unlike the previous providers they’d been dealing with, Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only ensured the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it. Such kindness might sound rare, but I’ve since started wondering: What if it’s more common than we think? It started with some research that showed people often underestimate(低估)the willingness of strangers to engage with, or even befriend them. Then I came across a study that suggested news coverage of current affairs tends to be more negative than positive because humans tend to give negative events more attention. Negative stories can attract our attention and prepare us for disappointment. But if we don’t engage with positive ones, they might lead us to be more critical of the world, more defensive and less hopeful than we need to be. So I think sometimes what we hear, see, or even know might not be the whole picture. The truth might be hidden from us, requiring us to notice and discover it. We could start by asking ourselves whether we are focusing more on negative or positive stories and whether we are letting negative news surround us. Maybe even paying more attention to good news or making a point of sharing good news will help. Anna’s attitude was remarkable. She went beyond the call of duty and, upon leaving, refused to accept anything but words as thanks. Why not remind ourselves that, for all of the bad that’s in the world and in the news, behind the scenes, in people’s ordinary lives, lie untold stories of extraordinary good. 1．How was Anna different from previous audiologists? A．She offered her patients personal assistance. B．She displayed more patience and professionalism. C．She refused to accept payment for the hearing aid. D．She paid little attention to her patients’ needs. 2．Why are news reports on current events usually more negative than positive? A．To warn people of potential risks. B．To attract audiences more effectively. C．To encourage people to seek out the truth. D．To reveal the harshness of reality. 3．What is a potential consequence of focusing only on negative stories? A．Improved ability to cope with stress. B．Increased optimism and hope. C．A reduced sense of security. D．A more objective view of the world. 4．What does the author suggest people do? A．Take advantage of others’ kindness. B．Share only positive news stories. C．Pay less attention to negative news. D．Maintain a positive outlook on the world. 【新八省阅读·议论文09】（24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试） You have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “Men have become the tools of their tools.” That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1．What does “contrarian” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A defender of a right. B．A supporter of an idea. C．An objector to a value. D．An advocate of a principle. 2．Why did Thoreau escape to the woods? A．He was abandoned by society. B．He tried to prove his independence. C．He enjoyed adventures in the forest. D．He was fed up with busy industrial life. 3．Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To discuss the effect of modernization. B．To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C．To highlight the extensive use of technology. D．To show the convenience of technological tools. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Quitting social media. B．Withdrawing into the woods. C．Using technology wisely. D．Living an extremely simple life. 【新八省阅读·议论文10】（24-25高三上·陕西渭南·阶段练习） Globalization has reshaped the world in profound ways, joining nations closely together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While many celebrate the economic opportunities it brings, globalization also poses significant challenges to local cultures, which can be overshadowed by a homogenizing global culture. This raises a complex debate: Does globalization enrich local cultures or endanger them? On one hand, globalization allows for an unprecedented exchange of ideas, customs, and values. It exposes individuals to diverse cultures, promoting understanding and tolerance among different societies. For example, international festivals and food fairs introduce people to foreign cuisines and traditions, enriching their cultural experience and broadening their worldviews. However, the other side of this cultural exchange is often a dilution of distinct local identities. As global brands dominate markets worldwide, local businesses and traditions can struggle to survive. The widespread existence of fast food chains like McDonald’s and Starbucks in cities around the world is a proof to this trend. This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place. Furthermore, the pressure to adapt to global market demands often reshapes local cultures in ways that prioritize profitability over genuineness. Traditional crafts and practices are commercialized and removed of their original meaning to appeal to mass markets. This can lead to a shallow understanding of cultural symbols, which are disassociated from their rich historical contexts. Despite these challenges, globalization is not necessarily a disaster for local cultures. Many communities have turned globalization to their advantage by promoting cultural tourism and exporting local products that represent their unique traditions and histories. This not only helps preserve cultural identities but also supports local economies. In conclusion, globalization presents both opportunities and threats to local cultures. It enriches cultural understanding on a global scale while also risking the erosion of unique cultural identities. The challenge lies in finding a balance that respects and preserves local traditions while engaging with the global community. 1．How does globalization contribute positively to cultural understanding? A．By removing all cultural differences. B．By increasing the profitability of local businesses. C．By enforcing a uniform educational system worldwide. D．By introducing people to various cultures and promoting tolerance. 2．Which statement best describes a challenge posed by globalization to local cultures? A．Globalization promotes understanding and tolerance. B．Globalization has no significant impact on local cultures. C．Globalization leads to the loss of unique cultural landmarks. D．Globalization primarily supports local economies through cultural tourism. 3．What does the underlined word “dilution” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recognition. B．Strengthener. C．Mission. D．Reduction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Globalization: A Double-Edged Sword for Local Cultures B．The Benefits of Globalization for Cultural Exchange C．Preserving Local Cultures in a Globalized World D．The Threats of Globalization to Local Identities 【新八省阅读·议论文11】（24-25高三上·青海西宁·开学考试） John Dryden, an English poet who died in 1700, once said, “Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.” In 19th- century America, successful families were also said to “go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves” in that length of time. In Asia, there is an identical saying that family wealth could not pass three generations. As a rising share of the world’s wealthiest comes from Asia, the three-generation hypothesis (假想) is being tested once again. Overall, the results of the three-generation test so far look encouraging for Asia’s wealthiest families. What has helped the wealthiest families to survive the test is the education that the younger generations have received. While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America. As a result, they are far worldlier than their elders, who built their fortunes on local businesses in periods of rapid economic development. John Riady, the child of an Indonesian family that owns Lippo Karawaci, attended Georgetown University, before earning an MBA at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a law degree from Columbia University. Isha Ambani, daughter of Mukesh Ambani, graduated from Yale and then Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business in 2018. At the same time, they are more sharply aware of their responsibility to avoid one of the traditional traps: putting relationship before anything else. Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries. In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders. 1．What do “shirtsleeves” most probably stand for in the first paragraph? A．Being poor. B．Being generous. C．Being stupid. D．Being lazy. 2．What does the author say about the richest younger generations in Asia? A．They are much wiser. B．They are more responsible. C．They are better educated. D．They are more experienced. 3．What do the younger leaders of the big family businesses stress? A．Western education. B．Social connection. C．Close relationship. D．Professional management. 4．What does the author advise the children of the wealthiest families to do? A．Get big contracts with dirty tricks. B．Learn from their grandparents and parents. C．Stay away from the powerful interest groups. D．Establish rules and regulations in their businesses. 【新八省阅读·议论文12】（23-24高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习） If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject,might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense? One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides. The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle. There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact,the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. . 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By offering analyses. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing figures. D．By presenting research findings. 2．The function of Jaws of Life is to________. A．save people from traffic accidents B．do experiments on the space shuttle C．keep houses warm and energy efficient D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 3．In the author’s opinion, space exploration . A．has changed our life completely B．benefits us in many ways C．costs too much of our time D．has nothing to do with us 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of space exploration. B．How to make space exploration affordable? C．Is space exploration worth the cost? D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program. 【新八省阅读·议论文13】（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测） Have you ever noticed how much nicer you are to your friends than to yourself? We comfort our friends and cheer on their achievements, yet we constantly criticize ourselves. We regret making mistakes. We compare ourselves to others. We don’t feel we are worthy enough. It’s endless. Self-criticism actually serves a purpose. It helps people survive by adapting ourselves to social standards. Follow the standards and you will remain secure; step outside the lines and you will risk potential danger. This is why the negative self-talk is critical—it’s trying to keep you safe. Strangely enough, as the brain circuit forces us to reflect what we did wrong, it responds with support for our friends. So how can we treat ourselves with the care we give our friends? We start by understanding how self-criticism operates. When we are not concentrated on something, the brain circuit runs. We passively listen to these negative thoughts which interrupt our ability to focus and sleep. The self-criticism creates over thinking. For example, someone who loses a love done might think, “I’m so down. Why can’t I get over this?” and then, “I can’t handle anything.” When trying to make meaning from self-criticism, we slip into a cycle, which makes us feel we are not enough: not successful enough, not lovable enough, not worthy enough...It convinces us that we will be happy and safe when we achieve something. Yet when we achieve that, our wish to equal the achievements of others finds us some new in security. Nothing will ever be good enough. Only when we stop the self-criticism can we hear our inner voice. Let go of the desire to “keep up with the Joneses” and then step more fully into ourselves. Next, think about what you would say to friends in a similar situation. It helps us out of the negative cycle and access our caring and supportive side. It is time for us to treat ourselves like we treat our friends. 1．Why does self-criticism matter? A．It adapts people to critical standards. B．It helps people avoid potential risks. C．It ensures people’s security in society. D．It assists people to achieve life purpose. 2．What in mainly talked about in paragraph 5? A．How the brain circuit is formed. B．How self-criticism affects people. C．How it feels to lose a love done. D．How criticism creates over thinking. 3．What might the underlined sentence “keep up with the Joneses” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Handle difficulties with case. B．Possess abundant wealth. C．Get rid of the heavy pressure. D．Match the success of others. 4．What does the author suggest us doing? A．Making meaning from criticism. B．Treating ourselves with kindness. C．Reflecting on mistakes regularly. D．Offering nice comments to others. 【新八省阅读·议论文14】（2024·云南曲靖·一模） Facing change and disorder, most people either respond or react. Responding, a spin-off (派生物) of the word responsibility, is considerate and thoughtful. Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It is immediate and rash. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do, or don’t do, about it. In that space, you gain a better understanding of what is happening. So you rarely regret responding. But you often regret reacting. Plenty has been written about what you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, one study showed how your internal emotions helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. But the external matters, too. If you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become a more reactive person. I’ve experienced this firsthand. When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to snap on my children, feel restless and frustrated, and my work — my ability to think deeply — suffers significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me and it’s not just social media, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive, essentially turning us into disturbed and worried at a time when we need our humanity more than ever. Our modern economy increasingly relies on drawing people’s attention. It rewards speed, fashion, and anger. Reactivity is a feature not a bug. It aims to be first, to be extreme, and to capture as much gaze as possible. It’s why start-up companies pride themselves on “moving fast and breaking things.” It’s why the space for reasonable disagreement and discussion on college campuses seems to be shrinking by the day, giving way to hatred and attack instead. There are no silver bullet solutions, but clearly naming and describing the problem is an important first step: Our culture and economy encourage reactivity; as a result, we’re becoming a more reactive people, precisely at a time when our most pressing challenges — war, pandemic, climate change — require our great capacity to respond. 1．How is responding different from reacting? A．Responding results in more immediate emotions. B．Responding brings us deeper understanding of things. C．Responding harms the development of economy. D．Responding needs mindfulness meditation. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Social media limits our ability to think deeply. B．Being more reactive is a matter of personal preference. C．Modern culture and economy aids responsive behavior. D．War, pandemic and climate change require us to respond. 3．What might the writer continue talking about? A．How our culture encourages reactivity. B．How reactivity affects us. C．How responsive behavior boosts economy. D．How we can develop responsive behavior. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Name Emotions or Embrace Hatred B．Avoid Social Media or You Suffer C．Practice Responding or Regret Reacting D．Inhabit Spacious Rooms or Harmony Shrinks 【新八省阅读·议论文15】（2024·内蒙古赤峰·一模） The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive (尺码包容) trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 1．What does the author indicate by mentioning “the elephant in the room”? A．The demands of plus-size consumers have been ignored for ages. B．The demands of plus-size consumers are of high cost. C．A problem may do harm to the environment and animals. D．A problem needs enough time and space to be solved. 2．What is true size inclusion in the eyes of many consumers? A．To promote plus-size market. B．To broaden fashion brands. C．To enlarge clothing to standard sizes. D．To consider and satisfy all bodies. 3．For what do researchers mainly criticize some brands? A．Their designs. B．Their quality. C．Their intention. D．Their advertisements. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Fashion brands have truly achieved size inclusion, yes or no? B．Plus-size consumers should also be stylish, for or against? C．Fashion industry explores in body-diverse market, all or nothing? D．Brands should reflect consumers’ values, true or false? 【新八省阅读·议论文16】（23-24高三上·内蒙古锡林郭勒盟·阶段练习） Feel exhausted after a party? Rather see one close friend than a group of acquaintances? Enjoy your own company? In our world, that makes you an introvert (内向的人). However, there’s another possible explanation — vertical attachment. If you are closer to your parents and family members than to your peers, you are vertically attached, which means you rely more on family for comfort. If you are closer to your peers, then you are peer attached. We live in a peer-oriented world. We believe that having lots of friends means that we are well-adjusted. We put our kids in playgroups and daycare for peer interaction. We expect teenagers to want to hang out with their friends, thinking it is the natural way of things. Result? Generations often feel worlds apart. We use different language, dress, and technology apps. Even if multiple generations are invited to the same party, the kids go to the basement playroom while the parents stay upstairs. Vertically-attached individuals can feel out of place in this context, demonstrating the traces of introversion. Will they be exhausted after a party with same-aged acquaintances? Absolutely. Would they rather spend time with one close friend? Sure. Do they enjoy alone time? Yes, more than they enjoy time fitting in with peers. It’s normal that many people need alone time to recharge. However, vertically-attached people often label themselves as introverted. They feel insecure that others have more friends and live richer lives. They claim that their family attachments arise from their loved ones being stuck with them. If you feel these insecurities, know that there is nothing wrong with you, and you are not missing out on anything. Your attachment style is just different from the culture where you live. Have confidence in the strength of the relationships you have, whether it is with a mom who feels more like a best friend, or a grandmother with whom you can share anything. They are meaningful, enriching relationships, even if they look different from the cultural norm. 1．Who is vertically attached according to the text? A．Tom, who feels at ease with his teachers. B．Lily, who enjoys film time alone at weekends. C．Jim, who often turns to her dad when things are hard. D．Marry, who feels burnt out after a family get-together. 2．What is the popular belief among parents? A．Younger generations should be self-disciplined. B．Being sociable is a desired quality for their children. C．Their children need more friends than they themselves do. D．Different generations should have different circles of acquaintances. 3．What advice is given to vertically-attached people? A．Be that as it may, just leave it as it is. B．Never underestimate your inner power. C．Hang out more with friends and adjust to it. D．Treat others the way you want to be treated. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards vertically-attached people? A．Sympathetic. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【新八省阅读·议论文17】（23-24高三上·山西晋中·阶段练习） This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves brake temperature records worldwide. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air condition er and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact. Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify (除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense (冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant (干燥剂) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit. However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly coder future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.” “Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.” 1．Why does the author talk about record heat in the first paragraph? A．To make comparisons. B．To support his theory. C．To introduce the topic. D．To show cooled places. 2．What does Transaera say about its system? A．It’s available in the market. B．It’s time-honoured. C．It’s the most efficient model. D．It’s energy-saving. 3．What is Nicole Miranda’s attitude to just upgrading air conditioners? A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 4．What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling? A．Companies will offer various options. B．A comprehensive approach is required. C．We can address the issue once and for all. D．Our first priority is to lower electric bills. 【新八省阅读·议论文18】（2024·四川成都·模拟预测） We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection, which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 1．What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Having a preference for good memories. B．Remembering exactly about the details. C．Concentrating on impossible things. D．Thinking objectively about the past: 2．Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A．Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B．Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C．Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D．Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The good excuse for present unhappiness. B．The accuracy of remembering past details. C．The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D．The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A．Negative. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Objective. 【新八省阅读·议论文19】（2024·四川成都·二模） There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works. Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information. That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you. It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies. Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed. Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly. 1．What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world? A．Personal health data is used for other purposes. B．Personal health information is difficult to identify. C．Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health. D．Medical personnel protect the personal health information well. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The spread of health service. B．People’s privacy. C．A narrowly targeted approach. D．The explosion of digital technology. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advocate improvement in the privacy law. B．To report cases of illegal information exposure. C．To explain how the digitized health world works. D．To introduce a debate on the effect of technology. 【新八省阅读·议论文20】（2024·四川成都·二模） “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me,” is an old saying my fourth-grade teacher once told me. I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other, hurtful words were to be tolerated, but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story, Two Little Words with a Big Impact. She discussed two words: “and” and “but”, and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words. Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”, and that I had wounded others, too, by using the word thoughtlessly. For example, when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories, I would always say their content was good, but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic.” I could have said, “Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better. In setting up guidelines for commenting on writers, I realize we need to praise each other, make helpful remarks, and then praise each other again, without using the word” but. “I remember a college professor who said,” There is no such thing as constructive criticism. Criticism is criticism. She has now passed on, but her words remain with me always. My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing, but even teasing hurts. Today, we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot. Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking, even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but.” Sticks and stones break our bones, but thoughtless words also do harm. They can leave marks for a lifetime. 1．What changed the author’s attitude to hurtful words? A．A teacher’s advice. B．His personal experience. C．A college professor’s words. D．A story by Linda O’Connell. 2．What message does the example in Paragraph 2 convey? A．The author used “but” too often. B．The author could tolerate criticism. C．The misuse of “but” can hurt others. D．Realistic characters are needed in writing. 3．Which words can best describe the author? A．Honest and warm-hearted. B．Devoted and co-operative. C．Optimistic and open-minded. D．Caring and self-reflective. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The benefits of learning from mistakes. B．The long-lasting effect of hurtful words. C．The importance of using words thoughtfully. D．The difference between physical and emotional harm. 试卷第2页，共47页 30 / 30 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练 专题04 新八省高考阅读理解新闻报道+议论文通关20篇 解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） ( 新闻报道 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 一、新闻报道类阅读理解思维导图 2、 新闻报道类阅读理解语篇特点 近年来，英美国家主流媒体已经成为全国各省市高考阅读理解命题文章的主流题源，如《时代》、《科学美国人》、《洛杉矶时报》、《卫报》等。命题文章话题涵盖广泛，有关于政治经济的时文报道，有社会生活中发生的大小事件，还有个人成长的经历趣闻。新闻类语篇在写作手法上遵循的原则是“keep it short and simple”，简称KISS原则。高考所选取的新闻类文章主要采取“导语（lead）——主体（body）——结尾（end）”的结构模式。新闻类语篇有以下几个特点： 1.主题明确突出 新闻类文章的内容围绕某个新闻事件或人物展开，文章主题经常会出现在导语部分。导语一般是文章第一或第一、二段，用简明生动的语言将新闻最具价值、最新鲜的内容或典型例子放在开头，引出文章主题。导语部分通常能全部或部分回答who、what、when、where、why、how等问题。正文主要是对导语部分所提供的主题信息的相关细节进行解释和深化，此部分以记叙或者说明为主。结尾再一次总结中心思想，以强调、启发、或号召等方式结束，也有的新闻文章没有明显的结束语。 2.信息准确客观 新闻报道强调客观性，一般以第三人称为主，客观报道事实、描述事件或陈述观点。所提供的细节信息，如时间、人物、地点、因果等都有明确的出处或来源。作者一般不表达自己的观点，而是通过引语，包括直接和间接引语，来陈述相关人士的态度和观点。 3.语言简洁风趣 新闻类语篇既要做到观点明确，又要做到表达有力和叙述生动，因此十分讲究语言的趣味性，用浓缩的语言表达丰富的内容。用词平实易懂，精炼简洁。 三、新闻报道类阅读理解解题策略 1.浏览文章，判断文体考 生在做阅读理解题时一定要有“文体意识”，即结合文章体裁的文体特征，紧扣主旨理解文章。具体到新闻类文体，首先通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇。然后，根据文章结构特点和题型特点可以去文章相应部分寻找答案，这样可以节约时间、有的放矢。例如：文章主旨、写作意图题一般对应文章导语部分。 2.利用导语，掌握核心 导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和社会现象背后的原因等最凝练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。例如：2020全国高考III卷C篇，探讨了英国社会中由于多方压力，一家人几代同堂的现状。第31题“What is the text mainly about?”就是导语的侧面考查。通过结合下文的例子和数据分析，我们知道这种选择多是同住一室的家庭越来越多，因此全文讲述的是人们居住方式的一种新的趋势。 3.深入细节，定位分析 细节判断题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时考生要有“题目意识”，即由题干关键词把握命题意图和答题要点，解题时多使用“同义转换”或者“综合归纳”两种方法。多数情况下，选项会对原文信息进行同义转换，即原文信息的另外一种表达。相反，选项中如果出现了原文出现过的词句，应当引起警觉，谨防受到“偷梁换柱”的迷惑干扰。有时候细节散落在多个句子，或者在不同段落中都有提到，考生应该分析事件之间的关联、人物与事件的关联、社会现象背后的原因和结果的关联等等，进行综合归纳。如果是以记叙为主，则需要抓住“何人、何时、何为、何因、何果”几要素，这几大要素也是题目的着眼点。4. 结合主旨，理解引语 引语是新闻类文章中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关方面的态度、观点，用来佐证支撑主旨。在答题时要有“语境意识”，即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人的情感态度。 ( 议论 文 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 一、考情分析 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 1. 语言与结构特点 议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 2. 答题误区 议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。 二、解题秘籍 1.抓住论点找主旨。 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构。 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 3. 体会语言特点。 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 4.注意干扰项特点。 ①包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 ②正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 ④同形项原则 命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则 议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则 阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解议论文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 新八省最新 名校 模拟试题 ) 【新八省阅读·新闻报道01】（24-25高三上·四川·阶段练习） Carburetors (化油器) may represent old- school technology in the automobile world. However, Riley Schlick, a high school senior in Florida, rebuilds them for a tidy profit. Once a vital piece of equipment for cars, carburetors adjust the air- fuel mixture for internal combustion engines (内燃机). In its simplest form, a carburetor takes in air from one end and forces it through a narrow section that causes the air to speed up and the pressure to drop. As a result, the falling pressure creates a vacuum that draws in air and fuel through another hole in the side, which gathers dirt and generates performance problems. Chemical carburetor cleaners sometimes address the issues, but not the way a full rebuild can. That’s where Schlick’s Bradenton- based business Riley’s Rebuilds comes in. Schlick learned how to do the work from her dad, Dane Trask, who rebuilds classic cars as a hobby. He showed her how to do it, and also made use of some online instructional videos. “She picked it up easily,” he said. Schlick and her staff — her school friends Dagny, Katie, Amelia, and Elaine — unbox a carburetor that arrives in the mail and first document its basic information such as origin and model number before they get the device ready to break down. The team soda blasts (强速喷射) the body to remove the dirt and dust and then blows it to clear any remaining soda bits.“ We use soda blasting instead of sand or glass because it’s gentler. And the soda doesn’t get stuck in the carburetors,” Schick said. Once the dirt is gone, they dry the carburetor thoroughly and put it back together. Riley’s Rebuilds charges $145 and up to rebuild a carburetor and send it back to its owner. On average, the team works on 20 or more carburetors a week. Carburetors look complicated and difficult, but actually they are not. From a business standpoint, it is a growing market for Schlick and for younger kids. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the features of a full rebuild. B．To stress the limitations of chemical cleaners. C．To introduce the working principle of carburetors. D．To highlight the significance of Riley’s Rebuilds. 2．What do we know about Schlick from paragraph 3? A．She is quick to learn. B．She runs a family business. C．She enjoys surfing online. D．She is really into classic cars. 3．Why does the team use soda as the cleaning material? A．It’s carburetor-friendly. B．It’s custom-tailored. C．It’s readily available. D．It’s cost-effective. 4．Which of the following can best describe Schlick’s business? A．Flexible and sustainable. B．Fruitful and promising. C．Competitive but profitable. D．Demanding but manageable. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个高中女生Riley Schlick如何通过重建汽车化油器来赚取可观的利润，并详细介绍了她如何学习这项技能、她的工作流程以及这项业务的盈利情况。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In its simplest form, a carburetor takes in air from one end and forces it through a narrow section that causes the air to speed up and the pressure to drop. As a result, the falling pressure creates a vacuum that draws in air and fuel through another hole in the side, which gathers dirt and generates performance problems.(最简单的形式是，化油器从一端吸入空气，迫使它通过一个狭窄的部分，使空气加速，压力下降。因此，下降的压力产生了真空，空气和燃料通过侧面的另一个洞被吸进来，这个洞聚集了灰尘，产生了性能问题。)”可知，本段详细解释了化油器最基本的工作原理，即如何调节空气和燃料的混合比例。因此，该段的主要目的是介绍化油器的工作原理。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Schlick learned how to do the work from her dad, Dane Trask, who rebuilds classic cars as a hobby. He showed her how to do it, and also made use of some online instructional videos.“ She picked it up easily,” he said.( Schlick从父亲Dane Trask那里学会了如何做这项工作，他的父亲把重建老爷车作为一种爱好。他教她怎么做，还利用了一些网上的教学视频。“她很容易就学会了，”他说。)”可知，从第三段中我们知道Schlick是从她爸爸Dane Trask那里学到如何重建化油器的，而她的爸爸认为她很容易就学会了，由此可知Schlick是一个学习速度很快的人。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““ We use soda blasting instead of sand or glass because it’s gentler. And the soda doesn’t get stuck in the carburetors,” Schick said.(“我们使用苏打水喷射而不是沙子或玻璃，因为它更温和。而且苏打水不会卡在化油器里，”Schick说。)”可知，团队使用苏打作为清洁材料是因为它对化油器更友好，不会卡在化油器里。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Carburetors look complicated and difficult, but actually they are not. From a business standpoint, it is a growing market for Schlick and for younger kids.(化油器看起来很复杂，但实际上并非如此。从商业角度来看，这对Schlick和年幼的孩子来说是一个不断增长的市场。)”可知，从商业角度来看，Schlick的业务（重建化油器）是一个不断增长的市场，对Schlick和年轻的孩子来说都是有前景的。因此，可以用选项B“fruitful and promising（有成果且有前途的）”来形容她的业务。故选B。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道02】（24-25高三上·四川成都·开学考试） For years, Egyptologists have hotly debated how the massive pyramids (金字塔) of ancient Egypt (埃及) were built more than 4,000 years ago. Now, a team of engineers and geologists brings a new theory to the table—a water lift device that would have floated the heavy stones up through the middle of Egypt’s oldest pyramid using stored water. Ancient Egyptians built the Step Pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser in the 27th century BC, and it was the tallest structure at the time, coming in at about 62 meters tall. But how exactly the structure was erected, with a number of stones weighing in at 300 kilograms, has remained a centuries-old mystery, according to the study published Monday in the journal PLOS One. “Many detailed publications have discussed pyramid-building procedures and provided real examples, but these usually focus on more recent, better-documented, and smaller pyramids of the Middle and New Kingdoms (1,980 to 1,075 BC),” said lead author Dr. Xavier Landreau, CEO of Paleotechnic, a privately owned research institute in Paris that studies ancient technologies. “The techniques involved could include ramps (活动坡道), cranes (起重机), or a combination of these methods,” he added in an email. “But what about the Old Kingdom pyramids (2,675 to 2,130 BC), which are much bigger? While human strength and ramps may be the only construction force for small structures, other techniques may have been used for large pyramids.” Using a combined approach, the new paper was the first to report a system matching the Step Pyramid’s internal architecture, the authors wrote. A complex water treatment system drawing upon local resources could have created a water-powered elevator within the pyramid’s internal vertical passage. Some type of float would have raised the heavy stones up the middle of the pyramid, according to the study. 1．What does the underlined word “erected” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changed. B．Designed. C．Built. D．Destroyed. 2．Which may play a role in building small pyramids according to Dr. Landreau? A．People and ramps. B．Ramps and cranes. C．People and cranes. D．Water and ramps. 3．What is the main advantage of the water lift device in building pyramids? A．It simplifies the use of ramps. B．It helps to make heavy stones raised. C．It increases the weight of the stones. D．It uses some resources for treatment. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Water Lift Theory: A New View on Pyramid Construction B．Recent Researches on the Stories of Egypt’s Small Pyramid C．A Historical Debate: Egypt’s Pyramid Construction Secrets D．Exploring Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Construction Mysteries 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。这篇文章报道了一项新的研究发现，即关于古埃及金字塔建造方式的新理论。 1．词句猜测题。根据后文“with a number of stones weighing in at 300 kilograms, has remained a centuries-old mystery, according to the study published Monday in the journal PLOS One.(根据周一发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOS One)杂志上的一项研究，这座由重达300公斤的石头组成的建筑，仍然是一个数百年来的谜)”可知，用重达300公斤的石头应是建造建筑，推知erected应是“建造”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““The techniques involved could include ramps (活动坡道), cranes (起重机), or a combination of these methods,” he added in an email. “But what about the Old Kingdom pyramids (2,675 to 2,130 BC), which are much bigger? While human strength and ramps may be the only construction force for small structures, other techniques may have been used for large pyramids.”(“所涉及的技术可能包括活动坡道、起重机，或这些方法的组合，”他在一封电子邮件中补充道，“但是，对于更大的古王国时期金字塔（公元前2675年至公元前2130年）来说呢？虽然人力和活动坡道可能是小型建筑唯一的施工力量，但大型金字塔可能采用了其他技术。”)”可知，人力和坡道可能在建造小金字塔中起作用。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A complex water treatment system drawing upon local resources could have created a water-powered elevator within the pyramid’s internal vertical passage. Some type of float would have raised the heavy stones up the middle of the pyramid, according to the study.(根据研究，利用当地资源建立一个复杂的水处理系统，可以在金字塔内部的垂直通道内创建一个水动升降机。某种类型的漂浮物可以将沉重的石块提升到金字塔的中部)”可知，水升装置的主要优势在于它帮助提升重石。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For years, Egyptologists have hotly debated how the massive pyramids (金字塔) of ancient Egypt (埃及) were built more than 4,000 years ago. Now, a team of engineers and geologists brings a new theory to the table—a water lift device that would have floated the heavy stones up through the middle of Egypt’s oldest pyramid using stored water.(多年来，埃及学家们一直在激烈争论4000多年前的古埃及巨大金字塔是如何建造的。现在，一组工程师和地质学家提出了一个新的理论，即一种水利升降设备，利用储存的水将沉重的石块通过埃及最古老的金字塔中部浮起)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的金字塔建造理论，即利用水升装置来提升重石，因此最佳标题是A项“Water Lift Theory: A New View on Pyramid Construction(水举理论：金字塔建设的新视角)”。故选A项。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道03】（24-25高三上·四川·开学考试） The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line. All went smoothly, aside from a minor mess- up by Emirati pilot Ahmed al-Shehhi, who reportedly crashed into the water during his heat. Fortunately, he quickly rose to the water surface and gave a thumbs-up before being picked up by a rescue crew. Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it’s possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal. If the suits remind you of a certain billionaire superhero, you’re not alone. It seems that the founder of Gravity Industries also drew some inspiration from the Marvel Universe. “The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race. “And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added. Understandably, the technology doesn’t come cheap. If you fancy getting your hands on a custom- made jet-suit from Gravity Industries, expect a price tag of at least £380, 000. It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run. 1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The definition of horsepower. B．The features of F1 technology. C．The conditions of using jet- suits. D．The introduction of the jet- suits. 2．How did Richard Browning feel after the race? A．Confident. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Concerned. 3．What can we know about the new technology of Gravity Industries? A．It has its medical value. B．It is affordable for everyone. C．It can be used in rescue work. D．It has been adopted by the police. 4．What is the aim of this passage? A．To compare. B．To entertain. C．To inform. D．To persuade. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一次喷气服飞行比赛以及喷气飞行服技术的特点和应用领域等。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it's possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal.(受到F1技术的启发，这套喷气服的手臂和背部安装了五个燃气轮机，能够产生超过1000马力的动力。这使得赛车可以达到每小时128公里的速度。这种喷气服通常只能在空中停留3分钟，但如果条件理想，也有可能飞行超过7分钟)”可知，本段作者介绍了喷气服的组件、能够产生的功率以及通常在空中持续飞行的时长，因此判断本段主要是对喷气服的基本信息的介绍。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中““The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race.(“最接近的比喻是飞行的梦想……然后随心所欲，”创始人兼首席试飞员理查德·布朗宁(Richard Browning)在比赛结束后说)”以及第六段““And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added.(“是的，漫威超级英雄和DC漫画的世界，他们创造了那本梦想的书，我们是最接近实现这一点的人，”布朗宁补充道)”可推知，Browning 在谈到喷气飞行服的时候非常自信。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run.(不过，这并不全是娱乐和游戏。重力工业公司此前已经证明，他们的喷气服可以被救援队用来到达危险的山区。他们还建议，警察可以用它来追捕在逃的罪犯)”可知，这种技术可以用于救援工作。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line.(世界上第一场喷气服比赛于本周在迪拜码头举行，由总部位于英国的重力工业公司(Gravity Industries)组织，该公司专门从事高性能喷气服的制造。参赛选手们穿着钢铁侠式的科技装备四处奔跑，希望能第一个冲过终点线)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一次喷气服飞行比赛和喷气飞行服技术的特点以及应用领域等，由此推断文章的目的是告知这个活动以及这种技术。故选C项。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道04】（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习） Fully self-driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren’t exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals. The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights’ Red-Yellow-Green phases aren’t just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments. Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real-time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times. To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates(激活)whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light’s transition time to red. Additionally, such inter-connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do-Not-Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety. 1．What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)? A．They have settled traffic jam problems. B．They have become popular in urban areas. C．They will take the place of other vehicles. D．They may not be widely used in the future. 2．What does the “white” light do? A．It tells drivers to stop. B．It helps drivers avoid traffic jams. C．It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster. D．It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light? A．Neutral. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 4．What is probably the text? A．A news report. B．A research paper. C．A commercial ad. D．A science fiction. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的现状以及未来可能的发展趋势，并提出了改变交通信号灯设计以提高交通效率和安全性的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel.( 甚至有充分的理由证明，完全自动驾驶汽车(AVs)永远不会取代日常出行)”可知，完全自动驾驶汽车可能在未来不会得到广泛应用。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates (激活) whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad.(为了进一步充分利用这些好处，他们提出在交通信号中引入第四种“白色”灯。在这个模型中，只要有足够多的相互连接的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口，“白灯”阶段就会激活。)”和“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. (根据他们的模型，与当前的交通系统优化软件相比，这样的变化似乎可以减少至少40%的十字路口拥堵)”可知，“白”灯的作用是帮助减少交通拥堵，使驾驶员避免交通堵塞。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中对第四种“白色”灯的详细描述和“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.(根据他们的模型，与目前的交通系统优化软件相比，这样的改变似乎可以减少至少40%的十字路口拥堵。这样做，可以改善整体旅行时间，燃油效率和安全性)”可以推知，作者对引入第四种“白色”灯的想法是支持的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals.(无论如何，一些城市规划者已经在研究如何确保这样的未来同样安全高效。据北卡罗来纳州立大学的一个研究小组称，解决方案之一可能是改变已有一百多年历史的交通信号灯设计)”和下文内容可知，主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的现状、未来发展趋势以及改变交通信号灯设计的建议，这些内容更符合新闻报道的特点，而不是研究论文、商业广告或科幻小说。故选A项。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道05】（24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试） CHRISTMAS 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33- year- old son had lost his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her2007 car broke down. She had no means of paying for it to be fixed. “When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, now I don’t have transportation. How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives?” Eliot Middleton, 38, the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic who, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficulty from her nephew Frank McClary. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up at Lee’s home with a gift: a white1993 Oldsmobile. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” said Lee. Once again, she’s able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. The idea for the used- car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles because they didn’t have cars. Cars are a lifeline in this part of South Carolina, Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping. So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs (烤排骨), for broken- down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than100 cars in various states of disrepair. “People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.” 1．What happened to Lee around Christmas 2020? A．Her car was lost. B．The Christmas upset her. C．Her son was seriously ill. D．She suffered misfortunes. 2．In what way did Middleton help Lee? A．He gave away a car to Lee. B．He sold a second- hand car to Lee. C．He invited Lee to eat in his restaurant. D．He picked up Lee’s grandchildren from school. 3．How did Middleton get so many second- hand cars? A．By posting an offer for car donation. B．By exchanging his food with car owners. C．By cooking best- selling food in his restaurant. D．By buying abandoned cars and repairing them. 4．What can be the best title for this story? A．Kindness on Auto B．Trade Cars for Food C．Heartbreaker or Angel D．Freedom Guaranteed by Cars 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道的是烧烤店老板米德尔顿用他餐馆的特色菜烧烤排骨换来二手车，然后赠送给那些需要的人。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“CHRISTMAS 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33- year- old son had lost his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission(变速器)on her2007 car broke down. She had no means of paying for it to be fixed.(对梅兰妮·李来说，2020年圣诞节将是一个令人心碎的日子。几个星期前，她33岁的儿子在与长期疾病的斗争中失败了。然后，她2007年的那辆车的变速箱坏了。她没有钱请人修。)”可知，2020年圣诞节前后，李经历了失去儿子和汽车出故障等多种不幸。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up at Lee’s home with a gift: a white1993 Oldsmobile.(圣诞节的早晨，米德尔顿带着一份礼物出现在李的家中:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔。)”和第四段的句子““He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” said Lee. Once again, she’s able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class.(“他把钥匙递给我，没有要求任何东西。”李说。再一次，她能够从学校接她的孙女，带她们去上舞蹈课。)”可知，米德尔顿赠送了一辆汽车给李。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than100 cars in various states of disrepair.(因此，他在Facebook上发布了一份要约，提议用他餐馆的特色菜烧烤排骨来换坏掉的汽车。从那以后，朋友和陌生人送走了100多辆年久失修的汽车。)”可知，米德尔顿是用他餐馆的特色菜烧烤排骨换来的那么多二手车。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要报道的是烧烤店老板米德尔顿用他餐馆的特色菜烧烤排骨换来二手车，然后赠送给那些需要的人。所以用A项“Kindness on Auto(汽车上的善举)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道06】（24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习） China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little- explored far side of the moon in a global first. The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China on Tuesday afternoon. “I now declare that the Chang’e 6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” Zhang Kejian, director of the China National Space Administration, said in a televised news conference after the landing. Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides. The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑), contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side. The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole — Aitken Basin, an impact crater created more than 4 billion years ago. The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin, which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology (年表), such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock. China in recent years has launched multiple successful missions to the moon, collecting samples from the moon’s near side with the Chang’e 5probe previously. They are also hoping that the probe will return with material that bears traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon’s past. That material could shed light on the solar system’s early days. There’s a theory that the moon acted as a vacuum (真空) cleaner of sorts, attracting all the meteorites in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth, said Richard de Grijs, who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute. 1．What makes Chang’e 6’s mission unique in lunar exploration history? A．Landing on the moon’s South Pole. B．Confirming lunar water presence. C．Collecting the moon’s far-side samples. D．Returning samples from the near side. 2．What may distinguish the moon’s far side from its near side? A．Fewer craters. B．Earth visibility. C．Rough lands. D．Plains dominance. 3．What might the Chang’e 6’s samples help to know? A．Lunar internal activity. B．Origin of the moon. C．Moon’s formation timeline. D．Earth’s impact on the moon. 4．What role might the moon have played in the early solar system according to Richard de Grijs? A．Creating the solar system. B．Causing meteorites to form. C．Attracting meteorites for study. D．Protecting Earth from meteorites. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了嫦娥六号探测器首次带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little- explored far side of the moon in a global first.(中国嫦娥六号探测器带着来自月球背面的岩石和土壤样本返回地球，这是全球首次)”可知，嫦娥六号探测器带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本，这是全球首次，这使得嫦娥六号的任务在月球探测史上独一无二。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑), contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.(远侧也有山和撞击坑，与近侧可见的相对平坦的广阔区域形成鲜明对比)”可知，远侧有山和撞击坑，即远侧地面高低不平。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million- year- old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides.(中国科学家预计，返回的样本将包括250万年前的火山岩和其他物质，科学家希望这些物质能够回答有关月球两侧地理差异的问题)”以及第六段“The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin, which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology (年表), such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock.(科学家们预计，这些样本可能来自盆地的不同层，这些层将在其漫长的年代学中留下不同地质事件的痕迹，例如月球年轻时，内部有可能产生火山岩的活动)”可知，嫦娥六号的样本可能有助于了解月球的内部活动。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’s a theory that the moon acted as a vacuum (真空) cleaner of sorts, attracting all the meteorites in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth, said Richard de Grijs, who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute.(国际空间科学研究所执行主任Richard de Grijs说，有一种理论认为，月球就像一个真空吸尘器，吸引了该系统早期的所有陨石，这样它们就不会撞击地球)”可知，根据Richard de Grijs的说法，月球在早期太阳系中可能吸引了所有陨石，防止它们撞击地球，即保护地球免受早期太阳系中陨石的撞击。故选D。 【新八省阅读·新闻报道07】（24-25高三上·河南·开学考试） Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well-being by the end of the week. Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget-friendly eating. Julia’s grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week’s living. For the first five days, the mum’s breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost-effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day. By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget. Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia’s experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources. 1．Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge? A．To promote a new way of living. B．To test the quality of food at Walmart. C．To develop budget-friendly eating habits. D．To see if she could survive on a strict budget. 2．What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose? A．It was too complicated. B．It fitted her budget and nutrition. C．It was out of a random choice. D．It was full of her favourite staples. 3．How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge? A．By preparing less staples. B．By skipping breakfast. C．By snacking unnecessarily. D．By cooking more food each time. 4．How was Julia’s overall experience during the challenge? A．She ate well and felt satisfied. B．She struggled with her budget. C．She suffered hunger sometimes. D．She found it tough to continue. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美食视频博主Julia Pacheco挑战用10美元维持包括所有餐食的一周生活，以测试预算紧张的可行性和对健康的影响。通过精心挑选食材，大量烹饪和储存食物减少浪费，她证明了在有限预算下也能保持健康饮食。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. (美食视频博主Julia Pacheco接受了一项雄心勃勃的挑战，看看她能否仅用10美元维持自己一周的生活，包括从早餐到晚餐的所有膳食)”可知，Julia接受10美元的挑战，目的是看看她能否在严格的预算下生存下来。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. (Julia的旅程始于沃尔玛的一次有策略的购物之旅，在那里她仔细挑选关键原料，以最大限度地提高她的预算和营养摄入量)”可知，Julia选择的购物清单符合她的预算和营养。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. (通过烹饪大量食物并储存起来以备后用，她将浪费降到最低，并确保她总是准备好一顿饭，减少了不必要的零食欲望)”可知，通过每次烹饪更多的食物，Julia成功地减少了浪费。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. (整个星期，她觉得很饱，很满足，这证明即使预算紧张，也可以保持健康的饮食)”可知，在整个挑战过程中，Julia吃得很好，很满足。故选A项。 【新八省阅读·议论文08】（24-25高三上·山西大同·阶段练习） I heard some good news recently. My 91-year-old grandfather called me to test his new hearing aid. For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice. It thrilled us both. I soon found out there was another reason my grandparents were so happy — their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家), Anna. Unlike the previous providers they’d been dealing with, Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only ensured the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it. Such kindness might sound rare, but I’ve since started wondering: What if it’s more common than we think? It started with some research that showed people often underestimate(低估)the willingness of strangers to engage with, or even befriend them. Then I came across a study that suggested news coverage of current affairs tends to be more negative than positive because humans tend to give negative events more attention. Negative stories can attract our attention and prepare us for disappointment. But if we don’t engage with positive ones, they might lead us to be more critical of the world, more defensive and less hopeful than we need to be. So I think sometimes what we hear, see, or even know might not be the whole picture. The truth might be hidden from us, requiring us to notice and discover it. We could start by asking ourselves whether we are focusing more on negative or positive stories and whether we are letting negative news surround us. Maybe even paying more attention to good news or making a point of sharing good news will help. Anna’s attitude was remarkable. She went beyond the call of duty and, upon leaving, refused to accept anything but words as thanks. Why not remind ourselves that, for all of the bad that’s in the world and in the news, behind the scenes, in people’s ordinary lives, lie untold stories of extraordinary good. 1．How was Anna different from previous audiologists? A．She offered her patients personal assistance. B．She displayed more patience and professionalism. C．She refused to accept payment for the hearing aid. D．She paid little attention to her patients’ needs. 2．Why are news reports on current events usually more negative than positive? A．To warn people of potential risks. B．To attract audiences more effectively. C．To encourage people to seek out the truth. D．To reveal the harshness of reality. 3．What is a potential consequence of focusing only on negative stories? A．Improved ability to cope with stress. B．Increased optimism and hope. C．A reduced sense of security. D．A more objective view of the world. 4．What does the author suggest people do? A．Take advantage of others’ kindness. B．Share only positive news stories. C．Pay less attention to negative news. D．Maintain a positive outlook on the world. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就Anna为作者祖父母提供了个人帮助而发表感悟——尽管世界上和新闻中有很多坏事，但是我们应该看到好的一面，保持积极的世界观。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Unlike the previous providers they’d been dealing with, Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only ensured the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it.(与他们之前接触过的供应商不同，Anna投入了时间和精力。Anna不仅确保了新助听器正常工作，还主动提出去我祖父母的公寓教他们如何使用。)”可知，Anna与之前的听力学家不同之处在于她为病人提供了个人帮助。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Then I came across a study that suggested news coverage of current affairs tends to be more negative than positive because humans tend to give negative events more attention.(然后我遇到了一项研究，该研究表明，对时事的新闻报道往往更消极，而不是积极，因为人类往往更关注负面事件。)”可知，为了更有效地吸引观众，关于时事的新闻报道通常是负面的多于正面的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Negative stories can attract our attention and prepare us for disappointment. But if we don’t engage with positive ones, they might lead us to be more critical of the world, more defensive and less hopeful than we need to be.(负面故事可以吸引我们的注意力，让我们为失望做好准备。但如果我们不与积极的人接触，他们可能会导致我们对世界更加挑剔，更加防御，比我们需要的更有希望。)”可推知，只关注负面故事的潜在后果是我们的安全感会降低，变得更具有防御性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段“Maybe even paying more attention to good news or making a point of sharing good news will help.(也许更多地关注好消息或强调分享好消息会有所帮助。)”以及最后一段“Why not remind ourselves that, for all of the bad that’s in the world and in the news, behind the scenes, in people’s ordinary lives, lie untold stories of extraordinary good.(为什么不提醒自己，尽管世界上和新闻中有很多坏事，在幕后，在人们的日常生活中，都有不为人知的非凡好事。)”可知，作者建议人们应保持积极的世界观。故选D项。 【新八省阅读·议论文09】（24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试） You have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “Men have become the tools of their tools.” That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1．What does “contrarian” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A defender of a right. B．A supporter of an idea. C．An objector to a value. D．An advocate of a principle. 2．Why did Thoreau escape to the woods? A．He was abandoned by society. B．He tried to prove his independence. C．He enjoyed adventures in the forest. D．He was fed up with busy industrial life. 3．Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To discuss the effect of modernization. B．To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C．To highlight the extensive use of technology. D．To show the convenience of technological tools. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Quitting social media. B．Withdrawing into the woods. C．Using technology wisely. D．Living an extremely simple life. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文的体裁为议论文。本文通过引用Thoreau的观点和自己的生活体验，讨论了现代科技对人类生活的影响，并表达了对简化生活的看法。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中的“As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago (作为一位近两个世纪前就倡导简约价值的作家)”和“He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. (他生活在工业时代的鼎盛时期，以大型工厂的兴起、不断扩大的城市发展和强大的机器为特征。)”可知，Henry David Thoreau是主张简单生活价值的作家，这在当时是一种与众不同的观点，因此他被称为contrarian，即“反对某种价值观的人”。A. A defender of a right权利的捍卫者；B. A supporter of an idea一个想法的支持者；C. An objector to a value反对某一价值观的人；D. An advocate of a principle原则的拥护者。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. (Thoreau厌倦了这段时间不断的忙碌，他退出了城市生活，独自一人住在树林里。)”可知，Thoreau厌倦了当时的繁忙城市生活，因此他逃到了树林里。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. (也就是说，我们并不是控制技术的人，而是技术在控制我们。每隔几分钟，智能手机就会用信息分散我们的注意力。至少有一半的美国人每小时查看手机好几次。同时，社交媒体的信息过载也会削弱我们的注意力并增加困惑。)”可知，第4段提到智能手机和社交媒体为的是说明人们对工具的严重依赖。故选B。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. (当科技造成如此多的分心和混乱时，通过减少过度使用科技来简化生活可能是健康的。就我个人而言，我以两种方式做到这一点。首先，我在手机上使用很少的数据，并尽量减少手机上的应用程序。大多数时候，我只用手机打电话或发短信。其次，我退出了大多数社交媒体。当然，这两件事并不像Thoreau躲进树林那样极端。然而，这些都是我可以朝着更有意义的生活迈出的现实的一步。)”可知，作者采取了两种方式来简化生活：一是减少手机上的数据使用和应用程序，二是退出大多数社交媒体。可以推断出作者同意的是“明智地使用科技”，而不是完全放弃科技或极端地过简单生活。故选C。 【新八省阅读·议论文10】（24-25高三上·陕西渭南·阶段练习） Globalization has reshaped the world in profound ways, joining nations closely together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While many celebrate the economic opportunities it brings, globalization also poses significant challenges to local cultures, which can be overshadowed by a homogenizing global culture. This raises a complex debate: Does globalization enrich local cultures or endanger them? On one hand, globalization allows for an unprecedented exchange of ideas, customs, and values. It exposes individuals to diverse cultures, promoting understanding and tolerance among different societies. For example, international festivals and food fairs introduce people to foreign cuisines and traditions, enriching their cultural experience and broadening their worldviews. However, the other side of this cultural exchange is often a dilution of distinct local identities. As global brands dominate markets worldwide, local businesses and traditions can struggle to survive. The widespread existence of fast food chains like McDonald’s and Starbucks in cities around the world is a proof to this trend. This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place. Furthermore, the pressure to adapt to global market demands often reshapes local cultures in ways that prioritize profitability over genuineness. Traditional crafts and practices are commercialized and removed of their original meaning to appeal to mass markets. This can lead to a shallow understanding of cultural symbols, which are disassociated from their rich historical contexts. Despite these challenges, globalization is not necessarily a disaster for local cultures. Many communities have turned globalization to their advantage by promoting cultural tourism and exporting local products that represent their unique traditions and histories. This not only helps preserve cultural identities but also supports local economies. In conclusion, globalization presents both opportunities and threats to local cultures. It enriches cultural understanding on a global scale while also risking the erosion of unique cultural identities. The challenge lies in finding a balance that respects and preserves local traditions while engaging with the global community. 1．How does globalization contribute positively to cultural understanding? A．By removing all cultural differences. B．By increasing the profitability of local businesses. C．By enforcing a uniform educational system worldwide. D．By introducing people to various cultures and promoting tolerance. 2．Which statement best describes a challenge posed by globalization to local cultures? A．Globalization promotes understanding and tolerance. B．Globalization has no significant impact on local cultures. C．Globalization leads to the loss of unique cultural landmarks. D．Globalization primarily supports local economies through cultural tourism. 3．What does the underlined word “dilution” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recognition. B．Strengthener. C．Mission. D．Reduction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Globalization: A Double-Edged Sword for Local Cultures B．The Benefits of Globalization for Cultural Exchange C．Preserving Local Cultures in a Globalized World D．The Threats of Globalization to Local Identities 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了全球化对地方文化的双重影响, 既促进了文化的理解与融合, 也威胁到了地方文化的独特性, 强调在全球化背景下寻找平衡的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It exposes individuals to diverse cultures, promoting understanding and tolerance among different societies.(它使个人接触到不同的文化，促进不同社会之间的理解和宽容。)”可推知, 全球化通过使人们接触不同的文化并促进不同社会文化之间的理解和宽容, 从而对文化理解产生积极影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place.(这不仅会导致独特的文化地标消失，还会导致全球文化更加同质化，地方特色可能难以找到一席之地。)”可知, 全球化导致独特的文化地标消失, 以及更加同质化的全球文化, 这对地方文化来说是一个挑战。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place.(这不仅会导致独特的文化地标消失，还会导致全球文化更加同质化，地方特色可能难以找到一席之地)”可知, 标准化的全球文化会导致独特的文化地标消失。由此可推知, 画线词与D项: Reduction(减小，降低)意思相近。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章第一段“Globalization has reshaped the world in profound ways, joining nations closely together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While many celebrate the economic opportunities it brings, globalization also poses significant challenges to local cultures, which can be overshadowed by a homogenizing global culture. This raises a complex debate: Does globalization enrich local cultures or endanger them?(全球化以深刻的方式重塑了世界，通过贸易、通信和文化交流将各国紧密地联系在一起。虽然许多人庆祝全球化带来的经济机会，但全球化也给当地文化带来了重大挑战，这些挑战可能会被同质化的全球文化所掩盖。这引发了一场复杂的辩论:全球化是丰富了当地文化，还是危及了它们?)”可知, 本文主要讨论了全球化对地方文化的双重影响, 既有积极的一面, 也有挑战和威胁。由此可推知, A项: Globalization: A Double-Edged Sword for Local Cultures(全球化:地方文化的双刃剑)最适合作文章标题。故选A。 【新八省阅读·议论文11】（24-25高三上·青海西宁·开学考试） John Dryden, an English poet who died in 1700, once said, “Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.” In 19th- century America, successful families were also said to “go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves” in that length of time. In Asia, there is an identical saying that family wealth could not pass three generations. As a rising share of the world’s wealthiest comes from Asia, the three-generation hypothesis (假想) is being tested once again. Overall, the results of the three-generation test so far look encouraging for Asia’s wealthiest families. What has helped the wealthiest families to survive the test is the education that the younger generations have received. While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America. As a result, they are far worldlier than their elders, who built their fortunes on local businesses in periods of rapid economic development. John Riady, the child of an Indonesian family that owns Lippo Karawaci, attended Georgetown University, before earning an MBA at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a law degree from Columbia University. Isha Ambani, daughter of Mukesh Ambani, graduated from Yale and then Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business in 2018. At the same time, they are more sharply aware of their responsibility to avoid one of the traditional traps: putting relationship before anything else. Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries. In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders. 1．What do “shirtsleeves” most probably stand for in the first paragraph? A．Being poor. B．Being generous. C．Being stupid. D．Being lazy. 2．What does the author say about the richest younger generations in Asia? A．They are much wiser. B．They are more responsible. C．They are better educated. D．They are more experienced. 3．What do the younger leaders of the big family businesses stress? A．Western education. B．Social connection. C．Close relationship. D．Professional management. 4．What does the author advise the children of the wealthiest families to do? A．Get big contracts with dirty tricks. B．Learn from their grandparents and parents. C．Stay away from the powerful interest groups. D．Establish rules and regulations in their businesses. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。尽管古今中外都有“富不过三代”之说，但作者认为，这个魔咒在新时代很可能会被打破。 1．推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.(富裕的家庭很少能持续三代人的富裕)”、“family wealth could not pass three generations(富不过三代)”推测“go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves(从衬衫袖子到衬衫袖子)”是相同的意思，即“富不过三代”，因此shirtsleeves很可能代表“穷”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America.(虽然他们的祖父母和父母中的许多人从未完成大学学业，但他们中的大多数人都上过国外最著名的大学，通常是在美国)”可知，这些富家子弟都接受了更好的教育。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries.(相反，在他们接管企业后，他们通常试图在家族企业中建立规章制度，以便在几个世纪内不断创造财富)”可知，这些年轻一代的管理者更注重公司管理制度的建立。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders.(在许多发展中国家，与利益集团和地方当局打交道仍然是做生意的重要组成部分。它可以确保获得大合同。然而，美国商学院不教他们这些技能。为了保护他们的家族企业，他们必须向长辈学习一两件事)”可知，作者认为这些年轻的管理者应该向他们的长辈请教，以弥补西式教育的不足。故选B。 【新八省阅读·议论文12】（23-24高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习） If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject,might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense? One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides. The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle. There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact,the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. . 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By offering analyses. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing figures. D．By presenting research findings. 2．The function of Jaws of Life is to________. A．save people from traffic accidents B．do experiments on the space shuttle C．keep houses warm and energy efficient D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 3．In the author’s opinion, space exploration . A．has changed our life completely B．benefits us in many ways C．costs too much of our time D．has nothing to do with us 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of space exploration. B．How to make space exploration affordable? C．Is space exploration worth the cost? D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。很多美国人对政府投入巨资用于太空研究存在疑问，那么这是否值得呢？本文作者就此问题指出了将钱投入太空研究的诸多好处，如经济航班的使用，还有太空研究所提供的许多技术，以及带来的经济利益等。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. (一种说法是，政府是在把钱浪费在没有在地球上使用的研究上。实际上，这些钱流向了支持美国国家航空航天局（NASA）任务的工人和科学家，流向了在美国经济主要领域发挥重要作用的大公司。波音公司是美国国家航空航天局的飞机合作伙伴，也是为航空业制造商用飞机的同一家公司)”可推知，第二段采取的主要写作手法是分析说明。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. (手持式救生颚用于拯救车祸中的受害者，这些事故是由用于分离航天飞机及其助推器火箭的系统造成的)”可知，救生颚的作用是用来拯救出车祸的人。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides.(继续进行太空探索的另一个好处是它提供了许多技术)”以及最后一段“There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. (美国国家航空航天局的任务以及这些技术为经济提供了直接的好处。这些进步存在于食品、建筑材料、医疗程序和我们驾驶的车辆中。虽然可以证明，数十亿美元本可以用在其他地方的资金正在用于太空探索，但它带来的好处超过了可怕的方面。事实上，花的钱有助于提高我们的生活质量)”可推知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?(太空探索的巨大成本有意义吗？)”以及文章最后一句“As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. (事实上，花的钱有助于提高我们的生活质量)”结合本文主要是在讨论用于太空探索的钱花得值不值这一问题。故C项“是否值得花那么多钱太空探索？”概括了文章主旨，适合做标题。故选C。 【新八省阅读·议论文13】（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测） Have you ever noticed how much nicer you are to your friends than to yourself? We comfort our friends and cheer on their achievements, yet we constantly criticize ourselves. We regret making mistakes. We compare ourselves to others. We don’t feel we are worthy enough. It’s endless. Self-criticism actually serves a purpose. It helps people survive by adapting ourselves to social standards. Follow the standards and you will remain secure; step outside the lines and you will risk potential danger. This is why the negative self-talk is critical—it’s trying to keep you safe. Strangely enough, as the brain circuit forces us to reflect what we did wrong, it responds with support for our friends. So how can we treat ourselves with the care we give our friends? We start by understanding how self-criticism operates. When we are not concentrated on something, the brain circuit runs. We passively listen to these negative thoughts which interrupt our ability to focus and sleep. The self-criticism creates over thinking. For example, someone who loses a love done might think, “I’m so down. Why can’t I get over this?” and then, “I can’t handle anything.” When trying to make meaning from self-criticism, we slip into a cycle, which makes us feel we are not enough: not successful enough, not lovable enough, not worthy enough...It convinces us that we will be happy and safe when we achieve something. Yet when we achieve that, our wish to equal the achievements of others finds us some new in security. Nothing will ever be good enough. Only when we stop the self-criticism can we hear our inner voice. Let go of the desire to “keep up with the Joneses” and then step more fully into ourselves. Next, think about what you would say to friends in a similar situation. It helps us out of the negative cycle and access our caring and supportive side. It is time for us to treat ourselves like we treat our friends. 1．Why does self-criticism matter? A．It adapts people to critical standards. B．It helps people avoid potential risks. C．It ensures people’s security in society. D．It assists people to achieve life purpose. 2．What in mainly talked about in paragraph 5? A．How the brain circuit is formed. B．How self-criticism affects people. C．How it feels to lose a love done. D．How criticism creates over thinking. 3．What might the underlined sentence “keep up with the Joneses” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Handle difficulties with case. B．Possess abundant wealth. C．Get rid of the heavy pressure. D．Match the success of others. 4．What does the author suggest us doing? A．Making meaning from criticism. B．Treating ourselves with kindness. C．Reflecting on mistakes regularly. D．Offering nice comments to others. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“我们为何对自己比对朋友更苛刻”这一主题展开，提出了作者的观点和看法，并通过分析自我批评的作用、大脑回路的影响以及我们如何摆脱负面循环等方面来支持这些观点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Self-criticism actually serves a purpose. It helps people survive by adapting ourselves to social standards. Follow the standards and you will remain secure; step outside the lines and you will risk potential danger. This is why the negative self-talk is critical—it’s trying to keep you safe.(然而，自我批评实际上有其目的。它帮助我们通过适应社会标准来生存。遵循这些标准，你就会感到安全；而一旦越界，你就会面临潜在的危险。这就是为什么消极的自言自语如此关键——它试图让你保持安全。)”可知，自我批评的目的是帮助人们通过适应社会标准来生存，遵守这些标准可以保持安全，而违背则可能面临潜在危险。因此，自我批评是为了帮助人们避免潜在的风险。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“When we are not concentrated on something, the brain circuit runs. We passively listen to these negative thoughts which interrupt our ability to focus and sleep. The self-criticism creates over thinking.(当我们不专注于某件事时，大脑回路就会运转。我们被动地倾听这些消极的想法，它们会干扰我们的注意力和睡眠。自我批评会导致过度思考)”以及“When trying to make meaning from self-criticism, we slip into a cycle, which makes us feel we are not enough: not successful enough, not lovable enough, not worthy enough...It convinces us that we will be happy and safe when we achieve something.(当我们试图从自我批评中获得意义时，我们陷入了一个循环，让我们觉得自己不够:不够成功，不够可爱，不够有价值……它使我们相信，当我们取得成就时，我们会感到快乐和安全。)”可知，第五段提到了当大脑回路运行时，我们被动地听到这些消极的想法，它们打断了我们集中注意力和睡眠的能力，并导致过度思考。。因此，本段主要讨论了自我批评如何影响人们的思维、情感和心理健康。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据上一段段尾“Yet when we achieve that, our wish to equal the achievements of others finds us some new in security. Nothing will ever be good enough.(但当我们达到那个目标时，我们又会因为想与他人平起平坐而找到新的不安全感。没有什么会永远足够好。)”以及空前的“Only when we stop the self-criticism can we hear our inner voice.(只有当我们停止自我批评，我们才能听到我们内心的声音。)”可推测，放下“想与他人平起平坐”的欲望，然后更充分地融入自己。选项D“Match the success of others. (与他人的成功相匹配。)”符合划线短语所表达的意思。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Next, think about what you would say to friends in a similar situation. It helps us out of the negative cycle and access our caring and supportive side. It is time for us to treat ourselves like we treat our friends.(接下来，思考在类似情况下你会对朋友说些什么。这有助于我们摆脱负面循环，并激发我们关心和支持的一面。是时候像对待朋友一样对待自己了。)”可知，作者建议我们要像对待朋友对待自己，也就是善待自己。故选B。 【新八省阅读·议论文14】（2024·云南曲靖·一模） Facing change and disorder, most people either respond or react. Responding, a spin-off (派生物) of the word responsibility, is considerate and thoughtful. Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It is immediate and rash. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do, or don’t do, about it. In that space, you gain a better understanding of what is happening. So you rarely regret responding. But you often regret reacting. Plenty has been written about what you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, one study showed how your internal emotions helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. But the external matters, too. If you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become a more reactive person. I’ve experienced this firsthand. When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to snap on my children, feel restless and frustrated, and my work — my ability to think deeply — suffers significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me and it’s not just social media, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive, essentially turning us into disturbed and worried at a time when we need our humanity more than ever. Our modern economy increasingly relies on drawing people’s attention. It rewards speed, fashion, and anger. Reactivity is a feature not a bug. It aims to be first, to be extreme, and to capture as much gaze as possible. It’s why start-up companies pride themselves on “moving fast and breaking things.” It’s why the space for reasonable disagreement and discussion on college campuses seems to be shrinking by the day, giving way to hatred and attack instead. There are no silver bullet solutions, but clearly naming and describing the problem is an important first step: Our culture and economy encourage reactivity; as a result, we’re becoming a more reactive people, precisely at a time when our most pressing challenges — war, pandemic, climate change — require our great capacity to respond. 1．How is responding different from reacting? A．Responding results in more immediate emotions. B．Responding brings us deeper understanding of things. C．Responding harms the development of economy. D．Responding needs mindfulness meditation. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Social media limits our ability to think deeply. B．Being more reactive is a matter of personal preference. C．Modern culture and economy aids responsive behavior. D．War, pandemic and climate change require us to respond. 3．What might the writer continue talking about? A．How our culture encourages reactivity. B．How reactivity affects us. C．How responsive behavior boosts economy. D．How we can develop responsive behavior. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Name Emotions or Embrace Hatred B．Avoid Social Media or You Suffer C．Practice Responding or Regret Reacting D．Inhabit Spacious Rooms or Harmony Shrinks 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析“回应”和“反应”之间的区别，讨论了当今社会中，我们愈发受到外部环境的影响，倾向于做出被动反应的人的这一现象，作者认为这一问题令人担忧，对个体和社会都造成了负面影响，而我们应当在这样的时代去培养回应性的行为，以解决我们面对的各种紧迫挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Responding, a spinoff (派生物) of the word responsibility, is considerate and thoughtful. Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It is immediate and rash. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do, or don’t do, about it. In that space, you gain a better understanding of what is happening. (“回应”是“责任”一词的派生词，是体贴周到的。另一方面，“反应”的字面意思是用一个动作来应对另一个动作。它是直接和轻率的。回应在事件和你做什么或不做什么之间创造了更多的空间。在这个空间里，你可以更好地理解正在发生的事情)”可知，回应和反应的区别在于，前者在事件和应对之间留有空间，让人思考在发生的事情，从而有更深的理解。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to snap on my children, feel restless and frustrated, and my work — my ability to think deeply — suffers significantly. (当我花太多时间在社交媒体上时，我更有可能对我的孩子发脾气，感到不安和沮丧，我的工作——我深入思考的能力——也会受到严重影响)”可知，过多使用社交媒体会让作者变得情绪化，影响作者深入思考的能力。由此推知，社交媒体限制了我们深入思考的能力。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are no silver bullet solutions, but clearly naming and describing the problem is an important first step: Our culture and economy encourage reactivity; as a result, we’re becoming a more reactive people, precisely at a time when our most pressing challenges — war, pandemic, climate change — require our great capacity to respond. (没有什么灵丹妙药，但明确指出并描述问题是重要的第一步：我们的文化和经济鼓励反应；因此，我们正在成为一个更加被动的种群，而此时正是我们最紧迫的挑战——战争、流行病、气候变化——要求我们有强大的回应能力的时候)”可知，作者指出了问题所在：我们受到文化和经济的影响，变得倾向于做出反应，变得被动，同时说明目前的挑战需要我们有主动做出回应的能力。由此推知，接下来作者会分享如何解决问题，会谈论我们如何培养回应性行为。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从“回应”和“反应”之间的区别开始，讨论了当今社会中，我们愈发受到外部环境的影响，倾向于做出被动反应的人的这一现象。作者认为这一问题令人担忧，通过亲身经历和观察，说明了这对个体和社会都造成了负面影响，呼吁我们在这样的时代培养回应性的行为，以解决我们面对的各种紧迫挑战。因此，C项“练习回应或后悔反应”指出了需要在主动回应和被动反应之间做出选择，契合主旨，最适合作为标题。故选C项。 【新八省阅读·议论文15】（2024·内蒙古赤峰·一模） The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive (尺码包容) trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 1．What does the author indicate by mentioning “the elephant in the room”? A．The demands of plus-size consumers have been ignored for ages. B．The demands of plus-size consumers are of high cost. C．A problem may do harm to the environment and animals. D．A problem needs enough time and space to be solved. 2．What is true size inclusion in the eyes of many consumers? A．To promote plus-size market. B．To broaden fashion brands. C．To enlarge clothing to standard sizes. D．To consider and satisfy all bodies. 3．For what do researchers mainly criticize some brands? A．Their designs. B．Their quality. C．Their intention. D．Their advertisements. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Fashion brands have truly achieved size inclusion, yes or no? B．Plus-size consumers should also be stylish, for or against? C．Fashion industry explores in body-diverse market, all or nothing? D．Brands should reflect consumers’ values, true or false? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了很多品牌推出了大码衣服，却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势，而并非真正的满足客户的需要。品牌如果真的想要取得成功，就需要关心消费者的价值观。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. (直到对身体的积极态度和对肥胖的接受运动提出了这样的口号：体型大的人不是被遗忘的人)”可推知，通过指出大码消费者的需求是the elephant in the room，作者想表达这是个“显而易见却被忽视的事实”，即长期以来大码消费者的需求一直被忽视。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes (包容性尺码意味着所有身体都包含在时尚中，而不仅仅是那些适合标准尺码的人)”可知，在许多消费者看来，真正的尺码包容性是考虑并满足所有身材的要求。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中““If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” (他说道：“如果品牌关心大码消费者，那么它就不会直到现在才承认他们的存在。这给人的印象就是，公司只是想要在市场上占有一席之地，而不是真正的对社区做出承诺。”)”可知，研究者认为这些品牌并不是真正地关心大码消费者，而只是为了在市场上占有一席之地。因此，研究者是因为品牌的动机而批评他们。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了很多品牌推出了大码衣服，却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势，而并非真正的满足客户的需要。品牌如果真的想要取得成功，就需要关心消费者的价值观。所以，A项“时尚品牌已经真正实现了尺寸包容性，是还是不是？”切题，是短文的最佳标题。故选A项。 【新八省阅读·议论文16】（23-24高三上·内蒙古锡林郭勒盟·阶段练习） Feel exhausted after a party? Rather see one close friend than a group of acquaintances? Enjoy your own company? In our world, that makes you an introvert (内向的人). However, there’s another possible explanation — vertical attachment. If you are closer to your parents and family members than to your peers, you are vertically attached, which means you rely more on family for comfort. If you are closer to your peers, then you are peer attached. We live in a peer-oriented world. We believe that having lots of friends means that we are well-adjusted. We put our kids in playgroups and daycare for peer interaction. We expect teenagers to want to hang out with their friends, thinking it is the natural way of things. Result? Generations often feel worlds apart. We use different language, dress, and technology apps. Even if multiple generations are invited to the same party, the kids go to the basement playroom while the parents stay upstairs. Vertically-attached individuals can feel out of place in this context, demonstrating the traces of introversion. Will they be exhausted after a party with same-aged acquaintances? Absolutely. Would they rather spend time with one close friend? Sure. Do they enjoy alone time? Yes, more than they enjoy time fitting in with peers. It’s normal that many people need alone time to recharge. However, vertically-attached people often label themselves as introverted. They feel insecure that others have more friends and live richer lives. They claim that their family attachments arise from their loved ones being stuck with them. If you feel these insecurities, know that there is nothing wrong with you, and you are not missing out on anything. Your attachment style is just different from the culture where you live. Have confidence in the strength of the relationships you have, whether it is with a mom who feels more like a best friend, or a grandmother with whom you can share anything. They are meaningful, enriching relationships, even if they look different from the cultural norm. 1．Who is vertically attached according to the text? A．Tom, who feels at ease with his teachers. B．Lily, who enjoys film time alone at weekends. C．Jim, who often turns to her dad when things are hard. D．Marry, who feels burnt out after a family get-together. 2．What is the popular belief among parents? A．Younger generations should be self-disciplined. B．Being sociable is a desired quality for their children. C．Their children need more friends than they themselves do. D．Different generations should have different circles of acquaintances. 3．What advice is given to vertically-attached people? A．Be that as it may, just leave it as it is. B．Never underestimate your inner power. C．Hang out more with friends and adjust to it. D．Treat others the way you want to be treated. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards vertically-attached people? A．Sympathetic. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要探讨了垂直依恋类型人格的特点，并认为无论依恋方式如何，每个人都有自己独特的关系和情感需求，应该对自己的依恋方式有信心。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, there’s another possible explanation — vertical attachment. If you are closer to your parents and family members than to your peers, you are vertically attached, which means you rely more on family for comfort. (然而，还有另一种可能的解释——垂直依恋。如果你与父母和家庭成员的关系比与同龄人的关系更近，你是垂直依恋型的，这意味着你更依赖家庭来获得安慰。)”可知，垂直依恋类型的人更依赖父母和家庭成员，由此推知，在遇到困难的时候经常向父亲求助的Jim很可能属于垂直依恋类型。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We believe that having lots of friends means that we are well-adjusted. We put our kids in playgroups and daycare for peer interaction. We expect teenagers to want to hang out with their friends, thinking it is the natural way of things. (我们相信有很多朋友意味着我们适应得很好。我们把孩子放在游戏小组和日托中心进行同伴互动。我们期望青少年想和他们的朋友出去玩，认为这是很自然的事情。)”可知，家长们期望青少年想和他们的朋友出去玩，认为是一件很自然的事情，由此可孩子，家长们普遍希望他们的孩子具备善于交际的品质。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Your attachment style is just different from the culture where you live. Have confidence in the strength of the relationships you have, whether it is with a mom who feels more like a best friend, or a grandmother with whom you can share anything. They are meaningful, enriching relationships, even if they look different from the cultural norm.( 你的依恋类型与你所处的文化不同。对你所拥有的人际关系的强度要有信心，无论是与感觉更像最好朋友的母亲，还是与你可以分享任何事情的祖母。它们是有意义的、丰富的关系，即使它们看起来与文化规范不同。)”可知，作者建议垂直依恋型的人要正确看待自己的人际关系，要有信心，由此推知，作者建议不管依附类型怎样，让其顺其自然。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, vertically-attached people often label themselves as introverted. They feel insecure that others have more friends and live richer lives.(然而，垂直依恋型的人通常给自己贴上内向的标签。别人有更多的朋友，过着更富裕的生活，他们感到不安全。)”可知，垂直依恋型的人经常给自己贴上内向的标签，甚至觉得别人有很多朋友，过着富足的生活让他们感到不安，此处作者指出了垂直依恋型的人存在的问题，结合尾段中的“Your attachment style is just different from the culture where you live. Have confidence in the strength of the relationships you have, whether it is with a mom who feels more like a best friend, or a grandmother with whom you can share anything. They are meaningful, enriching relationships, even if they look different from the cultural norm.( 你的依恋类型与你所处的文化不同。对你所拥有的人际关系的强度要有信心，无论是与感觉更像最好朋友的母亲，还是与你可以分享任何事情的祖母。它们是有意义的、丰富的关系，即使它们看起来与文化规范不同。)”可知，作者在文中分析了垂直依恋类型的问题，但同时建议垂直依恋型的人要自信面对，让其顺其自然，由此推知，作者对其持客观态度。故选C项。 【新八省阅读·议论文17】（23-24高三上·山西晋中·阶段练习） This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves brake temperature records worldwide. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air condition er and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact. Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify (除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense (冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant (干燥剂) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit. However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly coder future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.” “Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.” 1．Why does the author talk about record heat in the first paragraph? A．To make comparisons. B．To support his theory. C．To introduce the topic. D．To show cooled places. 2．What does Transaera say about its system? A．It’s available in the market. B．It’s time-honoured. C．It’s the most efficient model. D．It’s energy-saving. 3．What is Nicole Miranda’s attitude to just upgrading air conditioners? A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 4．What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling? A．Companies will offer various options. B．A comprehensive approach is required. C．We can address the issue once and for all. D．Our first priority is to lower electric bills. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。过去的7月份气温再创新高，人们愈发依赖空调带来的清凉，但能耗随之剧增，进而加剧气候变化。如何破除这种恶性循环，需通盘考量。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history.(今年七月是人类历史上最热的月份)”并结合下文可推断，作者在此提及高温天气是为了引出文章的话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit.(总部位于马萨诸塞州的初创公司Transaera声称，它正在开发的系统可以比普通标准空调机组少消耗35%的能源)”可知，Transaera公司研发的制冷设备低耗节能。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘It won’t work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,’ says Nicole Miranda... ‘Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It’s critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.’(妮可·米兰达说，简单地用一个更好的型号更换所有现有的空调并就此结束是行不通的相反，一个真正凉爽的未来将不得不采用其他策略。将绿色植物和水体引入城市以利用自然气流至关重要)”可推断，Nicole Miranda并不赞同仅通过空调技术的更新迭代来消除空调的影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn’t one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.”(非营利组织ClimateWorks的专家Sneha Sachar说：“冷却是一个涉及多方面的挑战。”。“没有一个策略或答案。我们需要更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术，以及更好地理解空调的真正成本不仅仅是电费。”)”可推断，Sneha Sachar认为要解决制冷问题，需综合考虑多方面因素。故选B。 【新八省阅读·议论文18】（2024·四川成都·模拟预测） We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we arc in low spirits. Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection, which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details. If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words,the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain. Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt. But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present. 1．What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Having a preference for good memories. B．Remembering exactly about the details. C．Concentrating on impossible things. D．Thinking objectively about the past: 2．Which of the following is encouraged by the author according to Paragraph 4? A．Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. B．Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. C．Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. D．Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The good excuse for present unhappiness. B．The accuracy of remembering past details. C．The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. D．The negative impact of recalling past experiences. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection according to the passage? A．Negative. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Objective. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对过去的美好回忆（玫瑰色回忆）现象，指出其影响决策和心理健康，但提醒要以健康态度回顾过去，不应影响现在的幸福。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语下文“It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details.(之所以会发生这种情况，是因为当我们回想过去时，我们更倾向于关注积极的概况，而不是恼人的细节。)”可知，划线短语指的是“当我们回忆过去时，我们更可能关注积极的总体情况，而不是令人烦恼的细节。”选项A“Having a preference for good memories.(偏好美好记忆)”意义一致。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪总是一个好主意。)”可知，作者建议我们应该以一种健康的怀疑态度来审视我们的怀旧情感。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。事实上，那些更倾向于记住消极经历而不是积极经历的人很可能表现出心理障碍。研究普遍表明，我们最幸福的日子还未到来。即使它们不是，重要的是要相信它们是。不要羞于带着某种程度的怀旧去回顾过去。但是，出于同样的原因，不要把过去作为现在不开心的借口。)”可知，最后一段讨论了“玫瑰色回忆”在保持当前积极心态和心理健康方面的重要性。它指出“它让我们保持当前的积极心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。”这表明该段落的主要思想是保持积极心态的重要性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic（怀旧的）feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.(美好的回忆会影响我们做决定的方式，这也是为什么我们很容易回到问题关系中的原因之一。我们经历一段关系的负面影响的时间越长，我们就越有可能让美好的记忆超过糟糕的记忆，也许会原谅不可原谅的行为。带着健康程度的怀疑来回顾我们的怀旧情绪(总是一个好主意。)”以及最后一段“It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing.(它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。)”可知，作者认可美好回忆有助于维持当前的积极心态和对心理健康有益，但是作者也提醒读者要注意其潜在的风险。由此可知，作者对美好回忆抱有客观的态度。故选D。 【新八省阅读·议论文19】（2024·四川成都·二模） There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works. Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information. That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you. It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies. Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed. Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly. 1．What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world? A．Personal health data is used for other purposes. B．Personal health information is difficult to identify. C．Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health. D．Medical personnel protect the personal health information well. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The spread of health service. B．People’s privacy. C．A narrowly targeted approach. D．The explosion of digital technology. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advocate improvement in the privacy law. B．To report cases of illegal information exposure. C．To explain how the digitized health world works. D．To introduce a debate on the effect of technology. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述，分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象，并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.(相反，我们有一个滥用的生态系统，在这个生态系统中，医疗技术公司在很大程度上违反了要求医生和其他医务人员、医院和保险公司保护个人健康信息的法律)”以及第三段“That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.(这意味着科技公司可以——也确实做到了——挖掘你的数字数据，寻找你健康状况的线索，获取你购买的处方和你可能寻求的其他健康服务等信息，并可能将这些信息与你的姓名、地址、电子邮件地址和其他个人身份信息联系起来。然后，这些数据可以被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信)”可知，现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护，反而这些数据被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.(这是来自隐私法的健康隐私保护的一个巨大漏洞，隐私法保护患者，医疗专业人员和保险公司之间的互动，但在大多数情况下，不保护记录在新技术上的患者健康数据)”可知，作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知，他对现行隐私法是批评的。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.(在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效)”以及划线单词上文“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”可推测，划线词it指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(因此，立法者必须采取行动，保护那些出于个人、职业和其他原因上网的人的隐私。在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效。数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题，特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性，并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞，保护个人隐私。由此推知，文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法，以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。故选A。 【新八省阅读·议论文20】（2024·四川成都·二模） “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me,” is an old saying my fourth-grade teacher once told me. I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other, hurtful words were to be tolerated, but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story, Two Little Words with a Big Impact. She discussed two words: “and” and “but”, and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words. Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”, and that I had wounded others, too, by using the word thoughtlessly. For example, when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories, I would always say their content was good, but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic.” I could have said, “Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better. In setting up guidelines for commenting on writers, I realize we need to praise each other, make helpful remarks, and then praise each other again, without using the word” but. “I remember a college professor who said,” There is no such thing as constructive criticism. Criticism is criticism. She has now passed on, but her words remain with me always. My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing, but even teasing hurts. Today, we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot. Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking, even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but.” Sticks and stones break our bones, but thoughtless words also do harm. They can leave marks for a lifetime. 1．What changed the author’s attitude to hurtful words? A．A teacher’s advice. B．His personal experience. C．A college professor’s words. D．A story by Linda O’Connell. 2．What message does the example in Paragraph 2 convey? A．The author used “but” too often. B．The author could tolerate criticism. C．The misuse of “but” can hurt others. D．Realistic characters are needed in writing. 3．Which words can best describe the author? A．Honest and warm-hearted. B．Devoted and co-operative. C．Optimistic and open-minded. D．Caring and self-reflective. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The benefits of learning from mistakes. B．The long-lasting effect of hurtful words. C．The importance of using words thoughtfully. D．The difference between physical and emotional harm. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过分享自己的经历、观察和思考，阐述了对“但是”这个词的破坏性认识，以及言语的伤害。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other, hurtful words were to be tolerated, but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story, Two Little Words with a Big Impact. She discussed two words: “and” and “but”, and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words.(从小到大，我一直认为只要人们不互相伤害，伤害性的话是可以容忍的，但在读了琳达·奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》后，我改变了想法。她讨论了两个词：“和”和“但是”，并解释了“但是”如何成为最具破坏性的词之一。)”可知，在读了琳达·奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》后，作者改变了对伤人话语的态度。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”, and that I had wounded others, too, by using the word thoughtlessly. For example, when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories, I would always say their content was good, but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic.” I could have said, “Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better.(然后我意识到我被“但是”这个词伤害了，而且我也因为轻率地使用了这个词而伤害了别人。例如，当我是一名教师，编辑我的学生的故事，我总是会说他们的内容很好，但我会添加评论，如“但你需要让你的角色更真实。”我可以说，“你的内容很好，让你的角色更可信会让它变得更好。”)”可知，第二段中作者举例是为了告诉我们滥用“但是”会伤害别人。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other, hurtful words were to be tolerated, but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story, Two Little Words with a Big Impact. (从小到大，我一直认为只要人们不互相伤害，伤害性的话是可以容忍的，但在读了琳达·奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》后，我改变了想法。)”和第二段“Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”, and that I had wounded others, too, by using the word thoughtlessly.(然后我意识到我被“但是”这个词伤害了，而且我也因为轻率地使用了这个词而伤害了别人。)”可知，作者通过个人经历，特别是作为一名教师时对学生作品的评价，认识到了“但是”这个词的破坏性，并且反思了自己过去无意中用这个词伤害了他人的情况。这表明作者是一个关心他人，同时也善于自我反思的人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing, but even teasing hurts. Today, we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot. Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking, even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but. ”Sticks and stones break our bones, but thoughtless words also do harm. They can leave marks for a lifetime.(我四年级老师的这句话是针对她认为无害的操场上的玩笑，但即使是玩笑也会伤人。今天，我们可以读到关于许多故事的悲伤新闻，人们被丑陋的话语严重伤害，遭受了很多。现在我意识到说话前思考的重要性，甚至要避免像“但是”这样看似不重要的词。棍棒和石头能打断我们的骨头，但轻率的言语也会伤害我们。它们会留下一辈子的印记。)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述的是言语的重要性以及使用言语时需要慎重考虑。文章通过作者的个人经历和思考，强调了即使是看似无关紧要的词语，如“但是”，也可能给他人带来伤害。作者通过举例和反思，阐述了在言语表达时应该更加细心和体贴，避免使用可能造成伤害的词语。因此，本文的主旨是强调使用言语时需要深思熟虑，以避免无意中对他人造成伤害。故选C。 试卷第46页，共47页 1 / 48 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$