第1部分 选择性必修第3册 Unit 3 Back to the past-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　Back to the past 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．load　2．dismiss　3．depart　4．leak　5．facilitate　6．pack　7．dive　8．drag　9．hatch　10．sink　11．pray　12．shift 语境运用 1．sank　2．Having packed　3．loaded　4．to drag　5．to dismiss　6．shifting　7．are hatched　8．diving　9．departs　10．leaking 派生单词 1．proof　2．influential　3．financial；financially　4．shortage；shorten　5．astonishing；astonished；astonishment　6．exceptional；exceptionally　7．adopted；adoption　8．comparison；comparable　9．violently；violence　10．freezing；frozen 语境运用 1．proved；proof　2．influences；influential；influencing　3．finance；financially；financial　4．shortage；short　5．astonished；astonishing；astonishment　6．exceptional；exceptionally；exception　7．adopted；adopted；adoption　8．compared；comparison　9．violent；violence　10．freezing；frozen 高频短语 1．on behalf of　2．regardless of　3．allow for　4．sort out　5．contrary to　6．dismiss sth as... 　7．succeed sb as... 语境运用 1．regardless of　2．on behalf of　3．sorting out　4．Contrary to　5．allowing for 写作佳句背诵 1．much sooner than expected　2．an app that improves people's eyesight 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①to allow　②convincing　③of [完美写作]am firmly convinced 2．①to be　②acknowledging　③acknowledged [完美写作]to acknowledge the cheering crowd 3．①walking　②is　③(should) go [完美写作]can we stay healthy 4．①was panicked　②in　③a [完美写作]Panic swept through/took hold of/seized the swimmers 5．①to　②the　③to [完美写作]on the contrary, he likes adventures 6．①of　②whether　③what [完美写作]regardless of the sharp pain 7．①the　②As　③as [完美写作]as is typical of gardens in southern China 8．①turning　②killing　③lined [完美写作]offering various ideas and opinions 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．panicked　2．convincing　3．is acknowledged　4．closing　5．(should) take　6．Convinced Ⅱ．1．on　2．on　3．of　4．with　5．of 层级二 Ⅰ．1．bravery　2．Packed　3．describing　4．shaped　5．to power Ⅱ．1．on　2．as　3．With　4．that/which　5．a　6．where 层级三 Ⅰ．1．A　2．C　3．C Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：目的；伴随 尝试翻译：为了加强与年轻人的联系， 这次活动包括在社交媒体上的一些公共宣传活动， 并邀请来自世界各地的29名茶业专家进行36小时的不间断的直播。 2．化繁为简：定语；目的 尝试翻译：目前，英国东北部20家养老院中有700名老人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构得到了财政支持，将其推广到全国。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．to keep　2．loaded　3．to　4．harmony　5．when　6．causing　7．to sink　8．Subsequently　9．compasses　10．until 维度二 Step 1． ①successfully led a total of seven ocean voyages ②an impressive fleet；with nearly 28，000 people aboard　③Regardless of risks；plotted new routes through uncharted waters；astonishing discoveries　④allowed him and his crew to explore；with numerous kingdoms and regions　⑤promote trade and strengthen bonds Step 2． Within a span of 28 years, Zheng He successfully led a total of seven ocean voyages．His first expedition consisted of an impressive fleet of over 200 ships with nearly 28，000 people aboard．Regardless of risks that lay ahead, he fearlessly plotted new routes through uncharted waters, anticipating astonishing discoveries．As a matter of fact, Zheng He's ambitious expeditions allowed him and his crew to explore and establish connections with numerous kingdoms and regions, which helped promote trade and strengthen bonds between China and other nations． 维度三 Step 2． we were astonished to find ourselves lost；We walked ahead in panic；for us to determine which route was correct；The freezing wind was blowing violently；it seemed as if we were in hell；which kept bleeding；insisted on moving；convinced that we could surely find a way out；a cottage came into sight 1/88 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Back to the past 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(行为描写)(2024·杭州适应性测试)Together they went on, strolling past scratchy bushes, climbing over gray rocks and hiking through dwarf trees． 2．(心理描写)(2024·镇江市模拟)Exhausted as she was, Bales felt a wave of happiness welled up inside． 3．(人物描写)(2024·济宁市模拟)Alice had yellow hair, skin which was as white as milk, and eyes as blue as the sky． (2024·邵阳市模拟)She exaggerated(夸大) the matter, added her own spices to it and made it the hottest topic in school．It was like someone had stabbed a knife in my back．After she revealed my secret, everyone at school started laughing at me and gazing at me wherever I passed． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ vt．& vi．装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量 2．________ vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 3．________ vi．& vt．离开，起程 4．________ vi．漏，渗漏；渗入 vt．漏，渗漏；泄露 n．漏洞 5．________ vt．使便利，促进 6．________ vt．& vi．塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 7．________ vi．俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 8．________ vt．拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 9．________ vt．密谋，策划；使孵出 vi．孵化；孵出 10．________ vi．& vt．下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 11．________ vi．& vt．企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 12．________ n．改变，转移；轮班 vi．& vt．(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 1．My heart ________(sink) as I heard the news that I failed in the examination． 2．________(pack) her few belongings in a bag, she checked out of the hotel and hurried to the airport by taxi． 3．(2020·天津卷)The library is now a multimedia zone, ________(load) with information in many formats． 4．I found myself increasingly unwilling ________(drag) myself to dance performances, so I quit． 5．A doctor is there to treat and to cure, not ________(dismiss) anyone as a hopeless case． 6．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than ________(shift) restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end． 7．A popular saying goes, “Don't count your chickens before they ________(hatch)．” 8．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go ________(dive), but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills． 9．The earliest flight ________ (depart) from Schiphol Airport at 8：05 and arrives in Berlin at 9：25． 10．Oil ________ (leak) from a tanker in the Mississippi River endangers the drinking water of New Orleans． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．prove vt．证明；检验；显示 vi．证明是→________ n．证据，证明 2．influence n．影响(力)；有影响的人或事 vt．影响→________ adj．有很大影响力的，有支配力的 3．finance n．金融；财政→________ adj．财政的，金融的，财务的→________ adv．财政上，金融上，经济上 4．short adj．短的；不足的；矮的→________ n．不足，短缺→________ vt．缩短；减少；变短 vi．缩短；变短 5．astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊→________ adj．令人感到惊讶的→________ adj．感到惊讶的→________ n．惊讶；震惊 6．exception n．例外→________ adj．杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→________ adv．特别，非常 7．adopt vt．采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi．领养，收养→________ adj．被收养的；被采用的→________ n．收养；采用 8．compare vt．比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作→________ n．比较；对比→________ adj．可相比的；同等的 9．violent adj．暴力的；猛烈的→________ adv．猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→________ n．暴力；暴行 10．freeze vi．& vt．突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→________ adj．冰点以下的；极冷的→________ adj．冻结的；冷冻的；结冰的 1．He has ________ himself capable of handling complex situations, and these results are a further ________ of his outstanding ability．(prove) 2．Children are often exposed to many ________， and the highly ________ media play a major role in ________ their opinions．(influence) 3．A country's ________ comes from taxpayers．To be ________ independent, a country must shake off the control of foreign capital．Moreover, ________ security should be high on the government's list of priorities．(finance) 4．The African country is facing the worst food ________ in history, and being ________ of food supply will result in many people starving to death．(short) 5．Experts are ________ to find that China is facing an ________ rise in the number of old people．Many ordinary people may also gasp in ________ at the trend．(astonish) 6．Julia, a woman of ________ intelligence, has five children, most of whom are ________ talented, but the youngest is an ________．(exception) 7．Jack is the ________ son of Mrs Green，who ________ him when his parents died 20 years ago．Thanks to her ________， Jack was able to receive a good education and become an engineer．(adopt) 8．I ________ the characters of the twins, and my ________ showed that there was a considerable difference between them．(compare) 9．Teenagers who often watch ________ movies can become aggressive and even commit ________．(violent) 10．It is ________ cold outside, and more snow is falling on the already ________ streets．(freeze) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 2．___________ 不管，不顾 3．___________ 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 4．___________ 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5．___________ 与……相反 6．___________ 把某事当成……不予考虑 7．___________ 接替某人担任…… 1．At our hotel, services are available to all, ___________ income or social status． 2．I will participate in the national dancing competition ___________ my school． 3．There are wedding presents piled up all over the floor of my room that need ___________． 4．___________ popular belief, there is no evidence that what you look like makes much difference to your career． 5．(2020·江苏卷)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ___________ a new generation of virtual reality． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．than＋动词­ed形式 The journey was full of challenges: it took longer than expected． 不久，他带着一个空篮子回来了，比预期的要快得多。 And before long he returned with an empty basket, ____________________．(续写之动作描写) 2．名词短语作同位语＋定语从句 His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings． 或许你可以试试这款GlassesOff应用程序，一款可以通过锻炼提高人们视力的应用程序。 Maybe you can give this app a try－GlassesOff, ____________________________________ through exercises．(应用文之建议信) 1．convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 ①(2020·天津卷)He convinced the police department ________(allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks． ②(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his ________(convince) dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars． ③Convinced ________ the accuracy of the data collected, the researchers stuck to their opinion． (普通表达)I firmly believe that what you'd like to share at the chat show will be of great benefit to us． (高级表达)I ________________ that what you'd like to share at the chat show will be of great benefit to us． ◎convince sb of sth使某人信服某事 ◎convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 ◎convince sb (that) ... 使某人确信…… ◎convinced adj．确信的，深信的 ◎be convinced of/that ... 确信…… ◎convincing adj．有说服力的；令人信服的 ◎be firmly convinced of his loyalty坚信他的忠诚 ◎find no convincing evidence没有找到令人信服的证据 ◎convince me of her innocence使我相信她的清白 2．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 ①He is widely acknowledged ________ (be) the best tennis player in the world． ②The company sent me an email yesterday, ________(acknowledge) my request． ③Although “Don't judge a book by its cover．” is an old proverb widely ________(acknowledge), people still fall into the trap of “good appearances” easily． 他兴奋地大步走到窗前，把头伸出窗外，向欢呼的人群致意。 He strode excitedly to the window and stuck his head out of it ________________________． ◎acknowledge ... to be/as ... 认为……是……；承认……是…… ◎acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事 ◎acknowledge that ... 承认…… ◎It is universally/widely acknowledged that ... 大家公认…… ◎acknowledge the need for reform承认改革的必要性 ◎acknowledge the applause with a bow鞠躬对掌声表示感谢 ◎be widely acknowledged as the greatest living scientist被公认为是当今最伟大的科学家 3．insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 ①He insisted on ________(walk) me to the station to see me off, which nearly moved me to tears． ②(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But our insisting it ________(be) merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door． ③I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she ________(go)． (普通表达)We can stay healthy both physically and mentally only when we insist on working out regularly． (高级表达)Only when we insist on working out regularly ___________ both physically and mentally． ◎insist on sth坚决要求……；坚持…… ◎insist on (sb/one's) doing sth坚决要求(某人)做某事；执意(某人)做某事 ◎insist (that) ... (从句用陈述语气)坚持说；坚决认为 ◎insist that sb (should) do ... (从句用虚拟语气)坚决要求/主张/坚持某人(应该)做…… ◎insist on mutual recognition and regard坚持相互认可、相互尊重 ◎insist on paying for the damage坚持要赔偿损失 ◎insist on us/our eating healthy food坚持要我们吃健康食品 4．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 ①Hearing the gun, the rabbit ________(panic) into running straight for the headlights． ②Even the great speaker sometimes will be ________ panic and slip into a bathroom for practice before making a speech． ③(2021·浙江1月卷)I got into ________ panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle． 游泳的人们看到鲨鱼逼近时一片惊慌。 _________________________ as they saw the shark approaching．, ◎panic sb into doing sth使某人因惊慌而做某事 ◎in panic惊慌失措地 ◎get into a panic陷入恐慌 ◎cause a moment of panic引发一时的恐慌 ◎avoid a last­minute panic避免事到临头手忙脚乱 ◎nothing to panic about没什么好担心的 5．contrary adj．相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 ①I was requested to carry on with my work unless ordered ________ the contrary． ②(2020·北京卷)Pessimists, on ________ contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress． ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷改)Contrary ________ existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid． 这个人给人的印象是过于谨慎，但实际正相反，他喜欢冒险。 The man gives the impression that he's overcautious, but _____________________________． ◎(be) contrary to ... 与……相反；与……相对立 ◎on the contrary恰恰相反；正相反 ◎to the contrary相反的；相反地 ◎be contrary to the public interest违背公众的利益 ◎contrary to general expectation与大众的期盼相反 ◎considerable evidence to the contrary大量相反的证据 6．regardless of不管，不顾 ①Regardless ________ some difficulties, all the participants managed to reach the finish line． ②But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of ________ his team wins or loses． ③Regardless of ________ was previously agreed to, we now refuse to sign the contract． 我毫不犹豫地使出所有的力量，不顾剧烈的疼痛，拖拽着身体向她靠近。 Without the slightest hesitation, I gathered all my strength and dragged myself along towards her _________________________． ◎regardless of后可接名词或wh­引导的宾语从句 ◎regardless of还常接the fact＋that从句 ◎with regard to关于；至于 ◎despite/in spite of“尽管”，后接名词、代词或the fact that ... ◎regardless of the cost不管代价有多大 ◎regardless of what happens不管发生什么 ◎regardless of whether he is right or wrong不管他是对是错 7．[教材原句]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way－as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus．那些有伟大发现的人，往往必须克服前进道路上的重重挑战，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布亦是如此。 ①As is often ________ case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older． ②________ is typical of Hollywood, big films are released in summer and around Christmas． ③Mr Black is again deeply absorbed in his research work, ________ he often is． 园内有限的空间里集结了无数人造景观，充满了中国南方园林的典型特色。 It contains countless created landscape scenes within a limited space, ________________________． as作“正如；就像”解时可引导非限制性定语从句。有些说法已成习惯用语，如：as is/was often the case“这是常有的事；通常情况下”，as he often does/did/is/was“他常这样”，as is my usual practice“这是我的习惯”，as is/was typical“一如往常；一贯如此；按照惯例”。 The staff here, as is typical of high­end restaurants in China, are very dedicated and enthusiastic, though a little serious．这里的员工，就像中国典型的高端餐厅一样，尽管有点严肃，但非常敬业和热情。 8．[教材原句]Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily．拉塞尔被从水中救了出来，但他严重烧伤，血流不止。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, ________(turn) her head from side to side． ②(2023·全国甲卷)If precautions aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes ________(kill) farm animals or walking through yards in search of food． ③(2023·浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, ________(line) by spacious homes and walled gardens． 整个晚上，那男子滔滔不绝，提出各种想法和意见，而他妻子则在沙发上默默地坐在他的旁边。 Throughout the evening the man was very talkative, _________________________ while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch． 教材原句中的bleeding heavily是动词­ing形式作伴随状语。动词­ing形式在句子中充当伴随状语时，分词动作与句子的谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，且与句子的主语之间是主动关系。动词­ed形式也可作伴随状语，只是与句子的主语之间是被动关系。 On the last day of our stay, we were invited to attend a concert on a beautiful farm, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals．在我们逗留的最后一天，我们应邀出席了在一个美丽的农场举行的音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见了一些有趣的当地人。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．When you feel ________(panic), better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself． 2．Scientists say there is ________(convince) evidence of a link between exposure to the sun and skin cancer． 3．It ________(acknowledge) that we can't see a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world． 4．(2023·浙江1月卷改)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took the bird outside, ________(close) the door securely behind me． 5．The librarian insists that John ________(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed． 6．________(convince) that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．He insisted ________ his innocence, saying to the judges that he was set up by his partner． 2．You may think the solution is perfect, but ________ the contrary it is far from satisfactory． 3．Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health． 4．As is often the case ________ elderly people, Grandpa talked about my new hair style for at least 50 minutes! 5．(2020·天津卷)According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless ________ the past and present are the same． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Regardless of all the challenges, he managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and ________(brave)． 2．________(pack) with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable and true to life． 3．Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, ________(describe) it simply as a “hell”． 4．Its location is marked with a memorial ________(shape) like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains． 5．Through further improvement, the steam engine was widely used in factories ________(power) all types of machines． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people ________ board． 2．For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages ________ legends． 3．________ the rise of popular history books, the subject is now more accessible than ever． 4．This type of history book presents historical information in a way ________ is easily understood． 5．The surprise attack came as ________ great shock to the whole nation． 6．Today, the USS Arizona lies ________ it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2022·全国甲卷) The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, respected Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team caring for Tilly． ________ A．一群(动物)　B．包，包裹　　C．小盒 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread． ________ A．缓慢下沉 B．心情沉重 C．洗碗槽 3．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them． ________ A．承载，装载 B．装上，装入 C．上车；坐车 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2022·全国乙卷) To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：To strengthen the connection ... , the event included ... activities ... , inviting ... professionals ... to have ... live broadcasts．句中不定式短语To strengthen the connection with young people作________状语，动词­ing形式短语inviting twenty­nine tea professionals ... 作________状语。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide． 本句是一个并列句，可简化为：There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens ... ，and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out ... 。句中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，动词­ing形式短语looking after hens作名词elderly people的后置________，不定式短语to roll it out countrywide作________状语。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Bill was exceptionally enthusiastic about adventures．At age 21, he joined a marine expedition and was assigned 1．________(keep) logs of the voyage．On a freezing cold day, the crew got aboard their ship 2．________(load) with packs of daily necessities, departed from the French coast and headed for Africa．Along the way, Bill admired the breathtaking sea views, ranging from the sunrises and sunsets 3．________ the diving seagulls and the roaring and thundering waves．Meanwhile, these experiences strengthened his understanding of how humans should live in 4．________(harmonious) with the oceans． One day, they were navigating along the scheduled route 5．________， unfortunately, their ship crashed violently into an iceberg．It started to leak, 6．________ (cause) a total chaos among the crew．However, contrary to the reaction of the panicked crew members, the captain remained calm when the ship was about 7．________(sink)．He managed to convince his men not to abandon the hope of survival, promising to take them to safety．8．________(subsequent), all belongings were thrown away except for small boats, food, stoves, blankets and 9．________(compass)．After three days at sea, they landed on a desert island, where they lived miserably 10．________ they were rescued by a passing ship．It was really an unforgettable episode in Bill's life． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①在28年的时间里，郑和成功地领导了总共七次远洋航行。 Within a span of 28 years, Zheng He ________________________． ②他的第一次远征是由200多艘船只组成的庞大舰队，船上有近28 000人。 His first expedition consisted of _____________ of over 200 ships ________________． ③不管前方有何风险，他勇敢地在未知的水域中绘制新的航线，期待有惊人的发现。 ________________ that lay ahead, he fearlessly ___________________________， anticipating ________________________． ④郑和雄心勃勃的远征使他和他的船员得以探索众多王国和地区，并与之建立联系。 Zheng He's ambitious expeditions ___________________________ and establish connections ________________________． ⑤这有助于促进贸易并加强中国与其他国家之间的关系。 This helped __________________ between China and other nations． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于情感、环境描写的词汇 用于动作描写的词汇 harmonious, hell，panic, violently，shore，cottage，route freeze, bleed, insist, astonish, convince Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 我和弟弟正沉浸在风景如画的山景中，突然我们惊讶地发现我们迷路了。更糟糕的是，天渐渐黑了。我们惊慌地向前走着，但在黑暗中，我们很难确定哪条路线是正确的。寒风猛烈地刮着，我们冻得瑟瑟发抖。没有光线，我们仿佛置身于地狱中。我弟弟的脚踝意外受伤了，一直在流血。然而，他坚持前行，相信我们一定能找到出路。最终，一座小屋映入眼帘，这意味着我们可以安全度过这个可怕的夜晚了。 My brother and I were absorbed in enjoying the picturesque mountain scenery when ________________________．To make matters worse, it was getting dark．__________________， but in the darkness it was difficult __________________．__________________ and we were shivering with cold．Without light, __________________．My brother had one of his ankles injured accidentally, ________________．However, he ________________ forward, __________________．Eventually, __________________， which meant that we could go through this terrible night safely． 1/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(三十五) 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　Back to the past Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·福州市质检)These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences． London's Sites of Scientific Interest Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors． Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory．You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy． The Science History of Scotland Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow's most famous scientific thinkers and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards． Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙运动)．Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm． Prehistoric South West England Involve yourself in the early human periods—the Bronze and Iron Ages．A gentle walking tour that explores the prehistoric origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset． Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO-listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums． 1．Which site can you visit along the River Thames? A．Maiden Castle． B．The Falkirk Wheel． C．The Wetland Centre． D．The Salisbury museums． 2．What is the visit to the South West England aimed at? A．A closer look at the past． B．A brief exposure to nature． C．A new view about mysteries． D．A deeper understanding of art． 3．What can visitors expect during all the three trips? A．Talks with experts． B．Visits to museums． C．History explorations． D．Scientific research． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·广东省六校联考)Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona，in north-eastern Spain，for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town．There are injuries and deaths every year，but the event is of interest to many people．A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds． That is a useful topic to explore．Architects，civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire，a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞)．Unfortunately，solid information is hard to come by．Daniel Parisi，the paper's lead author，realized that the Pamplona bull running offered the perfect natural experiment． Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019 and filmed the runners as the animals were released．Later in the lab，they calculated the speed of the runners，the density(密度)of the crowd，the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed． Perhaps unsurprisingly，the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near．Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up，which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision，which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death． Yet it seems that，in the heat of the moment，people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other and do not slow down．The responsibility, therefore, falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels，bridges and other passages that restrict flow．The only option may well be to make them broad enough． 4．What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona? A．They recorded runners in a bull-run event． B．They proved their theory． C．They watched a thrilling bullfight． D．They designed a psychological experiment． 5．What was the unexpected finding in the study? A．People slowed down in crowded areas． B．Collisions posed a danger to bull-runners． C．Bulls' coming near made people run faster． D．People tended to speed up in high-density crowds． 6．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．People lose their minds in disasters． B．Future tunnels and bridges may be wider． C．Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collisions． D．Restricting flow helps to prevent people from colliding with each other． 7．Which is the best title for the text? A．How the Crowds React to Panic B．Bull Running Catches on in Spain C．Dr Parisi's Finding Shocks the World D．What Architects Can Learn from Bull Running C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·黄冈市质量抽测)It's the middle of winter，and the prospect of warm sunny days is a long way off．For some of us, it's the most depressing time of year，when daylight is limited and the weather is often miserable．It is when the winter blues set in．So what can be done to lift our spirits? The shorter days and longer nights can make us feel down，which can cause us to eat more and exercise less．Some fear loneliness and isolation．Those people who suffer from this seasonal mood swings more seriously are described as having the seasonal affective disorder—or SAD for short．It's a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light and is thought to affect the part of the brain that rules sleep，appetite，moods and activity levels． Jenny Scott-Thompson, diagnosed (诊断) with SAD, struggled with periods of tiredness and unhappiness．She was recommended for light therapy (疗法), which involved sitting in front of a light box as well as going outside during daylight hours．This is believed to help anyone who is affected by winter depression． Although having more light is an obvious cure，antidepressants can help those with more severe depression by artificially raising the amount of serotonin (血清素) in the brain．But this isn't suitable for everyone, and many of us can try to just change our mindset．Clinical psychologist Laura Keyes says，“It can be helpful to think about how to adapt your eating and exercise patterns to the change of seasons．” It might sound easier said than done，but accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us．Writing for a social website，Esther De La Ford asks，“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us，instead of being upset about those things that it is taking away？” She suggests we use this time for rest, reflection and slowing down． 8．What is the major cause of winter depression? A．Eating more．　 B．Lack of light． C．Less exercise． D．Feeling lonely． 9．What does the underlined word“antidepressants” refer to in Paragraph 4? A．Doctors． B．Plants． C．Medicines． D．Good habits． 10．How does the author develop his idea in Paragraph 5? A．By describing details． B．By providing evidence． C．By making a comparison． D．By giving an example． 11．What's this passage mainly about? A．The types of SAD． B．The importance of taking action． C．The causes of winter depression． D．The way to stay cheerful in winter． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) Stephanie distinctly remembered watching a basketball movie called Like Mike when she was a kid．The movie's message 1 her, so she showed it to her students while discussing 2 and inclusion(包容)． Over the course of a term, Stephanie did a weeks-long lesson about how our differences make us 3 ， and how we shouldn't judge people until we've “walked a mile in their shoes”．The movie helped 4 this message to her students' real lives． Stephanie had her students measure their feet in class, design their own 5 on paper, and write journals about making 6 about others based on appearances．Since Stephanie collects athletic shoes as a sort of hobby, she began working behind the scenes to make the final lesson in her plan, something her students would never 7 ．Without telling them, Stephanie 8 a pair of white sneakers for every student in her class．She paid for it all out of her own pocket, but as costs 9 ， she eventually asked her community for donations． On the day of the big 10 ， Stephanie opened the boxes of sneakers．The kids went 11 ! Some of them even cried．Each student decorated their 12 shoes with their own sense of style．They had fun making their shoes on their own, and the deeper 13 was not lost on them． As Stephanie put it, “Differences make everybody special！” This is such a(n) 14 way to teach kids the value of not judging others and creativity．We hope more teachers 15 her path and create significant lessons like this one！ 1．A．struck　　　 B．puzzled C．disappointed D．benefited 2．A．patience B．diversity C．friendship D．creativity 3．A．necessary B．ordinary C．strange D．unique 4．A．lead B．relate C．devote D．contribute 5．A．shoes B．clothing C．projects D．movies 6．A．arrangements B．instructions C．complaints D．judgments 7．A．promise B．ignore C．finish D．forget 8．A．designed B．bought C．collected D．washed 9．A．used up B．went out C．added up D．gave out 10．A．disclosure B．challenge C．donation D．choice 11．A．blind B．quiet C．wild D．wrong 12．A．different B．familiar C．new D．colorful 13．A．change B．cause C．lesson D．regret 14．A．fantastic B．official C．ridiculous D．tough 15．A．cross B．block C．choose D．follow 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·苏北四市调研)假定你是李华，上周你校举办了中国传统文化周活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．活动内容； 3．活动反响。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 A Traditional Chinese Culture Week ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 8/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(三十五) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个以科学为主题的旅行。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据London's Sites of Scientific Interest中的“Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory．”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观湿地中心。故选C。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据Prehistoric South West England中的“Involve yourself in the early human periods—the Bronze and Iron Ages．A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset．”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是近距离观察过去。故选A。] 3．A　[细节理解题。根据London's Sites of Scientific Interest中的“Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors．”和The Science History of Scotland中的“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment．”以及Prehistoric South West England中的“Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO-listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums．”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客都可以与专家交谈。故选A。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。Daniel Parisi将西班牙潘普洛纳的奔牛节活动当作自然实验场景，观察人们在危险中是如何表现的，以启示建筑设计师。 4．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr Parisi and his team... the animals were released．”可知，2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳的两个不同的屋顶地点，拍摄了动物被放出时的奔跑者。由此可知，Parisi博士和他的团队记录了奔牛活动中的奔跑者，故选A项。] 5．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up”可知，令人想不到的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。由此可知，研究中让人意外的发现是在高密度人群中，人们往往会加速，故选D项。] 6．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The responsibility therefore... make them broad enough．”可知，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道的建设，唯一的选择可能是使它们变得足够宽。由此可推知，未来的隧道和桥梁很可能会更宽，故选B项。] 7．D　[标题归纳题。浏览全文，尤其是文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文通过奔牛节活动来引出话题，并将此作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景，以便在城市建筑设计师规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道时给出启示。故本文的最佳标题是D项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们冬季忧郁的起因以及治疗对策：对某些人来说他们可以接受光疗以达到治疗的目的，但多数人可以试着改变思维模式以改善现状，因为接受冬天并积极思考会给我们带来活力。 8．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light”可知，人们冬季忧郁是由光线不足引起的季节性的抑郁。故选B。] 9．C　[词义猜测题。根据本句中的“by artificially raising the amount of serotonin in the brain”可知，antidepressants应该是指药物。句意：抗抑郁药可以通过人为提高大脑中血清素的含量来帮助那些患有更严重抑郁症的人们。] 10．D　[写作手法题。本段第一句中的“accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us”指的是接受冬天并积极思考可能会给我们带来活力，后面以Esther De La Ford为社交网站撰文时提出的问题“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us... it is taking away？”为例来进行说明。由此可知，作者是以举例的方式来开展本段内容的，故选D。] 11．D　[主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“So what can be done to lift our spirits？”提出主题，即我们能做些什么来振奋我们的精神。后文皆围绕此主题展开，故选D。文中的“lift our spirits”指振奋精神，与选项D中的“stay cheerful”意义一致。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老师通过有创意的课教学生不轻易评判他人并重视创造力的价值。 1．A　[考查动词。根据空后“so she showed it to her students while discussing and inclusion”可知，这部电影传达的信息给 Stephanie 留下了印象，所以Stephanie 才会给学生看这部电影。strike意为“给(某人以……)印象”，故选 A 项。] 2．B　[考查名词。根据第二段中“Over the course of a term, Stephanie did a weeks-long lesson about how our differences... ”中的 differences 可知， Stephanie 是在讨论多样性和包容性时给学生看了这部电影。diversity 意为“多样性，多样化”，故选B项。] 3．D　[考查形容词。根据最后一段中“Differences make everybody special！”中的 special 可知，此处是说“差异使我们独一无二”。unique 意为“独一无二的”，故选 D项。] 4．B　[考查动词。根据空后“this message to her students' real lives”可知，此处是指这部电影将这一信息与她的学生的真实生活联系起来。relate... to... 意为“把……和……联系起来”，故选 B项。] 5．A　[考查名词。根据倒数第二段中“Each student decorated their shoes with their own sense of style．”可知，此处是指让学生在纸上设计自己的鞋。shoe意为“鞋”，故选 A项。] 6．D　[考查名词。根据第二段中“... we shouldn't judge people until we've ‘walked a mile in their shoes’．”可知，此处是指根据外表对他人进行评价。judgment 意为“看法；意见；评价”，故选D项。] 7．D　[考查动词。根据语境可知，为了她计划中的最后一课， Stephanie秘密地进行准备，为的是让她的学生永远不会忘记这一课。forget意为“忘记”，故选 D项。] 8．B　[考查动词。根据空后的“She paid for it all out of her own pocket... ”可知，此处是指 Stephanie 瞒着班里的学生给他们每个人都买了一双白色运动鞋。故选 B项。] 9．C　[考查动词短语。根据空后“... she eventually asked her community for donations．”可知，此处是指 Stephanie 自掏腰包给班里的每个学生都买了一双白色运动鞋，但随着费用积少成多，她最终向她的社区寻求捐赠。add up意为“积少成多”，故选 C项。] 10．A　[考查名词。根据第三段中“she began working behind the scenes to make the final lesson in her plan”和“Stephanie a pair of white sneakers for every student in her class”可知，此处是指大揭秘的那天。disclosure意为“揭露，公开”。故选 A项。] 11．C　[考查形容词。根据上下文及常识可知，学生看到老师给他们买的新鞋后都兴奋不已，非常激动。go wild意为“变得激动不已”，故选C项。] 12．C　[考查形容词。根据第三段中“Without telling them, Stephanie a pair of white sneakers for every student in her class．”可知，此处是指新鞋。new意为“新的”，故选 C项。] 13．C　[ 考查名词。根据语境和第二段中“Over the course of a term, Stephanie did a weeks-long lesson about how our differences make us ， and how we shouldn't judge people until we've ‘walked a mile in their shoes’．”可知，此处是指学生开心地独立做自己的鞋，也学到了更深刻的一课。lesson意为“课；经验，教训”，故选 C项。] 14．A　[考查形容词。根据空后“to teach kids the value of not judging others and creativity”可知，此处是说这是一种非常棒的方式来教给孩子不评价他人及创造性的价值。fantastic意为“极好的；了不起的”，故选 A项。] 15．D　[考查动词。根据空后“her path and create significant lessons like this one”可知，此处指“希望有更多的老师遵循着她的道路，创造出像这堂课一样有意义的课”。follow 意为“追随，仿效，遵循”，故选 D项。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 A Traditional Chinese Culture Week A traditional Chinese culture week campaign was launched last week in our school to enhance students' confidence in our national culture． During the campaign，we students were encouraged to participate in numerous cultural activities，including singing Chinese folk songs，attending Chinese calligraphy classes and introducing traditional Chinese festivals．Every one of us chose one to our taste, and we enjoyed ourselves very much． The campaign is a success and has gained popularity among us students，which will encourage us to further spread Chinese culture in the future． 5/5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$