第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

Scientists who changed the world 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(人物描写)(2024·潍坊市模拟)I was like a leaf floating in a large pool peacefully, everything silent under water． 2．(神态描写)(2024·长春质量监测)She said heartily, and the smile on her face shone like a diamond． 3．(景物描写)(2024·肇庆适应性测试)Snow fell silently from the black sky and covered Grandpa's chair in a blanket of white． (2024·泰安市模拟)However, when another half an hour passed, my anger turned to fear．What if something terrible had happened to my dad, like he had a sudden heart attack or was caught in an accident, or something else ? I began to get really worried, feeling like sitting on pins and needles． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 2．________ n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi．做试验，进行实验；尝试 3．________ n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验 4．________ n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 5．________ vt．& vi．组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 6．________ n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 7．________ n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于 8．________ vt．表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 9．________ vt．出版，发行；发表；公布 1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A study ________(conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime． 2．The Estonian parliament has passed a resolution ________(declare) the republic fully independent． 3．Wearing a seat belt significantly increases your chance for ________(survive) in a car accident． 4．Normally, the bonus ________(credit) to the customer's account automatically after the first deposit is made． 5．Alice spent two years conducting ________(trial) to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth­friendly． 6．One day, the ________(bomb) stopped and the soldiers left, but the war was not over yet． 7．If you want to have your writing ________(publish) in our magazine, please contact us by email． 8．(2020·北京卷)Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补), as craftsmen ________(experiment) with glass to better bend light． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．limit n．& vt．限制→________ adj．有限的→________ n．限制；局限；极限 2．illustrate vt．说明，解释；加插图于→________ n．图解，图示 3．indicate vt．表明；暗示；提及；指出→________ n．表明；暗示→________ n．指示器 4．intelligent adj．有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→________ n．才智 5．science n．科学→________ adj．科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→________ n．科学家 6．ignore vt．忽视；不理睬→________ n．无知→________ adj．不了解的，无知的；无礼的 7．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→________ n．允许，许可 8．responsible adj．负责的→________ n．责任，负责；职责，义务 9．nation n．国家；民族→________ adj．国家的；全国的；民族的 n．公民→________ n．国籍；民族 10．marry vt．结婚→________ n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 1．Because of being too fat, Wei Fang began to place a ________ on the amount of the food she ate．For a time, her diet was ________ simply to fruits and vegetables．(limit) 2．All economic ________ are better than expected, an ________ that the country's economy continues its strong recovery．(indicate) 3．Children are not born with equal ________， but dull ones can become as ________ as others if taught properly．(intelligent) 4．Many a ________ considers this important ________ discovery as a great breakthrough in medical ________．(science) 5．For humans, being ________ can be frustrating, but the problem is not ________ itself．It's the trouble we get into by not recognizing it．(ignorant) 6．I will come to your assistance if time ________， but I should ask my headmaster's ________ first．(permit) 7．We'll be ________ for your safety but you'll have to take ________ for your actions．(responsible) 8．As far as I can remember, only a few ________ recognize a ________ as having dual(双重的) ________．(nation) 9．There were rumors that they secretly obtained a ________ certificate and ________ in Hong Kong later．(marry) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ (使)加速 2．___________ 成功，奏效，达到目的 3．___________ 反复试验 4．___________ 偶然，意外地 5．___________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 6．___________ 使某人失望 7．___________ 关于，至于 8．___________ 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 9．___________ 提出，提议，建议 10．___________ 远非，几乎相反 11．___________ (以某种方式)发生；开火，爆炸；离开 1．(2023·全国乙卷)So she ___________ about 1，200 miles away from home, to train with a coach from China． 2．The proposal ___________ by Dobrindt aims to prevent serious property damage． 3．The driver decided ___________ to reach the destination ahead of time． 4．I came into adult life but knew nothing about a lot of things that most people ___________． 5．That afternoon, he felt thirsty, and while looking for water, came over to this spring ___________． 6．My teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades, but I ___________ time and time again． 7．A summer's worth of effort ___________ when China narrowly defeated Jordan, 70－69, to claim the title at the 26th FIBA Asia Championship． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．强调句型it was not until ... that ... However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments． 直到晚上很晚，才传来令人振奋的消息，这让我们欣喜若狂。 _____________________________ there came the exciting news, which made us wild with joy．(续写之情感描写) 2．“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things． 一个人如果不努力，终将难以取得任何重要成就。 Nobody can ________________________ unless he works very hard．(续写之主题升华) 1．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________(intend) for everyone． ②But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended ________ him, he did something special． ③You write an unkind message about someone, ________(intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing． (普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success． (高级表达)The programme, __________________， turned out to be a great success．(使用分词作定语) (高级表达)The programme, __________________， turned out to be a great success．(使用介词短语) ◎intend doing/to do sth打算做某事 ◎intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 ◎be intended for ... 专为……而设计的；专供……使用的 ◎be intended to do sth目的是做某事 ◎intention n．意图；目的；打算 ◎with the intention of doing sth打算或意图做某事；为了做某事 ◎books intended for beginners为初学者编写的书籍 ◎a programme that is intended to raise awareness of environmental protection旨在提高环境保护意识的计划 ◎with the intention of making a fortune为了发财 2．refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 写出句中refer to的汉语意思 ①In fact, tradition refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created． ________ ②What I laughingly refer to as my garden is a corner lot by our postage­stamp size house． ________ ③I don't think it makes any sense to refer to the rising unemployment in your yesterday's speech． ________ 郎平，以前被称为“铁榔头”，带领中国队在2016年里约奥运会上取得胜利，还夺得两届世界杯冠军。 Lang Ping, ________________________________ the “Iron Hammer”， led China to victory at the 2016 Rio Olympics, and also claimed two World Cups． ◎refer to ... as ... 把……称作…… ◎refer ... to ... 把……提交给…… ◎reference n．提到，谈及；参考 ◎in/with reference to关于 ◎refer to his notes now and then不时地查阅笔记 ◎promise not to refer to the matter again答应不再提及此事 ◎refer your complaint to the market management department将你的投诉提交给市场管理部 3．postpone vt．延迟，延期 ①I shall postpone ________(make) a decision till I learn full particulars． ②It is totally out of the question ________(postpone) the midnight deadline． ③In case of rain the mass meeting will be postponed ________ the first fine day． (普通表达)They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers． (高级表达)They decided to ________ having a baby to establish their careers． ◎postpone (doing) sth推迟(做)某事 ◎postpone ... till/until/to ... 把……推迟到…… ◎put off/delay doing sth推迟做某事 ◎postpone holding the sports meet推迟举办运动会 ◎postpone the meeting until next week把会议推迟到下周 ◎postpone the match to a later date把比赛推迟到以后某个日期 4．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City． ②(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its ________(surrounding)． ③(2020·浙江7月卷)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which ________(surround) by a high wire fence． 看到河面上升起的薄雾，柔软的云朵缭绕山巅，他不禁泪流满面。 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and ________________________， he was reduced to tears． ◎surround ... with ... 用……包围/围绕…… ◎be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围 ◎surround oneself with sb喜欢结交某人 ◎surrounding adj．周围的 ◎surroundings n．环境 ◎be surrounded on all sides被四面包围住 ◎search the surrounding neighborhood搜查周边地区 ◎work in pleasant surroundings在愉快的环境中工作 5．favour vt．较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 ①In order to win the support of voters, no politician favours ________(cut) public spending． ②(2020·天津卷)Asking ________ favour of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen­year­old girl． ③(2020·天津卷)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle­aged in this city were ________ favour of the proposal for health care reform． 毕竟，机会只青睐那些准备充分且不断前行的人。 After all, ________________________ who are well prepared and keep moving． ◎favour (doing) sth赞成(做)某事 ◎ask sb a favour/ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙 ◎do sb a favour/do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙 ◎in favour of同意；支持；优先选择 ◎in one's favour/in favour of sb有利于某人 ◎win the teacher's favour受到老师的青睐 ◎owe you a favour 欠你一个人情 ◎be/fall out of favour失宠；不受青睐 6．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 ①Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ________(spend) quite a lot of time with students． ②(2021·天津3月卷)We all need to get ________(involve) in saving energy whether it's at work, at home, or at school． ③The research, ________(involve) 32 children, suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious． (普通表达)It's of great significance to allow young people to join in social practice regularly． (高级表达)It's of great significance to get young people ________ social practice regularly． ◎involve sb in (doing) sth使某人参与(做)某事 ◎involve doing sth包括或需要做某事 ◎involve sb doing sth需要某人做某事 ◎involved adj．参与的；有关联的 ◎be/become/get involved in参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于 ◎get sb involved in使某人卷入；让某人参与 ◎like to get involved in politics喜欢参与政治 ◎the cost involved in the project与这一项目有关的费用 ◎a serious incident involving a group of youths涉及一群年轻人的严重事故 7．charge [课本义]vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管　[增补义]vi．(为进攻)冲向 ①I just couldn't imagine such a kind man as Tom ________(charge) with theft． ②In this hospital it is the nurse ________ charge who will explain to the patient what the treatment will be like． ③(2020·天津5月卷)If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡5 ___________(charge) for the production of a replacement card． 那只饥饿的老虎突然发出一声咆哮，一跃而起，张着血盆大口扑向小羊羔。 With a sudden roar, the fierce hungry tiger __________________， opening its mouth full of sharp teeth． ◎take charge of ... 掌管/负责…… ◎in charge of ... 控制/管理…… ◎in the charge of sb/in one's charge由某人管理或负责 ◎charge (sb) for ... (向某人)收取……的费用 ◎charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人(做了)某事 ◎fix my bike free of charge免费给我修自行车 ◎be charged with abuse of power被控滥用职权 ◎come charging into my room冲进我的房间 8．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关 ①(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying ________ food courses at UK universities and colleges． ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改)If you are willing to apply ________(you), I think you have a good shot at this writing contest． ③(2021·浙江6月卷)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training ________ new faces in the testing stage． 父亲在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。 Father ________________________， and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast． ◎apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物 ◎apply ... to ... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上 ◎apply to ... 适应……；适用于…… ◎apply oneself (to sth/doing sth)努力(做某事) ◎applicant n．申请人 ◎application n．申请；申请书；适用 ◎apply one's mind to finding a solution to the problem专心寻找解决问题的办法 ◎apply cream to the affected area on the body把药膏抹在身上受感染的部位 ◎apply for citizenship after five years' residency居住五年后申请公民资格 9．[教材原句]Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．受1 600多年前一篇关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的文章的启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，并尝试在低温下提取青蒿素，以免损坏其有效成分。 ①________(touch) by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all． ②Moved ________ their glorious deeds, Li Jiang is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future． ③(2022·全国甲卷)________(inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road． 沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜不已，我们悠然自得地赶往目的地。 Bathed in the sunshine and ____________________， we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination． 教材原句中的Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text ... 是动词­ed形式短语作原因状语，相当于As she was inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text ... 。动词­ed形式作原因状语是一种常见的语言现象，此时分词动作通常与句子的主语具有被动关系。 Struck by overwhelming joy, I studied the tricycle up and down, from its rusty handle to the worn­out wheels, as if it were a daydream．我欣喜若狂，上下打量着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．As a freshman, I will probably postpone ________(take) the course of statistics． 2．It is reported that an increasing number of people favour ________(build) more nuclear power plants． 3．It is obvious that the magazine is intended ________ (appeal) to working women in their 20s and 30s． 4．Greatly ________(touch) by his story, we decided to launch a campaign to donate money to poor children． 5．The plan ________(charge) drivers for the use of the motorway will seriously affect those who frequently travel． 6．No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get ________(involve) in various activities on Earth Day． 7．The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”－a term ________(refer) to papers made widely available to the public． 8．We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, ________(surround) by people who are deeply focused on their smartphones． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．Intended mainly ________ teenagers, this book is well received among young readers． 2．I'd like to know how much you charge ________ your services before I make a reservation． 3．While her observations may be true about some men, they could hardly apply ________ the entire gender． 4．It wasn't until the election started that I recognized that my competitors had lots of things ________ their favour． 5．Wang Shu, a Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize－which is often referred to ________ the Nobel Prize in architecture－on February 28． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients now have had a greatly ________(increase) chance of survival． 2．When they failed to produce any ________(promise) results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again． 3．To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered ________(test) qinghao extract on themselves first． 4．Our annual school Science Festival finished on Friday and once again it was ________(amaze) fun． 5．Thanks to the ________(science) effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic． 6．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China ________(receive) a Nobel Prize． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．She collected many Chinese medical recipes ________ malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs． 2．The trials ________ patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data． 3．Perhaps the next generation of scientists will indeed discover more medicines beneficial ________ global health care． 4．The experiment allowed students to get a taste of ________ it was like to live in outer space． 5．The Science Festival has proved to be ________ huge success due to all of the students' hard work． 6．Now, we scientists take it for granted ________ it is perfectly possible to live and not know． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd． ________ A．信用　　　B．学分　　　C．把……归功于 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge． ________ A．收费 B．冲锋 C．指控 3．(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied． ________ A．使用 B．申请 C．涂抹 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The plan will extend protection to ... areas ... , bringing many ... areas ... under one authority to ... 。句中的that引出一个________从句，bringing ... under one authority是动词­ing形式短语作________状语，后面的不定式to increase ... and reduce ... 在句中作________状语。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为： The set of speech sounds ... has not necessarily remained stable ... , but ... the huge variety of speech sounds ... is the product of ... 。句中的but rather连接前后两个分句，第一个分句中的we use是________从句修饰sounds，since ... 是介词短语作________状语，第二个分句中的that we find today也是________从句，修饰sounds。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ At age 14, Liu Ziming spotted a book on traditional Chinese medicine quite by accident and quickly developed a keen interest in it．He devoted himself to studying the subject, 1．________(intend) to become a doctor when he grew up．One day, a deadly disease struck his village．To find a cure, he 2．________(refer) to many medical books and eventually discovered certain herbs that proved to be effective in treating the disease．The villagers' 3．________(survive) inspired him so much that he conducted more scientific experiments, acquiring 4．________ broader knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine．At that time, due to limited funding and equipment, he had 5．________(difficult) gathering sufficient data, but he managed to overcome all the challenges．Years later, his efforts paid off when he published a 6．________(nice) illustrated book on traditional Chinese medicine, which permits those 7．________ are ignorant of it to benefit a lot．Liu Ziming often travelled around and delivered 8．________(lecture) in different provinces, encouraging doctors to apply the principles of traditional Chinese medicine 9．________ their practices．He also urged authorities at all levels to grant doctors the freedom to do research in this field, emphasizing that Chinese doctors had the responsibility 10．________(advance) traditional Chinese medicine and make beneficial contributions to global health care． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①李华是我们学校中的杰出学生之一。 Li Hua is ____________________________________________________________________ in our school． ②他最近出版了一本自己写的书，展现出卓越的才华。 He ________________________ that he wrote himself, showcasing his remarkable talent． ③他仍保持谦逊，不寻求炫耀自己的成就。 He remains humble and does not seek ____________________________________________________________________________________________． ④他坦然承认自己目前的知识还非常有限。 He openly acknowledges that ____________________________________________________________________________________________． ⑤科学领域中还有更多的东西需要他去探索。 There are _________________________ for him to explore． ⑥他计划积极参与更多的志愿者活动，认为这对他未来的生涯有益。 He plans to __________________ more volunteer activities, which he believes ________________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于动作描写的词汇 用于人物、环境描写的词汇 surround, let sb down，permit, put forward evil, marriage, lightning, thunder, bang Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 一天晚上，汤姆被雷电惊醒。当他起身去关窗时，无意中听到父母在讨论怎样庆祝他们结婚20周年。父亲提出举办一个家庭聚会的建议，母亲同意了。她甚至允许他邀请几个最好的朋友。想到自己一直被父母的爱包围着，汤姆对父母心存感激。于是，他决定给父母一个特别的惊喜。在聚会上，汤姆把精心准备的礼物送给了父母，这让他们非常激动，泪水很快模糊了他们的双眼。这份礼物没有让他的父母失望，汤姆很高兴。 One night, Tom ________________．When he got up to close the window, he overheard his parents discussing ________________．Father ________ for a family reunion and Mother agreed．She even ________________．Thinking that ________________， Tom was very grateful to them．So he decided to ________________．At the party, Tom presented ________________ to his parents, which made them so excited that __________________．Tom was very happy that ________________． 1/16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．survival　2．experiment　3．trial　4．wisdom　5．conduct　6．bomb　7．credit　8．declare　9．publish 语境运用 1．conducted　2．declaring　3．survival　4．will be credited　5．trials　6．bombing　7．published　8．experimented 派生单词 1．limited；limitation　2．illustration　3．indication；indicator　4．intelligence　5．scientific；scientist　6．ignorance；ignorant　7．permission　8．responsibility　9．national；nationality　10．marriage 语境运用 1．limitation；limited　2．indicators；indication　3．intelligence；intelligent　4．scientist；scientific；science　5．ignorant；ignorance　6．permits；permission　7．responsible；responsibility　8．nations；national；nationality　9．marriage；married 高频短语 1．speed up　2．pay off　3．through trial and error　4．by accident　5．with a bang　6．let sb down　7．as to　8．take sth for granted　9．put forward　10．far from　11．go off 语境运用 1．went off　2．put forward　3．to speed up　4．took for granted　5．by accident　6．let him down　7．paid off 写作佳句背诵 1．It was not until late in the evening that　2．achieve anything of real significance 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①intended　②for　③intending [完美写作]intended to provide help for the homeless；with the intention of providing help for the homeless 2．①指的是　②称之为　③提及；谈到 [完美写作]formerly referred to as 3．①making　②to postpone　③till/until/to [完美写作]postpone/delay 4．①surrounded　②surroundings　③was surrounded [完美写作]the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops 5．①cutting　②a　③in [完美写作]opportunity favours only those 6．①spending　②involved　③involving [完美写作]involved in 7．①being charged　②in　③is charged/will be charged [完美写作]sprang to its feet and charged at the little lamb 8．①for　②yourself　③to [完美写作]applied some medicine to Jeff's hand 9．①Touched　②by　③Inspired [完美写作]delighted by the fantastic scenery along the way 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．taking　2．building　3．to appeal　4．touched　5．to charge　6．involved　7．referring　8．surrounded Ⅱ．1．for　2．for　3．to　4．in　5．as 层级二 Ⅰ．1．increased　2．promising　3．to test　4．amazing　5．scientific　6．to receive Ⅱ．1．for　2．on　3．to　4．what　5．a　6．that 层级三 Ⅰ．1．C　2．B　3．A Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：定语；伴随；目的 尝试翻译：该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未受保护的地区。为了提高效率，减少管理上的不协调，将由一个官方机构统一管理许多现有的大熊猫保护区。 2．化繁为简：定语；时间；定语 尝试翻译：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并非是稳固不变的，而实际上，我们今天所发现的种类繁多的语音是诸如生物变化和文化进化等复杂因素相互作用的产物。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．intending　2．referred　3．survival　4．a　5．difficulty　6．nicely　7．who　8．lectures　9．to　10．to advance 维度二 Step 1． ①one of the standout students　②has recently published a book　③to show off his achievements　④his current knowledge is still very limited　⑤many more things in scientific fields　⑥actively involve himself in；is beneficial to his future career Step 2． Li Hua is one of the standout students in our school．He has recently published a book that he wrote himself, showcasing his remarkable talent．However, he remains humble and does not seek to show off his achievements．He openly acknowledges that his current knowledge is still very limited and that there are many more things in scientific fields for him to explore．Moreover, he plans to actively involve himself in more volunteer activities, which he believes is beneficial to his future career． 维度三 Step 2． was awakened by thunder and lightning；how to celebrate their 20 years of marriage；put forward a proposal；permitted him to invite some of their best friends；he had been surrounded by his parents' love；offer his parents a special surprise；his carefully prepared gift；tears soon blurred their eyes；the gift did not let his parents down 1/88 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十三) 必修第三册　UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) The Duke of Edinburgh's Award has picked some activities to help build confidence, independence and adaptability among youngsters． Set Yourself a Physical Challenge Learn survival skills at Sani Resort on Greece's Halkidiki coast．The activity is sponsored by the Bear Grylls Survival Academy．Lessons include ways of hiding outdoors, seeking routes, building boats and finding food in the wild． Price：￡33.50 per day, per person． Spend Time in Nature Head to Ecuador's Mashpi Lodge to experience about 6，200 acres of cloud forest in an excellent reserve of this country，flying through the treetops on the Sky Bike and Dragonfly Canopy Gondola．The tour is guided by Mashpi's team of local naturalist guides． Price：￡1，030 per room per night，including transfers(换乘) from Quito and all meals and guided activities within the reserve．Out-of-Ecuador tourists need to pay for flying． Travel Somewhere New It can be particularly rewarding for young people when they step out of their comfort zone．There's nowhere better than the wilds of South Africa．Scott Dunn's teen programme offers an African adventure with two unforgettable experiences to observe wild animals，including a trip to Marakele National Park． Price：￡6，000 a person． Experience a Digital Detox (脱瘾治疗) Join Metropolitan Touring's journey to the Galápagos Islands．Twin it with a digital switch-off，book day trips with expert guides, and travel around the active Sierra Negra volcano．Activities include heading to Santa Cruz Island on the hotel's boat，diving and surfing． Price：￡2，730 per person，double occupancy，including all accommodation，return inter-island flights, tours and meals． 1．What is excluded from the charge for the travel to Mashpi Lodge? A．International flights． B．Changes of vehicles． C．Touring in the reserve． D．Diets during the travel． 2．Which activity is most attractive to wild creature lovers? A．Spend time in nature． B．Travel somewhere new． C．Experience a digital detox． D．Set yourself a physical challenge． 3．What can tourists do during Metropolitan Touring's journey? A．Enjoy a flexible tour． B．Use special digital devices． C．Learn some survival skills． D．Experience water sports． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·济南市模拟)On Mondays，two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way．Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and a cup of hot chocolate．Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school． When I first let them sign up for the forest school program, I loved the idea, but as a mum, I was concerned about a few things：Would they be comfortable outside for that long? Would they stay engaged for that many hours? Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly, they stared at me in confusion．They didn't understand my question, which fittingly removed my concern． In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake．They are never told their play is too high or too sharp but are rather trusted to self-adjust．Something else my sons appreciate about the forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity，but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows． “What about all the things they're missing in real school？” concerned parents have asked me．Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it's a problem, but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach．They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that's virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting．They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups．They cooperate together，using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games． I appreciate that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with the outdoors．They're learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature，what to do to pass the time, and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades． 4．What is special about the forest school program? A．Teachers engage in kids' play． B．Kids play and learn outdoors． C．It focuses on nature protection． D．It offers various foods and drinks． 5．How did the author feel about kids' reaction to her question? A．Awkward．　 B．Concerned． C．Relieved． D．Proud． 6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The concerns caused by the program． B．The benefits gained from role-play． C．The skills acquired by children． D．The games loved by teachers． 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Nature：a Wonderland for the Young B．The Forest School Program Proves a Hit C．Parks Are Replacing Traditional Schools D．Forest School：a Fine Place for My Kids C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·重庆市调研)In 1665, Johannes Vermeer put the last drop of paint onto a canvas and completed his masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring．But years later on an April day a cyclist named Janine Strong stopped her bike and watched unexpectedly in her fitness app as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer's masterpiece over streets． Ms．Strong creates what has come to be known as “GPS art”．It is an art category, which means you go outside with your handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and start moving．The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track．This track is a line that details the path you've travelled．When you look at this line on the map，then you can see various shapes．Ms．Strong plans her rides in the shape of stars, birds, lions—and the occasional Vermeer．Then to complete the digital vision of Vermeer's masterpiece, she biked almost 50 miles around a city to make sure each turn and circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer's original． This kind of art form has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people in fitness apps．It is particularly popular in the app, Strava, and experienced a surge in use．According to a report，more than three billion activities have been uploaded to Strava since the beginning of 2020． The “GPS art” can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale landscape drawings, a concept gradually known to the world．It even has its own Guinness World Records categories．There was once a couple who completed a 4，500-mile bike ride across Europe that resulted in a 600-mile-wide GPS drawing of a bicycle—the largest such drawing on record． 8．What is “GPS art” based on Paragraph 2? A．It is a system established by Janine Strong． B．It is a line recording the path you travelled． C．It is an art form realized by GPS tracking． D．It is an application software creating pictures． 9．How did Janine Strong finish her digital vision of Vermeer's masterpiece? A．By painting casually on her canvas． B．By accidentally using her fitness app． C．By occasionally running around the city． D．By carefully planning and cycling around． 10．What does the underlined phrase “a surge”probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．A sudden rise．　　　 B．A great success． C．A sharp reduction． D．A severe downturn． 11．What can we learn from this passage? A．“GPS art” can be completed only on Strava． B．Strava is an app for people to draw pictures． C．The art form of “GPS art”is getting known worldwide． D．Janine Strong created the largest drawing in the world． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·广东省六校联考)Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen． In 2020, I 1 with a newly founded social enterprise，which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired (受损的)trainee 2 ．I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful 3 with people, and I was fully 4 throughout the entire time I was there．This was unlike some other types of volunteering，which may involve mostly behind-the-scenes work that can get 5 after a while． We called ourselves “sighted assistants”and each of us was 6 with a visually impaired trainee chef．As a volunteer，I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village 7 ，and then ensure their 8 as they learned to cook a new dish．This included helping them 9 the position of the sink，ensuring proper use of electrical appliances, 10 boiling and hot objects，as well as being careful with knives among other things． Being there with them made me truly 11 how difficult life can be when you are 12 or completely blind．Every tiny task 13 massive effort．There are so many people with 14 ，I realised．While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions, we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life 15 and more meaningful for them． 1．A．met　　　　 B．cooperated C．started D．volunteered 2．A．managers B．volunteers C．chefs D．doctors 3．A．interaction B．appointment C．greeting D．conflict 4．A．confused B．engaged C．surprised D．disturbed 5．A．promising B．frightening C．challenging D．boring 6．A．faced B．compared C．paired D．equipped 7．A．lesson B．enterprise C．room D．kitchen 8．A．satisfaction B．safety C．pleasure D．success 9．A．leave out B．miss out C．figure out D．point out 10．A．avoiding B．touching C．approaching D．feeling 11．A．appreciate B．imagine C．predict D．think 12．A．temporarily B．partly C．accidentally D．originally 13．A．simplifies B．causes C．takes D．offers 14．A．disabilities B．difficulties C．determination D．power 15．A．luckier B．tougher C．happier D．easier 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·沈阳市重点高中联盟测试)假设你是李华，你市的科技馆将在本周末举办“中国之太空探索”图片展，你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他前往观看，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．时间与地点； 3．图片展的内容及目的或意义。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Carl， ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 8/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十三) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个帮助青少年建立自信、增强独立性以及提高适应能力的旅行项目。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据题干中的Mashpi Lodge可查找到Spend Time in Nature部分。根据该部分中的“Out-of-Ecuador tourists need to pay for flying．”可知，国际航班的费用不包括在Mashpi Lodge的旅行费用之内。故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据Travel Somewhere New部分中的“Scott Dunn's teen programme offers an African adventure with two unforgettable experiences to observe wild animals，including a trip to Marakele National Park．”可知，Travel somewhere new 对野生动物爱好者最具吸引力。故选B。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的 Metropolitan Touring's journey可查找到 Experience a Digital Detox部分。根据该部分中的“Activities include heading to Santa Cruz Island on the hotel's boat，diving and surfing．”可知，游客可以体验一些水上运动。故选D。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的两个儿子在森林学校项目中的收获以及该项目的好处。 4．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In this program，kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake．”和第四段中的“my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach... nature up close”可知，在森林学校项目中，孩子们可以在户外玩耍，也可以在户外学习不同的技能，故B项正确。] 5．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... they stared at me in confusion．They didn't understand my question, which fittingly removed my concern．”可知，孩子们困惑地看着作者，他们没弄明白作者的问题，这让作者消除了自己的担心，由此可以推断，孩子们对作者的问题的反应让作者感到很放心，故C项正确。] 6．C　[段落大意题。根据第四段中的“but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills... They are learning... They are making social connections... They cooperate together”可知，本段主要讲到了孩子们从森林学校项目中学到的技能，故C项正确。] 7．D　[标题归纳题。根据本文内容尤其是最后一段中的“I appreciate that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with the outdoors．They're learning”可知，本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子参加森林学校项目的故事和这个项目带来的好处，故D项“森林学校：我孩子的好去处”最适合作本文的标题。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了GPS艺术的起源以及发展。GPS艺术是通过创建圆点类型的轨迹详细记录骑行者所走过的路线。这种艺术形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，可以被认为是21世纪的大型风景画，并且这一概念逐渐为世界所知。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is an art category... The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track．”可知，GPS艺术是一个艺术类别，通过创建圆点类型的轨迹来记录你的运动，该句话与选项C意义一致，即这是一种通过GPS跟踪实现的艺术形式，故选C。] 9．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ms．Strong plans her rides... circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer's original．”可知，Ms．Strong用星星、鸟、狮子的形状设计她的骑行且为了完成Vermeer这幅杰作的数字视觉，她在城市里骑了近50英里的自行车，以确保每一个转弯和圈都准确地覆盖了Vermeer的原作，即通过认真设计并骑行完成了Vermeer这幅杰作的数字视觉，故选D。] 10．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知，这种“GPS艺术”形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，普通人可以在健身应用程序中使用，它在应用程序Strava中特别受欢迎。由此可知，画线词应表示增加的意思，故选A。] 11．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The‘GPS art’can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale landscape drawings, a concept gradually known to the world．”可知，“GPS艺术”可以被认为是21世纪的大型风景画，这一概念逐渐为世界所知，故选C。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者当志愿者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪，这样的经历使作者领悟到一些道理。 1．D　[根据第一段的内容可知，在2020年，作者自愿(volunteered)加入一家新成立的社会企业，该企业为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供烹饪课程。] 2．C　[考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“a visually impaired trainee chef”可知，此处应选C项。chef“厨师”。] 3．A　[根据下文中的“with people”可知，此处表示的是和人们之间的互动(interaction)。] 4．B　[根据语境可知，作者全程应是忙着的(engaged)。] 5．D　[结合常识可知，幕后工作应是很快就变得无聊(boring)了。] 6．C　[根据上文“We called ourselves‘sighted assistants’”可知，作者作为助手应是为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供帮助，即每个人都匹配了一名厨师。] 7．D　[根据常识可知，作者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪，此处应该表示去厨房。故选D项。] 8．B　[根据下文“This included helping... among other things．”可知，当有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪时，他们会遇到很多问题，而志愿者在身边会确保他们的安全(safety)。] 9．C　[根据空后的“the position of the sink”可知，此处表示弄清楚(figure out)洗碗槽的位置。] 10．A　[根据空后的“boiling and hot objects”及常识可知，应是避免(avoiding)接触沸腾和热的物体。] 11．A　[根据下文中的“how difficult life can be when you are or completely blind”可知，作者通过此次志愿者的经历理解了视觉障碍者的生活的艰难。] 12．B　[根据下文中表示选择关系的“or”可知，和他们在一起让作者真正体会到当部分(partly)或完全失明时，生活会多么艰难。] 13．C　[根据上文“how difficult life can be when you are or completely blind”可知，失明使生活不容易，因此生活中的每一个小任务都需要巨大的努力。] 14．A　[根据文章内容可知，作者意识到有很多残疾人。故选A项。] 15．D　[此处与上文的“how difficult life can be”相呼应，作者认为我们不缺少方法让这些人的生活变得更容易(easier)。故选D项。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear Carl， Knowing you are keen on space, I can't wait to invite you to a photo exhibition whose theme is China's space exploration． The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 a．m．this weekend．To enable the general public to know more about China's space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore space despite lots of difficulties． I believe you will be interested in it and I'm looking forward to your reply． Yours， Li Hua 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十四) 必修第三册　UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·福州市质量检测)The natural world provides humans with essential services．For instance, forests channel water into rivers that irrigate crops while their roots prevent landslides．Over decades, therefore, governments have made promises about preserving the world's biodiversity． However, those promises have been broken many times, which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments．One step towards avoiding yet more disappointment is to emphasize the close link between preserving biodiversity and the widely held goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions．Unfortunately, less known is the link between them． Given that biodiversity plays an important role in meeting these carbon-reduction goals, you might think it would feature highly in the net-zero emissions plans．Not so．For example, faced with the tighter regulation of emissions, many companies are now channeling more time and cash into their firms' carbon footprint reduction and energy transition, yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity． That needs to change．Safeguarding biodiversity is an efficient way to control carbon emissions．Companies and investment firms should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems．By investing in biodiversity—directing capital to projects that repair an ecosystem—companies can offset (抵消) their emissions．By some estimates, projects to manage carbon-rich wetlands and to reforest cleared land could provide more than one-third of the emissions reductions that are needed to prevent more than 2 ℃ of global warming． The key to managing more capital is better measurement so that the link between investment in natural projects, biodiversity and carbon is made clear．Today, some so-called carbonoffset projects that involve firms paying money are questionable and not supported by evidence．Better guidelines and practice can help, and so can new technology．Drones and satellites can improve the measurement of biodiversity, and accounting systems can measure how spending on biodiversity compares with pouring cash into other kinds of carbon management． 1．What do we know about biodiversity? A．Its importance is undervalued． B．Its link with carbon emissions is clear． C．It is the source of carbon dioxide． D．It gets promising benefits from governments． 2．Why is “many companies” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To clarify a rule． B．To make a conclusion． C．To explain a plan． D．To support an opinion． 3．What is the benefit of safeguarding biodiversity? A．Rebuilding wetlands． B．Redirecting capital． C．Cutting carbon emissions． D．Transforming energy． 4．What message does the writer convey in the text? A．The natural world deserves more investment． B．The key to managing capital is new regulations． C．It is hard to achieve net-zero carbon emissions． D．It is worthwhile spending money on clean energy． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·武汉市调研)Having a good sense of humor makes you more likeable． 1 ．Here's how you can develop your sense of humor． ·Surround Yourself with Humor You learn more effectively when you fully expose yourself to a subject．Similarly, you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor．Watch stand-up comedians．Listen to programs that amuse you．Read humorous books． 2 ． ·Learn What Amuses You 3 ．We amuse our friends by praising a change they made．However, when it comes to being funny, don't change your sense of humor to amuse other people．Instead, start with what amuses you．Then，if you think the other person will also be amused by it, share it with him/her． ·Think about Timing and the Audience You don't have to be funny all the time, so don't expect that of yourself．When you catch yourself trying to be funny, slow down．Simply speak slower so you're not as likely to stop and repeat yourself．Try speaking at 60%－70% of your usual rate． 4 ． · 5 You don't need to seize every single opportunity to be funny．If you're in the middle of a bad joke, just end it．“You know what—now that I'm telling it, it's not as funny as it sounded in my head” can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit, but it saves everyone's time and patience．In the long run, they'll respect your taste． A．Be Creative, Not Silly B．Pause in between sentences C．There's a lot of fun out there D．You might also do better at work E．Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself F．You can also try your hand in the real world G．A lot of times，we say things purely to please others Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·潍坊市统考)National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek has just hiked across Erlang Mountain in Southwest China's Sichuan Province．This is just a start of his 1．________(ambition) plan of trekking(徒步旅行)in China． As a trekker with global footprints，Salopek is committed to experiencing different cultures all over the world and 2．________(record)the lives of people he encounters on his journey．China, a large country with diverse natural and human landscapes, 3．________(be) an important stop on Salopek's global trek． Starting in September 2021, Salopek set off from Yunnan Province and 4．________(plan) to walk through many regions．“My route is not always to famous tourist landmarks，”says the explorer，who likes to visit grassroots areas 5．________(find)real life．“It could be someone's dinner table, 6．________ the sight of an old Bai ethnic man weaving at home．”Because every step of the way is new to him，Salopek tries to keep an open mind about 7．________ he can seek memorable things． Salopek is also witnessing China's achievements in the fields of ecology，wildlife conservation．“I hiked across other places 8．________(empty) of their wildlife by human beings．The Gaoligong Mountains represent a chance for comfort，”Salopek says while hiking across the mountains． Salopek is still currently 9．________ the road，walking across China, 10．________ journey in China is being recorded by a film crew for a 10-episode documentary series entitled The Forever Walk：China． 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·东北三省四市联考)I was born into a big family．As the fifth of seven children，I went to the same public school as my three older sisters and one older brother．Every year, my mother went to the same scene and had parent-child interviews with the same teachers．The only thing different was the child．And every child participated in an old school tradition—the annual plant sale held in early May，just in time for Mother's Day． Third grade was the first time that I was allowed to take part in the plant sale．I wanted to surprise my mother，but I didn't have any money．I went to my oldest sister and shared the secret，and she gave me some money．When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully made my selection and spent a long time inspecting each plant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium(天竺葵)．Once I had taken it secretly home, with the help of my sister, I hid it in the attic(阁楼)．I was very nervous for fear that my mother would find it before Mother's Day，but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and indeed, she did not． When Mother's Day arrived, I got up very early，went into the attic on tiptoe and carried the carefully-selected geranium to the kitchen, where my mother was preparing breakfast．“It's for you！” I gave the flower to my mother and hugged her tightly． The year I was fifteen，my younger sister reached her third grade．In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that there was going to be a plant sale at school, and she wanted to surprise our mother．As my older sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 She arrived home full of nervous excitement．__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ My mother noticed me watching，and she gave me a soft, secret smile．_____ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十四) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了净零碳排放目标与保护生物多样性的紧密联系，但生物多样性的重要性被低估了。通过投资生物多样性，公司可抵消它们的碳排放。自然界值得人类投资。 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“Over decades, therefore, governments have made promises about preserving the world's biodiversity．”和第二段的内容可知，尽管政府做出了保护全球生物多样性的承诺，但类似的承诺似乎多次成为空头支票，导致自然环境恶化。为避免更多失望，人们需要强调保护生物多样性和达到净零碳排放目标之间的紧密联系。由此推出，生物多样性的重要性被低估了，故选A项。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的前两句可知，考虑到生物多样性在实现这些减碳目标方面发挥着重要作用，你可能会以为生物多样性在净零排放计划中起重要作用，其实不然。再根据第三段的“For example... yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity．”可知，面对愈发严格的排放规则，现在许多公司把更多的时间和资金投入到他们公司的碳足迹减少和能量转变方面，但很少提及生物多样性。作者通过列举一些公司的例子，来支持上述的一个观点(生物多样性没有在净零排放计划中起重要作用)。故选D项。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句可知，保护生物多样性是控制碳排放的有效方法。再根据本段最后一句可知，管理碳丰富的湿地和在空地上重新造林的计划可以减少1/3以上的碳排放量，而这些减排量可防止2 ℃以上的全球气候变暖。综合可知，保护生物多样性的益处在于减少碳排放。故选C项。] 4．A　[推理判断题。本文主要介绍了净零碳排放目标与保护生物多样性的紧密联系，但生物多样性的重要性被低估了，应将更多投资应用于大自然的生物多样性上。故选A项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何培养幽默感。 1．D　[空前一句讲到了“有好的幽默感会让你更讨人喜欢”，空后则讲到了培养幽默感的一些建议，因此，空处应该会承接上一句，继续讲述有幽默感的好处，故D项“你还可能在工作中表现更好”符合语境。] 2．C　[本段的主旨句讲到了“让自己身边充满幽默”，空前讲到了“Watch stand-up comedians... humorous books．”，C项“这些活动中充满了乐趣”能够承接上文，其中的“there”呼应上文中提到的各种充满乐趣的活动，故C项符合语境。] 3．G　[本段主旨句讲到了“知道什么会逗笑你”，空后一句讲到了“我们通过称赞朋友们所做的改变来逗笑他们”，G项“很多时候，我们说话纯粹是为了取悦别人”能引出空后一句，且G项中的“please”与空后一句中的“amuse”呼应，故G项符合语境。] 4．B　[本段主旨句讲到了“考虑时机和听众”，空前讲到的“... slow down．Simply speak slower... Try speaking at 60%－70% of your usual rate．”都是与说话的节奏和方式相关的，故B项“在句与句之间停顿”符合语境。] 5．E　[空处为本段的主旨句，分析文章中其他段的主旨句的特点可知，符合本空的选项为A和E。根据本段中的“If you're in the middle of a bad joke, just end it．”和“... it saves everyone time and patience．In the long run, they'll respect your taste．”可知，本段主要讲的是要知道什么时候该结束某些不好的玩笑以及这样做的好处，故E项符合语境。pull the plug on“使……不能继续，中断(停止)”。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了国家地理探险家保罗·萨洛佩科徒步穿越中国的所见、所闻、所感。他在中国徒步旅行的经历被拍成了纪录片——《永远的行走：与中国相遇》。 1．ambitious　[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词plan，应用形容词，所以空处填ambitious。] 2．recording　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的experiencing并列，同作短语is committed to中介词to的宾语，所以空处填recording。] 3．is　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语China为第三人称单数。所以空处填is。] 4．planned　[考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处与空前的set off并列，同作本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语“in September 2021”可知，时态用一般过去时；主语Salopek与plan之间为主动关系。所以空处填planned。] 5．to find　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to find。] 6．or　[考查连词。结合句意“它可能是某人的餐桌，也可能是一位白族老人在家织布的场景”可知，空处前后为选择关系，所以空处填or。] 7．where　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，充当介词about的宾语，根据句意可知，空处在宾语从句中作地点状语，所以空处填where。] 8．emptied　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，empty与places之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填emptied。] 9．on　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达on the road，意为“在旅途中”。] 10．whose　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为Salopek，关系词在从句中作定语，所以空处填whose。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 She arrived home full of nervous excitement． The geranium was hidden in a paper bag under her sweater．She tiptoed into the room and whispered to me，“I looked at every plant, and I knew I got the best one！”With a sweet sense of familiar feeling，I helped my little sister hide that geranium in the attic．Then came Mother's Day．I was right there when she gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and delight．It was like being in a dream I had already dreamed． My mother noticed me watching, and she gave me a soft，secret smile． With a sudden strong emotional feeling in my heart, I smiled back．Actually，I had been wondering how my mother could pretend to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child．But as I saw her eyes light up with delight when she was presented with the most precious gift，I knew she was not pretending．She was really proud of her every child，and what Mum received was not only a bunch of flowers but a symbol of growth and love from her children． 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$