第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 2 Natural disasters-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

Natural disasters 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(神态描写)(2024·衡水中学调研)Edward held the ball with sweaty hands, standing on the court nervously． 2．(景物描写)(2024·辽河市模拟)It was a sunny day, with a blue, cloudless sky over a calm sea． 3．(人物描写)(2024·无锡质量调研)The elegantly dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies． (2024·岳阳质量监测)Upon seeing the two boys, their parents dashed to wrap them in their arms．All the fear, cold and even pain were seemingly driven away by the reunion with their parents．Jeremy and Ian burst into tears, sobbing out what had happened in this adventure． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi．& vt．碰撞，撞击；崩溃 2．________ vi．& vt．发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 3．________ vt．& vi．出去，离去，退场；退出 n．出口，通道；离开 4．________ n．名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi．& vt．翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 5．________ vt．证实，确认；使确信；批准 6．________ vt．拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 7．________ n．幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi．& vt．滑行；逐渐陷入 8．________ n．洪水，水灾；大量 vi．& vt．淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 9．________ n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt．进口，引进 10．________ n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt．出口，输出 11．________ n．& vt．救援，营救，抢救 12．________ vt．找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) 1．The survivors who are waiting ________(rescue) are faced with a shortage of drinking water, food and medicine． 2．(2020·浙江1月卷)He stood up, ________(hug) his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions get the better of him． 3．When the glass vase fell and ________(crash) beside the cake, tiny pieces of glass were everywhere． 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The ________(roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are． 5．He pointed to the chair in front of him, ________(signal) to the interviewee to sit． 6．Lights flashed, and after a while the door ________(slide) open and a beautiful young model stepped off the elevator． 7．(2020·北京卷)As we ________(exit) from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase． 8．When we visited my old family home, memories came ________(flood) back． 9．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes ________(locate) just a 10­minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions． 10．Before choices are finalized, parents/carers will be asked to sign ________(confirm) their children's choices． 11．In Russia and India, heavy taxes are imposed on wines ________(import) from other countries． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→________ vt．减轻，缓和 2．destroy vt．破坏→________ adj．引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→________ n．破坏 3．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt．使震惊→________ adj．令人震惊的→________ adj．感到震惊的 4．scare vt．& vi．惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→________ adj．害怕的→________ adj．恐怖的，吓人的 5．donate vt．捐赠，赠送；献(血)→________ n．捐赠 6．curious adj．好奇的；奇特的→________ adv．好奇地，奇怪地→________ n．好奇，好奇心 7．erupt vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；突然发生→________ n．爆发 8．bear vt．忍受→________ adj．可以忍受的→________ adj．难耐的，无法忍受的 9．sharp adj．灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→________ adv．急剧地；锋利地→________ vt．使锋利 1．Much to my ________， the Chinese medicine significantly helped to ________ the pain in my neck and shoulders．(relieve) 2．If the ________ of rainforests continues, many species will become extinct．Fortunately, the world is aware of this consequence and is working hard to reduce ________ human activities．(destroy) 3．Girls are usually ________ of watching ________ movies, which will keep ________ them into screaming．(scare) 4．Any company that makes a ________ to a charity can enjoy a tax cut．The tax authority accepts the value of the ________ goods as a deduction(扣除额)．(donate) 5．Children are always ________ about everything they see and hear．They will ask all kinds of questions ________．To meet their ________，we'd better answer them patiently．(curious) 6．In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius ________ on the western coast of Italy．The ________ lasted two days and destroyed human civilizations．(erupt) 7．His mother ________ criticized him for not being able to seize the opportunity to ________ his business skills．(sharp) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 整个，全部 2．___________ 安然无恙的 3．___________ (在困境中)保持冷静 4．___________ 用完，耗尽 5．___________ 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 6．___________ 突然开始，爆发 7．___________ 到处，各处 8．___________ 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 9．___________ 使某人宽慰的是 1．If they ___________ gas, they won't be able to complete the journey to their destination． 2．Some parts of her writing ___________ a regular diary, written in a childish tone． 3．That has brought citizens, particularly in the United States, a much better recognition of the world ___________． 4．A fierce conflict ___________ at the border between the two countries, resulting in six deaths and many injuries． 5．It was such a miracle that everyone on board was _________ despite the hurricane． 6．I left the book in a public place, hoping it would travel ___________ with each new reader who found it． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．in case引导状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open． 麦克和他的两个朋友决定回家，以防他们再次遇到狼。 Mac and his two friends decided to go back home ___________________________．(续写之心理描写) 2．动词­ing形式作伴随状语 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other． 那些恶心的家伙从四面八方涌来，拉扯我的头发和衣服。 From every direction came those disgusting creatures, ____________________．(续写之动作描写) 1．occur vi．发生，出现；存在于 ①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut ________(occur)． ②It occurred ________ me that I had left the door unlocked when I was away from home． ③It seldom occurs to the hikers ________(wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them． 我忽然想到她还在期待我的答复呢。 ①___________ she was expecting my response．(occur) ②________________ she was expecting my response．(hit/strike) ◎occur to sb某人突然想起某事 ◎It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起…… ◎It occurs to sb to do sth某人突然想起做某事 ◎occurrence n．发生的事情；发生；出现 ◎if an unexpected event occurs如果发生意外事件的话 ◎an idea that occurred to him in a dream他在梦中想到的主意 ◎the robbery that occurred in broad daylight光天化日之下发生的抢劫案 2．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt．供应，供给，提供 ①(2021·北京卷)We decided to collect as many school ________(supply) as possible, and make them into kits－one kit, one child． ②(2020·天津7月卷)Many libraries will help you with locally ________(supply) information about business management． ③In previous times when fresh meat was ________ short supply, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of meat． 那位热心的女士给了我们一些吃的，并主动联系了警察。 The warm­hearted woman ____________________________________ and offered to contact the police． ◎supply sth提供某物；供应某物 ◎supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth给某人提供某物 ◎be in short supply供应短缺 ◎a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应 ◎manage to supply power to remote villages设法向偏远村庄供电 ◎require a constant supply of oxygen需要持续供氧 ◎based on the data supplied by WHO依据世界卫生组织提供的数据 3．inform vt．了解，熟悉；通知 ①(2021·北京卷改)I remember the day during our first week of class when we ________(inform) about our project of volunteering at an organization． ②Dennis got a group text ________(inform) him that a couple were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby． ③(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world ________(inform) of the happenings at Pali． 他是我见过的最好的记者类型，感觉敏锐、消息灵通、幽默风趣。 He is ________________________， the best sort of journalist I've ever met． ◎inform sb of/about sth通知某人某事 ◎keep sb informed of/about sth让某人了解某事；通告某人某事 ◎inform sb that ... 通告或告知某人…… ◎inform on sb告发某人；检举某人 ◎informed adj．有学问的；有见识的；(消息来源)可靠的 ◎well­informed adj．博识的；消息灵通的 ◎inform him about the side effects of the pills告知他这些药的副作用 ◎inform me that I will get promoted告知我将升职 ◎make a more informed decision做出更明智的决定 4．power [课本义]n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量　[增补义]vt．驱动 n．大国，强国 ①(2021·天津3月卷)The patient is left with the power ________(choose) what he wants to talk about． ②The United States has long been recognized as ________ global power, with its strong military and economic influence． ③(2020·天津5月卷)The transition from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids－vehicles ________(power) by both fuel and electricity． 漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。 The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds _________________________． ◎be in power掌权；执政 ◎come to/into power上台；执政 ◎in/within one's power在某人的能力或权力范围之内 ◎out of/beyond one's power超出某人的能力或权力 ◎powerful adj．强大的；有权势的；有影响力的；健壮的 ◎in case of a power cut在停电的情况下 ◎an emerging economic power新兴的经济强国 ◎do everything in my power to ensure everyone's safety尽我的全力确保每个人的安全 5．run out of [课本义]用完，耗尽　[增补义]从……跑出 填入run out、run out of、use up、give out的适当形式 Half way to the destination, we had already ________ food and drinking water．My husband and I wanted to find a motel before our gas ________， but without luck．Our car finally broke down and we had to walk all the way forward．An hour and a half later, we arrived at a motel at last with my strength almost ________．But to our despair, we found that our money had been ________．What a day! 他怒气冲冲地跑出了房间，砰的一声摔上门。 He ________________________， slamming the door heavily behind him． ◎run out用完；耗尽 ◎use up用完；耗尽 ◎give out用完；耗尽 ◎run across偶然遇到 ◎run after追赶；追求 ◎run into撞上；遇到 ◎run over碾过；轧过 ◎get run over by a speeding car被超速行驶的汽车碾过 ◎run into financial problems遭遇财政困境 ◎run after the dog with a stick in his hand他手里拿着棍子追赶那条狗 6．hold on to/hold onto抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 ①We've decided to hold on ________ the old furniture that we thought of selling because it might be valuable． ②There are numerous stories about people who ultimately achieved great success by ________(hold) on to their beliefs． ③In order to remain competitive, every company is holding ________ to the experienced employees． 坚持自己的梦想，即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。 Everybody can fly without wings when they ________________________． ◎hold back阻止；保留；(使)退缩；克制；抑制住；忍住 ◎hold on挺住；(电话用语)别挂断；稍等 ◎hold out伸出(手臂等)；递出；寄予(希望) ◎hold up举起；支撑；耽搁 ◎hold on to a coffee cup紧握着一个咖啡杯 ◎hold back economic recovery阻碍经济复苏 ◎be held up by bad weather因恶劣天气而耽搁 7．[教材原句]Each turned to fly－each running, pressing, pushing against the other．所有人都赶忙飞奔－－他们奔跑拥挤，你推我搡。 ①The gold seekers would carry their supplies in backpacks, each ___________(weigh) up to fifty pounds． ②Hundreds of refugees, most ________(dress) in rags, attempted to enter other countries． ③The end­term examination ________(draw) near, many students have to stay up late reviewing their lessons． 妇女们在诊所的走廊里排起了长队，有些抱着哭泣的孩子，走廊色彩鲜艳，点缀着卡通人物。 Women, ___________________________， formed a long queue in the clinic's brightly­colored corridor dotted with cartoon characters． 教材原句中的each running, pressing, pushing against the other是独立主格结构作状语。独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等”构成，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，在句中作状语或定语，相当于一个状语或定语从句。 After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head．过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每人头上都稳稳地顶着一桶水。 8．[教材原句]Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors．它的墙壁新得像昨天刚刚刷完一样；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有变色。 ①Then he folded the bill and slowly unfolded it again, as if ________(look) at something he couldn't believe was there． ②The football player was rolling on the ground as if badly ________(injure) in one of his legs． ③The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________(see) whether he was going in the right direction． 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。 The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly over the mirror­like surface of the pool _____________________________． 在as if/though引出的状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语动词含有系动词或助动词be，那么从句的主语和谓语动词常使用省略形式，即as if/though后可直接跟doing/done/to do等形式。 The moment Mary, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her eyes, and she crawled off to her mother as if expecting some comfort．当九个月大的玛丽看到另一个婴儿摔倒的那一刻，眼泪就涌了出来，她爬到妈妈身边，好像期待得到些安慰。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Hearing the bad news, Mary froze with shock, as if ________(root) on the ground． 2．She mistook my intention．It had never occurred to me ________(take) advantage of her． 3．With its petrol ________(run) out, our car came to a stop and we had to walk to the village． 4．Sometimes even a routine ________(occur) will become a source of pre­anger, or anger itself． 5．Kayoola is the brand name for the new bus, which ________(power) by solar panels on its roof． 6．Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures, some ________ (have) a lifespan of around 20 years． 7．This will help you make an ________(inform) decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend． 8．Since we'll be walking for almost two weeks, I'll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my ________(supply) of food and water． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．When he saw the gold, silver and other treasures, an evil thought occurred ________ him． 2．Then Thurman started swimming hard, holding tightly on ________ the wood until they reached the beach． 3．The war was having a disastrous impact on the economy: food was ________ short supply and this led to rising prices． 4．(2021·天津3月卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us ________ past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Only 5 students suffered slight injuries in the disaster, despite the current figures of 7 ________(kill) and over 200 injured． 2．Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, ________(teach) when the floor began to shake． 3．There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things ________(fall) to the ground, but the students remained still． 4．She signaled to her students ________(exit) the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands． 5．To her great ________(relieve), the officer immediately realized the coming danger． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．________ moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape． 2．People were sitting on the sand beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind ________ brushed their hair． 3．She warned her parents ________ the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking． 4．The beach was rapidly cleared ________ people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast． 5．Dad moved the dinner table against the door, ________ case the floodwater forced the door open． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging． ________ A．急剧的　　B．锋利的　　　C．深刻的 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The wind picked up and thunder rolled．________ A．翻滚 B．发出隆隆声 C．在原地打转 3．(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond． ________ A．其他地方 B．除……之外 C．在另一边 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current (交流电), which soon became the major form of power delivery． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为： ... Westinghouse's firm developed a system ... , which soon became the major form of power delivery．句中动词­ing形式短语using alternating current作名词system的后置________，which引导___________从句，先行词为alternating current。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields． 本句是一个复合句，可拆分为：①Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food．②It took donations and collected blemished produce．③The produce would have rotted in fields if not recovered．句中动词­ing形式短语taking donations and collecting blemished produce作介词by的________，that otherwise would have rotted in fields为________从句，先行词为blemished produce。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Wenchuan, located in the north­west of Sichuan Province, is one of the only four counties 1．________ are the main settlements for China's Qiang ethnic group．Due to its breathtaking scenery, delicious food, warm sunshine, and unique ethnic 2．________(custom), Wenchuan has long been a favoured tourist destination． Unfortunately, one of the most destructive earthquakes broke out here in May 2008, 3．________(shock) the whole world．Naturally, even an adult cannot keep his head when a deadly disaster occurs, let alone small children．Pupils in the schools got 4．________(panic) by the sudden earthquake．Many of them were so scared 5．________ they tightly hugged each other, expecting their parents and teachers to come to 6．________ (they) aid．The earthquake caused numerous deaths and injuries．Appropriately ten thousand people 7．________(confirm) dead afterwards．The Chinese government responded quickly to the disaster and lots of relief teams moved 8．________(swift) to the rescue．Those who were trapped under the ruins were dug up and taken to 9．________(safe)．Charities nationwide urgently supplied food, shelter and funds to the quake­hit areas．Individual donations also began flooding in from tens of millions of people as soon as they were informed 10．________ the event． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①昨天，一场异常强烈的飓风展示了它的威力。 Yesterday, ____________________________________________________________________． ②现已证实，这场飓风对人们的财产造成了严重损害，甚至夺走了数十人的生命。 ________________ that the hurricane has caused significant damage to people's properties and even ________________． ③许多人失去了家园，正在难民营寻求临时住所。 Many individuals have lost their homes and __________________ in refugee camps． ④一些人面临基本供应短缺的问题，在某些地方，获取饮用水变得困难重重。 Some people ____________________________________________________________________， and in certain places, ____________________ is becoming challenging． ⑤我们的当务之急是要迅速向这些灾民提供紧急援助，确保他们安然无恙。 Our top priority at the moment is to swiftly ___________________________ and ensure that ________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于动作描写的词汇 用于情感、环境描写的词汇 crash，confirm，inform, occur to, keep one's head odd，to one's relief，shock，scare，curious，destination, bar, port, ashy Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 周末，玛丽和父母来到了海滩，一个著名的旅游目的地。和往常一样，那里有很多游客。突然，玛丽注意到海面上有什么奇怪的东西。她感到好奇，问了她的父母。在反复确认后，她父母意识到这是海啸即将来临的征兆。他们被吓坏了，但很快他们想到必须保持冷静，并立即通知安保人员。令他们欣慰的是，在安保人员的帮助下，所有游客都幸运地躲过了这场灾难。 On the weekend, Mary and her parents reached the beach, ________________________．___________， there were many visitors．Suddenly, Mary ________________ on the sea surface．She ___________ and asked her parents about it．_____________， her parents realized that it was a sign of an approaching tsunami．____________________ that they must ________________________ immediately．________，with the aid of the security officers, all visitors were fortunate enough ___________． 1/16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　UNIT 2　Natural disasters 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．crash　2．signal　3．exit　4．roll　5．confirm　6．hug　7．slide　8．flood　9．import　10．export　11．rescue　12．locate 语境运用 1．to be rescued　2．hugged　3．crashed　4．rolling　5．signaling　6．slid　7．exited　8．flooding　9．is located　10．to confirm　11．imported 派生单词 1．relieve　2．destructive；destruction　3．shocking；shocked　4．scared；scary　5．donation　6．curiously；curiosity　7．eruption　8．bearable；unbearable　9．sharply；sharpen 语境运用 1．relief；relieve　2．destruction；destructive　3．scared；scary；scaring　4．donation；donated　5．curious；curiously；curiosity　6．erupted；eruption　7．sharply；sharpen 高频短语 1．at large　2．safe and sound　3．keep one's head　4．run out of　5．take the form of　6．break out　7．far and wide　8．hold on to　9．to one's relief 语境运用 1．run out of　2．took the form of　3．at large　4．broke out　5．safe and sound　6．far and wide 写作佳句背诵 1．in case they would run into the wolf again　2．pulling at my hair and my clothing 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①occurred　②to　③to wander [完美写作]①It occurred to me that　②It hit/struck me that 2．①supplies　②supplied　③in [完美写作]supplied us with some food/supplied some food to us 3．①were informed　②informing　③informed [完美写作]sensitive, well-informed and humorous 4．①to choose　②a　③powered [完美写作]held me entirely in their power 5．used up/run out of；ran out/gave out/was used up/was run out of；giving out/running out/used up；run out of/used up [完美写作]ran out of the room in a burst of anger 6．①to　②holding　③on [完美写作]hold on to their dreams 7．①weighing　②dressed　③drawing [完美写作]some carrying crying children 8．①looking　②injured　③to see [完美写作]as if to admire its own reflection 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．rooted　2．to take　3．running　4．occurrence　5．is powered　6．having　7．informed　8．supplies Ⅱ．1．to　2．to　3．in　4．of/about 层级二 Ⅰ．1．killed　2．was teaching　3．falling　4．to exit　5．relief Ⅱ．1．The　2．that　3．of　4．of　5．in 层级三 Ⅰ．1．C　2．B　3．A Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：定语；非限制性定语 尝试翻译：在特斯拉的帮助下，西屋电气公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统，这很快就成为电力输送的主要形式。 2．化繁为简：宾语；定语 尝试翻译：去年，该组织回收了超过807 500磅的食物，方式是通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．that　2．customs　3．shocking　4．panicked　5．that　6．their　7．were confirmed　8．swiftly　9．safety　10．of 维度二 Step 1． ①an exceptionally strong hurricane displayed its power　②It has now been confirmed；claimed dozens of lives　③are seeking temporary shelter　④are facing shortages of basic supplies；access to drinking water　⑤provide emergency assistance to these disaster victims；they are safe and sound Step 2． Yesterday, an exceptionally strong hurricane displayed its power．It has now been confirmed that the hurricane has caused significant damage to people's properties and even claimed dozens of lives．Many individuals have lost their homes and are seeking temporary shelter in refugee camps．Some people are facing shortages of basic supplies, and in certain places, access to drinking water is becoming challenging．Therefore, our top priority at the moment is to swiftly provide emergency assistance to these disaster victims and ensure that they are safe and sound． 维度三 Step 2． a famous tourist destination；As usual；noticed something odd；felt curious；After repeatedly confirming；They got scared, but soon it occurred to them；keep their head and inform the security officers；To their relief；to shelter from the disaster 1/88 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十九) 必修第三册　UNIT 2　Natural disasters Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) In today's fast-paced world, it's no surprise that everyone is on the hunt for better ways to accomplish more with less online．Thanks to a select few remote collaboration apps, it's now easier than ever to realize the goal regardless of where they are located on the globe． G Suite G Suite is a term used to describe Google's collection of productivity apps．They include Google Does (similar to Microsoft Word)，Google Sheets (similar to Microsoft Excel)，and Google Hangouts，which is a web-based meeting platform． Process Street Using Process Street helps keep everyone responsible．Those who use Process Street like the way it securely keeps all members aware of exactly what they need to do and by when．Team members can track activity from the dashboard and get noted when tasks are done． Loom Loom is a web-based ad hoc video platform that allows users to record their screens for quick replaying by others．This is great for how-to videos，webinars，and instructional guides．The best part about Loom is that it's free to use． Skype Skype is the tried and trusted chatting/video conferencing platform that has stood the test of time over and over again．Skype，a Microsoft product，allows for fast communication with anyone else who has a login, and it even supports international calling with video．The only downside with Skype is that you need a Microsoft login in order to use it． 1．Which app can keep a team well informed of assigned tasks? A．G Suite．　　　 B．Loom． C．Process Street． D．Skype． 2．What should one do before using Skype? A．Specialize in Microsoft Office． B．Apply for a Microsoft login． C．Update the Microsoft system． D．Record the Microsoft screens． 3．What do the four apps have in common? A．They can improve efficiency． B．They need to be replayed． C．They are difficult to access． D．They are free of charge． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·湖南省名校联合体联考)There was a boy named Drake．He was just 12 years old．His parents couldn't afford to pay his school fees．They had no choice other than to tell their child to leave school and start helping them with their shop's work． Drake assimilated this and started waking up before sunrise and going to their shop and cleaning it．He was really a hardworking guy．He always wanted something big to happen in his life, but he knew that a change would not happen in a day．So he started teaching himself and completed all senior high school courses at the age of 18．When he turned 20, he got a job offer from an electrical company． He started working in that company, and every day after coming home from his job, he would learn more and more about bulbs because he saw a lot of bulb production there．After some years, he made a new improved bulb of his own．He was really excited to show it to his boss, but when the boss saw it, he wasn't interested in it and said it was of little use．But still, he believed in himself and didn't give up． After a few months, he thought of setting up his own factory where he and his wife would put the improved bulb into production．When they made the bulbs, they started selling them．No one was interested in those bulbs, but still, he kept believing in himself． One day, when the sun was rising, he got an order of 1，000 pieces of the bulbs．This totally changed his life．After that, he started getting more and more orders． 4．Why did Drake's parents ask him to work in their shop when he was 12? A．They wanted him to teach himself． B．They expected him to be successful． C．They wished him to be hardworking． D．They were unable to pay for his schooling． 5．What does the underlined word “assimilated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Remembered．　 B．Understood． C．Expressed． D．Hated． 6．What did Drake's boss think of his new improved bulb? A．Surprising． B．Attractive． C．Popular． D．Valueless． 7．What can we learn from the story? A．All things are difficult before they are easy． B．Confidence is the first secret of success． C．Learn to say before you sing． D．Practice makes perfect． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·广东省六校联盟联考)Dreams，according to Carl Jung，reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness．In Jungian philosophy，the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives．While Jung's mystical theories were debatable，he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming．A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways． This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic(新陈代谢的)systems，let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns，which has long-term consequences for our memory system．One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep，the stage in which we dream，the mice couldn't strengthen memories． You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest．We sleep in cycles(周期), each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle，we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM．As the night progresses，REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep)decreases．The longer we sleep，the more time we spend in REM，which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning．If we sleep less than seven hours，however，it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM． The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer．We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly．However，we're not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant(抗抑郁药)—dreams．Instead，we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep，which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM． We're paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways．For example，a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration(整合)of unassociated information．Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions． Rowan Hooper，the managing editor at New Scientist，writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep, and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we look at diet and exercise habits． 8．What's Carl Jung's view about dreams? A．They cause chaos． B．They damage immunity． C．They reveal secrets． D．They mirror reality． 9．Why is the sleep process explained in Paragraph 3? A．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep． B．To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours． C．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached． D．To show people often dream when waking up in the morning． 10．What conclusion can be inferred from Paragraph 5? A．Dreaming promotes creativity． B．Dreaming helps fight depression． C．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep． D．The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep． 11．What's the main idea of the passage? A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams． B．The absence of dreams is terrible for us． C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize． D．Dreaming has the mystical power of strengthening memories． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·青岛市调研)Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll．“Dolls have 1 we don't completely understand，”she said．It's a(n) 2 she got while she was working as a social worker using dolls to help young kids 3 their changing medical situations． Seven years ago, a 4 said that her child was involved in a car accident, leaving a scar(伤疤)on his face．Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through this 5 period．“It's 6 to tell a kid，‘You are perfect in the way you are．’and to build 7 that way，”she says． Jandrisevits went about 8 that．She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend's child and sent it off．After the friend 9 a photo online of the happy child and doll，another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll for her baby，who was missing a leg． Word 10 and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with birthmarks or facial deformities(畸形)，from photos sent by parents．She 11 her previous job and started a non-profit organization，A Doll Like Me．She hasn't 12 for a doll since she began her non-profit organization． In all, she's made more than 400 dolls．The waiting list is long but Jandrisevits is 13 ．As she explains，“Every kid, 14 gender，age，medical issues or the body type, should look into the 15 face of a doll and see their own．” 1．A．power　　　 B．theme C．system D．fashion 2．A．lesson B．inspiration C．reward D．experience 3．A．turn to B．adapt to C．realize D．ignore 4．A．worker B．patient C．volunteer D．friend 5．A．unforgettable B．challenging C．complex D．impressive 6．A．natural B．generous C．helpful D．hard 7．A．confidence B．connection C．trust D．communication 8．A．following B．blessing C．explaining D．changing 9．A．took B．sent C．saw D．posted 10．A．came B．failed C．spread D．read 11．A．loved B．quit C．began D．lost 12．A．charged B．gone C．asked D．paid 13．A．tired B．curious C．determined D．famous 14．A．regardless of B．instead of C．apart from D．according to 15．A．restored B．beautified C．sweet D．funny 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) 假定你是校英文报的编辑李华，打算对你校外教David 做一次关于如何提升学生英语听说能力的访谈。为此，请给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．校英文报介绍； 2．访谈的时间和内容。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear David， ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 7/7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十九) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款远程协作应用软件。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据Process Street部分中的“Those who use Process Street like the way it securely keeps all members aware of exactly what they need to do and by when．”可知，该软件帮助团队成员知晓任务的内容和截止时间。故选C项。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据Skype部分中的“The only downside with Skype is that you need a Microsoft login in order to use it．”可知，在使用Skype之前需要注册微软账户。故选B项。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Thanks to a select few remote collaboration apps，it's now easier than ever to realize the goal regardless of where they are located on the globe．”以及下文对这四个应用软件的介绍可知，这四个软件可以帮助使用者更好、更快地完成工作，提高使用者的工作效率。故选A项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德雷克在一家电气公司工作，勤奋好学的他研发了一种新式灯泡，但该灯泡未被老板接受。但德雷克并未放弃，在经历了许多挫折后终于取得了事业上的成功。 4．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was just 12 years old．His parents couldn't afford to pay his school fees．They had no choice other than to tell their child to leave school and start helping them with their shop's work．”可知，德雷克的父母在他12岁的时候就让他在他们的店里工作是因为他们无力支付他的学费。故选D项。] 5．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“started waking up before sunrise and going to their shop and cleaning it”可知，德雷克非常勤勉地在父母的店里帮忙，由此推知，他一定非常理解父母的这个决定，想要身体力行地为父母缓解压力，故画线词意为“理解”，B项与之同义。故选B项。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but when the boss saw it, he wasn't interested in it and said it was of little use”可知，老板觉得他改进过的新式灯泡用处不大，由此可知，老板认为这种灯泡没有价值。故选D项。] 7．B　[推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是第三段中的“But still, he believed in himself and didn't give up．”和第四段中的“but still, he kept believing in himself”可知，从家贫上不起学，到想法不被接受，再到创业经历低谷，德雷克经历了许许多多的挫折，但他从未放弃，最终取得了事业上的成功，这说明了自信是成功的第一秘诀。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了做梦和睡眠之间的关系，以及缺乏做梦给我们带来的损害。 8．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Dreams，according to... during waking consciousness．”可知，Carl Jung认为梦揭示了在清醒意识中一些被隐藏的现实，即梦会反映现实。故选D。] 9．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句内容可知，你可能认为这只是睡眠问题，但做梦与夜间休息是分不开的。再结合第三段最后两句“The longer we... level of REM．”可知，我们睡得越久，在快速眼动阶段(做梦)花费的时间就越多，这就是我们早上醒来时经常在做梦的原因。然而，如果我们的睡眠时间少于7小时，就很难达到这种程度的快速眼动。由此可推知，我们是否做梦，与睡眠时长及睡眠过程中的快速眼动是有直接关系的，所以第三段对睡眠过程进行解释，是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是有关联的。故选C。] 10．A　[推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Volunteers that experienced... requiring creative solutions．”可知，经历了更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更善于解决需要创造性解决方案的问题。由此可推知，做梦能让人更具有创造力。故选A。] 11．B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段阐述了做梦的重要性，缺乏做梦会给我们带来损害；第二段介绍了缺乏做梦会对我们的免疫系统、新陈代谢系统和记忆造成损害；第四段说睡眠和做梦结合起来可以起到稳定情绪的作用；第五段说我们正以许多方式为缺乏做梦付出代价。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了缺乏做梦对于我们来说是可怕的。故选B。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Amy Jandrisevits用玩具娃娃来帮助孩子们适应他们不断变化的身体状况，并帮助他们建立自信。 1．A　[根据下文的“using dolls to... medical situations”可知，玩具娃娃可用来帮助孩子们，所以此处是说它们有一种我们不完全理解的力量。] 2．B　[根据语境可知，这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感(inspiration)。] 3．B　[根据下文的“their changing medical situations”可知，此处表示“适应不断变化的医疗状况”。adapt to“适应”。] 4．D　[根据下文的“looked like her friend's child”可知，一个朋友说她的孩子遭遇了一场车祸。] 5．B　[根据上文的“her child was... on his face”可知，此处表示帮助这个年轻人度过这个充满挑战的时期。unforgettable“令人难忘的”；challenging“有挑战性的”；complex“复杂的”；impressive“给人印象深刻的”。] 6．D　[根据下文的“tell a kid，‘You are perfect in the way you are．’”并结合常识可知，那个孩子脸上留疤了，所以要告诉一个孩子“你这样就很完美”并以这样的方式树立起信心是很难的。] 7．A　[参见上题解析。] 8．D　[根据下文的“She made a doll... sent it off．”可知，Jandrisevits着手改变这种状况。] 9．D　[根据下文的“a photo online”可知，此处表示在网上公布了一张照片。post“公布，张贴，发布”。] 10．C　[根据下文的“soon Jandrisevits was... photos sent by parents”可知，很多人都知道了这件事情。由此可知，消息传开了，故空处应表示“传播”。] 11．B　[根据下文的“started a non-profit organization”可知，她辞掉了之前的工作，创办了一家非营利性机构。] 12．A　[根据上下文的“non-profit organization”可知，她从来没有对一个玩具娃娃收费。charge“收费，(向……)要价”。] 13．C　[根据上文的“The waiting list is long but”可知，等候名单很长，但Jandrisevits是坚定的。determined“坚定的”。] 14．A　[根据语境可知，此处表示“每个孩子，无论性别、年龄、药物问题还是体型，都应该看到玩具娃娃可爱的脸，并看到自己的脸”。regardless of“不管，不顾”符合语境。] 15．C　[根据下文的“face of a doll”及常识可知，玩具娃娃的脸是可爱的。sweet“惹人喜爱的，可爱的”。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear David， I'm Li Hua，chief editor of the school English newspaper．I'd like to invite you to join our talks at 8 p．m．next Sunday． Our school English newspaper enjoys great popularity among students in our school，which provides a platform for us to have a deeper insight into English learning，English culture and customs．We'd like you to talk about your teaching experience and share with us your opinions on how to improve our English listening and speaking skills． I am looking forward to your early reply． Yours sincerely， Li Hua 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十) 必修第三册　UNIT 2　Natural disasters Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·湖南省六校联考)The proverb that an apple a day keeps the doctor away also applies to apple wine，say experts．They have found the first evidence that the drink made from fermented apple juice is good for your health．It is packed with chemicals that help protect against cancer，heart disease and other age-related conditions． Apple wine，one of England's oldest alcoholic drinks，has long been thought to be beneficial to health, but there was no proof．Now scientists have confirmed there are high levels of health-improving antioxidants(抗氧化物质)in the wine． Half a pint of apple wine in moderation(适度)delivers the same amount of antioxidants as a glass of red wine，recognized as having health benefits．Antioxidants can “get rid of” substances called free radicals(自由基)，naturally produced in the body． Dr．Careline Walker, a scientist at Brewing Research International，said，“A diet rich in antioxidants may help to protect against disease, and our research confirms apple wine has the same levels of antioxidants as red wine．It could well be claimed that a glass of apple wine a day will keep the doctor away．But it is important that no one drink beyond the recommended daily intake of the alcohol—an average apple wine having about 2.5 units per pint．” Separate trials on volunteer apple wine drinkers at the Institute of Food Research, Norwich, details of which are published in the latest Journal of Nutrition，showed the antioxidants are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream, enhancing the health benefit． John Thatcher, former chairman of the National Association of Cider Makers，said，“I have spent a lifetime making apple wine，enjoying a regular glass or two, and now I can enjoy it all the more knowing it is helping to keep me healthy．” 1．What does the first paragraph suggest? A．Apple wine has a long history． B．Apple wine can cure some diseases． C．An apple a day keeps the doctor away． D．Apple wine helps to keep people healthy． 2．Why is apple wine beneficial to health according to the research? A．It can help people keep slim． B．It is rich in antioxidants． C．It is mainly made from fermented apple juice． D．It can help people to take in more free radicals． 3．Which of the following is Dr．Walker's idea according to Paragraph 4? A．Apple wine is more suitable for women than men． B．In the future, apple wine will take the place of red wine． C．Drinking apple wine moderately is beneficial to our health． D．The more apple wine we drink, the healthier we will become． 4．What do we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Antioxidants can be rapidly absorbed by our body． B．Apple wine has been confirmed to be better than apples． C．Excessive wine drinking does great harm to our health． D．Journal of Nutrition is in the charge of John Thatcher． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·武汉市调研)With the New Year approaching, year-end reviews dominate the airwaves． 1 ．Lose ten pounds? Read a book a month? However, I've never given much thought to New Year's resolutions．I make intentions instead．It means setting one's purpose toward a path instead of action toward specific behavior．And more than that, I'm setting them in a framework(体系)that will give them wings． Set Time, Not Goals A wise friend once told me “Do not set a result as the goal．Set the time in which you do the things you want to do．” For example, I usually tell myself I should write more． 2 ．Then, I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write, for example, from 8：30 a.m.to 11：30 a.m. Take Advantage of the Premack Principle The Premack principle is a behavioral strategy that states that the presence of high-probability behavior can make low-probability behavior more likely． 3 ．So, now that I've set my intention to write and the time to write, I can link it to high-probability behavior, such as dropping my kids off at school in the morning．The point is that it gets the action rolling without much thought or self-motivation talk． 4 ． 5 Let's face it, no matter how much you set an intention, if there's no enjoyment once you start, it will likely fall by the wayside．So, finding a path that you enjoy will bring the same results．In truth, I hate exercising, but luckily, I walk my dog．A lovely way to exercise, go out in nature, enjoy companionship, and meet people! A．Face your intention directly B．One intention, multiple paths C．Over time, it becomes routine as well D．But the result proves far from satisfactory E．Perhaps most are also making New Year's resolutions F．Resolutions seem to hold people prisoners rather than free them G．In other words, to enact new behavior, attach it to well-established behavior Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·苏北四市调研)Consisting of a bamboo frame and a 1．________(delicate)painted paper surface, Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China's tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty．They are not just an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight，but also works of art 2．________(possess) rich cultural significance and aesthetic(美学的)value． The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25AD－220AD)．Later，they 3．________(bring)overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618－907)，which is 4．________ they were known as “Tang umbrellas”． It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella 5．________ hand．For example，in the Fenshui township in Luzhou, Sichuan Province，craftsmen must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools 6．________(create) a single handmade oil-paper umbrella． Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas 7．________(suffer)from declining sales, and 8．________number of craftsmen has been on the decrease．Fortunately，with the 9．________(include) of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one of China's national intangible cultural heritages in 2008，things have been improving．These great items appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity 10．________ they have received． 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the first week of Mia's middle school．The bell's ringing brought her out of her daydreaming．She nervously gathered her books，preparing to reach another classroom for the next new class． Mia followed the other kids and rushed into the hallway．Others walked in groups，chatted and laughed，using the break to socialize．Instead，Mia walked alone along the wall of the hallway with her head down．She was a shy girl，afraid to speak in front of other kids, and didn't think others would like her． Mia finally sat in Mr Johnson's Language Arts class nervously．“Welcome to Language Arts，” said Mr Johnson．He told jokes as he talked about English．Mia forgot to daydream and laughed along with the rest of the class．“We'll have some fun with language，” he said．“Just wait and see．” Fun was far beyond what Mia desired．She just wanted to be like other kids—running with friends in the hallway，laughing and joking between classes．Reminded of her pimply(长粉刺的) face，she felt hopeless and disappointed． “Take out a piece of paper，” the teacher continued, pointing at words on the blackboard．“Write for the next thirty minutes on this topic．” Mia began writing crazily as idea after idea fought for recognition in her head．The final result was a short story about a beautiful beach house．As she wrote, she could smell the salty air，hear the crashing waves and feel the pull of the sand beneath her feet．For just a moment，she forgot where she was．She was lost in the story． “OK，pass your papers forward，” said the teacher．“Let's see what we have．” For the rest of the class time, the teacher read each individual work aloud．Mia originally thought it would be awkward．However，she was gradually attracted by the excitement in the teacher's voice．“He's actually enjoying this，” she thought．When the class was soon over, there were still fifteen students' papers not read，including Mia's paper．Then，Mr Johnson announced his decision, asking these students to read their work themselves in front of the class next class． 注意：1．续写词数应为 150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 A week later，the bell rang and the Language Arts class began again． ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ After Mia finished her reading，the clapping from her classmates continued for a long time．__________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5/5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二十) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现适量饮用苹果酒有利于身体健康。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They have found... good for your health．”可知，苹果酒有利于身体健康，故D项正确。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now scientists have confirmed... in the wine．”可知，苹果酒中含有可以改善健康状况的抗氧化物质，所以苹果酒对身体有好处，故B项正确。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中Walker博士所说的“But it is important that... the alcohol”可以看出，Walker博士认为适量饮用苹果酒对身体有益，故C项正确。] 4．A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the antioxidants are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream，enhancing the health benefit”可知，抗氧化物质可以迅速被我们的身体吸收，故A项正确。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何用做事目的代替制定目标。 1．E　[根据空后的“Lose ten pounds？... New Year's resolutions．”可知，此处在讲新年计划，由此可推知，空处应填与计划相关的内容，E项“也许大多数人也在制定新年计划”符合语境。] 2．D　[空前的“I usually tell myself I should write more”指的是作者通常告诉自己应该多写点；空后的“Then，I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write”指的是作者意识到最好是把写作的目的和时间定下来。再结合常识可推知，空处应为过渡句，正是由于对空前结果的不满，才做出了改变，D项“但结果却远非令人满意”符合语境。] 3．G　[根据空前内容可知，Premack定律是一种行为策略，它指出高概率行为的存在会使低概率行为更有可能发生，即对Premack定律的解释；空后的“So，now that I've set my intention... dropping my kids off at school in the morning．”以自己为例，说明具体的做法。由此可推知，空处应是对Premack定律的进一步说明，故选G项。] 4．C　[根据语境可知，作者把送孩子上学和确定自己的写作目的和时间联系在一起，并以此为例进一步阐释Premack定律。作者已经定好了写作时间，为了使之成为一种习惯，作者先迫使自己在写作之前完成简单的行为——每天送孩子上学。随着时间的推移，写作的时间自然也就有了规律。由此可知，C项“随着时间的推移，它也变成了例行公事”符合语境。] 5．B　[根据该空所处位置可知，该空应是段落主题句。根据下文内容可知，此段讲的是为了达到某一目标，可以选择多种途径，B项“一个目的，多条路径”符合语境。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了油纸伞的历史和制作过程等。 1．delicately　[考查副词。修饰过去分词式的形容词painted。故填副词delicately。] 2．possessing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处为非谓语，且possess和其逻辑主语works of art之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填possessing。] 3．were brought　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里they指代前面的oil-paper umbrellas，谓语动词应用复数；they和谓语动词bring是被动关系；又因此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填were brought。] 4．why　[考查表语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导表语从句，表示这就是它们被称为“唐伞”的原因。故填why。] 5．by　[考查介词。by hand“用手”，是常用搭配。] 6．to create　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to create。] 7．have suffered　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据前面的时间状语“Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas”可知，时态应用现在完成时；又因主语表复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填have suffered。] 8．the　[考查冠词。the number of“……的数目”，是固定搭配。易错点拨：the number of“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数；a number of“许多，一些”，谓语动词用复数。] 9．inclusion　[考查名词。空前有冠词the修饰，再结合空后的of可知，空处应是名词。故填inclusion。] 10．that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the positive publicity，空处在从句中作宾语。故填关系代词that/which。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 A week later，the bell rang and the Language Arts class began again．Mia was nervous with her head down．After other students finished reading the papers one by one，finally，it was Mia's turn．Frozen with fear，Mia stood in front of the class，with her hands holding her paper，shaking．Seeing it，Mr Johnson told a funny joke，which made everyone laugh．Feeling more relaxed，Mia began reading．She was so focused that she felt she was alone．She didn't notice that her story soon attracted all her classmates who sat up straight，without any chatting．They were lost in her fantastic story． After Mia finished her reading，the clapping from her classmates continued for a long time．Mia was shocked．When she raised her head，she found everyone staring at her excitedly．Mia finally smiled．She found everyone in the class responded to her story positively．After that class, Mia slowly lifted her head while walking．Later, she kept writing．And she began speaking in front of people and enjoyed it．A braver and more confident girl appeared．And she was grateful to Mr Johnson，who believed in every student． 3/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$