第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

Nature in the balance 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·辽宁联盟调研)With butterflies in my stomach, I waited for her to pick up the receiver． 2．(行为描写)(2024·广东实验中学)Before I continued, he rolled his eyes, slammed the door and walked away． 3．(景物描写)(2024·湖北名校联考)At least the weather was amazing—cotton-candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky． (2024·株洲质量检测)Dressed in the same performing suit, Mom pushed Justin proudly with a bright smile on her face as Justin threw himself heart and soul into the performance．Joyful music floating in the air, the mother and son were indeed a perfect match in the parade, which soon became the center of attention． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj．大批的，广泛的 2．________ n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi．& vt．有影响；冲击 3．________ vt．& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 4．________ vt．& vi．跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 5．________ vi．反对，抗议 vt．反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对 6．________ n．利润，收益；好处 vi．& vt．获益，得到好处 7．________ n．过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt．加工，处理 8．________ n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 9．________ vt．回收利用，再利用 1．Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk ________(damage) the unborn babies． 2．We would make 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with ________(recycle) cans． 3．The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land ________(mass) as far south as Newfoundland． 4．Outside the hall were hundreds of miners ________(protest) against their poor working conditions． 5．Now health experts want manufacturers to lower the levels of extra sugar and salt in ________(process) foods． 6.90% of Microsoft's 2，280 employees in Japan later said they ________(impact) by the company's new measures． 7．Modern methods of ________(track) polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s． 8．(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and ________(branch), although close together, never actually touch those of another tree． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 相应地，转而 2．___________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3．___________ 给……带来起色，注入活力 4．___________ 由于，因为 5．___________ 逐渐增加，扩大 6．___________ 想出，想到 7．___________ (公开)要求；需要 8．___________ 突然记起(或想到) 9．___________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10．___________ 使发生(或存在) 11．___________ 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) 12．___________ 同一个(人或物) 1．long adj．长的→________ n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→________ vt．(使)加长；(使)延长 2．disappear vi．不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→________ n．消失 3．extinct adj．灭绝的，绝种的→________ n．灭绝，绝种 4．organize vt．组织→________ n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→________ n．组织者→________ adj．有组织的 5．entire adj．完全的→________ adv．完全地，全部地，完整地 6．economy n．经济→________ adj．经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→________ adj．节约的；经济的→________ n．经济学家 7．poison vt．污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→________ adj．有毒的 8．chemistry n．化学→________ n．化学家→________ n．化学制品 adj．化学的；化学作用的 1．The road has a total ________ of two miles only, so the workers have decided to ________ it．(long) 2．Those men ________ with a soft popping sound instantly I pressed a button on the device．Their sudden ________ scared the children who had seen all this．(disappear) 3．Cloning may be the best way to save some species from ________ before all hopes are ________．(extinct) 4．A carefully ________ campaign was launched yesterday, aimed to stop the spread of the disease．The ________ were leading members of the communities and ________ at grass­roots level．(organize) 5．We can create greater ________ benefits by building an ________ society．(economy) 6．The danger of children being ________ by matches was evident before chemists made a form of phosphorus(磷) which is not ________．(poison) 7．He is very interested in ________， hoping to major in ________ engineering at university and his dream is to become a ________．(chemist) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 相应地，转而 2．___________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3．___________ 给……带来起色，注入活力 4．___________ 由于，因为 5．___________ 逐渐增加，扩大 6．___________ 想出，想到 7．___________ (公开)要求；需要 8．___________ 突然记起(或想到) 9．___________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10．___________ 使发生(或存在) 11．___________ 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) 12．___________ 同一个(人或物) 1．The negotiation ___________ because one side refused to play the game． 2．(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises ___________ being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment． 3．(2021·天津卷)With that thought in mind, Pruitt _________ a plan and posted it on the community website． 4．The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are ___________ thought to have close attention to detail． 5．(2020·北京卷)“Tom ___________ a passion for environmental protection at a very early age，” Matt added． 6．Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ___________ a clear road map and timetable． 7．School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting ___________ them． 8．We found that television and radio ___________ far fewer complaints than did the printed media． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．while引导让步状语从句 While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain． 虽然在线学习被证明是可行的，但也存在明显的缺点。 ________________________， there exist obvious disadvantages．(应用文之演讲稿) 2．so＋助动词＋主语 As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals． 开始与新朋友交谈时，我们希望感到舒适，他们也是。 When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and ________．(应用文之咨询信) 1．harm n．& vt．伤害，损害 ①(2020·天津5月卷)Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to ________(harm) the planet． ②To safeguard something or someone means to protect them from ________(harm), lost, or badly treated． ③True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant ________(I) no real harm． 如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。 ①The medicine will ___________ if improperly used．(harm n．) ②The medicine will ___________ if improperly used．(harmful) ◎cause/do harm to sb＝cause/do sb harm伤害某人 ◎mean sb no harm＝mean no harm to sb对某人没有恶意 ◎be harmful to ... 对……有害 ◎There is no harm in doing sth做某事没有害处。 ◎do us more harm than good对我们弊大于利 ◎put them in harm's way置他们于险境 ◎seriously harm the prospects of the world economy严重损害世界经济的前景 2．survive vi．生存，存活 vt．幸存，幸免于难 ①Baptiste is biking across Europe, surviving entirely ________ thrown­away food． ②(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ________(survive) China's long history． ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the ________(survive) of our natural resources． 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而是学会在雨中起舞。 Life isn't about ____________________________________________________________________； it's about learning to dance in the rain． ◎survive sth幸免于；从……中挺过来 ◎survive from ... 从……中存活/流传下来 ◎survive on sth依靠……生存下来 ◎survivor n．幸存者 ◎survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物 ◎manage to survive the crisis设法度过这次危机 ◎China's oldest surviving traditional theatre中国现存最古老的传统剧院 ◎survive her husband by ten years比她丈夫多活十年 3．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 ①Partly ________ a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens． ②This belief has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector, with negative ________(consequence) for their economies． ③________(consequent), she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria． (普通表达)She was over age limit and, as a result, her application was rejected． (高级表达)She was over age limit and, __________________， her application was rejected． ◎as a consequence因此；结果 ◎as a consequence of由于 ◎in consequence因此；结果 ◎of (no/little) consequence(不)重要的 ◎consequent adj．随之发生的；作为结果的 ◎consequently adv．因此；结果 ◎a man of consequence in his village他村里举足轻重的人物 ◎in consequence of falling birth rates由于出生率下降 ◎have disastrous consequences for the environment给环境带来灾难性后果 4．in turn相应地，转而 ①Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will ________ turn make cities greener． ②Now that we have finished designing, the company, in ________(it) turn, should do the constructing work． ③They took turns ________(stay) awake in case anything went wrong． 当这些女士们依次发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。 ①There were cheers for each of the women as ________________________．(in turn) ②There were cheers for each of the women as ________________．(take turns) ◎in one's turn轮到某人；接着 ◎by turns轮流；交替地 ◎wait your turn排队等候 ◎It is one's turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 ◎take turns to do sth/(in/at) doing sth轮流做某事 ◎get cheerful and depressed by turns时而高兴时而沮丧 ◎ask each of us in turn to draw让我们每个人轮流画画 ◎take turns driving/to drive the car轮流开车 5．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) 写出句中break down的汉语意思 ①The car broke down on the way to the airport． ________ ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached． ________ ③In other words, your health will break down if you work too hard． ________ ④To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts． ________ ⑤Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them． ________ 看到她失散已久的宠物回到家中，小女孩忍不住喜极而泣。 Seeing her long lost pet back home, the little girl just _____________________________．, ◎touch down降落；着陆 ◎slow down放缓；减速；放松 ◎die down减弱；逐渐平息 ◎let down失望；使沮丧 ◎put down记下；放下；镇压；平定 ◎as the plane was touching down当飞机着陆时 ◎slow down the fossil energy consumption减缓化石能源的消耗 ◎feel badly let down感到非常沮丧 6．[教材原句]With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China．亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country． ②If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size ________ Yemen's by the year 2050． ③It seems that the wings of the new aircraft are approximately ________(two) the length of its body． (普通表达)It is said that the “hairy man” is almost double as tall as an average man． (高级表达)It is said that the “hairy man” is almost double ________________________ an average man． “A is the size/length/height/width/depth of B．”是一种表示比较的句型，相当于“A is as big/long/high/wide/deep as B．”还可以在the前加上twice、three times、double、two­thirds等表示“倍数”或“分数”的词汇。另外，“倍数/分数＋the amount/weight/price of ... ”也表示比较。还有一种形式，“倍数/分数＋one's age/size/weight等”。 He was pinned against the wall by a boy twice his size; he could hardly breathe．他被一个块头比他大一倍的孩子挤压在墙上，几乎喘不过气来。 7．[教材原句]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee．今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。 ①________(sit) at the table was his mother, a quiet and graceful woman． ②________(hide) behind his silence was his complicated emotional experience, which left deep scars on him． ③(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone ________(be) the days of thousands standing to watch the match． 山脚下坐落着一个私家花园，其中，小桥、流水、假山布局巧夺天工，令人赏心悦目。 ____________________________________________________________________ in which the streams, bridges and rockeries are cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye． 教材原句中的Joining us in the studio tonight是动词­ing形式短语作表语，句子的主语是James Smith, Vincent Brown and Julie Archer。分词短语置于句首作表语时，句子需要用全部倒装语序。这种倒装主要是为了照顾句子的平衡，这时候，句子的主语部分通常比较长，一般带有较长的定语或同位句。 Following their friendly and fruitful talks was a joint press conference in the Great Hall of the People．在他们富有成果的友好会谈之后，在人民大会堂举行了联合记者招待会。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．A locust weighs 60 grams, but eats about twice ________(it) weight every day． 2．The only ________(survive) from the plane crash could do nothing but wait for rescue on an island． 3．A lot of our associations seem like friendship at first, only ________(break) down and disappear in time． 4．This led to an unexpected ________(consequent), though she had a wonderful time there． 5．Over 800 million people in the world live in extreme poverty, ________(survive) on less than US $1.25 a day． 6．Lying on the floor ________(be) piles of chips, which were sorted into several categories based on their functions． 7．As the economy shifts towards industrialization, the environment is put at a higher risk of ________(harm) by pollution． 8．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco­friendly options． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．There's no great harm ________ drinking a little beer to relieve tiredness after hard work． 2．Some strange customs have survived ________ earlier times and still have effects on villagers． 3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter ________ consequences． 4．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________ turn creates further problems． 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth­floor apartment ________ size of a cupboard． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．As the largest rainforest, it plays a ________(significance) role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem． 2．They give this area the richest biodiversity: one in ten ________(know) species in the world can be found here． 3．Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest ________(disappear) due to human activities． 4．We work together to ensure that development strategies are followed in an ________(environmental) friendly way． 5．It's our duty to build a human community with a ________(share) future． 6．It's our duty to protect our environment while ________(aim) for economic development． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．The Amazon River, from ________ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length． 2．Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home ________ different kinds of living things． 3．The Amazon rainforest, often known ________ the “lungs of the planet”， produces over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen． 4．With the pollution levels on ________ rise, the Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem． 5．They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs, and these frogs, ________ turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London­based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010． ________ A．树枝　　 　B．分店　 　 　　C．支流 2．(2021·全国乙卷) Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket－19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies． ________ A．较远，更远 B．更进一步的 C．另外的 3．(2022·浙江1月卷)Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City． ________ A．大规模的 B．一大群 C．质量 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The image ... appears ... in art made long before books ... came into being．句中的made long before books是动词­ed形式短语作后置________修饰art，后面的as引出的是一个________从句修饰books。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off­line” activity． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：And in contrast to ... networked lives ... , a printed book still offers the chance of ... 。句中的in contrast to ... 是介词短语作________，后面的where引导出一个________从句，修饰lives。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ After setting foot on the African continent, Julie Archer, a scholar from the World Environmental Protection Organization, started to study 1．________(variety) of wildlife in some regions．Soon she learned that there used to be masses of species in many 2．________(Africa) countries, but the harsh climate and human activities had brought many animals close 3．________ being extinct． To make profits, local residents tracked and killed animals, 4．________(result) in a sharp decline in their numbers．Aware of the negative impact of human activities on wildlife, Julie resolved to do something in 5．________(defend) of the endangered animals in Africa, aiming to prevent them from being 6．________(far) harmed．In her spare time, she distributed brochures 7．________(raise) local people's awareness of the consequences of wildlife extinction．She also came up with some strategies to help the locals get rid of poverty and encouraged the use of 8．________(recycle) things．In addition, she urged governments to restore the damaged habitat 9．________ wild species like lions and deer once lived．She even led local people into protesting against the government's inaction on wildlife conservation． Due to her and many others' joint efforts, the living conditions for wildlife in Africa are slowly improving, but 10．________ still takes time to entirely change the current situation． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①2019年，被称为“地球之肺”的亚马孙雨林发生了大火。 In 2019, ________________ in the Amazon rainforest, often ____________________． ②火灾可能对其生态系统造成永久性破坏。 The fire had the potential to ________________ the ecosystem． ③由此产生的碳排放可能导致全球变暖。 The resulting carbon emissions could _________________________． ④由于人类活动，这片雨林一直在遭受破坏。 The rainforest has been experiencing destruction ________________． ⑤数据显示，在过去30年中，它已缩减了六分之一。 Data indicates that it __________________ over the past 30 years． ⑥如果破坏得不到有效遏制，这片神奇的雨林将在不久的将来消失！ If the damage __________________， the amazing rainforest ________________________！ Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于动作描写的词汇 用于环境描写的词汇 defence, defend, survive, come up with, call for, spring to mind hardwood, jaguar, track, consequence Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 我和马克在长满阔叶树的丛林中探险时，看到一只受伤严重的美洲虎。我们想出许多方法来帮助它，但都不起作用。后来，马克想到一个好主意。他说：“这种情况需要专业人员的帮助。”我们很快与野生动物保护协会取得了联系。工作人员要求我们待在原地保护这只美洲虎，直到他们到达。幸运的是，没过多久，他们就循着我们留下的足迹找到了我们。由于及时治疗，美洲虎最终存活了下来。 Mark and I were exploring ____________________ when we saw ________________．We came up with a number of ways to help it, but ________________．Later on, ________________．“It's a situation that calls for professional help，” he said．We soon _________ the Wildlife Conservation Association．The staff asked us to _____________________________．Fortunately, it didn't take long before they found us _____________．________________， the jaguar survived eventually． 1/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十七) 必修第三册　UNIT 1　Nature in the balance Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) There are many podcasts(播客) that teach English, and you can listen to them anytime． Here is a list of some of the best podcasts that you must see． Learn English Podcast This podcast has three levels．The first is for beginners, the second is for intermediates(中级学生) and the third is for upper intermediates．If a person wants to learn Business English，then episodes are also made for him．Every podcast is short but very informative．Worksheets(活页练习题) and vocabulary tasks are also included． Speaking Broadly This podcast is made for advanced learners．Explained through discussion and interviews，each episode has non-native English speakers and every recording also has expert feedback．You will see some common mistakes made by English learners, and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes． The English We Speak This podcast airs one episode daily and every episode is only three to four minutes，which talks about phrases and idioms．There are two people in each episode who communicate with each other．Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding． Elementary Podcast This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners．The length of a podcast is around 25 minutes, but you can pause it anytime and continue whenever you want．The hosts of each episode are different． 1．Which podcast provides exercises going with it? A．Speaking Broadly． B．Elementary Podcast． C．The English We Speak． D．Learn English Podcast． 2．What do we know about Speaking Broadly? A．It records just expert speakers． B．It targets beginners． C．It presents some typical mistakes． D．It provides feedback from listeners． 3．What do The English We Speak and Elementary Podcast have in common? A．They are both interactive． B．They cater for beginners． C．They have the same length． D．They share the same contents． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·广东省六校联考)The idea of climbing Mount Qomolangma disgusted me．The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing．What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry．Over the years，the crowds at Base Camp grew，leaving behind tons of trash．Whenever I was asked whether I'd climb Mount Qomolangma，my answer was always the same：not interested． That was probably where my personal Mount Qomolangma story would have ended, were it not for an old friend and his obsession(迷恋)with one of the greatest mysteries．In 1999，Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory，the celebrated British climber who disappeared while he was attempting to be the first to climb Mount Qomolangma．But Mallory's partner，Sandy Irvine，and the camera he had likely carried, were not found．The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924． Pollard's story moved me．I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable，perhaps easy．I was wrong．On the highest point on the planet，I was more tired than I'd ever been in any climbing．Along the way，I continuously tipped my hat，not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route．My search was in vain，but I began to reconsider Mount Qomolangma． I witnessed many climbers，who were much more than just self-centered tourists．We shared route information，weather forecasts，and family photos—all united around a common goal． I went to Mount Qomolangma to seek Irvine．But in the end, I found something more difficult to get：the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared．It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been：inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers' footsteps up Mount Qomolangma． 4．What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Mount Qomolangma? A．He changed his climbing goal． B．Mount Qomolangma was seriously polluted by trash． C．Climbing Mount Qomolangma became an industry to make money． D．The mountain was too crowded with climbers． 5．Why did the author climb Mount Qomolangma later? A．Because he desired to challenge himself． B．Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard． C．Because his old friend persuaded him to climb again． D．Because he wanted to follow in the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine． 6．What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Expressed my gratitude． B．Proved my determination． C．Relieved the tiredness． D．Showed my respect． 7．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Admiration for the climbers． B．Concern about the risk． C．Confidence in the journey． D．Hope for Mt．Qomolangma's future． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质检)Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself，“What was I going to do？”If you have, you are not alone．Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a“mental block” in the brain．This is generally referred to as the doorway effect． In the early years of brain research，scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives．Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them，we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory． Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds，it is not true．Our brain is much more complex than that．Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(有许多片段的)in general．If you think back on anything, you'll probably quickly realize our memories don't function as clear narratives．Instead, they're more episodic and divided into parts． The new research led by psychologist Oliver Baumann from Bond University in Australia suggests that it's not so much the doorways that cause a memory wipe, as when we move from one location to a significantly different one, there is abrupt change of the scene that prepares our minds for something new．“A good example is moving around in a department store，”says Baumann．“Taking the elevator between floors may have no effect on our memory, but moving from the store to the parking lot might cause us to forget something that we need to buy．” Baumann also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon．In other words，walking through open doors is thought to reset memory to make room for a new episode． The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence．So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer's disease is creeping up on you! 8．Which of the following would most probably be the “doorway effect”？ A．You missed a call and forgot to ring back． B．You read a book and forget what it is about． C．You entered the office and forgot what to get． D．You saw a man years ago and forget who he is now． 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．All memories are linked in the brain． B．Memories are clearly separated in the brain． C．Not all the memories can be found in the brain． D．Memories are stored in particular sections of the brain． 10．What can we infer from Baumann's research? A．Taking an elevator stimulates new memory． B．Walking through open doors results in memory loss． C．A sudden change of the scene boosts intelligence development． D．An overloaded brain increases the possibility of the doorway effect． 11．What does the author think of the“doorway effect”？ A．Insignificant．　 B．Beneficial． C．Influential． D．Damaging． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·湖北省部分重点中学联考)At the age of 41，I finally got to live my childhood dream．I got to spend an entire 1 alone at an airport．I was 2 by mere minutes．The next plane wouldn't be 3 until early the next morning．I took advantage of my “extra vacation time” and made my own 4 ． First, I passed through the rotunda (圆形大厅)，which I had 5 through many times before without ever truly looking at it．Then，I found a fashion 6 made by students and took my time appreciating their 7 and hard work． Late，I was 8 by a full-size copy of a large brontosaurus (雷龙)．You wonder what that brontosaurus might have been thinking about before it 9 and how it might have felt about living in an airport．You wonder what the 10 might look like in the future．I waved to all the security cameras，hoping that there was someone 11 on the other side，having a good laugh． I 12 my airport adventure that night．I thought little of the posts when my flight took off．By the time my plane 13 ，they were going viral．As a writer, I would have 14 this to make me happy．But I began to feel a deep sadness．Has everyone grown entirely 15 to the beauty all around us？ 1．A．weekend　　　 B．night C．day D．decade 2．A．disappointed B．amused C．early D．late 3．A．arriving B．missing C．delaying D．waiting 4．A．attempt B．decision C．adventure D．journey 5．A．wandered B．cycled C．rushed D．struggled 6．A．trend B．display C．collection D．decoration 7．A．generosity B．distribution C．admiration D．talent 8．A．greeted B．provided C．troubled D．served 9．A．accumulated B．vanished C．died D．appeared 10．A．brontosaurus B．airport C．human D．world 11．A．watching B．trembling C．investigating D．blessing 12．A．demonstrated B．copied C．posted D．appreciated 13．A．gave off B．touched down C．picked up D．broke through 14．A．preferred B．inspired C．recommended D．expected 15．A．blind B．accustomed C．addicted D．related 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·泰安市期中)假定你是李华，你准备参加学校即将举办的英文歌曲大赛。请给你班交换生Anna写一封邮件请她给予指导，内容包括： 1．说明比赛要求； 2．请她推荐歌曲； 3．请求陪同练习。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Anna， ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 8/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十七) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个能帮助英语学习的播客。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据Learn English Podcast部分中的“Worksheets and vocabulary tasks are also included．”可知，Learn English Podcast提供了活页练习题和词汇任务。故选D。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据Speaking Broadly部分中的“You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes．”可知，在该播客中，你会看到一些英语学习者常犯的错误，并可以从这些错误中学习来提高你的英语水平。也就是说，该播客展现了英语学习者常犯的错误。故选C。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据The English We Speak部分中的“Whatever level you are，you will find it rewarding．”和Elementary Podcast部分中的“This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners．”可知，二者都适合初学者。故选B。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在Thom Pollard的激励下，作者开始攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但他发现这要比他想象中难。在攀登的过程中，作者感悟到了更重要的东西，并对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea of... What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry．”可知，曾经的最终登山目标成了商业向导行业的焦点。由此可知，作者讨厌攀登珠穆朗玛峰是因为它变成了一个赚钱的行业。故选C项。] 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pollard's story moved me．”可知，Pollard的故事打动了作者。由此可知，作者后来攀登珠穆朗玛峰是受到了Thom Pollard的激励。故选B项。] 6．D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“I began to pack for the... in any climbing．”可知，作者以为先进的登山设备可以使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得容易，但是事实证明，作者错了。在地球的最高点，作者感觉攀登珠穆朗玛峰比以往任何一次攀登都要累。再根据画线词后的“not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route”可知，此处表示在攀登的过程中，作者一直在向Mallory、Irvine和所有有动力推动自己走上这条路的人致敬。故选D项。] 7．A　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“It was hiding... footsteps up Mount Qomolangma．”可知，Irvine和Mallory所分享的这种精神隐藏在显而易见的地方，就在它一直存在的地方：在那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢灵魂里。由此可推断，作者在最后对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。故选A项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当人们走进一扇门时总会忘记一些事情，这种情况被称为“门口效应”。本文主要介绍了“门口效应”产生的原因，以及对大脑的其他研究成果等。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Psychologists believe that... the doorway effect．”可知，“门口效应”是指穿过一扇门进入另一个房间时，我们会在大脑中形成“心理障碍”，这会导致暂时性遗忘，故C项“你走进办公室，忘了要去拿什么”符合“门口效应”的特征。故选C。] 9．C　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“walking through... room for a new episode”可知，穿过敞开的门被认为会重置记忆，为新情节腾出空间。根据第六段的首句“The good news is... and intelligence．”可知，在进入另一个房间后经历这种情节遗忘是正常现象。据此可以推知，并非所有的记忆都能在大脑中找到。] 10．D　[推理判断题。根据第五段“Baumann also points... make room for a new episode．”可知，Baumann还指出，忙碌和可能超负荷的大脑似乎确实在“门口效应”中起了一定作用，即穿过敞开的门被认为会重置记忆，为新情节腾出空间。据此可以推知，超负荷的大脑增加了“门口效应”的可能性。] 11．A　[观点态度题。通读最后一段可知，在进入另一个房间后经历这种情节遗忘跟记忆力和智力并无关系，所以当你进入一个房间，突然忘记你为什么在那里的时候，你不应该认为自己有患阿尔茨海默病的嫌疑。据此可以推知，作者认为“门口效应”无关紧要。insignificant“微不足道的”；beneficial“有裨益的”；influential“有很大影响的”；damaging“有损害的”。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因错过航班而独自待在机场过夜的一次经历。作者把这个晚上当作一次冒险经历，并在此期间发现了之前从未发现的美。 1．B　[根据下文的“The next plane... the next morning．”和语境可知，作者在机场过夜了。下文中的“adventure that night”亦是提示。故选B。] 2．D　[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指作者迟到了几分钟，错过了航班。故选D。] 3．A　[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指下一班飞机第二天一早才到达。故选A。] 4．C　[根据语境尤其是下文的“I my airport adventure that night．”可知，作者把这次因错过航班而独自待在机场的这个晚上当作一次冒险经历。故选C。] 5．C　[根据语境和下文的“without ever truly looking at it”可知，以前，作者经过圆形大厅时都是匆匆而过。故选C。] 6．B　[根据语境可知，此处是指机场大厅里有学生制作的时尚展览。故选B。] 7．D　[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指作者花时间欣赏学生制作的时尚展览，这些展览展示的是他们的才华和努力。故选D。] 8．A　[根据下文的“a full-size copy of a large brontosaurus”可知，作者在机场闲逛，随之映入作者眼帘的是一个雷龙的复制品。greet“映入……的眼帘”。故选A。] 9．C　[根据上文的“what that brontosaurus might have been thinking about”和常识可知，人们会好奇雷龙在死亡之前会想什么。故选C。] 10．D　[根据空处所在句“You wonder what that brontosaurus might have been thinking about before it and how it might have felt about living in an airport．”可知，此处表示你想知道未来世界是什么样子。故选D。] 11．A　[根据上文的“the security cameras”可知，此处是指希望监控录像机外有人在观看。故选A。] 12．C　[根据下文的“I thought little of the posts when my flight took off．”可知，作者把那晚在机场的经历发布了出去。故选C。] 13．B　[根据上文的“when my flight took off”可推知，此处是指在作者的飞机着陆之前，它们在网络上迅速传播。touch down“着陆”。故选B。] 14．D　[根据语境和空后一句可知，作者期待这能让他快乐。故选D。] 15．A　[根据上文的“I began to feel a deep sadness”和作者此次的经历可知，作者在感叹人们对周围的美视而不见。blind“视而不见的；没有觉察到的”。故选A。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear Anna， I'm writing to ask for your help．Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend．I have signed up for it．It is required that the theme should be about nature．Each contestant is given up to five minutes to sing the song．So, would you please give me some recommendations on which song to choose? Besides，what I need is the skills of singing, including pronunciation and intonation，which will perfect my performance．I'd appreciate it if you could practice with me． Looking forward to your reply． Yours sincerely， Li Hua 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十八) 必修第三册　UNIT 1　Nature in the balance Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北省七市调研)Rescuers in Jersey said Sunday after an all-night search that there was no hope of survivors from an explosion that flattened a three-storey apartment block．At least three people were confirmed killed in the accident early Saturday in the Channel Island's port capital St．Helier, following a suspected gas leak． “We have three confirmed deaths and it's fair to say we expect to find more，” police chief Robin Smith told a news conference, saying that around 12 residents remained unaccounted for．“It is with sadness that I am confirming that the search-and-rescue operation has been moved to a recovery operation，” he said． The phase involved a “painstaking search of the debris (残骸)” which could take weeks, Smith said, adding that a gas leak was the “likely” cause．Aided by sniffer dogs and experts from southern England, Jersey emergency workers had searched the rubble (瓦砾) overnight． Fire chief Paul Brown confirmed that firefighters were called out to investigate the smell of gas on Friday evening, more than seven hours before the explosion．But in vain．He admitted that something had gone “horribly wrong”， considering the subsequent disaster, but insisted that Jersey islanders could still have confidence in his service． Jersey's gas supplier, Island Energy, said it was working with the fire service to understand what happened． Like many others in St．Helier, Jersey's Chief Minister Kristina Moore said she was awoken by the explosion．“Across the island you could hear this extraordinary sound，” she told the BBC．“It's unthinkable news, so we're all absolutely shocked and really worried about the people who are involved and about those whose lives have been lost．” The incident caps a tragic week for Jersey, whose economy relies on banking, tourism and fishing． “We must call on the collective strength of the island community，” Moore said． 1．What's the possible cause of the accident? A．The gas leak． B．The gas supplier． C．The recovery operation． D．The unexpected explosion． 2．What was the main task of the recovery operation? A．Rescuing the dead． B．Searching the rubble． C．Searching for the debris． D．Working with the fire service． 3．What may Paul Brown's words imply? A．He had predicted the explosion hours before it． B．The fire service was investigating the explosion． C．People lost confidence in the island's fire service． D．The fire service was partly responsible for the accident． 4．How did Moore feel after the accident? A．Panicked and frightened． B．Relieved and hopeful． C．Astonished and concerned． D．Fearful and sorrowful． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·石家庄市质检)Too much stuff, too much to do, too much stress... These are weighing people down and breaking their spirit． 1 Here are several things to help you get started． The first step is to sort out your possessions．To live a simple life, you need a simple living space．So take some time to tidy your living area．Focus on keeping things that you value deeply and throw away things that you don't need any longer． 2 Finally, you will be shocked to see how few possessions you actually use in your daily life． 3 As humans we tend to think of what we are used to as being naturally right．However, there could be problems in the million little things that bother us as we go about our day．The best skill you can develop in your life is the ability to take a step back and look at things objectively by raising doubts about what is seemingly the way it is supposed to be． We should always stay mindful and live with intention．If there is something in your life that you don't love, change it! Cut out the things that aren't serving you．You can write down what an ideal day would look like for you in five years' time．Then outline what things you want more in your life and what things you want less． 4 Managing your time wisely counts． 5 Instead, take some time to think about whether it's something that you are excited about attending．Be clear how you spend your time and take control of what you do．This is how you can guarantee yourself a flexible schedule and do everything in an unhurried way． A．Minimalists live intentionally． B．Complete the process in several sweeps． C．Don't reply “yes” to everything you're invited to． D．With that in hand, you have a goal to work towards． E．From time to time, you need to question your lifestyle． F．That's why there is a growing interest in the minimalist lifestyle． G．Having a flexible schedule depends on you taking control of things． Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·重庆市名校联盟联考)The traditional Chinese craft of turning thick bamboo into delicate slices achieves fame on overseas short video platforms, receiving more than 10 million 1．________(view) and hundreds of thousands of likes．The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production processes of their handicrafts on social media, 2．________ are regarded as “3．________(mystery) Chinese power”in the eyes of foreign netizens． A woman，4．________ short video talent from Omaha，the USA，filmed a reaction video to the artistry and posted 5．________ online．While witnessing the processes of bamboo gradually turning into bamboo silk and pot brushes，she couldn't contain her 6．________ (surprise) expression．“A real craftsman，”she said in the video． 7．________ fancy tools, these bamboo craftsmen make amazing works of art 8．________(simple) using their own bare hands．Pan Yunfeng, 51, from Lin'an，Zhejiang Province，started learning bamboo weaving at an early age and by now with over 5 million followers on short video platforms，he 9．________(become) a genuine influencer for netizens at home and abroad． Bamboo weaving art，10．________(originate) from the Warring States period 2，000 years ago, has become an essential part of traditional Chinese culture．Now，the popularity of bamboo art on short video platforms has opened a window for foreign netizens to better understand Chinese culture． 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·潍坊市模拟)Joyce was in the fourth grade, and he joined the noisy children of his class as usual．“Children! Silence！”Mangat Madam suddenly entered the class．She announced that next week would be the math week．“I'd like each of you to work on a project．You could do it individually or in groups．”she instructed．“The topic for the project needs approving tomorrow, and it has to be displayed at the math week exhibition．The best project will be awarded and there is also a surprise gift from my side，”she added． Joyce，who was extremely good at math，sat in the corner seat of the first bench with Karan．Karan asked Joyce if they could work on the math project together．Joyce replied in a prideful tone，“Ha ha，you want to join me．I think I will do the project on my own．”Joyce wanted to get awarded and the surprise gift all for himself from Mangat Madam． After deep consideration, Joyce decided to work on a math magic quiz on the circuit board．The next day in school，Mangat Madam arrived in the classroom and all the children submitted their topics for the math exhibition．They all chose to work in groups except Joyce．In the following days，Joyce gathered all the materials for the project such as wires, bulbs(电灯泡)，a switch and a thin plywood board(胶合板)．He worked out a few mathematical basic operations to be fixed on the board so that when the wire of the circuit touched the right answer, the bulb glowed．Joyce completed the project and was happy with the result． The evening before the exhibition while packing his school bag, Joyce again checked the project to see if it was working fine．Alas！All the lights that were to glow did not seem to light at all．Without finding the reason, Joyce was tense．However, he decided to take the same project to the school as he couldn't change the topic at the last minute．Then came the next day，and everybody was fascinated in the exhibition． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 It was Joyce's turn to display his project．__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Finally，the teacher announced that Karan's team was the winner．_____ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十八) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇报道。文章主要介绍了泽西岛上一次爆炸事故后的搜救与调查工作，以及事故发生后各部门负责人对事故的表态。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“following a suspected gas leak”和第三段的“a gas leak was the‘likely’ cause”可知，燃气泄漏可能是导致爆炸事故的原因。故选A项。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“The phase involved a ‘painstaking search of the debris’”可知，下一阶段的工作主要是在废墟中寻找残骸。故选C项。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“He admitted that something had gone ‘horribly wrong’，considering the subsequent disaster”可知，考虑到后续发生的灾难，他推测消防部门在爆炸前几个小时对燃气气味的追踪调查中肯定有工作上的失误，因此对这起事故也间接负有一定的责任。故选D项。] 4．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第六段的“‘Across the island you could hear this extraordinary sound，’she told the BBC．‘It's unthinkable news，so we're all absolutely shocked and really worried about the people who are involved... ’”可知，穆尔认为这一事件是难以想象的，她和其他人都很震惊，并担心事故的受害者和遇难者。故选C项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何做到极简生活。 1．F　[空前提到太多的事情和压力压得人们喘不过气，空后提到这里有几件事可以帮你开始。由此可知该空应该会讲到一种减轻人们压力的方式，起到承上启下的作用，F项“这就是人们对极简主义生活方式越来越感兴趣的原因”符合语境。后文的内容也都是关于如何做到极简主义，故选F。] 2．B　[空前一句讲到专注于保留你非常珍视的东西，扔掉你不再需要的东西，空后一句提到最后你会惊讶地发现你在日常生活中实际使用的物品是如此之少。由此可知，该空的内容应与完成整理任务有关。对比各选项可知，B项“在几次打扫中完成此过程”符合语境，故选B。] 3．E　[分析文章结构可知，本文为总分结构。第二段至第五段，每段的首句都为该段的主题句。根据结构衔接做题法可知，该空也应为该段的主题句。根据该段内容尤其是“The best skill you can develop... the way it is supposed to be．”可知，此段讲述的是要时常对自己的生活方式提出质疑，E项符合语境，故选E。] 4．D　[根据该段首句可知，该段讲述的是我们应该始终保持有意识、有目标的生活方式。由此可知，该空内容应与目标相关，D项“有了那个，你就有了一个奋斗的目标”符合语境，故选D。D项中的that指代空前说的概述你在生活中更想要的东西和不太想要的东西这一行为。] 5．C　[该空后面的Instead和attending是解题的关键，空后一句提到相反，花点时间想想你是否有兴趣参加。分析各选项可知，C项符合语境，意思是不要对所有你受到的邀请都回答“是”，故选C。该选项中的invited与空后一句中的attending呼应。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国的竹编通过社交媒体走出国门，为外国网民更好地了解中国文化打开了一扇窗。 1．views　[考查名词复数。根据空前的“10 million”和空后的“and... likes”可知，该空应填所给词的复数形式。] 2．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且该空在句中作主语，故填which。] 3．mysterious　[考查形容词。该空在句中作定语，修饰Chinese power，故填mysterious。] 4．a　[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“ short video talent from Omaha，the USA”在句中作主语的同位语，指的是“一个来自美国奥马哈的短视频达人”，表泛指，short的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。] 5．it　[考查代词。该空在句中作posted的宾语，指代上文中的a reaction video，故填代词it。] 6．surprised　[考查形容词。该空在句中作定语，修饰名词expression，故填surprised。] 7．Without　[考查介词。根据下文的“using their own bare hands”可知，手艺人们没有花哨的工具，句首大写首字母，故填Without。] 8．simply　[考查副词。空处修饰动词-ing形式短语“using their own bare hands”，故填副词simply。] 9．has become　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前的by now在句中作时间状语，常与现在完成时连用；主语he为第三人称单数，故填has become。] 10．originating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，空处在此作非谓语，originate与Bamboo weaving art之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填originating。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 It was Joyce's turn to display his project． Making his way to the platform with heavy steps, Joyce placed all the materials for his project well and began to conduct his math magic quiz on the circuit board．He prayed in his heart that his lights would glow again but in vain．Hearing other students whispering to each other, Joyce's face flushed with shame．He ducked his head and stepped back to his seat．And then Karan's team showed their project．With joint efforts, they made it． Finally，the teacher announced that Karan's team was the winner． All the students burst into thunderous applause on hearing that．Karan and his partners walked up to the front with great excitement．They were awarded and also received the surprise gift from Mangat Madam．After class，Joyce approached Karan，expressed admiration for his team's project and congratulated on their success sincerely．That day Joyce learnt the biggest lesson of his life：it is always better to work as a team rather than working alone． 3/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$