第1部分 必修第2册 Unit 2 Be sporty，be healthy-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

Be sporty, be healthy 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·济南学情检测)During the race, my lungs were on fire, and legs felt like stone． 2．(行为描写)(2024·梅州质量检测)Upon seeing me, the cat jumped off the window, running towards me in a flash． 3．(景物描写)(2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them． (2024·晋中高三模拟)Trembling and sobbing, he collapsed on the ground, feeling alone and betrayed．He had no choice but to cry all the way back home．Seeing his mother, he couldn't conceal his sorrow, pouring the incident out to her, who would always be there for him whenever he felt down． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ vt．减少，缩小 2．________ n．常规，惯例 adj．常规的，例行的；乏味的 3．________ vt．& vi．伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 4．________ n．汗水 vt．& vi．出汗，流汗 5．________ vt．阻止，阻碍 6．________ vt．维持；维修，保养 7．________ vt．使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 8．________ vt．用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 9．________ n．处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 10．________ n．大师，能手；主人 vt．精通，掌握；控制 11．________ vi．& n．疼痛，隐痛 12．________ vt．& vi．(使)生根 n．根，根茎；根源，起因 1．I woke up ________(sweat) and nervous, but ready to prove something of myself． 2．These skills may take a long time ________(master), but they will serve you well all your life． 3．Building more motorways will help the environment by ________(reduce) pollution and traffic jams in towns and cities． 4．After finishing the hard work, he yawned and ________(stretch), tired but delighted． 5．The secretary was back in the office, ________(update) the work schedule on the computer． 6．People widely accept that it takes effort and wisdom ________(maintain) world peace． 7．A customer took a washing machine in for repair, only to be told it needed ________(replace)． 8．There was general agreement that every effort should be made ________(prevent) the war from spreading． 9．When you climb the mountain, these steps always provide you with a place to rest your ________(ache) legs． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．injure vt．伤害，损伤→________ n．伤害，损伤→________ adj．受伤的 2．equip vt．配备；装备→________ n．配备，装备；设备 3．announce vt．宣布，宣告；通知→________ n．宣布，宣告；通知→________ n．播音员；宣告者 4．inspire vt．激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→________ n．灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→________ adj．受鼓舞的→________ adj．鼓舞人心的 5．explore vt．& vi．探究，探索；勘探，勘察→________ n．探险；探索，探究→________ n．探险者 6．satisfy vt．满足；使满意→________ n．满意；满足，达到→________ adj．令人满意的→________ adj．满足的；(感到)满意的 7．exist vi．存在；生活，生存→________ n．生存；存在→________ adj．目前的，现有的 8．breathe vi．& vt．呼吸；呼出→________ n．呼吸→________ adj．气喘吁吁的 1．Part of the solution to the growing problem of child ________ is to strengthen the care that ________ children receive．(injure) 2．Most campus buildings ________ with fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, sprinklers and other fire­fighting ________．(equip) 3．According to the ________ issued by the university, the winners of the competition will ________ on the website next Friday．(announce) 4．My ________ often comes from poets like Baudelaire, who wrote a lot of ________ works．(inspire) 5．“We're at a point in history where everyone can be an ________，” said Doug McCuistion, director of a Mars ________ program．(explore) 6．To the ________ of the boss, his products could basically ________ the needs of customers．(satisfy) 7．Apparently, it is difficult for the ________ theories to explain how the universe first came into ________．(exist) 8．I climbed up the mountain ________ the fresh air．I became ________ when I was on the top, but the ________ of fresh air was worth it．(breath) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2．___________ 长期 3．___________ 持续，坚持 4．___________ 弥补，补偿 5．___________ 对……做出反应； 作为对……的回复 6．___________ 略有不适，不舒服 7．___________ 不足为奇，并不奇怪 8．___________ 起源于 9．___________ 造成，引起 1．Programs to fight depression are not very effective, because depressed patients are not likely ___________ them． 2．Contrary to general belief, the poorest are least likely ___________ their losses from disasters． 3．___________ the increasing demand for organic products，the supermarket has expanded its selection of organic fruits and vegetables． 4．When feeling ___________， you may as well get plenty of rest and drink lots of water． 5．According to some experts, many of children's problems ___________ their early childhood experiences． 6．It's commonly acknowledged that strength training can ___________ for your physical and emotional well­being． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．have/has been doing现在完成进行时 I've been feeling a bit under the weather recently: generally tired and not myself． 多年来，他的音乐一直给我带来欢乐、希望和力量，尤其是在我即将放弃的时候。 Over the years, his music ________________________， especially when I'm about to give up．(续写之情感描写) 2．状语从句中谓语的省略 To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising． 大卫和我在使用加油站卫生间时总是有点紧张。 David and I were always a little nervous ________ gas station bathrooms．(续写之心理描写) 1．assume vt．假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 ①The old couple assumed him ________(be) reliable and lent him a large sum of money． ②________(assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do? ③Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ________(assume) you've made． 过了一会儿，他们发现有一个他们以为是狗的动物在跟着一个骑自行车的男人跑。当他们走近时，他们意识到那不是狗，是一只狼。 A bit later, they spotted _____________________________ running alongside a man on a bike．As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf． ◎assume ... to be假定……是；认为……是 ◎assume that ... 假定……；认为…… ◎It is generally assumed that普遍认为 ◎assuming (that)假定(＝if) ◎assumption n．假定；假设 ◎assume that the plan succeeds假设该计划成功 ◎be often assumed to be more trustworthy经常被认为更值得信赖 ◎assume the responsibility for protecting the environment承担起保护环境的责任 2．tend vi．往往会；趋向 vt．照看 ①The young man took a job ________(tend) a coffee bar after he arrived in New York． ②(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend ________(have) a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match． ③(2020·浙江卷)The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend ________ it while Don stayed in his seat． 每当我趋向于抱怨并且想放弃时，我就看到他在竭尽全力，就会发现自己也有动力去努力工作了。 __________________________________， I watch him push himself to his own limits, and I find myself motivated to work as hard． ◎tend (to) sb/sth照料；护理 ◎tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会做某事 ◎tendency n．倾向；趋势 ◎have a tendency to do sth倾向于做某事；往往会做某事 ◎there is a tendency to do sth有一种做……的倾向 ◎tend to make mistakes往往会犯错误 ◎tend (to) these disabled children carefully细心照料这些残疾的孩子 ◎have a tendency to talk too much总爱唠叨 3．range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers enjoy a staff­to­child ratio ________(range) from 1：4 to 1：7 depending on the age group． ②That car, whose price is 30，000 dollars, is ________ of my range, so I have to give it up． ③(2021·全国乙卷) And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had ________ range of words that express different grades of gratitude． 他有很多兴趣，从下棋到游泳。 ①He has a number of interests, _____________________________．(使用定语从句) ②He has a number of interests, _________________________．(使用分词短语) ◎a wide range of广泛的；多种的；大范围的 ◎in/within range在射程以内；在范围内 ◎beyond/out of range在射程外；在范围外 ◎beyond/out of one's range某人能力达不到的 ◎range from ... to ... /between ... and ... 从……到……之间；在……范围内变动 ◎offer a wide range of courses提供多种课程 ◎out of her range of vision在她的视线之外 ◎range in price from $3 to $15价格从3美元到15美元不等 4．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vi．& vt．没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 ①Health problems are often linked to poor diet and a relative lack ________ exercise． ②(2021·北京卷改)It was unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously ________(lack) in flexibility． ③(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness ________ lack of proper treatment． (普通表达)He failed the driving test for lack of confidence． (高级表达)________________ accounted for his failure in the driving test． ◎lack sth缺少某物 ◎(a/the) lack of缺乏…… ◎lacking adj．短缺的；缺乏的 ◎be lacking in缺少…… ◎be aware of the lack of resources意识到资源的匮乏 ◎show a lack of confidence during an interview面试时显得底气不足 ◎be increasingly lacking in confidence about myself对我自己越来越没信心 5．hesitate vi．犹豫，迟疑 ①When offered a job as a waitress, she didn't hesitate for a moment ________ taking it． ②She stood there, ________(hesitate) over whether or not to tell her husband the truth． ③If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates ________(buy) them a meal． 也许是注意到我不情愿说出真相，女孩会心一笑，走开了。 Maybe ________________________， the girl gave me a knowing smile and left． ◎hesitate to do sth犹豫做某事；不愿做某事 ◎hesitate about/over (doing) sth(做)某事犹豫不决 ◎hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑；不情愿 ◎without hesitation毫不犹豫地 ◎hesitate about taking the job对接受这份工作犹豫不决 ◎agree to do it without hesitation一口应下做这件事 ◎never hesitate to lend me a hand毫不犹豫地向我伸出援手 6．admit vt．& vi．承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 ①She is studying very hard in the hope of ________(admit) to Peking University． ②(2021·全国甲卷)It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for ________(admit) to the genius club． ③The youngsters admitted ________(plan) trips around potential photo­opportunities and then messaging friends to demand “likes” for their online posts． (普通表达)People generally believe that Mount Huangshan is a must to visit while you're travelling in China． (高级表达)It _____________________________ that Mount Huangshan is a must to visit while you're travelling in China． ◎admit (to) (doing/having done) sth承认(做了)某事 ◎admit ... to be ... 承认……是…… ◎admit ... to/into ... 允许……进入或加入…… ◎be admitted to/into ... 被……录取；被允许进入…… ◎It is generally/widely admitted that ... 公认……；通常认为…… ◎admission n．准许进入；入场费 ◎admit (to) being strict with the children承认对孩子太严厉 ◎refuse to admit (to) the other charges拒不承认其他的指控 ◎be admitted into the football club被准许加入该足球俱乐部 7．make up for弥补，补偿 ①As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up ________ that something missing． ②The human body may slow its metabolism(新陈代谢) by about 28% in an attempt ________(make) up for calories burned during exercise． ③Delays should ________(make) up for by adjusting future work schedule, rather than asking for more time． 任何语言都无法弥补与她的孩子分离10年所带来的痛苦。 ________________________________ of being separated from her children for 10 years． ◎make up 编造；组成；整理；弥补；和好 ◎be made up of由……组成/构成 ◎make for走向，导致，有助于 ◎make out(勉强)辨认出，听出；弄清；理解 ◎make up for the lost years弥补失去的岁月 ◎make up for what they lack in speed弥补他们速度上的不足 ◎make up excuses to escape punishment编造借口以逃避惩罚 8．[教材原句]Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations．太极拳让我学会了放松心态，使我在有压力的环境下也能冷静应对。 ①(2021·全国甲卷)Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, ________(damage) a nerve in my hand． ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations, greatly ________(reduce) waterfowl habitat． ③(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse ________(find) the children weeping from the cold． 通往道森的小路上覆盖着30英尺厚的湿雪，一场雪崩一度将小路封闭，造成63人死亡。 The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow and a snowslide once closed the path, ________________________． 教材原句中的enabling me to stay cool ... 是动词­ing形式短语作结果状语。动词­ing形式作结果状语时，一般表示必然的、自然而然的结果。另外，动词不定式，特别是only to do ... 形式也可作结果状语，但一般表示意想不到的结果。 There is nothing worse than trying to relax and eat a special meal only to find clouds of cigarette smoke drifting over you．本打算轻松一下，吃上一顿特别的饭菜，结果却发现周围烟雾缭绕，没有什么比这更糟糕了。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Residents here wouldn't hesitate ________(call) the police at the first sign of trouble． 2．Tim is still hesitating about whether ________(take) the job．It's really a difficult decision for him． 3．________(admit) to a university doesn't necessarily mean you will succeed in your future life． 4．It ________(assume) that global warming and climate change may cause even more disasters in the future． 5．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Cattle tend ________(keep) in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets． 6．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________(range) from butterflies to elephants． 7．The powerful earthquake caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ________(kill) more than 6，500 people． 8．You need to know that having fine grades and test results does not guarantee ________(admit) to a top university in the United States． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．She felt nervous, increasingly lacking ________ confidence about herself． 2．Gaining admission ________ a university is seen as a must for future job seekers． 3．I hesitated ________ taking his side until I knew the whole story about a week later． 4．Many children of off­farm workers were left behind at home, with no one to tend ________ them． 5．(2023·浙江1月卷改)Explorers Camp focuses on ________ range of topics that emphasise active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Exercise improves certain brain functions, ________(mean) you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school． 2．When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing ________(consider) is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility． 3．You should also start small and slowly work your way to a longer and harder exercise routine to avoid ________(get) hurt． 4．When my friend first suggested that we ________(join) the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated． 5．Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th­century Taoist, was said ________(invent) tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．After exercise you need to eat foods rich in protein, but when to eat is ________ great importance． 2．You know, it's really difficult to fit exercise ________ my busy schedule． 3．Active people tend to have better immune systems and are ________ lower risk of diseases． 4．No wonder some tai chi moves are named ________ animals－Chinese martial arts have a long­standing practice of imitating animals． 5．With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found ________ my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle． ________ A．伸展　 　 B．一片地域　 　 C．(终点)直道 2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears． ________ A．减少 B．缩小 C．使……陷入某种状态中 3．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable． ________ A．作品 B．创造 C．宇宙 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you－and then try to explain them． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand ... and then try ... 。句中的who引导________从句，think后又跟一个省略了that的________从句，该从句中的understand和try是并列________。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：Everyone can play a part ... , whether by not purchasing ... or by asking restaurants to not include ... 。句中whether ... or ... 连接两个by引导的________短语，you won't eat为省略了关系代词的________从句，修饰先行词the side dish。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ If you're looking for a way to reduce stress, consider tai chi, an ancient Chinese tradition 1．________ is practiced as a graceful form of exercise．It involves a range of movements 2．________(perform) in a slow, focused manner and accompanied by deep breathing． Tai chi is assumed by many 3．________(be) a system of gentle physical exercise and stretching, which puts very little stress on muscles and joints, 4．________(make) it generally safe for all ages and fitness levels．You may also find tai chi appealing because it's inexpensive and 5．________(require) no special equipment．When practiced regularly, tai chi will have a huge effect 6．________ you both physically and mentally．The obvious 7．________(benefit) include enhancing the immune system, lowering blood pressure and maintaining strength, flexibility and balance．You may enjoy even 8．________(great) benefits if you stick with it over the long term and become more skilled． Tai chi is generally safe, 9．________ for beginners, especially the elderly, it is recommended that they seek 10．________(guide) from a qualified tai chi instructor to ensure that they learn proper techniques and reduce the risk of injury． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①在探索布莱克太太的庭院时，我不小心弄坏了她的一些花儿。 While _____________________________， I accidentally ruined some of her flowers． ②起初，我很犹豫要不要向她承认我的过失。 Initially, I found myself _____________________________ to her． ③经过数分钟的思想挣扎，我的勇气最终取代了担忧。 After ____________________， I managed to _________________________． ④我去向布莱克夫人道歉，她对我报以满意的微笑。 I went to apologize to Mrs Black, who responded with ________________________． ⑤这件事告诉我，诚实要永远根植于我的脑海中。 This incident tells me that honesty should always ________________________． ⑥布莱克夫人的宽恕和善良也一直激励着我要勇敢地为自己的行为负责。 Mrs Black's forgiveness and kindness ________________________ ___________________ my actions． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于动作描写的词汇 用于情感、环境描写的词汇 stretch, prevent, lack, in response to hesitate, satisfaction, stick with, nearby, position Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 一只在附近玩耍的黑熊嗅到了我们面包的味道，然后靠着嗅觉来到了我们所在的位置。它饿极了，似乎要一口把我们吞下去。面对此危险我们该怎么办呢？突然，我想到了一个好主意。我决定用面包来阻止它的攻击。我把面包尽可能地扔向远处。这个办法确实有效。熊毫不犹豫地朝面包跑去，满足地吃了起来。应我们的请求，一架直升机很快来救我们了。我们立即爬了进去。这真是一次可怕而宝贵的经历。 A black bear ________ sniffed the smell of our bread, and ________________．It was so hungry that he ________________．What should we do ________________？ Suddenly, ________________．I decided to use bread ___________．I threw the bread as far away as I could．The method did work．The bear ________________ and ate it ________．________________， a helicopter soon came to our rescue．We climbed in immediately．It was indeed _____________． 9/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第二册　UNIT 2　Be sporty, be healthy 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．reduce　2．routine　3．stretch　4．sweat　5．prevent　6．maintain　7．update　8．replace　9．position　10．master　11．ache　12．root 语境运用 1．sweating　2．to master　3．reducing　4．stretched　5．updating　6．to maintain　7．replacing/to be replaced　8．to prevent　9．aching 派生单词 1．injury；injured　2．equipment　3．announcement；announcer　4．inspiration；inspired；inspiring　5．exploration；explorer　6．satisfaction；satisfying/satisfactory；satisfied　7．existence；existing　8．breath；breathless 语境运用 1．injury；injured　2．are equipped；equipment　3．announcement；be announced　4．inspiration；inspiring　5．explorer；exploration　6．satisfaction；satisfy　7．existing；existence　8．to breathe；breathless；breath 高频短语 1．do wonders　2．over the long term　3．stick with　4．make up for　5．in response to　6．under the weather　7．no wonder　8．be rooted in　9．bring about 语境运用 1．to stick with　2．to make up for　3．In response to　4．under the weather　5．are rooted in　6．do wonders 写作佳句背诵 1．has been bringing me joy, hope and strength　2．when using 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①to be　②Assuming　③assumption [完美写作]what they assumed was a dog 2．①tending　②to have　③to [完美写作]Whenever I tend to complain and quit 3．①ranging　②out　③a [完美写作]①which range from playing chess to swimming　②ranging from playing chess to swimming 4．①of　②lacking　③for [完美写作]Lack of/Lacking confidence 5．①about/over　②hesitating　③to buy [完美写作]noticing my hesitation to tell the truth 6．①being admitted　②admission　③planning [完美写作]is generally admitted /acknowledged /accepted 7．①for　②to make　③be made [完美写作]No words could ever make up for the pain 8．①damaging　②reducing　③to find [完美写作]killing 63 people 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．to call　2．to take　3．Being admitted　4．is assumed　5．to be kept　6．ranging　7．killing　8．admission Ⅱ．1．in　2．to　3．about　4．to　5．a 层级二 Ⅰ．1．meaning　2．to consider　3．getting　4．(should) join　5．to have invented Ⅱ．1．of　2．into　3．at　4．after　5．to 层级三 Ⅰ．1．B　2．C　3．A Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：定语；宾语；谓语 尝试翻译：有一群人自认为比你更懂福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子，还试图向你解读他们，没有什么比这更能扼杀你对哲学的热爱了。 2．化繁为简：介词；定语 尝试翻译：每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买超过自身需求的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不吃的配菜。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．that/which　2．performed　3．to be　4．making　5．requires　6．on　7．benefits　8．greater　9．but　10．guidance 维度二 Step 1． ①exploring Mrs Black's courtyard　②hesitating about whether to admit my fault　③minutes of internal struggle；replace my worries with courage　④a smile of satisfaction　⑤be rooted in my mind　⑥have always inspired me to bravely take responsibility for Step 2． While exploring Mrs Black's courtyard, I accidentally ruined some of her flowers．Initially, I found myself hesitating about whether to admit my fault to her．But after minutes of internal struggle, I managed to replace my worries with courage．Then I went to apologize to Mrs Black, who responded with a smile of satisfaction．This incident tells me that honesty should always be rooted in my mind．And Mrs Black's forgiveness and kindness have always inspired me to bravely take responsibility for my actions． 维度三 Step 2． playing nearby；followed its nose to our position；seemed to swallow us up all at once；in the face of the danger；a good idea occurred to me；to prevent its attack；didn't hesitate to run towards the bread；with satisfaction；In response to our request；a horrible but precious experience 1/88 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十一) 必修第二册　UNIT 2　Be sporty, be healthy Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) Southern Oregon University(SOU) housing is not just a place to live．It is an educational environment in which we are committed to helping you learn outside of the classroom and preparing you for life beyond college．Every resident shares the responsibility of knowing and understanding our residence hall standards，so everyone can live in a positive environment． HEALTH AND SAFETY Actions which endanger the health and safety of residents are not permitted in the residence halls．Throwing any object from windows，fighting with water，lighting candles and engaging in sports or other physical activity inside the residence halls are not allowed． COOKING APPLIANCES Small appliances are acceptable if the heating element is enclosed，such as coffee makers and rice cookers．Anything with an open heating element is not permitted．You are not permitted to bring your own microwaves or fridges into the residence halls．McLoughlin Hall and Madrone apartments are equipped with full-size fridges and microwaves．Shasta and Green springs residents have the option of renting a mini fridge for the year for a reasonable rate． BICYCLES AND MOTORCYCLES There are bicycle stands conveniently located all over campus．Be sure to employ appropriate locks when parking outdoors．No motor vehicles are allowed in the residence halls．Bicycles may not be stored in hallways or any other public hall location，except Shasta and McLoughlin Hall，where bicycles can be stored within each room． NOISE & QUIET HOURS Quiet hours in housing： •Sunday through Thursday from 11 p.m.to 8 a.m. •Friday and Saturday from midnight to 10 a.m. Residents are expected to demonstrate consideration for others at all times．If a neighbor requests a reduction in the noise, whether it is during or outside the quiet hours, respect is expected． 1．What is the intention of the passage? A．To attract more students． B．To introduce SOU's commitment． C．To provide a guide to residence life． D．To explain an educational environment． 2．What is allowed if you are a Shasta resident? A．Keeping your bicycle in the room． B．Renting a full-size fridge． C．Using a microwave． D．Storing your motor in the hallway． 3．Which time is proper for a residence get-together? A．7：30 a.m.Sunday．　　 B．10 p.m.Friday． C．11：30 p.m.Tuesday． D．9 a.m.Saturday． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·南京市六校联合体联合调研)Queen Elizabeth National Park is a place of outstanding beauty and extreme biodiversity．On a previous underwater assignment with my wife and photographic partner，Jennifer Hayes，we'd documented healthy coral reefs surrounded with fish，sharks，and crocodiles．We knew that time，increased tourism and climate change could make the park different—so 15 years later，we returned to see how it was going． We were photographing some jellyfish．Jennifer，her back to me, was focused on something above her．Out of the corner of my viewfinder，I saw a sizable crocodile coming．As I began to take its photograph，I realized that the crocodile was going to swim directly between Jennifer and me．I started to make loud noises through my regulator and moved towards Jennifer, firing a burst of flash-lit shots to warn her that we had company．She quickly detected my signal and turned to meet our visitor． She gave me a quick thumbs-up, nodded OK, and said “Hello, handsome” as she bent closer to take its photos．I admired her for treating the crocodile with respect，calm curiosity and absolute joy．She didn't feel threatened．She was familiar with this kind of crocodile in this particular place—and she had a big underwater camera housing that could double as a mighty shield(盾牌)if needed．After a few pictures the crocodile，unimpressed with us，swam downstream on its way to do other crocodile things．We continued our search for jellyfish． There is always risk in our line of work．But this encounter highlighted the good news that we saw all around us here．The crocodile is an indicator animal，a symbol of a healthy ecosystem that can support top predators(捕食性动物)．The easing of travel restrictions is bound to bring more tourists—so it's vital to maintain a balance among ecotourism，exploration and conservation．That's possible if visitors adopt the same philosophy that we hold towards that curious crocodile．We enter Earth's oceans on their terms, not our own． 4．What was the author's purpose in returning to Queen Elizabeth National Park? A．To enjoy its beauty． B．To assess a document． C．To check its ecosystem． D．To photograph jellyfish． 5．Why did Jennifer feel at ease with the crocodile? A．She met it before． B．She trusted her husband． C．She could protect herself． D．She longed for its company． 6．What is the implied meaning of the underlined part in the last paragraph? A．Explore nature with curiosity． B．Respect nature while exploring it． C．Study nature while developing tourism． D．Protect nature through biological research． 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Narrow Escape B．A Risky Job C．An Underwater Assignment D．A Chance Meeting C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·福州市名校调研考试)Should we be thrilled that, for the first time in a century, Australia went more than a week without using any coal to make electricity？While some are welcoming this as a sign that the country is going green，the bigger picture is less encouraging．For one thing，renewables supplied only 23 per cent of electricity during this coal-free period，while 45 per cent came from natural gas．In the past decade, the country has gone from getting a third of its electricity from coal to obtaining more than a third from renewables like onshore wind on average．Australia now gets 11 per cent of its electricity from “renewable” biomass(生物质)，much of it using imported wood．But forest campaigners say swapping coal for wood isn't truly renewable and is actually doing huge damage to the environment． For another，Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions(排放)．Producing electricity without burning fossil fuels is relatively easy．But it is much harder to heat homes, make cement and steel, grow food and power cars，ships and planes without producing any greenhouse gases．In view of this, we should handle the energy and climate crises at the same time by finding climate-friendly alternatives to coal． Australia has now stopped the financial aid that drove its renewables revolution．So growth in renewable energy is expected to come to a stop in a decade．The global renewables revolution seems to be following the same trend．The International Energy Agency(IEA) recently announced that the world added 180 gigawatts(吉瓦)of solar，wind，hydropower and bioenergy in 2018，the same as in 2017．But IEA said we must add 300 gigawatts a year to have a chance of limiting global warming to under 2 ℃ by 2100．So we should cheer the end of coal, but continue to worry about how it will be replaced． 8．In the“coal-free week”，what did Australia use most to make electricity? A．Natural gas．　 B．Onshore wind． C．Biomass． D．Wood． 9．What can be inferred about the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Paragraph 2? A．Positive results are tracked． B．Long-term goals are ambitious． C．Additional efforts are required． D．Climate change is unavoidable． 10．What can we learn about renewable energy in Paragraph 3? A．It ought to be replaced． B．It will see an adequate increase． C．It starts a revolution in Australia． D．It needs constant financial aid． 11．What is the author's attitude towards the coal-free week? A．Skeptical． B．Optimistic． C．Thrilled． D．Ambiguous． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·惠州市调研考试)One summer day，Bella，our pet dog，was in the bushes in our backyard making all sorts of noises．Our 11-year-old daughter，Kaitlin，discovered her sniffing and pawing at a 1 ， where several caterpillars (毛毛虫) chewed． My husband and I quite worried that our backyard—a 2 hangout of birds, squirrels, and neighborhood cats—wasn't the safest environment for 3 caterpillars．So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could 4 transform themselves． Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the backyard, Bella 5 with it．Each night，when we brought it back inside，Bella 6 ，and then slept under the table on which it rested．We didn't know why Bella was so 7 ，but she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' 8 ． Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies． 9 ， Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin 10 them．In fact, Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the 11 ．It wasn't until one last butterfly wouldn't fly away that Bella expressed 12 ．She gently rested her head near the 13 flier, which crawled onto her nose．Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose, and let out one 14 ．Away flew the queen butterfly，moving her wings lightly up and down, seemingly needing a little 15 from a friend to begin her migration． 1．A．cave　　　　　 B．branch C．bone D．dustbin 2．A．messy B．rare C．frequent D．noisy 3．A．delicate B．tiny C．gentle D．delicious 4．A．gradually B．comfortably C．safely D．easily 5．A．fought B．dealt C．agreed D．moved 6．A．followed B．left C．hesitated D．ignored 7．A．curious B．annoyed C．scared D．attached 8．A．journey B．transformation C．tragedy D．flight 9．A．Fortunately B．Delightfully C．Surprisingly D．Thankfully 10．A．released B．cupped C．hurt D．approached 11．A．experiment B．adventure C．cycle D．rescue 12．A．love B．concern C．doubt D．gratitude 13．A．stubborn B．abnormal C．brave D．unwilling 14．A．sigh　　 B．cry C．cheer　　 D．regret 15．A．benefit B．hug C．understanding D．push 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·北京市房山区期末)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你获悉首都博物馆正在招募暑假期间做英文讲解的志愿者，向外国游客介绍中国文化。请你用英文给相关负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．说明写信原因； 2．介绍你的相关经验和优势； 3．希望能被录用。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Sir or Madam， ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua　　　　 8/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十一) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了在南俄勒冈大学住宿应该注意的一些事项。 1．C　[写作意图题。根据文章第一段中的“Every resident shares the responsibility of knowing and understanding our residence hall standards，so everyone can live in a positive environment．”并结合下文介绍的注意事项可知，本文主要介绍了在南俄勒冈大学住宿应该注意的一些事项。故选C项。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据BICYCLES AND MOTORCYCLES部分中的“Bicycles may not be stored in hallways or any other public hall location，except Shasta and McLoughlin Hall，where bicycles can be stored within each room．”可知， Shasta的住户的自行车可以放在房间内。故选A项。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据NOISE & QUIET HOURS部分中的“Friday and Saturday from midnight to 10 a．m．”可知，周五晚上 10：00 可以举行聚会活动。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子返回伊丽莎白女王国家公园去看生态系统的变化，偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，他们发现公园的生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。 4．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We knew that time... see how it was going．”可知，作者和妻子回来是想看看伊丽莎白女王国家公园的变化，结合文章内容，尤其是最后一段中的“a healthy ecosystem”可推测出他们主要是想看看公园的生态系统。] 5．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She was familiar with... if needed．”可知，在这个特殊的地方她对这种鳄鱼很熟悉，况且她还有一个巨大的水下摄像机外壳，如果需要的话这个外壳可以充当强大的盾牌；据此可以推知，面对鳄鱼Jennifer感到轻松是因为她可以保护她自己。] 6．B　[句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“The crocodile is... curious crocodile．”可知，鳄鱼是一种标志性动物，是可以支持顶级捕食性动物生存的健康生态系统的象征。维持生态旅游、探险和保护生态这三者之间的平衡至关重要。如果游客采用作者和妻子对待那只好奇的鳄鱼的相同理念，这种平衡是有可能达成的。再结合前文可知，作者和妻子对鳄鱼持尊重的态度，据此可推知，画线句应是说我们在旅游、探索自然时也要尊重自然。] 7．D　[标题归纳题。文章讲述了作者和妻子重返伊丽莎白女王国家公园，想看看生态系统的变化，后来在拍照过程中偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，作者觉得生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。所以D项最适合作本文的标题。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。我们应该为澳大利亚“无碳周”感到兴奋吗？虽然一些人将其视为该国的环保举措，但从宏观角度上看，它却并不那么鼓舞人心。 8．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“renewables supplied only 23 per cent of... while 45 per cent came from natural gas”可知，在“无碳周”，45%的电力来自天然气，故A项正确。] 9．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions”，并结合本段的陈述可以推断，在减少温室气体排放问题上，澳大利亚还需要付出更多努力，故C项正确。] 10．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Australia has now stopped the financial aid ... come to a stop in a decade．”可以推知，可再生能源的变革需要持续的资金援助，故D项正确。] 11．A　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Should we be thrilled that... the bigger picture is less encouraging．”可知，作者对“无碳周”持怀疑态度，故A项正确。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的宠物狗Bella在后院发现了几条毛毛虫，作者和丈夫担心后院的环境对毛毛虫来说不安全，于是给毛毛虫做了个蝴蝶屋。自此，Bella开始了自己的“守望”之旅，它每天护送毛毛虫从屋里到后院的来回搬动，睡在蝴蝶屋下，看着毛毛虫破茧成蝶，最后看着它们飞走。 1．B　[根据上文中提到的“in the bushes”可知，Bella嗅树枝，并抓来抓去。] 2．C　[根据语境可知，鸟、松鼠和附近的猫经常光顾作者的后院，所以这对毛毛虫来说会很危险。] 3．A　[根据常识可知，毛毛虫在这个阶段比较脆弱。] 4．C　[根据上文中的“wasn't the safest environment”可知，“a butterfly house”会确保毛毛虫可以安全地变成蝴蝶。] 5．D　[根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' ”可知，“我们”把蝴蝶屋从屋里移到后院的时候，Bella会一起出去，而当“我们”把蝴蝶屋从院里搬回屋里的时候，Bella会跟着回去。] 6．A　[参见上题解析。] 7．D　[根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' ”可知，Bella与毛毛虫形影不离(attached)。] 8．B　[此处考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could transform themselves”可知，B项正确。transformation“变化，转变”。] 9．C　[本空为副词修饰整个句子。根据下文中的“Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin them”，再结合上文中Bella与毛毛虫形影不离可知，Bella的这种表现是令人意外的。] 10．A　[根据上文中的“Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies”和常识可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶后就不适合待在蝴蝶屋了，Kaitlin会把它们放出来。] 11．C　[分析语境可知，此处解释了“Bella didn't seem worried”的原因，即它似乎理解这是生命周期的一部分。] 12．B　[此处与上文中的“Bella didn't seem worried”形成对比，表示最后一只蝴蝶不愿飞走时，Bella开始担心了。] 13．D　[此处是对“one last butterfly wouldn't fly away”的形容，即这是一只“不愿意”飞走的蝴蝶。] 14．A　[上文讲到Bella开始担心，因此它叹了口气。] 15．D　[根据语境可知，蝴蝶轻轻地上下扇动着翅膀，似乎是需要一个朋友助它一臂之力。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear Sir or Madam， Knowing English volunteer guides for the Capital Museum are wanted during the summer vacation, I am writing to apply for this position．I am a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position． These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, which makes me confident about my communication skills in English．Besides, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce Chinese culture to foreign guests．I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity． Thank you for your consideration．Looking forward to your reply． Yours sincerely， Li Hua 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) 必修第二册　UNIT 2　Be sporty, be healthy Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北省六校期中)Soot (煤烟灰) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit． “It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study．“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels．Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day．The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming．When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat． “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast．“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective．That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results．On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing．“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well．” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year． 1．What are the feelings expressed in Khan's words in Paragraph 2? A．Doubt and concern． B．Confidence and courage． C．Anger and disappointment． D．Optimism and certainty． 2．Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica? A．Burnt plants． B．Tourist vehicles． C．Black carbon elsewhere． D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica． 3．What does Nagorski say about soot? A．It causes the Antarctic surface temperature to rise． B．It is increasing in amount because of wind． C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight． D．It is like a big mirror on Earth． 4．What might Khan do in the future? A．Help design scientific research regulations． B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation． C．Collect more data about Antarctica． D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024年1月，九省联考) Common Mistakes New Runners Make Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it．However，many make a number of common mistakes，which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury． 1 ， keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success． ·Doing too much too soon One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon．Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury，so you can continue on with your new running routine． 2 ． · 3 Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth．Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body．So it's important to give your body a rest between workouts． ·Not wearing the right equipment 4 ， it's important that you wear properly for your workouts．The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair．Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a pair of shoes． ·Running through pain 5 ．If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain．Remember: It doesn't make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy． A．Not taking rest days B．If you're just starting out C．Comparing yourself to others D．Running can be uncomfortable at times E．It's important not to use the same muscles F．While it may be true that you don't need expensive equipment to take up running G．Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·湖南省名校联合体联考)There's just a 1-in-3，700，000 chance that a person will be killed by 1．________ shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about 2．________(be) seen as prey (猎物)．Now, new research supports the long-standing theory, 3．________ explains that it's a case of “mistaken identity” when great whites go in for a bite． A team of biologists 4．________(compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming．They then edited the clips to simulate a great white's vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant's point 5．________ view, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals． “Usually, great white sharks 6．________(regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’．However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like 7．________(they) food，” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science． “They eat seals every day and bites on people are 8．________(extreme) rare，”said Catherine Macdonald, a marine scientist at the University of Miami．“So if they're not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they're solving it? 9．________(hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent．If that's the case, 10．________(addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks．” 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·潍坊市模拟)On Black Friday，the busiest shopping day of the year, I went for breakfast in downtown Little Rock． Even at 8 am there was a waiting line at the cafe．Customers stood in groups，chatting and rubbing their cold hands together, waiting to share a hot breakfast and more conversation before pouring into the stores for bargains．I could feel the cheery excitement of the holidays, but it was tied with the usual stress that spoilt the season with layers of anxiety and tiredness． Finally，I was seated by a large window．I noticed that it had begun to rain lightly outside．“Oh，no，”I complained．“I'm going to be dashing around in the rain．Shopping will be messy today！” I heard others complaining too． Then, out of the corner of my eye，I noticed an elderly man on the other side of the window，making his way carefully down the sidewalk．He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand, sheltering himself from the rain, and balancing several brooms (扫帚) on his right shoulder．Beneath a thin gray coat, he was dressed in brown pants．A striped ski cap protected his head and thick glasses covered his eyes．As I watched，he smiled and stepped politely aside to allow a couple to rush by． “Who's that？” I asked the waitress． “That's Melvin．He's been walking these streets for years and years．I've heard he put several orphans through college by selling those brooms．He's almost blind and in his seventies, but he keeps on working．I don't know how he does it．Everybody buys brooms from him．He lives a poor life but he is a wonderful person．People here have always been good to him．” Suddenly I was curious．This dear man could hardly see．Selling brooms on the streets could not earn good money．Melvin was the one who needed help！“So how does he help people？”I asked frankly． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Just then, Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant．_________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ We chatted over the breakfast．____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现这些年人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟灰污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，这引发人们思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据后文的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑炭足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．”可知，尽管一些污染是通过风从地球其他地区传播过来的，但是南极洲的煤烟灰主要来自游轮、车辆、飞机和发电机的废气。由此可知，南极洲煤烟灰的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟灰之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故选A。] 4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this... for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year．”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了刚开始跑步的人常犯的一些错误以及相应的正确做法。 1．B　2．G　3．A　4．F　5．D Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，鲨鱼吃人是因为它们把人误认作海豹。 1．a　[考查冠词。句意：一个人被鲨鱼杀死的概率只有三百七十万分之一，但这种恐惧仍然足以让游泳者担心被其视为猎物。shark是可数名词，结合句意可知，此处表泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰，且shark的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。] 2．being　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。about是介词，其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填being。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。句意：现在，新的研究支持了一个存在已久的理论，该理论解释说，大白鲨咬人是 “认错身份”的情况。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为theory，指物，设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。] 4．compared　[考查时态。句意：一组生物学家比较了海豹和人类游泳的视频。设空处作谓语，且句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填compared。] 5．of　[考查介词。句意：然后，他们对这些片段进行编辑，模拟大白鲨的视角，发现从海洋生物的角度来看，人类确实与海豹非常相似。from one's point of view是固定短语，意为“从某人的角度看”。故填of。] 6．are regarded　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，大白鲨被视为“愚蠢的杀手”和“喜欢吃人肉”。regard和great white sharks之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语great white sharks是复数。故填are regarded。] 7．their　[考查代词。句意：……我们只是看起来像它们的食物……根据语境可知，此处修饰名词food表示 “它们的”，故用形容词性物主代词。故填their。] 8．extremely　[考查词性转换。句意：迈阿密大学的一位海洋科学家凯瑟琳·麦克唐纳说：“它们每天吃海豹，咬人的情况极为罕见。”设空处修饰形容词rare应用副词extremely。故填extremely。] 9．To hit　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了击中正确的目标，鲨鱼可以依靠其他感官，比如气味。根据语境可知，设空处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填To hit。] 10．additional　[考查词性转换。句意：如果是这样的话，关于大白鲨如何使用这些感官的进一步研究可能有助于防止更多的攻击。设空处作定语，修饰名词studies应用形容词additional。故填additional。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 Just then, Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant． Waiting customers smiled and cleared the way for him．A few shook his hand．Others patted his shoulder as he moved quietly from table to table, smiling and asking，“Do you need a broom today？”Several frequenters bought from him and rose to pile their new brooms near the doorway．He gestured toward his brooms by the door，“I'm grateful for what you did for me．” At the scene，I was deeply touched by this man and his story．I ordered him a breakfast and asked him to sit next to me． We chatted over the breakfast． From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us... well, at least me, who complained just because we had to go shopping in the rain．He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better．He really made me feel humbled, and it was then that I decided to be intentionally positive and become a better person． 3/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$