第1部分 必修第1册 Unit 1 Back to school-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（译林版）

Back to school 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It was a pleasant surprise to have won the first place, and I couldn't help but shed tears of joy． 2．(行为描写)(2023·浙江1月卷)Moments later, she uttered a squeaking call, spread her wings and flew into the sky． 3．(人物描写)(2024·河北名校联考)Her hair was as gray as a thunderstorm cloud and the wrinkles on her skin matched the ones on my shirt． (2024·山西名校联考)It was a fantastic and cheery early summer day．The sun was shining brilliantly, with clouds dancing in the blue sky．The birds were singing merrily and the colorful flowers were in full bloom．There was a warm gentle breeze．Bright green leaves swung in the wind, occasionally falling to the ground, cast off from the trees they trusted． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ adj．积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 2．________ n．机会，时机 3．________ vt．获得，得到 4．________ n．态度，看法 5．________ n．指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费 6．________ vt．& vi．改进，改善 7．________ n．风格；方式；样式 8．________ n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt．主办；主持 9．________ adj．艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 1．In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35，000 job ________(opportunity) for workers outside arts industry． 2．China's image ________(improve) steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs． 3．It took him a long time ________(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer． 4．Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even ________(tough)． 5．(2022·全国甲卷改)Knowing some ________(tip) when dining out will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family－no matter where you are in the world． 6．Located primarily in Wyoming, Yellow Stone National Park ________(host) millions of visitors every year． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．advance n．进步，进展；前进，行进 vt．& vi．发展，进步→________ adj．先进的，高级的 2．amazing adj．令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→________ adj．惊讶的→________ vt．使惊讶→________ n．惊讶 3．confidence n．信心，信任；把握→________ adj．自信的 4．equal adj．相等的；平等的；相当的 n．同等的人(物) linking v．与……相等 vt．比得上→________ n．平等；相等→________ adv．同样地；相等地；公平地 5．detail n．细节；具体情况→________ adj．详细的 6．proposal n．提议，建议，动议→________ vt．提议 7．alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt．使惊恐，使害怕→________ adj．惊恐的→________ adj．使人惊恐的 8．contribute vt．捐献；贡献→________ n．贡献；捐款；捐赠 9．attract vt．吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→________ adj．吸引人的→________ n．有吸引力的事物 1．With the help of the ________ technology, we can complete the task in ________．(advance) 2．To my ________， he accurately described the man he had met years before．His ________ memory really made everyone present ________．(amaze) 3．Beauty treatments can add ________ to those women who are not ________ enough about their appearances．(confident) 4．The principle of ________ before the law requests that the law be implemented ________ on anyone who commits a crime．(equal) 5．He ________ changing the name of the company and his ________ was soon approved by the board of directors．(propose) 6．People are ________ at the fact that the rainforests are disappearing at an ________ rate．(alarm) 7．She once ________ a large sum of money to the local schools and made a great ________ to the cause of education．(contribute) 8．Most visitors are greatly impressed by this ________ ancient town, which has become a famous tourist ________．(attract) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________ 存在于，在于 2．___________ 能够处理 3．___________ 起作用，有影响 4．___________ 充分利用，尽情 享受 5．___________ 利用 6．___________ 最后但同样重 要的 7．___________ 由于 8．___________ 随着时间流逝，久而久之 1．He asked the manager to show them how the program would ___________ to their lives． 2．If you're too trusting, some dishonest people will ___________ you． 3．There's no effective way to get rid of plastic, but a new study suggests an answer may ___________ the stomachs of some hungry worms． 4．And ___________， people began to use the word “restaurant” to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself． 5．Some people lose heart when they come across failures while others ______________ the challenge． 6．Millions of people are threatened with starvation ______________ drought and poor harvests． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．can't wait to do sth I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like． 我的整个身体，从头到脚，都充满了疲惫，我迫不及待地想去睡觉。 My whole body, from head to foot, was filled with tiredness, and I ______________________________________________________________________．(续写之心情描写) 2．find＋宾语＋宾补 I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China． 谈到制作音乐，我发现这个年轻人非常博学和专业。 I ________________________________________ when it comes to making music．(续写之人物描写) 1．focus n．焦点，重点 vt．& vi．集中 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emotional intelligence, with its focus ________ both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction． ②(2021·天津卷)While rock­climbing, you need to remain very ________(focus) so that you won't make any dangerous errors． ③In recent years, how to deal with global warming has become ________ focus of the media and the public． 我的头发打结，鼻子被南瓜瓤盖住，成了那些网络视频观众关注的焦点。 With my hair knotted and my nose covered by pumpkin pulp, I ________________________________________________________________ who viewed videos posted online． ◎focus on/upon集中于；关注 ◎be focused on/upon集中精力于；专注于 ◎focus one's attention/energy on/upon ... 集中注意力/精力于…… ◎the focus of concern/attention关注/注意的焦点 ◎bring ... into sharp focus使……成为焦点 ◎those who are deeply focused on their smartphones那些专注于看手机的人 ◎keep focused for half an hour at a time每次保持半个小时的专注度 ◎focus on finding possible solutions to the problem专注于寻找该问题的可行的解决方案 2．base vt．以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures ________(base) on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth． ②A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________(base) on trust and existing relationships． ③________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason is what I think a leader must avoid． (普通表达)The movie was based on a real­life incident and it turned out to be a success． (高级表达)The movie, ________________ a real­life incident, turned out to be a success． ◎base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上 ◎be based on/upon以……为基础；依据…… ◎on the basis of根据；在……的基础上 ◎on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周 ◎base his conclusion on the evidence依据证据得出他的结论 ◎be based on her personal experiences根据她的个人经历 ◎on a permanent/consistent basis永久地/持续地 3．remind vt．提醒，使想起 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me ________ the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child． ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you ________ tiny we humans are． ③Passengers are usually reminded ________(fasten) their seat belts before the plane takes off． 我准备把这套戏服还给她时，有人告诉我要保留它，提醒我不要轻易放弃梦想。 When I was ready to give back the costume to her, I was told to _________________________________________________________． ◎remind sb of/about ... 使某人想起……；提醒某人…… ◎remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 ◎remind (sb) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)…… ◎reminder n．引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 ◎remind me of/about the appointment with the doctor提醒我和医生的预约 ◎remind her of her bitter childhood让她想起痛苦的童年 ◎remind the children not to waste food提醒孩子们不要浪费食物 4．aim n．目的，目标 vi．& vt．力争做到；目的是；针对 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment． ②Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event ________(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection． ③The industry has also taken aim _________ the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags． (普通表达)A paper­cutting exhibition will be held tomorrow to promote traditional Chinese culture． (高级表达)A paper­cutting exhibition will be held tomorrow, ________________________．(分词短语) ◎take aim at ... 瞄准…… ◎with the aim of以……为目标；意在…… ◎aim ... at ... 把……瞄准…… ◎aim/be aimed at ... 针对或瞄准…… ◎aim/be aimed to do意欲/旨在做 ◎aim/be aimed at doing意欲/旨在做 ◎aim his gun at the tiger把他的枪瞄准老虎 ◎a programme aimed at teenagers针对青少年的节目 ◎be aimed at preventing violent crime旨在防止暴力犯罪 5．exchange n．& vt．交换；交流；兑换 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)That way, you could exchange ________(thought) on what makes each of you special． ②She seemed to be in a bad mood, hardly ________(exchange) any words with me during the journey． ③I washed dishes in the junior high school lunchroom once in a while in exchange ________ a free lunch． 他看着救护车迅速离开，和秘书交换了一个担忧的眼神，走回了办公室。 He watched the ambulance leave quickly, and, ____________________________________， walked back to his office． ◎exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物 ◎exchange sth for sth用某物来换取或兑换某物 ◎in exchange for交换 ◎exchange greetings/a quick smile/a knowing look with her和她互致问候/匆匆相视一笑/心照不宣地交换了一下眼神 ◎exchange some of the milk for other food把一些牛奶换成其他食物 ◎carry out cultural exchanges between China and the West开展中西方之间的文化交流 6．look forward to盼望，期待 ①The sports meet will take place next Saturday and we're looking forward to ________(invite) to the opening ceremony． ②When the festival they've been looking forward to ________(come), people will dress up to celebrate it． ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We are looking forward ________ the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here． 对小猫的到来，我儿子感到非常高兴，并期待着成为它们生活的一部分，看着它们成长。 My son was extremely happy about the little cats arriving and __________________________________________________． ◎look back on追忆；回顾 ◎look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起 ◎look up to尊重；仰慕 ◎look out for留心；注意；留意 ◎look into考察；调查；研究 ◎look into one's eyes直视某人 ◎look back on an ambitious yet simpler time回顾一段雄心勃勃而又更简单的时光 ◎teach us to look up to great thinkers教导我们要尊敬伟大的思想家 ◎look out for pickpockets while shopping购物时小心扒手 7．[教材原句]Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough．简而言之，潜能是你与生俱来的能力，当你足够努力时，潜能就能得到开发。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷改)As Kristian Hammond put ________： “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about．” ②________(simple) put, language is what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts, ideas and feelings． ③________(put) it more simply, the tax cuts mean the average person will be about 3% better off． (普通表达)As he often says, a friend is to man what water is to fish． (高级表达)As he often ________， a friend is to man what water is to fish． 动词put有“说；表达”之意，常构成短语put it，在作状语时，一般用不定式短语to put it simply/briefly“简而言之”，to put it in a nutshell“简而言之”，to put it mildly“委婉地说；说得好听一点”；也可用动词­ed形式短语put simply/briefly/mildly或simply/briefly/mildly put。 As Benjamin Franklin put it, “A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body．”正如本杰明·富兰克林所说，“只有给心灵和躯体都提供温饱的房子，才能称之为家。” 8．[教材原句]In time you will find yourself growing into a well­rounded individual．最后，你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself ________(want) to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing． ②(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________(greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello． ③As a matter of fact, even the best writers sometimes find ________(they) lost for words． 斯通发现自己毫无征兆地飞过了房间，脸先撞到了对面的墙上。 Without warning, Stone ________________________， bumping face first against the opposite wall． find oneself doing sth/done意为“突然发现或惊奇地发现自己在做某事/自己被……”，表示吃惊或不相信等情感。 Those who had decided to remain neutral in the struggle now found themselves required to take sides．那些先前决定在争斗中保持中立的人现在突然被要求表明立场。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．This photo album serves as a _________(remind) of the most important moments of my life． 2．By ________(focus) on saving oil, water, paper, food and clothing, we're playing a part in cutting down on waste． 3．Most people choose food only ________(base) on taste, and that's fine because food is meant for enjoyment． 4．________(remind) not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry． 5．The president's state visit, aimed ________(expand) cooperation between the two countries, is scheduled for November． 6．He walked slowly through the welcoming crowd, stopping occasionally ________(exchange) greetings with some fans． 7．With the project completed, all the workers anxiously looked forward to ________(pay) what they should． 8．He was too trusting－or, ________(put) it another way, he had no head for business． 9．(2021·全国甲卷)When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________(wander) down to Southbank, spending hours there． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．Just as she puts ________， community is not so much a place as it is a state of mind． 2．These measures are aimed ________ narrowing the current gap between the rich and the poor． 3．At 8, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange ________ room and board． 4．The wedding day was the highest point in her life－a day ________ which she looked forward all her unmarried days． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Today is the start of a new term, the start of a three­year journey and the start of a ________(promise) future． 2．Most ________(important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential． 3．Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses ________(offer) to students who are interested in traditional art． 4．This course ________(be) very popular since it started two years ago． 5．At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, ________(attract) more students to Chinese calligraphy． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make ________ most of our school resources． 2．I enjoyed most of the classes, ________ some of them were quite challenging． 3．Although there was not so much homework ________ I was used to, it was still challenging． 4．In the beginning, however, ________ was still tough for me to remember everyone's name! Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China． ________ A．主持人　　　B．东道主　　　C．大量 2．(2022·全国甲卷)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me． ________ A．提议 B．求婚 C．计划 3．(2021·全国乙卷)To many people，saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded． ________ A．风格 B．把……设计成某种式样 C．方式 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The key finding ... was that ... the averages from ... were more accurate than those from ... 。句中的第一个that引导的是________从句，该从句中，when引导________从句，第二个that引导________从句，而主句使用了比较结构more ... than ... 。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low­impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：InSPIRE is investigating ... approaches to ... solar development, which focuses on ... 。句中的which引导________定语从句，修饰development，后面的that is kinder to the land是________定语从句，修饰way。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ High school life is not easy for each student because school can be 1．________(challenge)．Here are some tips on how to have a 2．________(meaning) but more enjoyable school life． Normally, your school provides varieties of amazing resources．Make efforts 3．________(seize) every opportunity to explore your potential by taking advantage of these resources．The more knowledge you acquire, the more 4．________(confidence) you will become． Try to be a responsible person．Focus on your lessons in class and try to find 5．________ efficient learning method that works for you．Take regular exercise after class, for health is 6．________(equal) significant to you．In your free time, participate in some games, 7．________ you can improve your character．Exchanging ideas with your classmates frequently will be of great benefit in building strong relationships．More importantly, learn to balance your studies and hobbies and maintain a positive attitude 8．________ school life．Once you've made a plan, stick to it whatever 9．________(happen)．Posting your aim on your desk is a good way to remind you to work harder and stay focused．If you do like this, you'll find 10．________(you) growing into a well­rounded individual over time． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①去年我作为交换生来到中国。 I came to China ________________________________________________________________ last year． ②令人惊讶的是，这儿早上八点上课。 ________________ school here starts at 8 o'clock in the morning． ③由于这我不得不早起。 ________________， I have to wake up early． ④我已经习惯了学校的作息时间。 I ________________ the school's daily schedule． ⑤我发现汉语很有挑战性，但幸运的是老师和同学们总是乐于帮助我。 I _________________________， but ________________， my teachers and classmates are always ready to help． ⑥说实话，最吸引我的是中国历史课，因为它充满了传奇。 To be honest, ________________ is Chinese history because it is full of legends． ⑦我希望毕业后能对我们两国的关系做出积极的贡献。 I hope I can ________________________ promoting the relationship between our two countries after graduation． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于动作描写的词汇 用于情感、环境描写的词汇 exchange, remind，focus positive，path, amazing, confidence，look forward to Step 2．尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 李明心情沉重地独自一人走在小路上，满脑子想的全是他糟糕的考试成绩，焦虑涌上心头。他一边走一边开始反思自己的不足，想知道到底是什么导致了这次的失败。同时，他提醒自己：“只要我努力学习，课后经常与同学们交流想法，我就有信心下次会取得惊喜的成绩。”渐渐地，李明又变得乐观起来，开始期待自己在下一次考试中的表现。 Li Ming ________________ with a heavy heart, ________________．Anxiety ________________________．He began to ________________________ while walking, wondering what it was that __________________．Meanwhile, ________________，“As long as I work hard and ___________________ __________ after class, I ___________ that I will ________________ next time．” Gradually, Li Ming ________________， and started ________________________ in the next exam． 15/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 参考答案与精析 第一部分　教材知识讲练 必修第一册　UNIT 1　Back to school 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．positive　2．opportunity　3．acquire　4．attitude　5．tip　6．improve　7．style　8．host　9．tough 语境运用 1．opportunities　2．is improving　3．to acquire　4．tougher　5．tips　6．hosts 派生单词 1．advanced　2．amazed；amaze；amazement　3．confident　4．equality；equally　5．detailed　6．propose　7．alarmed；alarming　8．contribution　9．attractive；attraction 语境运用 1．advanced；advance　2．amazement；amazing；amazed　3．confidence；confident　4．equality；equally　5．proposed；proposal　6．alarmed；alarming　7．contributed；contribution　8．attractive；attraction 高频短语 1．lie in　2．rise to　3．make a difference　4．make the most of　5．take advantage of　6．last but not least　7．as a result of　8．over time 语境运用 1．make a difference　2．take advantage of　3．lie in　4．over time　5．rise to　6．as a result of 写作佳句背诵 1．couldn't wait to go to bed　2．find the young man extremely knowledgeable and professional 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①on/upon　②focused　③the [完美写作]became the focus of attention of those 2．①based　②is based　③Basing [完美写作](which was) based on 3．①of/about　②how　③to fasten [完美写作]keep it as a reminder of not easily letting go of dreams 4．①to have　②aiming/aimed　③at [完美写作]aimed/aiming to promote/at promoting traditional Chinese culture 5．①thoughts　②exchanging　③for [完美写作]exchanging a worried glance with his secretary 6．①being invited　②comes　③to [完美写作]looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow 7．①it　②Simply　③To put [完美写作]puts it 8．①wanting　②greeted　③themselves [完美写作]found himself flying across the room 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．reminder　2．focusing　3．based　4．Reminded　5．to expand　6．to exchange　7．being paid　8．to put　9．wandering Ⅱ．1．it　2．at　3．for　4．to 层级二 Ⅰ．1．promising　2．importantly　3．offered　4．has been　5．attracting Ⅱ．1．the　2．but　3．as　4．it 层级三 Ⅰ．1．C　2．B　3．B Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：表语；时间状语；定语 尝试翻译：这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，来自这些小组的平均值比来自同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 2．化繁为简：非限制性；限制性 尝试翻译：InSPIRE项目正在研究“环保的”太阳能开发的实用方法，重点是以一种对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．challenging　2．meaningful　3．to seize　4．confident　5．an　6．equally　7．where　8．towards/toward/to　9．happens　10．yourself 维度二 Step 1． ①as an exchange student　②It is amazing that　③As a result of this　④have got used to　⑤find Chinese quite challenging；fortunately　⑥what attracts me most　⑦make positive contributions to Step 2． I came to China as an exchange student last year．It is amazing that school here starts at 8 o'clock in the morning．As a result of this, I have to wake up early．However, I have got used to the school's daily schedule．Of all subjects, I find Chinese quite challenging, but fortunately, my teachers and classmates are always ready to help．To be honest, what attracts me most is Chinese history because it is full of legends．I hope I can make positive contributions to promoting the relationship between our two countries after graduation． 维度三 Step 2． walked alone down the path；focusing on his bad exam results；came crowding into his mind；reflect on his weaknesses；had led to this failure；he reminded himself；exchange ideas frequently with my classmates；have confidence；achieve amazing success；became positive again；looking forward to his performance 1/88 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(一) 必修第一册　UNIT 1　Back to school Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·泉州市质监一)We all know your student loan will only go so far．So what can you do to save those pennies(便士)and eventually a pretty substantial amount in the long run？Here is some advice from Marianne Lampon． FOOD —Buy the supermarket's own-brand products．When it comes to items such as cheese，milk，and more，the own-brand products can be bought much cheaper but without lowering the quality． —Coupons(优惠券)，coupons，coupons．It's really worth hitting the Internet for some extra coupons, especially for meals out with a big group．Keep an eye on restaurants that offer a cheaper set menu or that do-2 for-1 deals on main courses． STUDENT-ONLY OFFERS —Freshers' Fair．Say hello to free pens，bottle-openers and a bunch of things you never knew you needed．Freshers get involved! —Student discount in stores and online：Showing your university ID card will save you at least 10% with a lot of online or offline business．As a result, you'll feel slightly less guilty about buying those new pairs of shoes． FASHION The shift from summer to autumn can be a sad time, but it needn't hurt your wallet! —Accessories(配饰)．Basically，wear your summer clothes with warm and comfortable accessories．How about those shorts？Just team them with a pair of tights and you're good to go． —Charity shops．Going there is the perfect way to stay on-trend and buy things at super affordable prices． So there it is！Sticking to some of these ideas will really help save some money in the long run，proving a little does go a long way． 1．What can you do to save money when eating out with classmates? A．Order own-brand products． B．Use online coupons． C．Search for the set menu． D．Choose student-only restaurants． 2．Where can you get free pens? A．In the supermarket． B．In Freshers' Fair． C．In online stores． D．In charity shops． 3．What is probably the major concern of the targeted readers? A．Taste．　 B．Security． C．Fashion． D．Price． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·苏北四市统考)One day, Hilary Krieger was sitting in her parents' home when her friend accidentally squirted (向……喷射) himself with an orange slice．“Oh, the orange just orbisculated，” she said．“It did what？”asked her friend．“I've never heard such a word．” The two made a five-dollar bet，and Hilary gleefully grabbed the family dictionary．She quickly turned to the “O” section and didn't find it．Then she burst into her dad's study and told him the shocking news：“Orbisculate” was not in the dictionary! Looking embarrassed，her father confessed that he had made up the word when in college．He defined “orbisculate” as the action that happens “when you dig your spoon into a grapefruit, and it squirts juice directly into your eye”，though the family also applied it to other fruit and vegetables that unexpectedly sprayed．“We have been using it in our whole lives, as if it were a real word，” Hilary says． Out five dollars and wondering what other fake words might exist in her vocabulary，Hilary was mad．But she quickly came to see her dad's made-up word as a gift，one that revealed his naughty and inventive spirit．“It speaks to his creativity and the idea that even when something's painful and annoying，like getting grapefruit juice in your eye，you can laugh and have fun with it，” she says． Two decades later，Hilary told that funny story again and again，in sad circumstances．Her father，Neil Krieger, died at age 78．“‘Orbisculate’ is such a great word that I dream it should be in the dictionary！”says Hilary．To get the word officially recognized, Hilary set up a website, orbisculate．com，encouraging people to use “orbisculate”in a wide variety of contexts． Getting a word into the dictionary isn't easy, but words describing concrete phenomena that affect many people tend to get picked up．“That's one of the situations ‘orbisculate’ is going through—there is no single word that captures the squirting in the eye that certain fruit does，”senior editor of the Merriam-Webster，Emily Brewster says．“The word's status as an established member of the English language would be pretty undeniable．” 4．What shocked Hilary Krieger one day? A．Her friend's squirting juice into his eyes． B．Losing five dollars in the bet． C．Failing to find “orbisculate” in the dictionary． D．Her father's making up the word． 5．What made Hilary see her dad's made-up word as a gift? A．The application of the word to other fruit． B．Her father's naughty and inventive spirit． C．The fun she got from the word “orbisculate”． D．Her dream about the word again and again． 6．What is Brewster's attitude towards Hilary's dream? A．Cautious．　 B．Doubtful． C．Positive． D．Unclear． 7．Why did Hilary want to get “orbisculate” in the dictionary? A．To recall her childhood life． B．To memorialize her father． C．To get herself officially recognized． D．To encourage people to make up new words． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·昆明市质检)One Alabama school was extremely creative in encouraging students to read more and to help improve the school district's literacy．They added an Inchy's Bookworm Vending Machine, an actual vending machine that allows students to add a special coin and get a brand new book． Sixth-grade reading teacher Kristy White said students have been inspired to earn coins so they can get a new book．Every classroom has coins, and students can earn them by improving their reading or math skills or exhibiting good behavior． Kristy said it only takes one coin to use the machine．Nice! What's even nicer is there are books for all grade levels, and students even make suggestions for titles they'd like to see available．Funding for the vending machine came from community support through donations and grants． Lucy Williamson was the first student to use the machine．The sixth-grader said she can see the growing excitement of her fellows, and she looks forward to getting even more books．“This has some different books that the library doesn't have, and I'm able to keep the book longer because it's mine, so I have more time to read it，” Lucy said．She also shared that she rereads books often, so being able to choose a book that she can take home is a real plus． Beyond reading, the vending machine has also encouraged students to behave better．And when a student gets a coin, everyone celebrates the win．“The students are thrilled when they are the students who get the coin that week．They come down here and other students cheer for them，” Kristy said． We're cheering for them too! This is such a unique way to motivate students．Reading is so fundamental that it really serves as the foundation for all other learning．This vending machine is just one way to help students succeed． 8．What does the underlined word “literacy” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Communication skills． B．Academic performance． C．Professional knowledge． D．Reading and writing ability． 9．What can we know about the vending machine? A．It charges students for the special coins． B．It encourages students' positive growth． C．It turns a blind eye to students' proposals． D．It aims to raise money for the local community． 10．Why did Lucy commit herself to using the vending machine? A．To enrich her extra-curricular life． B．To escape from the school library． C．To enjoy selecting and rereading books． D．To gain respect and praise from her fellows． 11．Which is the suitable title for the text? A．Kristy White: A Creative Reading Teacher B．Lucy Williamson: A Model Pupil at School C．A Unique Way to Inspire Students to Read D．The Importance of Offering Reading Courses Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·日照市高三校际联考)Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer who got into porcelain (瓷) flower making as a personal challenge．Seven years ago, she decided to 1 a project that involved using her 2 ， and a decorative flower bouquet (花束) caught her eye．Soon, she started paying attention to cold porcelain．But she refused to 3 classes and decided to learn the 4 by herself． While 5 with porcelain, Olesya realized that in order to 6 almost perfect flower reproductions, every little part of the 7 she was copying needed to be perfect．So she 8 taking every flower apart and making moulds (模具) of every element． After making the moulds, the 9 artist created the frame of the bouquet from wire covered in tape．Everything was then 10 coated in porcelain．The porcelain masterpieces needed about a day to 11 ． Provided that the artist 12 from early morning until late at night, she can create one rose in a 13 ．Olesya Galushcenko's creations are not exactly 14 ， but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works． Each porcelain flower that comes out of Olesya Galushcenko's hands is one of a kind, and, if properly cared for, can 15 forever．She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture, and carefully wiping them with a damp cloth． 1．A．put aside　 B．put off C．take on D．take down 2．A．eyes B．hands C．strength D．courage 3．A．set up B．give up C．account for D．pay for 4．A．skill B．service C．origin D．shape 5．A．matching B．playing C．experimenting D．battling 6．A．observe B．achieve C．restore D．maintain 7．A．flowers B．moulds C．tools D．leaves 8．A．admitted B．avoided C．delayed D．started 9．A．proud B．optimistic C．talented D．anxious 10．A．roughly B．carefully C．temporarily D．hurriedly 11．A．dry B．copy C．display D．sell 12．A．draws B．comes C．carves D．works 13．A．week B．month C．day D．year 14．A．cheap B．priceless C．disappointing D．exciting 15．A．shine B．grow C．fruit D．last 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) 党的二十大(the 20th CPC National Congress)报告指出，要建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型大国。请你根据这一会议精神，写一篇演讲稿，题目为“Be a Lifelong Learner”，内容包括： 1．终身学习的重要性； 2．如何终身学习。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Be a Lifelong Learner ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 7/7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业参考答案与精析 课时分层作业(一) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学生省钱的方法。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据FOOD部分第二段中的“It's really worth... with a big group... do 2-for-1 deals on main courses．”可知，上网找一些额外的优惠券很值得，尤其是和一大群人一起出去吃饭的时候，故选项B正确。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据STUDENT-ONLY OFFERS部分第一段中的“Freshers' Fair：Say hello to free pens”可知，学生们可以通过新生会得到免费的钢笔，故选项B正确。] 3．D　[推理判断题。文章第一段尤其是“So what can you do to save those... in the long run？”揭示了文章的主题，下文的三个方面的做法都是围绕如何省钱展开的。故选项D正确，即目标读者主要关注的可能是商品的价格。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章以Hilary的朋友无意间向自己身上喷射了橙子汁为引子，介绍了父亲自创的orbisculate一词，并讲述了Hilary希望该词被收录到词典中的梦想。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She quickly turned to... in the dictionary！”可知，让Hilary Krieger感到震惊的是词典中没有orbisculate这个单词，故选C。] 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But she quickly came to see her dad's made-up word as a gift，one that revealed his naughty and inventive spirit．”可知，她父亲的淘气和创新精神使得Hilary把父亲自创的这个词看作是一份礼物，故选B。] 6．C　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The word's status as an established member of the English language would be pretty undeniable．”可知，这个单词作为英语语言既定成员的地位是不可否认的，由此可推知，Brewster对Hilary的梦想持积极的态度，故选C。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Two decades later，Hilary told that funny story again and again，in sad circumstances．Her father，Neil Krieger, died at age 78．”可知，Hilary在悲伤的环境中反复地讲述这个有趣的故事，由此可推知，Hilary想要将“orbisculate”收录到词典中是为了纪念父亲，故B项“为了纪念她的父亲”正确。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。学校为了鼓励学生多读书，想出了一种激励学生阅读的独特方法——自动售货机，该方法起到了很好的效果。 8．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“and”可知，画线词所在的不定式短语与“to read more”是并列关系，“to read more”指的是多阅读，画线词所在的不定式短语所表达的意思应与“多阅读”一致，D项“读写能力”与画线词的意思一致。故D项正确。] 9．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容、第四段中的“The sixth-grader said... even more books．”、第五段中的“Beyond reading... to behave better．”和最后一段中的“This vending machine is just one way to help students succeed．”可知，自动售货机鼓励学生积极成长。故B项正确。] 10．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This has some different books that the library doesn't have, and I'm able to keep the book longer because it's mine, so I have more time to read it”和“She also shared that she rereads books often, so being able to choose a book that she can take home is a real plus．”可知，Lucy 之所以要用自动售货机，是因为喜欢挑选和重读图书。故C项正确。] 11．C　[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，学校为了鼓励学生多阅读和帮助提高学生的读写能力，便在学校增添 Inchy's书虫自动售货机；再根据下文老师和学生对这种自动售货机的反馈可知，自动售货机发挥了良好的效果。因此C项“激励学生阅读的独特方法”最适合作为本文标题。故C项正确。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Olesya是一名工程师，她参加了一个手工艺品制作项目，不仅自学制作瓷花，其成品甚至还一件难求。 1．C　[根据上文的“Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer”可知，Olesya是一位工程师。由此可知，此处表示她决定做一个项目，故选C。] 2．B　[根据上文的“who got into porcelain flower making as a personal challenge”可知，Olesya参与的是手工艺品制作项目，故选B。] 3．D　[根据下文的“decided to learn the by herself”可推测，Olesya想自学技艺，因此不参加付费课程。] 4．A　[参见上题解析。] 5．C　[根据语境可知，此处表示“当她用瓷做试验时”，故选C。] 6．B　[在制作的过程中，她想获得几乎完美的作品，故选B。] 7．A　[根据上文的“Olesya realized that in order to almost perfect flower reproductions”可知，为了得到几乎完美的花卉复制品，她临摹的花(flowers)的每一个小部分都需是完美的，故选A。] 8．D　[根据语境可知，花的每一个小部分都要完美，于是她开始(started)把每朵花拆开，针对每一个元素都做出模具。故选D。] 9．C　[根据上文的“decided to learn the by herself” “So she ... of every element．”可知，她是自学的，并且针对每个元素都做了模具，因此她是有天赋的，故选C。] 10．B　[根据常识可知，往每样东西上涂瓷这个动作应该是小心翼翼地进行的，故选B。] 11．A　[根据常识可知，此处是指制作完成后，瓷器作品需要约一天的时间去变干，故选A。] 12．D　[这位艺术家创作玫瑰，应该是从早工作到晚，故选D。] 13．C　[根据上文描述的制作过程烦琐可知，一天也就制造一件玫瑰工艺品，故选C。] 14．A　[根据下文的“but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works”可知，虽然Olesya的作品不便宜，但是仍然有很多人排队购买，故选A。] 15．D　[根据语境和常识可推断，瓷花如果养护得当，可永久保存，故选D。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Be a Lifelong Learner The report to the 20th CPC National Congress has pointed out we are living in a remarkable time which is calling us to break new ground and display full talents．How to achieve our greatest potential? Here is the answer：be a lifelong learner． Lifelong learning is the best education．For one thing，our times are changing in ways like never before．To better cope with them，we are supposed to embrace new technology and learn new knowledge．For another，learning is a good way to remain vigorous and stay young．Above all，it helps us adapt to changes．There are various ways to achieve lifelong learning．Post-school training，online courses and interest groups are all available in our time． 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二) 必修第一册　UNIT 1　Back to school Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·四省高考适应性测试)We all know that unpleasant feeling when we're talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we're interrupted．But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University． Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段)，Hilton surveyed 5，000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions．She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt． Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles．She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers．High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement．Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people to speak one after another in conversation． “The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic，” Hilton said．The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns．In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时的)chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying． “People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication，” Hilton said．“Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other．” 1．What does Hilton's research focus on? A．What interruptions mean to people． B．Whether interruptions are good or not． C．How to avoid getting interrupted． D．Why speakers interrupt each other． 2．What do participants of the study need to do? A．Record an audio clip． B．Answer some questions． C．Listen to one another． D．Have a chat with a friend． 3．What do low intensity speakers think of the simultaneous chat? A．It's important． B．It's interesting． C．It's inefficient． D．It's impolite． 4．What can we learn from Hilton's research? A．Human interaction is complex． B．Communication is the basis of life． C．Interruptions promote thinking． D．Language barriers will always exist． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·苏北四市统考)Each place on this planet has its own unique traits，culture and customs．In addition, different locales have their own languages and dialects． 1 As people travel more frequently, they exchange goods and ideas．Thus，the blend of cultures has become easier and more commonplace．In the age of globalization, one may argue that language acts as a barrier to communication．Individual dialects may divide people even further． 2 Dialects are important for international business．Read on to learn how． Dialects Retain Identity Many cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing． 3 Many times，exact translations are impossible．For example，one language may have a specific word for something，while another does not．If each language were standardized with the same set of words and pronunciations, cultures would lose their identities． Dialects Help Spread Creativity New words spread freely throughout different cultures thanks to world travel and the Internet．In our modern society，each person can travel to experience new things．By learning new languages and dialects，a person expands his or her mind．Opening one's mind promotes creativity． 4 Therefore，as we interact internationally，these exchanges lead to innovations． Dialects Increase Independence 5 Even though a small group is part of a larger whole，their unique form of expression sets them apart．Their uniqueness provides them with a sense of independence．Oftentimes，people from a specific area take pride in their dialect．Differences enhance cultural diversity and increase independence．Without diversity，our world would not progress in business or technology． Our world needs dialects and individual expression to keep cultures alive for future generations．Preserving dialects is good for creativity, innovation, and business． A．The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas． B．Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity． C．A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group． D．When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects． E．Therefore, a standardized language is crucial in the communication． F．However, dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region． G．Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place． Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·武汉市武昌区质检)A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site today，the ancient town of Pingyao in Shanxi Province formed China's economic backbone during the Qing Dynasty．The town was home 1．________ the country's first piaohao(money exchange house)that financed the empire during a period when all bookkeeping was on paper，and the only way 2．________(deal)with numbers involved the abacus(算盘)． In the 19th century，merchants from Shanxi were making their 3．________ (present) felt in many other nations．They had to rely on security guards for transferring their wealth—gold and silver．The method was hardly safe and thus 4．________(lead) to the emergence of piaohao． The Rishengchang Bank，which 5．________(literal)means “sunrise prosperity”，was established in 1823 and it became the prototype(原型)of China's early financial system．At its peak, the Rishengchang Bank had more than 35 branches across the country，with business 6．________(reach)as far as Europe and the US．7．________ more than a century later，in 1932，the exchange house halted(停止)its operations，the antiques displayed in the museum today continue to fascinate people． In 2006, the Rishengchang museum was named 8．________ “major national cultural relic” under protection by the State Council．Since then，it 9．________ (make)its way across the country and abroad．The museum now preserves original account books, letters, bills of exchange and seals，10．________ existence reflects the spirit and wisdom of the Shanxi merchants． 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a vet in Yorkshire．One day I received a call from Mrs．Tompkin asking me to cut the beak(喙) of her budgie's(虎皮鹦鹉的)．I armed myself with a pair of clippers and stepped onto the narrow strip of pavement which separated the door from the road．A pleasant-looking red-haired woman answered my knock． “I'm Mrs．Dodds from next door，” she said．“I keep an eye on the old lady．She's over eighty and lives alone．” She led me into the cramped little room．“Here's Mr．Herriot coming to see Peter for you，” she said to the old woman who sat in a corner．Mrs．Tompkin nodded and smiled，“Oh, that's good．Poor little fella can hardly eat with its long beak and I'm worried about him．He's my only companion, you know．” “Yes, I understand, Mrs．Tompkin，” I looked at the cage by the window with the green budgie perched(栖息) inside．“These little birds can be wonderful company when they start chattering．” She laughed，“Yes，but it's a funny thing．Peter never has said that much．I think he's lazy! But I just like having him with me．” “Of course you do，” I said，“but he certainly needs attention now．” The beak was greatly overgrown，curving away down till it touched the feathers of the breast．I would be able to revolutionize his life with one quick snip from my clippers．The way I was feeling this job was right up my street． I opened the cage door and slowly inserted my hand． “Come on, Peter，” I wheedled(哄骗)．As I lifted him out, I felt in my pocket with the other hand for the clippers．Then I stopped． The tiny head was no longer poking cheekily from my fingers but had fallen loosely to one side．The eyes were closed．He was dead． Mrs．Dodds and I looked at each other in horror．When I turned my head towards Mrs．Tompkin．I was surprised to see that she was still nodding and smiling． I drew her neighbor to one side．“Mrs．Dodds，how much does she see？” “Oh，she's very short-sighted but she's right vain despite her age．Never would she wear glasses．She's hard of hearing, too．” “Well，look，” I said．My heart was still pounding．“I just don't know what to do．If I tell her about this, the shock will be terrible．Anything could happen．” Mrs．Dodds nodded, stricken-faced，“Yes, you're right．She's that attached to the little thing．” 注意：1．续写词数应为 150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 I decided to do something for her instead of telling her the truth．_____ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ It was a long time before I went to see how Mrs．Tompkin got along with the bird I bought for her．______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(二) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。为了更好地了解是什么影响了人们对被打断的看法，研究人员进行了实验，最后得出结论：谈话被打断是否是一种干扰取决于提问的对象。 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Using a set of... perceptions of interruptions．”和第四段中的“The high intensity group... the speakers were saying．”可知，为了更好地了解是什么影响人们对被打断的看法，Hilton调查了5 000名说美式英语的人，由此可推知Hilton的研究焦点在于被打断对人们来讲意味着什么。同时，高强度组和低强度组对被打断的看法也说明了这一点。故A项正确。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions... trying to interrupt．”可知，她让参与者听录音片段，然后回答一些问题，故B项正确。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Low intensity speakers find it rude... another in conversation．”可知，低强度说话者觉得同时说话很粗鲁，更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话，故D项正确。] 4．A　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，人们很在意被打断，而那些小小的被打断会对整个交流产生巨大的影响，如果想要了解人们如何与其他人交流，分解被打断的含义是必不可少的。由此可见，人类的交流是复杂的。故A项正确。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。不同的地区有自己的语言和方言。语言和方言保留着一个地方独特的文化元素。方言保持特性，促进创造性，还能增加独立性。 1．G　[根据空前的“Each place on this planet... their own languages and dialects．”可知，每个地方都有自己独特的文化和习俗，而且不同的地区都有自己的语言和方言。G项“语言和方言保留着一个特定地区独特的文化成分”符合语境，故选G。] 2．F　[根据空前的“Individual dialects may divide people even further．”可知，不同的方言可能会使人们之间的差异更大；再结合空后的“Dialects are important for international business．”可知，方言对国际贸易很重要。由此可推知，空处的内容应该与方言有关，且表示转折关系，故F项符合语境。故选F。] 3．B　[根据空前的“Many cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing．”可知，许多文化对同一事物使用不同的词语或发音。B项“独特的发音有助于给一种文化以特性”承接上文，符合语境。故选B。] 4．A　[根据空后的“Therefore, as we interact internationally，these exchanges lead to innovations．”可知，当我们在国际上互动时，这些交流促进了创新。由此可推知，空处的内容应与交流相关，A项“思想的自由交流产生新想法”符合语境。故选A。] 5．C　[根据该部分的小标题和空后的“Even though a small group ... sets them apart．”可知，尽管一个小群体是一个大整体的一部分，但他们独特的表达形式使他们与众不同。由此可推知，空处内容应与方言的独特性相关，C项“按照定义，方言是针对一个地区或者群体来讲的”符合语境。故选C。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。山西平遥古城已经被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗址，其中的日升昌银行曾经是中国第一家票号，是中国早期金融体系的原型。文章重点介绍了日升昌银行的历史。 1．to　[考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be home to，意为“是……的所在地”。] 2．to deal　[考查非谓语动词。the only way to do“做……的唯一方式”，是固定用法。] 3．presence　[考查名词。物主代词后接名词。根据their可知，空处用名词形式。] 4．led　[考查时态和语态。根据该段首句的时间状语“In the 19th century”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；又因主语The method与lead之间是主动关系。故填led。] 5．literally　[考查副词。空处修饰动词means，故用副词形式。] 6．reaching　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with复合结构，reach与其逻辑主语business之间为主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式。] 7．Though/Although/While　[考查连词。结合句意可知，此处是指尽管一个多世纪后的1932年，交易所停止了运作，但今天博物馆里展出的古董仍然吸引着人们。空处引导让步状语从句，故填Though/Although/While。注意首字母大写。] 8．a　[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少冠词；结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且major以辅音音素开头。故填a。] 9．has made　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语it为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数。故填has made。] 10．whose　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，故填whose。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 I decided to do something for her instead of telling her the truth．Suddenly it occurred to me that I could buy her a new bird in the nearby store．Mrs．Dodds also thought it is a good idea and even suggested one in the town．I cleared my throat，telling Mrs．Tompkin that I was going to take Peter along to the surgery to do the job．I left her still nodding and smiling and，cage in hand，fled into the street．I soon found the shop and luckily there was a green budgie in the shop．With the bird in the cage, I sped back and hung it in its place by the window．“I think you'll find everything is well now，” I told Mrs．Tompkin． It was a long time before I went to see how Mrs．Tompkin got along with the bird I bought for her．“How is the bird？” I asked．The old lady led me in and then laughed．“Oh，you mean Peter．He is grand．” In the little room，the cage still hung by the window and Peter, the second, hopped around the bars of the cage，running up and down his ladder．Mrs．Tompkin looked lovingly at him．“You wouldn't believe it，” she said．“He's like a different bird，chattering to me all day long．It's wonderful what cutting a beak can do．” Hearing this，I feel relieved—my efforts did bring her happiness． 3/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$