Unit 1 Reading and Thinking 课件+分层练习-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）根据句意，用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The local government is ________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. 2．________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. 3．Today, we are just as closely linked ________ each other by the bonds of friendship as we were 20 years ago. 4．They felt ________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress. 5．Those who lack resistance are more likely to ________ (infect) with the virus. 6．________ (initial), the system worked well, but then we met some challenges. 7．The priceless treasures ________ (cast) into the Nile during the war. 8．As a sports fan, I ________ (subscribe) to several sports channels on TV last  year. 9．Joe listened, ________ (shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another. 10．The leak was eventually ________ (trace) to a broken seal. 【答案】 1．to blame　2.Consequently　3.to　4.frustrated　5.be infected　6.Initially　7.were cast　8.subscribed　9.shifting 10．traced 二、（2024·高一课时练习）根据句意，用适当的单词或所给单词的适当形式填空。 1._____ Henry failed the exam again made all of us surprised. 2.War broke ____ one evening and Kate came into the room breathlessly. 3.The man came down _____a disease which caused him to lose the sense of smell. 4.All members must get over their natural desire _____ (avoid) the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 5.While we can’t change the body type we are born with，we can’t blame our genes _____ making us fat. 6.The president says he has a passion for China，_____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7._____ this reason，tourist organizations need to have second thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell. 8.But that is not ____Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 【答案】 1.That   2out  3 with  4  to avoid  5 for  6 which 7 For  8 what  三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子。 1．我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。We haven't decided ________________ for our summer holiday. 2．他似乎对他的老师说了谎。________________ he told a lie to his teacher. 3．放学后我要去修自行车。(have)I'll ____________________ after school. 4．通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。Usually, it's ________ crowded on the bus ________ I can't find anywhere to sit. 5．Stephen Hawking ________________ (同意) the big bang theory from the beginning. 6．The hot weather is partly ________________ (对……负有责任) the water shortage. 7．For some people, the ability to achieve something ________________ (与……紧密相关) their attitudes. 8．People who ________________ (接受挑战) were those who were determined and perseverant. 9．Tea houses in Hangzhou ________________ (追溯到) the Southern Song Dynasty (1127～1279). 10．Small color choices are the ones we ________________ (非常熟悉的). 【答案】 1．where to go　 2.It seemed that 3.have my bike repaired 4.so; that　 5.subscribed to 6.to blame for 7.is closely linked to 8.took on the challenge 9.trace back to 10.are most familiar with 知识应用 四、（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县三校联考2023-2024学年高二下学期4月月考）阅读理解 Four best day trips from Amsterdam: the ultimate travel guide Zaanse Schans: a picture- perfect town of windmills A trip to the Netherlands would be incomplete without seeing windmills— and there’s no better way to see them than in the historical town of Zaanse Schans. This quaint village gives visitors an accurate impression of Dutch living in the 17th and 18th centuries. From cheese and dairy factories to traditional windmills and historical museums, you’ ll live, breathe, and experience the old Zaan style of living. Classic! Travel time by car: 21 minutes Transport fees: €4 for adults, €1.5 for children Marken: a former island in the Zuiderzee Residents of the town built wooden houses on artificial hills to prevent more flooding damage. To this day, these picturesque homes remain a popular cultural attraction. On your walk, you can visit the cosy town harbour or enjoy the scenic route of fields, forests, and the lakeshore. Travel time by car: 27 minutes Transport fees: €4.5 for adults, €1.5 for children Dordrecht: a historic trading port Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland（we mean the old province of Holland and not the so- called“ country”!）. There are plenty of cultural spots, including seven churches and several historical monuments- turned- museums. Travel time by car: 1 hour and 5 minutes Transport fees: €9.5 for adults, €2 for children （2-6 years old） Schiedam: home to the world’s tallest windmill While there are windmills all around the Netherlands, Schiedam has the tallest traditional windmills of all, standing at 26.6 metres. Schiedam is also known for being the Netherlands’ gin（杜松子酒 ） capital, with the city producing the most jenever （also known as Dutch gin） in the country. There are multiple bars museums where you can check out the production process. Travel time by car: 55 minutes Transport fees: €9 for adults, €3 for children 21．How much should a couple pay for transport fee at least? A．€3. B．€8. C．€9. D．e9.5. 22．Which trip leads to the oldest city in Holland? A．Zaanse Schans. B．Marken. C．Dordrecht. D．Schiedam, 23．What do Zaanse Schans and Schiedam have in common? A．They’re both islands. B．They both produce Dutch gin. C．They’re famous for wooden houses. D．They’re both featured in windmills. A篇：本文是应用文，主要介绍了从阿姆斯特丹出发的四个最佳一日游地点。 21．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据四个地点的价格介绍可知，一对夫妇在Zaanse Schans旅行花费最少，只需花费8欧元。 22．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三个地点介绍的第一句可知，原荷兰省最古老的城市是Dordrecht。 23．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个地点和第四个地点介绍的内容可知，这两个地点都是以风车为特色。 五、（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）完形填空 Speaking Up I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded (智障的) boy a few tables away. It didn’t even cross my mind that he might feel ___41___ when people whispered about him. So I just let them talk. Then came the day when I learned my younger brother Tom’s testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性). I had never thought about him like that. I broke ___42___, crying. Everything had just changed. He was no longer a(n) ___43___ little boy. Over time, I was able to accept his illness a little more. We had to ___44___ because Tom needed treatment. So Tom and I both started at a new school. One day, I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus (for the retarded) came and ___45___ some kids up. The children in the other line started making ___46___ about the “retarded” on that bus and I felt a strange feeling in my heart. I said quietly that those comments weren’t very nice, but no one listened. My family moved again. In the new school I got a ___47___ to speak up pretty soon. That day, in a band class, my teacher ___48___ our playing to make some comments, “… Guys, we’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on!” The entire room was laughing loudly. I felt very bad. Then, I raised my hand. I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard. The whole class ___49___ down. My mouth opened and this came out: “I don’t think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my ____50____ getting louder. “So I would ____51____ it if you didn’t make fun of them.” The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me. My teacher ____52____ for the words and then started the song again. At the end of the class, everyone was giving me strange looks. But I didn’t ____53____, because I knew three things: I had spoken the ____54____. I had taught everyone something, and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower, I had decided to take a different path since I wanted to become a ____55____ and a role model. 41. A. amazed B. hurt C. uncertain D. cold 42. A. off B. in C. down D. away 43. A. normal B. noisy C. outstanding D. impressive 44. A. change B. move C. quit D. study 45. A. set B. took C. brought D. picked 46. A. jokes B. complaints C. choices D. discoveries 47. A. chance B. position C. topic D. point 48. A. encouraged B. bothered C. enjoyed D. stopped 49. A. sat B. slowed C. quieted D. looked 50. A. pace B. voice C. pulse D. breath 51. A. excuse B. appreciate C. stand D. permit 52. A. apologized B. fought C. allowed D. argued 53. A. understand B. notice C. return D. care 54. A. wisdom B. importance C. matter D. truth 55. A. reporter B. thinker C. leader D. trainer 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. D 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当作者的弟弟被诊断出自闭症后，作者才意识不应该取笑那些有智障的人，并身体力行的纠正老师和其他学生的问题，并且更加坚定自己的信念。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人们耳语时我并没有注意到他可能会感到受伤。A. amazed吃惊的；B. hurt受伤的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. cold冷的。根据上文“I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded (智障的) boy a few tables away.”及下文“when people whispered about him. So I just let them talk.”可知，人们议论一个智障的孩子，我并没有注意到他可能会受到伤害，所以我就让他们继续说。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我崩溃了，哭了。A. (break) off突然停止；B. (break) in闯入；C. (break) down崩溃；D. (break) away脱离。根据上文“Then came the day when I learned my younger brother Tom’s testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性)”和下文“crying”可知，我情绪崩溃了。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不再是一个正常的小男孩了。A. normal正常的；B. noisy吵闹的；C. outstanding杰出的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据上文“Then came the day when I learned my younger brother Tom’s testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性).”可知，我的弟弟得了自闭症，他不再是一个正常的小男孩了。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不搬家，因为汤姆需要治疗。A. change改变；B. move搬家；C. quit放弃；D. study学习。根据下文“So Tom and I both started at a new school.”及“My family moved again.”可知，为了给汤姆治疗，我们搬家了。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，我站在公共汽车排队时，一辆“短”公共汽车(为智障人士准备的)来接一些孩子。A. set (up)设置；B. took (up)占据；C. brought (up)提出；D. picked (up)接人。根据上文“One day, I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus (for the retarded) came”可知，此处是指有些（智障）孩子等着公交车来接。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一排的孩子们开始拿那辆公共汽车上的“智障”开玩笑，我心里有一种奇怪的感觉。A. jokes玩笑；B. complaints抱怨；C. choices选择；D. discoveries发现。根据下文“I said quietly that those comments weren’t very nice, but no one listened.”可知，另一排的孩子们对这些“智障”的孩子们开玩笑，很不友好。固定搭配make jokes“开玩笑”。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在新学校，我很快就有了发言的机会。A. chance机会；B. position位置；C. topic主题；D. point要点。根据下文“to speak up pretty soon”可知，此处指有了发言的机会。固定搭配get a chance to do sth.“有机会做某事”。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，在乐队课上，我的老师停止了我们的演奏，对我们说：“……伙计们，我们演奏得就像巴士上的孩子一样！来吧！”A. encouraged鼓励；B. bothered打扰；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. stopped停止。根据下文“to make some comments, “… Guys, we’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on!””可知，此处指师停止了我们的演奏，对我们讲话。固定搭配stop doing sth.“停止/终止做某事”。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班都安静下来了。A. sat坐；B. slowed放慢速度；C. quieted安静；D. looked看。根据上文“Then, I raised my hand. I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard.”可知，我举起手，要求发言，所以全班都安静下来。固定搭配quiet down“安静下来”。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到我的声音越来越大。A. pace步伐；B. voice声音；C. pulse脉搏；D. breath呼吸。根据上文“I felt very bad. Then, I raised my hand. I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard.”可知，当时我很激动，所以声音越来越大。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果你不取笑他们，我会很感激的。A. excuse原谅；B. appreciate感激；C. stand站；D. permit允许。根据上文“I don’t think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do”可知，我认为大家不应该取笑他们，所以说“如果你不取笑他们，我会很感激的”。固定句型I would appreciate it if you...“如果你……我将不胜感激”。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的老师为这些话道歉，然后又开始唱歌。A. apologized道歉；B. fought战斗；C. allowed允许；D. argued争论。根据上文“… Guys, we’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on!”及常识可知，当时老师说了一些不恰当的话，因此为这些话道歉。固定搭配apologize for sth“因为某事而道歉”。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我不在乎，因为我知道三件事:我所说的真相。A. understand理解；B. notice注意；C. return返回；D. care关心。根据上文“At the end of the class, everyone was giving me strange looks. But I didn’t”可知，此处指每个人都用奇怪的眼神看着我，但是我不在乎。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我不在乎，因为我知道三件事：我所说的真相。A. wisdom明智；B. importance重要性；C. matter事情；D. truth真相。根据上文“I don’t think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.”可知，此处指我所说都是真相。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我教会了每个人一些东西，当教室里的每个人都是追随者的时候，我决定走一条不同的路，因为我想成为一个领导者和榜样。A. reporter记者；B. thinker思想家；C. leader领导者；D. trainer教练。根据上文“while everyone in the classroom was being a follower”及下文“a role model”可知，教室里的每个人都成了我的追随者，我要成为他们的领导者和榜样。故选C。 六、（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）任务型阅读 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。 If you enjoy walking for exercise, there’s a simple way to meet your demand—change your walk into a ruck, and it’s an increasingly popular form of exercise. Rucking is walking with weight on your back. The term “rucking” comes from ruck marching, a core skill used by the military around the world. One of the tests the army normally gives to soldiers is a 12-mile ruck, which they must complete within three hours while carrying a weight of at least 35 pounds. The reason why rucking is growing in popularity is that it’s an easy and all-body exercise. One study in 2019 showed that 10 weeks of weighted walking improved physical performance. Since rucking is usually performed outdoors, there is no doubt that it’s also good for your mental health. Lots of studies suggest that the mental health benefits of being in a natural environment are huge. There are several tips for your rucking when you get started. First, don’t be too eager. As with any new exercise, you’ll need to begin slowly. Start with an empty backpack (背包) and walk a distance you’ve already done. When you start adding weight to your pack, try something low, like 10% of your body weight. Adding weight is going to put more stress on your ankles, knees, hips and back, so do it gradually. Another option is to start with a weighted vest (背心) instead of a backpack. This spreads the weight between your front and back. And of course, don’t forget your feet. Select a comfortable pair of shoes to prevent getting hurt. 32. What is rucking?(不多于六个单词) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 33. Why is rucking popular?(不多于六个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 34. Where is rucking usually performed?(不多于一个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 35. What is the last paragraph mainly about?(不多于三个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】32. Walking with weight on your back. 33. It’s an easy and all-body exercise. 34. Outdoors. 35. Tips for rucking. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徒步这项户外活动的情况以及徒步的建议。 【32题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Rucking is walking with weight on your back.(徒步就是背着重物走路)”可知，徒步就是背着重物走路。故答案为Walking with weight on your back. 【33题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“The reason why rucking is growing in popularity is that it’s an easy and all-body exercise.(蹦蹦跳跳越来越受欢迎的原因是它是一种简单的全身运动)”可知，徒步受欢迎因为这是一项简单的全身运动。故答案为It’s an easy and all-body exercise. 【34题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Since rucking is usually performed outdoors, there is no doubt that it’s also good for your mental health.(因为徒步通常是在户外进行的，毫无疑问，它对你的心理健康也有好处)”可知，徒步通常在户外。故答案为Outdoors. 【35题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“There are several tips for your rucking when you get started. First, don’t be too eager. As with any new exercise, you’ll need to begin slowly. Start with an empty backpack (背包) and walk a distance you’ve already done. When you start adding weight to your pack, try something low, like 10% of your body weight. Adding weight is going to put more stress on your ankles, knees, hips and back, so do it gradually. Another option is to start with a weighted vest(背心) instead of a backpack. This spreads the weight between your front and back. And of course, don’t forget your feet. Select a comfortable pair of shoes to prevent getting hurt.(当你开始徒步时，这里有一些建议。首先，不要太急切。和任何新运动一样，你需要慢慢开始。从一个空背包开始，走一段你已经走过的距离。当你开始增加你的背包重量时，尝试一些低的，比如你体重的10%。增加重量会给你的脚踝、膝盖、臀部和背部带来更大的压力，所以要循序渐进。另一个选择是从加重背心开始，而不是背包。这样可以将重量分散到你的前后。当然，别忘了你的脚。选择一双舒适的鞋子以防止受伤)”可知，最后一段主要讲徒步的技巧。故答案为Tips for rucking. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）根据句意，用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The local government is ________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. 2．________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. 3．Today, we are just as closely linked ________ each other by the bonds of friendship as we were 20 years ago. 4．They felt ________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress. 5．Those who lack resistance are more likely to ________ (infect) with the virus. 6．________ (initial), the system worked well, but then we met some challenges. 7．The priceless treasures ________ (cast) into the Nile during the war. 8．As a sports fan, I ________ (subscribe) to several sports channels on TV last  year. 9．Joe listened, ________ (shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another. 10．The leak was eventually ________ (trace) to a broken seal. 二、（2024·高一课时练习）根据句意，用适当的单词或所给单词的适当形式填空。 1._____ Henry failed the exam again made all of us surprised. 2.War broke ____ one evening and Kate came into the room breathlessly. 3.The man came down _____a disease which caused him to lose the sense of smell. 4.All members must get over their natural desire _____ (avoid) the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 5.While we can’t change the body type we are born with，we can’t blame our genes _____ making us fat. 6.The president says he has a passion for China，_____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7._____ this reason，tourist organizations need to have second thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell. 8.But that is not ____Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子。 1．我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。We haven't decided ________________ for our summer holiday. 2．他似乎对他的老师说了谎。________________ he told a lie to his teacher. 3．放学后我要去修自行车。(have)I'll ____________________ after school. 4．通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。Usually, it's ________ crowded on the bus ________ I can't find anywhere to sit. 5．Stephen Hawking ________________ (同意) the big bang theory from the beginning. 6．The hot weather is partly ________________ (对……负有责任) the water shortage. 7．For some people, the ability to achieve something ________________ (与……紧密相关) their attitudes. 8．People who ________________ (接受挑战) were those who were determined and perseverant. 9．Tea houses in Hangzhou ________________ (追溯到) the Southern Song Dynasty (1127～1279). 10．Small color choices are the ones we ________________ (非常熟悉的). 知识应用 四、（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县三校联考2023-2024学年高二下学期4月月考）阅读理解 Four best day trips from Amsterdam: the ultimate travel guide Zaanse Schans: a picture- perfect town of windmills A trip to the Netherlands would be incomplete without seeing windmills— and there’s no better way to see them than in the historical town of Zaanse Schans. This quaint village gives visitors an accurate impression of Dutch living in the 17th and 18th centuries. From cheese and dairy factories to traditional windmills and historical museums, you’ ll live, breathe, and experience the old Zaan style of living. Classic! Travel time by car: 21 minutes Transport fees: €4 for adults, €1.5 for children Marken: a former island in the Zuiderzee Residents of the town built wooden houses on artificial hills to prevent more flooding damage. To this day, these picturesque homes remain a popular cultural attraction. On your walk, you can visit the cosy town harbour or enjoy the scenic route of fields, forests, and the lakeshore. Travel time by car: 27 minutes Transport fees: €4.5 for adults, €1.5 for children Dordrecht: a historic trading port Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland（we mean the old province of Holland and not the so- called“ country”!）. There are plenty of cultural spots, including seven churches and several historical monuments- turned- museums. Travel time by car: 1 hour and 5 minutes Transport fees: €9.5 for adults, €2 for children （2-6 years old） Schiedam: home to the world’s tallest windmill While there are windmills all around the Netherlands, Schiedam has the tallest traditional windmills of all, standing at 26.6 metres. Schiedam is also known for being the Netherlands’ gin（杜松子酒 ） capital, with the city producing the most jenever （also known as Dutch gin） in the country. There are multiple bars museums where you can check out the production process. Travel time by car: 55 minutes Transport fees: €9 for adults, €3 for children 21．How much should a couple pay for transport fee at least? A．€3. B．€8. C．€9. D．e9.5. 22．Which trip leads to the oldest city in Holland? A．Zaanse Schans. B．Marken. C．Dordrecht. D．Schiedam, 23．What do Zaanse Schans and Schiedam have in common? A．They’re both islands. B．They both produce Dutch gin. C．They’re famous for wooden houses. D．They’re both featured in windmills. 五、（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）完形填空 Speaking Up I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded (智障的) boy a few tables away. It didn’t even cross my mind that he might feel ___41___ when people whispered about him. So I just let them talk. Then came the day when I learned my younger brother Tom’s testing for autism (自闭症) came out positive (阳性). I had never thought about him like that. I broke ___42___, crying. Everything had just changed. He was no longer a(n) ___43___ little boy. Over time, I was able to accept his illness a little more. We had to ___44___ because Tom needed treatment. So Tom and I both started at a new school. One day, I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus (for the retarded) came and ___45___ some kids up. The children in the other line started making ___46___ about the “retarded” on that bus and I felt a strange feeling in my heart. I said quietly that those comments weren’t very nice, but no one listened. My family moved again. In the new school I got a ___47___ to speak up pretty soon. That day, in a band class, my teacher ___48___ our playing to make some comments, “… Guys, we’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on!” The entire room was laughing loudly. I felt very bad. Then, I raised my hand. I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard. The whole class ___49___ down. My mouth opened and this came out: “I don’t think we should make fun of the short bus, because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my ____50____ getting louder. “So I would ____51____ it if you didn’t make fun of them.” The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me. My teacher ____52____ for the words and then started the song again. At the end of the class, everyone was giving me strange looks. But I didn’t ____53____, because I knew three things: I had spoken the ____54____. I had taught everyone something, and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower, I had decided to take a different path since I wanted to become a ____55____ and a role model. 41. A. amazed B. hurt C. uncertain D. cold 42. A. off B. in C. down D. away 43. A. normal B. noisy C. outstanding D. impressive 44. A. change B. move C. quit D. study 45. A. set B. took C. brought D. picked 46. A. jokes B. complaints C. choices D. discoveries 47. A. chance B. position C. topic D. point 48. A. encouraged B. bothered C. enjoyed D. stopped 49. A. sat B. slowed C. quieted D. looked 50. A. pace B. voice C. pulse D. breath 51. A. excuse B. appreciate C. stand D. permit 52. A. apologized B. fought C. allowed D. argued 53. A. understand B. notice C. return D. care 54. A. wisdom B. importance C. matter D. truth 55. A. reporter B. thinker C. leader D. trainer 六、（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）任务型阅读 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。 If you enjoy walking for exercise, there’s a simple way to meet your demand—change your walk into a ruck, and it’s an increasingly popular form of exercise. Rucking is walking with weight on your back. The term “rucking” comes from ruck marching, a core skill used by the military around the world. One of the tests the army normally gives to soldiers is a 12-mile ruck, which they must complete within three hours while carrying a weight of at least 35 pounds. The reason why rucking is growing in popularity is that it’s an easy and all-body exercise. One study in 2019 showed that 10 weeks of weighted walking improved physical performance. Since rucking is usually performed outdoors, there is no doubt that it’s also good for your mental health. Lots of studies suggest that the mental health benefits of being in a natural environment are huge. There are several tips for your rucking when you get started. First, don’t be too eager. As with any new exercise, you’ll need to begin slowly. Start with an empty backpack (背包) and walk a distance you’ve already done. When you start adding weight to your pack, try something low, like 10% of your body weight. Adding weight is going to put more stress on your ankles, knees, hips and back, so do it gradually. Another option is to start with a weighted vest (背心) instead of a backpack. This spreads the weight between your front and back. And of course, don’t forget your feet. Select a comfortable pair of shoes to prevent getting hurt. 32. What is rucking?(不多于六个单词) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 33. Why is rucking popular?(不多于六个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 34. Where is rucking usually performed?(不多于一个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 35. What is the last paragraph mainly about?(不多于三个单词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 新人教选择性必修二 目 录 Lead-in While-reading Pre-reading Post-reading Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1. To get information about how John Snow defeated cholera 2. To summarize stages of scientific research 3. To talk about the significance and contribution of John’s work; 4. Learn John Snow’s research process and analyze his characters; 5. Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking; Lead-in： Are you familiar with these situations ? Mask up Get vaccinated Self-isolation Positive measures are taken by humans to fight against COVID-19. coronavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvairəs] It was discovered in the human body in 2019. The virus is generally characterised by fever, dry cough and gradually dyspnea(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was confirmed to be with the phenomenon of human transmission and have latent infection. The disease had no specific treatment at that time, so it broke out in 2020 and swept the globe. COVID-19 Besides coronavirus, what other kinds of epidemics (流行病) do you know? bird-flu plague[pleiɡ] Ebola [iˈbəʊlə] malaria [məˈleriə] Who Helped Defeat Malaria? There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Name some famous scientists you know and tell something about them. Tu Youyou She is the first Chinese Nobel laureate (荣誉获得者) in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category (范畴), as well as the first Chinese person to receive the Lasker Award. Lead-in： Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) British scientist worked on astronomy and studied black holes in space Zhong Nanshan who has been committed to the study, prevention and treatment of major respiratory (呼吸道的) diseases and significantly contributed to the COVID-19 fight, was recommended for the Medal of the Republic nomination. What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？ Lead-in： It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. dehydration (缺水) severe vomiting (呕吐) diarrhea (腹泻) Many years ago, the cholera in the world killed millions of people. People were very afraid of it, but they didn’t know what to do. Luckily, a young doctor decided to find out how to prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the doctor won the battle. John Snow How did he win the battle? Pre-reading： What will be talked about from the title ? John Snow Defeats“King Cholera” Who ? How ? What ? The text is mainly about ___________ and _____ he defeated ____________. John Snow how king cholera scientific research ? Pre-reading： What order would you put them in? Stages of Scientific Research ______ analyse the results ______ ask a question ______ draw a conclusion ______ collect data ______ find a problem ______ find supporting evidence ______ think of a method While-reading： Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 draw a conclusion find a problem ask a question collect data find supporting evidence What causes cholera? Which theory is correct? Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not die. Find other evidence to confirm the conclusion. The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe. It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in ____________. Snow _______________ the places where the people who _____ had lived. Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street. Some people _______ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ________ ___________________. The pump water carried _____________. The _______ of the pump was removed. air food or water marked on a map died water pump hadn’t drinking cholera germs handle A. C. B. D. E. water from the pump No death happened here. multiple deaths happened here. Clue: free beer from public house Public house The water from the pump was to blame. Result: The water came from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. While-reading： P1 John Snow Who? What? A _________doctor who even attend _______________ when she gave birth. He had desire to ________________once and for all. famous Queen Victoria destroy cholera Though being famous, he was still devoted to defeating “King Cholera” Research background Find the problem Cholera John Snow It's one of ______________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________. _____________________ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit ________ milions of people ____________________. He rose to become _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. John Snow became ___________ because no one knew _____________________________. However, he had a desire to ______________ once and for all. the most feared diseases severe diarrhoea and dehydration In the early 19th century Europe died from the disease frustrated how to prevent or treat cholera a famous doctor attended to destroy cholera Para.1 Research background While-reading： P2 two theories The first theory The second theory Cholera was caused by _________________. Cholera was caused by _____________________ __________________________________________. bad air an infection from the germs in food or water. He needed proof . Snow subscribed to the ________ theory. second Two contradictory theories Ask a question Two contradictory theories Theory one: caused by ________ Theory two: caused by _______ Symptoms Symptoms cough sneeze runny nose lung diarrhoea dehydration ✔ bad air germs Snow subscribed to the second theory. While-reading： P3 A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map” Think of a method& collect data water pump beer pub Many deaths happened here. No deaths happened here. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in____________. A Snow ____________ the places where the people who _______ had lived. B Many deaths occurred near the _____________ in Broad Street. Some people _________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ____________________. The pump water carried ______________ The ________ of the pump was removed. theories process air food or water died investigated water pump hadn’t drinking the pump water cholera germs handle Solution Conclusion Find supporting evidence C D E conclusion evidence process solution theories While-reading： P4 What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854? Para. 4: The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. … Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get cholera. While-reading： P5 What contributions did John Snow make? Water companies began to sell clean water. The threat of cholera around the world decreased. He helped people know how to prevent cholera. Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. The Father of Modern Epidemiology Was cholera defeated completely? How to prevent the cholera? To prevent cholera from spreading, we'd better drink pure or boiled water and eat clean food. While-reading： Post-reading： what can we human do to prevent or fight these diseases? 1. Drink boiled water or cook food thoroughly 2. Wash hands and keep clean Strengthen publicity and improve awareness of haelthy Invest more on medical affairs individual society government Keep a banlance between economical development and environmental protection more In our daily life, in order not to get infected with the infectious disease, such as cholera, AIDS, SARS, COVID-19 ,what should we do？ Heal the food left overnight Cook raw food Wash hands often Keep away from flies choose fresh sea food Keep the kitchen clean deal with rubbish properly. Drink boiled water Critical Thinking Don't forget to wear a mask when you go out. As a doctor, he helped us to ____________________. As a scientist, he found out _________________________. Evaluation of John Snow what caused cholera prevent cholera What qualities do you think John Snow has? hard work devotion determination passion creativity selflessness critical thinking Common characteristics What qualities do you need to be a scientist?. Human progress on epidemic research Language Points Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1) until 引导 __________ 从句， how 引导 _____ 从句。 时间状语 宾语 I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. until 表示“直到…为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句； not … until 表示“直到…才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。 not until 用于一般疑问句型中 It wasn’t until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (改为一般疑问句) Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed? 强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分 He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework. (对画线部分进行强调) not until 用于强调句型中 要强调until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把not一起提前 → It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed. It wasn’t until ..that ＋ 句子的其余部分 not until 用于倒装结构 1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in. 2. The sports meet will not be held until next week. → Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. → ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held. Not until will 2. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。 e.g. My dream was that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city. 我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室的房子。 【思考】请找出课文中的表语从句。 1) The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 2) It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 3. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(Para. 2, Line 5) so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14) Observe and Find 1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out. 3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming. 主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 4. I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them. 5. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants. 6. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it. 主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句 so ... that 用于倒装结构 这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。（翻译） → The speaker was so nervous that his legs were trembling. → So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling. 4. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. have sth. done 结构 so….that 引导结果状语从句 It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句 have sth. done 使某事被……(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做); (主语)遭遇/ 经历某种不幸的事 have sth. done 结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。 have sth. done 可表四种不同的意义： (1) (主语) 请/ 派别人完成某事； (2) (主语) 完成某事(可能参与)； (3) (主语) 遭受某种不幸的情况；(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许…”“不让” have sb. to sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人去做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事(动作延续) 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _______ (take). 我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。 2) You’d better have the old furniture __________ (remove) out of the room. 你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。 taken removed 5. the way+定语从句 way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句。 (1) 关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。 e.g. The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me. (2) 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which (作宾语时关系词可省略)。 e.g. I did it in the way (that/ which) you told me. 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) it’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way _____________ we think. 令人惊讶的是，这么简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式。 2) Even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in ___________________. 即使在电视和收音机里，你也会听到人们说话方式的差异。 (that/ in which) the way people speak Thank You ! Reading and Thinking 新人教选择性必修二 x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] $$