Unit2 单词详解&句型剖析2024-2025学年牛津上海版英语九年级上册

9AU2 【考点点拨】 1. elderly/'eldəlɪ/ used as a polite word for “old” adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的（婉辞，与old同义） the elderly 老年人（谓语动词要用复数） e.g. There was an elderly couple on the balcony. 阳台上有一对老夫妇。 e.g. The elderly are a formidable force in any election. 老年人在任何选举中都是一股强大的力量。 2. control /kən'trəul/ 1)the ability to make sb./sth.do what you want n.控制 be in control(of sth. )控制住（某物） e.g. He has reached retiring age,but he's still firmly in control. 他已经到了退休年龄，但他仍然牢牢地控制着局面。 be/get/run out of control 失控 be under control 被控制住 e.g. Don't worry-everything's under control!别担心－一切都在掌控之中！ 2) to have power over a person,company,country,etc. so that you are able to decide what they must do or how it is run v. 控制 control one's temper/anger 控制自己的脾气／愤怒 e.g. She made a visible effort to control her anger. 看得出她竭力控制自己不发火。 3. up to 1)sth. is less than or equal to but not more than a stated value,number or level 到达（某数量、程度）；至多有 e.g. Up to two hundred people were on board the ship.船上有多达200人。 e.g.One ladybug can eat up to 5, 000 insects in its lifetime.(2016黄浦区一模）一只瓢虫一生最多能吃掉5000只昆虫。 e.g.He had used a mobile phone up to six hours a day for 12 years.(2016嘉定区一模）十二年来，他每天用手机的时间多达6小时。 2) being the responsibility of(sb.)该由·····负责 e.g. The decision is up to you.由你做决定。 4. require/rɪ'kwaɪə/ （require-required-required;requiring) 1) to need sth.;to depend on sb./sth. v.需要；依靠；依赖 require sb.to do sth. 要求（某人做）某事 require doing(主动表被动）＝require to be done 某事需要被做 e.g. Anyone can see that planting tea requires great patience and lots of hard work. 任何人都知道，种茶需要极大的耐心和大量的辛勤劳动。 e.g. According to the website,this type of system does not require attending live classes.You can get the materials at any time that works for you. 据该网站称，这类系统不需要（参与者）参加直播课程。你可以在任何合适的时候去获取（学习）资料。 e.g. Martial arts require students to develop both their bodies and their minds. 武术要求学生既要锻炼身体，又要锻炼头脑。 ＊＊2) to make sb. do or have sth.,especially because it is necessary according to a particular law or set of rules v. 使做(某事); 使拥有(某物);（尤指根据法规）规定 require sth. (of sb. )(向某人）要求某物 be required 被要求 e.g. The wearing of seatbelts is required by law. 法律要求系安全带。 as required 根据要求 e.g. Rewrite the following sentences as required. 根据要求改写下列句子。 ＜近＞ask/a:sk/v. 要求 demand/dɪ'ma:nd/v. 要求；需要 【词性变化】 ＊＊requirement/rɪ'kwaiəmənt/n. 要求 e.g. Cats are independent, but they still have basic care requirements. 猫很独立，但它们仍然需要基本的照顾。 【构词法】 re(再)＋quir(=seek,search)寻求＋e=再寻求＝需要 5. set off 1) to begin a journey 出发；动身 set off for someplace 出发去某地 set off to do sth. 出发去做某事 e.g. When will you set off for the airport?你什么时候出发去机场？ e.g.I set off early to breathe fresh air in the forest.(2018普陀区一模）我提早出发去森林里呼吸新鲜空气。 ＊＊2)to make a bomb etc.explode 使（炸弹等）爆炸 set off fireworks/firecrackers 放烟花 e.g. Every time we set off fireworks to celebrate a holiday, our animals do not want to be anywhere near them. 每次我们放烟花庆祝节日时，动物都不想靠近这些烟花。 ＜近＞set out 出发 e.g. Our train leaves at 3 p.m. Shall we set out for the railway station at 2 p.m.?我们的火车下午3点离站。我们2点出发去火车站好吗？ 6. reach/ri:tʃ/ 1)to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to v.到达；抵达 reach someplace=arrive at/in someplace 到达某地 e.g.Human beings still can't reach Mars for the time being.(2016浦东新区一模）人类暂时仍无法到达火星。 e.g. I hope this letter reaches you. 我希望你能收到这封信。 2)to achieve a particular aim v.实现；达到 reach a conclusion/decision 得出结论／做出决定 e.g.The bigger your dream is, the higher you reach.(2016宝山区、嘉定区二模）你的梦想越大，你能达到的高度就越高。 e.g. But the biggest problem with research now is that it is too early to reach conclusions.（2016嘉定区一模）但是目前研究的最大问题是，现在得出结论还为时过早。 e.g.It didn't take long to reach that goal.(2020嘉定区一模）那个目标很快就达到了。 ＊＊3) to stretch your hand towards sth. in order to touch it, pick it up,etc. v.伸；伸手 reach for sth. 伸手取某物 e.g. She reached inside her bag for a pen. 她把手伸到包里掏钢笔。 e.g. He reached for his gun.他伸手去拿枪。 【辨析】reach、arrive和 get to reach、arrive和 get to 三者都可表示“到达”这个动作。 1) reach强调到达目的地前的旅程不易，后面不加介词。 e.g. To reach the capital might not be easy. 要到首都可能并非易事。 2) arrive后面需要根据目的地的大小选用介词“in”或“at";arrive 强调“在某地”，而非“去某地”。e.g.And I was very happy to arrive in America at last.(2018青浦区一模）我很高兴终于来到了美国。 3) get to多用于非正式场合。 e.g.It would take up to 40 minutes to get to the hospital.(2019徐汇区一模）要40分钟才能到达医院。 7. so that in order that 为了，以便 e.g. When I call your name,shout out so that we know you're here. 当我叫你的名字时，大声喊出来让我们知道你在这里。 e.g. People wear spectacles so that they can see better. 人们戴眼镜是为了看得更清楚。 【辨析】so that, so as to. . . ., so. . . .that. . . ., too···to. . . .和 enough to. . . 1) so that=in order that (表示目的）为了、以便，后面跟从句 e.g. We should only buy and use environmentally friendly goods so that we can save the earth. =We should only buy and use environmentally friendly goods in order that we can save the earth. 我们应该只购买和使用环保产品，这样我们才能拯救地球。 2)so as to=in order to,后面跟动词原形 e.g. We should only buy and use environmentally friendly goods so as to save the earth. =We should only buy and use environmentally friendly goods in order to save the earth. 我们应该只购买和使用环保产品，以拯救地球。 3)so...that...如此·······以至于··· e.g. The window is so dirty that I can't look outside through it. 窗户是如此的脏，以至于我无法透过它向外看。 4)too...to...太······以至于不能······ e.g. The window is too dirty for me to look outside through it. 窗户太脏了，我无法透过它向外看。 5)enough to...足够·····. e.g. The window is not clean enough for me to look outside through it. 窗户不够干净，我无法透过它向外看。 8. hang/hæŋ/ to attach sth. , or to be attached, at the top so that the lower part is free or loose v. 悬挂 hang sth.on. . . 把某物挂在······上 hang sth.up 把某物挂起来 hang sth.out 把某物挂在外面 hang out(with sb. )与某人一起闲逛 e.g. Hang your coat on the hook. 把你的外套挂在钩子上。 e.g. Shall I hang your coat up? 我把你的外套挂起来好吗？ e.g. Have you hung out the washing? 你把洗好的衣服晾出去了吗？ e.g. But the only way to hang out with her friends was riding out of town together.（2017宝山区二模）但是她和朋友们出去玩的唯一方法就是一起骑马出城。 【词性变化】 hanger/'hæŋə/n. 衣架；挂钩 【辨析】hang有两种不同的过去式和过去分词，表达的是不同的意思。 hang-hung-hung v. 悬挂 hang-hanged-hanged v. 吊死；绞死 9. remove/rɪ'mu:v/ 1) to take sth.away from a place v.移开；拿开 e.g. He removed his hand from her shoulder. 他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。 2) to get rid of sth. unpleasant, dirty, etc. to make sth.disappear v.去除；排除（污渍、不愉快的事物等);使消失 remove. . .from. . . 从······移除······ e.g. They removed all the dirt from the carpet. 他们把地毯上的污垢都清除了。 e.g. Most stains can easily be removed by rubbing with a damp cloth. 大多数污渍可以用湿布擦去。 ＊＊be far removed from sth. 与某物大相径庭 e.g. The events in the newspaper article were far removed from reality. 报纸上报道的这些事情和事实大相径庭。 3) If you remove an obstacle,a restriction or a problem,you get rid of it. v.消除（障碍）；取消（限制); 解决（问题） e.g. The college removed rules that prevented women from enrolling. 这所大学取消了禁止女性入学的规定。 4) If people remove sb. from power or from sth. such as a committee, they stop them being in power or being a member of the committee. v. 免除（职务） e.g. The student senate voted to remove Fuller from office. 学生评议会投票免除了富勒的职位。e.g. The president could only be removed from power once free elections were organized. 总统只有在开始自由选举时才能被免职。 【词性变化】 removal/rɪ'mu:vl/n. 移动；搬迁；除去；开除 e.g.a removal van 搬家卡车 e.g.stain removal 去污剂 move/mu:v/ 1) vt.移动；感动 2) vi.移动；迁移 3) n.行动；举措；一步棋 ＜近＞＊＊dismiss/dis'mis/v. 免职；摒弃 ＊＊eliminate/ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt/v. 消灭；除去 10. rest/rest/ 1) the remaining people or things;the others n.其余的人（或物） the rest 其余；剩余部分 e.g. The first question was difficult, but the rest were pretty easy. 第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。 2)to take a short break from one's activities in order to relax v.休息 e.g.We'll rest for a month first.(2018崇明区一模）我们会先休息一个月。 3) a period of relaxing,sleeping or doing nothing after a period of activity n.休息 have a rest 休息一会 e.g. The doctor prescribed some pills and told her to get/have a week's rest. 医生开了些药，并嘱咐她休息一周。 【词性变化】 ＊＊restful/'restfl/adj. 闲适宁静的；使人感到悠闲的 e.g. A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week.(2018浦东新区一模）休息几个小时做一些你真正喜欢的事情也许能帮助你应对忙碌的一周。 11. traditional/trə'dɪʃənl/ being part of the beliefs, customs or way of life of a particular group of people,that have not changed for a long time adj. 传统的；习俗的；惯例的 e.g.traditional dress 传统服装 e.g.traditional culture 传统文化 e.g. traditional methods of teaching传统的教学方法 e.g. It's traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.在美国，吃火鸡是感恩节的传统。 e.g. Scott agreed to try traditional Chinese medicine after Carla introduced it to him.在卡拉将传统中药介绍给斯科特后，他同意试试。 【词性变化】 tradition/trə'dɪʃn/n. 传统 e.g. They broke with tradition and got married quietly. 他们打破了传统，悄悄地结婚了。traditionally/trə'dɪʃənəlɪ/adv. 传统地；历来 e.g. Housework has traditionally been regarded as women's work. 家务历来被视为女性的工作。 12. skill/skɪl/ the ability to do sth.well,especially because you have learned and practiced it n. [U]技巧；［C]技能 with skill 有技巧地 skill in/at sth. 在某物上的技能 develop/master a skill 发展／掌握一项技能 e.g. With great skill,he piloted the boat into the little harbour. 他以高超的技巧把船领进了那个小港口。 e.g. Skill comes with practice. 熟能生巧。 e.g. Reading and writing are two different skills.阅读和写作是两种不同的技能。 【词性变化】 skilled/skɪld/adj. 有技能的；熟练的 e.g. He is skilled in sculpture. 他擅长雕刻。 skillful/'skɪlfl/adj. 灵巧的；熟练的 e.g. This artist was very skillful with a pencil. 这位艺术家对于铅笔的运用很娴熟。 e.g. That is a skillful operation. 那是一个巧妙的操作。 13. situation/sɪtju'eɪʃn/ all the things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place n. 情况；状况；形势；局面 in a. . .situation 在一个······情况下 e.g. Her news put me in a difficult situation. 她的消息让我陷入困难的境地。 e.g. We have to take action immediately to prevent the situation from getting worse.（2019嘉定区一模）我们必须立即采取行动，防止局势恶化。 e.g.The situation is so serious that we must do something to save the Earth.(2018静安区二模）形势如此严峻，我们必须采取措施拯救地球。 14. imagine/ɪ'mædʒɪn/ to form a picture in your mind of what sth.might be like v. 想象；设想 imagine sth. /doing sth. 想象某事／做某事 e.g. She imagined herself sitting in her favourite chair back home.她想象自己正坐在家中最喜欢的扶手椅上。 e.g. Can you imagine how it feels to be blind? 你能想象失明的感觉吗？ 【词性变化】 ＊＊imagination/ɪ,mædʒɪ'neɪʃn/n.想象力 e.g. He's got no imagination. 他没有想象力。 ＊＊imaginary/ɪ'mædʒɪnərɪ/adj.想象中的；幻想的；虚构的 e.g. Lots of children have imaginary friends. 许多孩子都有假想的朋友。 【辨析】imagine和 image 1) imagine n.想象；设想；猜测 e.g. There's nobody there. You're imagining things. 那里根本没有人，你在胡思乱想。2)image/ɪ'mɪdʒ/n.形象；图像 e.g. The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image. 这些广告旨在提升公司的形象。 重点剖析： 1.Although he is an elderly man，he is strong enough to control his raft in the river where he lives and works with his cormorants.尽管 他上了年纪,但身手依然矫健,能够在与鸬鹚一同生活与劳作的河面上自如地操控竹筏 本句句是although引导的让步状语从句。although意为“虽然”,连词,引导让步状语从句.不能与 but用在同一个句子中，但可以用yet或Still. 【归纳拓展】 although与 though表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，although 比 though 正式，though 较常使用，二者都可与yet,still 或 nevertheless 连用，但不能与but连用。 Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 【温馨提示】although引导的让步状语从句位 于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。 2. He ties a piece of grass around the neck of each bird,so that it cannot swallow the fish. 为了不让鸬鹚把鱼吞下，他用草绳拴住每只鸬鹚的脖子。 本句是含有so that引导的目的状语从句。 so that 固定短语，意为“（表示目的）为了；以便”，引导目的状语从句，此时可与in order that 换用；从句中的谓语常用情态动词may/might,can/could, should,would 等。主从句间连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。 My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that/in order that he might keep up with times. 父亲六十岁时才开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。 【归纳拓展】 （1) 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that,so that,in case,for fear等。 Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。 He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。 Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。 （2) so that 意为“因此，所以”，引导一个表示结果的状语从句，此时不能与in order that 换用。从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态，主从句间可有逗号相隔。 She had not planned her time well,so that she did not finish her homework on time. 她没把时间计划好，所以没按时完成家庭作业。 3. all the time 固定短语，意为“始终；一直”。I have been busy all the time. 我一直很忙。 【归纳拓展】 ahead of time 提早，提前 at times/from time to time 有时候 at all time 多少次，屡次 at the time一直，总是 at one time 以前，从前 at a time 一次 in no time立刻，马上 at no time决不，从不 4. take away 固定短语，意为“带走，拿走，取走”。take away为“动词＋副词”结构的短语，其后接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词要放在take和away的中间。 Take away the glasses and the tray. 把这些玻璃杯和托盘拿走。 I remember having seen someone take it away. 我记得曾看见有人把它拿走。 【归纳拓展】 take back 收回，接回，退回 take down 写下，记下 take off 脱下，起飞 take up 开始（学习或从事等），占用（时间或空间） take after 在相貌、脾气或性格上相似 take care of 照看，照顾 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$