Unit4 单词详解&句型剖析2024-2025学年牛津上海版（试用本）九年级英语上册

9AU4 【考点点拨】 1. screen/skri:n/ 1) the flat surface at the front of a television or computer, on which you see pictures or information n. 屏幕 e.g. Maybe we should move our eyes away from the screen sometimes, and take a good look at the real world.(2017崇明区二模）也许我们有时候应该把眼睛从屏幕上移开，好好看看现实世界。 2)films/movies or television in general n.[U](统称）电影；电视 on and off screen 台前幕后 e.g. She was the ideal American teenager,both on and off screen. 无论是在荧幕上还是在生活中，她都是人们心目中完美的美国青少年。 2. recognize/'rekəgnaɪz/ to know who sb. is or what sth. is when you see or hear them,because you have seen or heard them or it before v. 辨别出；认识 recognize sb. /sth. 认出某人／某物 e.g. Those amusics are born without the ability to recognize, repeat or remember musical notes. (2020普陀区一模) 那些音盲天生就没有识别、复述或记住音符的能力。 e.g. Now,an app called Xiao Du can recognize human voices and talk with the driver.现在，一个名为“小度”的应用程序可以识别人声并与司机交谈。 3. tiny/'taɪnɪ/ very small in size or amount adj. 极小的；微量的 e.g. The Japanese artist makes really tiny things. 这个日本艺术家制作非常微小的东西。 e.g.The van, a tiny house on wheels, is our home.(2019青浦区二模）那辆货车——一间轮子上的小房子——是我们的家。 【辨析】 tiny、little、small 和 minute tiny、little、small和 minute 四者均可表示“小的”。 1) tiny强调与同类或其他物体比较，小得超出正常比例，有时带强烈的感情色彩。 2) little(/'lɪtl/)指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小，含小而可爱或小巧 的意味。 3)small(/smɔ:l/)多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或少，指略小于正常 的大小。 ＊＊4)minute(/maɪ'nju:t/)指小得难以用肉眼看见，有时需用显微镜才能看见。 4. depend/dɪ'pend/ 1)to rely on sb./sth.and be able to trust them v.依靠；信赖 depend on sb. /sth. =depend upon sb. /sth. 依靠某人／某物；依赖某人／某物 e.g.The young lady used to depend on her relatives to take care of her child. (2016 闵行区一模）这位年轻的女士过去常常依靠亲戚照顾她的孩子。 2) to be affected or decided by sth. v.受······的影响；取决于 e.g. We might need more food,depending on how many people turn up. 我们可能需要更多的食物，这取决于有多少人来。 【词性变化】 dependence/dɪ'pendəns/n. 依赖 dependence on/upon sb. /sth. 对某人／某物的依赖 independence/,ɪndɪ'pendens/n. 独立 independence from sb. /sth. 脱离某人／某物而独立 dependent/dɪ'pendənt/adj. 依赖的 be dependent on/upon sb. /sth. 依赖于某人／某物 independent/,ɪndɪ'pendənt/adj. 独立的 be independent from/of sb. /sth.独立于某人／某物 independently/,ɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ/adv. 独立地 5. common/'kɒmən/ d by or belonging to two or more people or by the people in a group adj. 共有的;共同的 a common interest/purpose 共同的爱好／目标 e.g. They share a common interest in photography. 他们对摄影有共同的兴趣。 common sense 常识 have sth.in common 有共同点 e.g. The twins have a lot in common.这对双胞胎有很多相同之处。 2)existing in large numbers or in many places adj.常见的；普遍的 e.g. The most common kind in North America is the seven-spotted ladybug. 在北美最常见的种类是七星瓢虫。 3)ordinary;not unusual or special adj.普通的；平常的 e.g. Shakespeare's work was popular among the common people in his day. 莎士比亚的作品在他那个年代很受平民百姓的欢迎。 【词性变化】 commonly/'kɒmənli/adv. 普遍地；共同地 e.g. In 1945,some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives caused cancer.(2017宝山区二模）1945年，一些研究人员意识到普遍用于保持肉类颜色的物质和其他食品添加剂会导致癌症。 6. knowledge/'nɒlɪdʒ/ the information,understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience n. 知识；学问；学识 be common knowledge 常识；众所周知 a wide knowledge of. . 关于·····的广泛知识 a lack of knowledge about. . . 缺乏对·····的认知 e.g. It's common knowledge that the day becomes longer and longer when summer comes.（2018虹口区一模）众所周知，夏天到来时白天会变得越来越长。 e.g. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 【词性变化】 know/nəu/v. 知道 (know-knew-known) known/nəun/adj. 知名的 be known as. . . 以······知名 e.g. The Netherlands is known as the “kingdom of bicycles. ”荷兰被称为“自行车王国”。 be known for. . . 因······著名 e.g. He is better known for his film work. 他的电影作品更为出名。 ＊＊knowledgeable/'nɒlɪdʒəbl/adj.知识渊博的 e.g. She is very knowledgeable about planets. 她对行星十分了解。 7. print/prɪnt/ to produce letters,pictures,etc. on paper using a machine that puts ink on the surface v. 打印；印刷 e.g.a printing company 一家印刷公司 e.g. Our class teacher said that we would visit the 3D Printing Cultural Museum the following Thursday.(2020宝山区一模）我们的班主任说下周四我们将参观 3D印刷文化博物馆。 e.g. Please print your name and address on a postcard and send it to us.请把你的姓名和地址印在明信片上寄给我们。 e.g. Our brochure is printed on environmentally friendly paper. 我们的宣传册是用环保纸印刷的。 ＊＊2)to publish sth.in printed form v.刊登；发表 e.g. At the age of 11,when the war of 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a poem printed in the local newspaper later. 1914至1918年的战争爆发时，我11岁。我写了一首诗，后来在当地报纸上发表了。 【词性变化】 ＊＊printer/'prɪntə/n. 打印机 e.g. How can I connect the printer to the computer? 如何将打印机连接到电脑上？ 8. operate/'ɒpəreɪt/ 1)to use or control a machine or to make it work v.操作 e.g.operate the machine 操控机器 2) If an organization or business operates, it is working, and if you operate it, you manage it and make it work v. 经营；管理 e.g. Until his death in 1986, Greenwood owned and operated an enormous pear orchard.直到1986年去世之前，格林伍德一直拥有并经营着一个规模巨大的梨园。 ＊＊3) to cut open sb.'s body in order to remove a part that has a disease or to repair a part that is damaged v. 做手术 operate on a patient 为病人动手术 e.g. Linda felt very sad because the vet didn't operate on Teddy. 琳达很难过，因为兽医没有给泰迪动手术。 【词性变化】 operation/,ɒpə'reɪʃɪn/n. 手术；活动；运转，操作 e.g.Tom needed an operation on his right leg after the traffic accident.(2019宝山区、嘉定区二模）交通事故后，汤姆的右腿需要做手术。 9. meaning/'mi:nɪŋ/ 1)what is conveyed or signified;sense n.意思；含义 e.g. If you don't know the meaning of the word, look it up in the dictionary.(2016普陀区一檬）如果你不知道这个词的意思，就查字典。 ＊＊2)purpose;significance n.目的；重要性 e.g. My life seems to have lost all meaning.我的生活似乎失去了一切意义。 【词性变化】 mean/mi:n/ 1)v.意味着 e.g. Shopping used to mean going to shops, but nowadays, you can do it online at home.(2017浦东新区二模）在过去，购物意味着去商店。但现在，你可以在家里在线购物。 2)adj.小气的；吝啬的 e.g. She has always been mean with money. 她在钱方面总是非常吝啬。 meaningful/'mi:nɪŋfl/adj. 有意义的 meaningless/'mi:nɪŋləs/adj. 无意义的 ＊＊means/mi:nz/n. 手段；方法 by all means=of course,certainly(表示许可）好的；当然可以 e.g. -May I borrow this book? 我可以借这本书吗？－By all means.当然可以。 by no means=not at all 决不；一点都不 e.g. It's by no means accidental.这绝不是偶然的。 by means of=by using sth. 用；依靠 e.g. The course is taught by means of lectures. 该课程通过讲座授课。 10. order/ɔ:də/ 1)the way in which people or things are placed or arranged in relation to each other n.顺序 keep order 维持秩序 e.g.Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road.(2016奉贤区一模）制定交通规则是为了维持道路秩序。 in order ①整齐；井然有序 e.g. Her job is to keep the room in order.她的工作是保持房间整洁。 ②(依法）有效的 e.g. Is your work permit in order? 你的工作许可证有效吗？ ③妥当的；合宜的 e.g. I think a drink would be in order.我想可以喝杯饮料了吧。 out of order(电器）坏的；次序错误的 e.g. The phone is out of order. 电话坏了。 2)sth.that sb.is told to do by sb.in authority n.命令 obey orders 遵守指令 e.g.A robot must obey orders given by human beings.(2016奉贤区一模）机器人必须服从人类的命令。 3) a request to make,supply or deliver food or goods n.订购；订单 receive an order 接到一个订单 e.g. The brothers received an order from Edward Coke to design a hat for Coke's gamekeepers.(改编自2016奉贤区一模）兄弟俩收到了爱德华·科克的订单，为可口可乐的游戏管理员设计一顶帽子。 4) to ask for goods to be made or supplied; to ask for a service to be provided v.订购；要求提供服务 e.g. It was my son's birthday, so we ordered a non-smoking table at your restaurant for 7:30p.m.那天是我儿子的生日，所以我们在你们餐厅订了一张晚上七点半的无烟餐桌。 5)to ask for sth. to eat or drink in a restaurant,bar,etc. v.点（酒菜等） e.g. I ordered a salad and a sandwich. 我点了一份色拉和一个三明治。 6) to use your position of authority to tell sb. to do sth. or say sth. must happen v.下达命令 order sb.to do sth. /order sb.that. . . 命令某人做某事／命令某人······ e.g. The officer ordered them to fire. 军官命令他们开火。 e.g. Half of Beijing's private cars were ordered off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.(2016杨浦区一模）周五，由于浓雾，北京半数私家车被勒令停驶。 【考点】 表目的 in order to do=so as to do 为了做…… in order that+从句 为了······;以便…… e.g. Tracy saved every coin in order to buy her mum a gift on Mother's Day.(2017崇明区二模）特蕾西为了在母亲节给她妈妈买一件礼物，把每一枚硬币都存了起来。 e.g. Tom's cousin does a part-time job in order to/so as to get more work experience.(2016嘉定区一模）汤姆的表弟做兼职是为了获得更多的工作经验。 e.g. All of us have to work harder in order that the project can be finished on time.我们所有人必须更加努力，以便项目如期完成。 ＜近＞instruct/in'strʌkt/v. 指示；命令；吩咐 direct/də'rekt/v. 指示；命令 command/ke'ma:nd/v. 命令 11. contact/'kɒntkæt/ 1) a person serving as a go-between,messenger,connection or source of special information n. 联系人 e.g. Please call the contact to confirm. 请致电联系人确认。 2)the act of communicating with sb.,especially regularly n.联系 e.g. Join clubs or volunteer organizations. The activities they organize will bring you into contact with people who have common interests.(2017杨浦区二模）参加俱乐部或志愿者组织。它们组织的活动将使你接触到有共同兴趣爱好的人。 in contact with 与······有联系 lose contact with 与······失去联系 make eye contact 眼神交流 e.g. In the U. S. A. ,it's polite to make eye contact when you're talking to someone.(2016静安区二模）在美国，与人交谈时眼神交流是礼貌的。 3)to get in touch with;to communicate with v.联系 contact sb. 联系某人 e.g. You can contact us by e-mail. 您可以通过电子邮件与我们联系。 ＜近＞be/get/keep in touch(with sb. )(与某人）有联系；（与某人）保持联系 12. reference/'refrəns/ 1) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth. is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information n. (为方便查询所用的）标记；标识；编号 e.g. Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.查询时请报出编号。 2)the act of looking at sth. for information n.参考；查询；查阅 for easy reference 为了方便查找 for future reference 为了以后查找方便 e.g. Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference. 把电话号码表放在电话附近，以便查阅。 ＊＊3)a thing you say or write that mentions sb./sth.else n.说到或写到的事；提及 in/with reference to. . . 关于…… make a reference to sb. /sth. 提及某人／某事 e.g. Snail mail is also a term used in reference to penpalling.“蜗牛邮件”也是一个关于笔友间书信往来的术语。 【词性变化】 refer/rɪ'fɜː /v. 1)提及；说起 refer to sb. /sth. =make a reference to sb. /sth. 提及／说起某人／某事 e.g. The victims were not referred to by name. 受害者没有指名道姓。 2)涉及；与·····相关 e.g. The term "arts"usually refers to humanities and social sciences. “艺术”一词通常指人文和社会科学。 13. length/leŋθ/ the size or measurement of sth. from one end to the other n. 长；长度 in length 在长度上 the length of. . . ·····的长度 e.g.Please measure the length of the rope with the ruler.(2016浦东新区一模）请用尺子测量绳子的长度。 e.g. A good article isn't judged only on its length, but mainly on its contents. (2016静安区、青浦区二模）判断一篇文章的标准不仅仅是篇幅，而主要是内容。 【词性变化】 long/lɒŋ/adj. 长的 e.g. It is about a metre long. (= It is about a metre in length.)它大约一米长。 14. seat/si:t/ a place where you can sit,for example a chair n. 座位；坐处（如椅子等） back seat (车辆的）后座 take a seat(=sit down) 就座 e.g.I arrived at the hall with the ticket,found my seat and sat down.(2020黄浦区二模）我拿着票来到礼堂，找到我的座位并坐下。 ＊＊2)to give sb.a place to sit;to sit down in a place v.向·····提供座位；(使)就座；坐 e.g.The father walked over to the window where I was seated.(2016杨浦区一模）那位父亲走到我坐的窗前。 【词性变化】 sit/sit/v. 坐（sit-sat-sat;sitting) e.g. She sat and stared at the letter in front of her.她坐在那儿，凝视着面前的那封信。 e.g. She was sitting at her desk. 她坐在书桌前。 sit down=seat oneself 坐下；就座 sit about/around 无所事事地消磨时间；闲坐 sit by 坐视不管；无动于衷 15. distance/'dɪstəns/ 1) space between two points or places n.距离；间距 e.g. What is the distance from Chicago to Detroit/between Chicago and Detroit? (=How far is it from Chicago to Detroit?) 从芝加哥到底特律有多远？ in the distance 在远方 e.g. Digital cameras are useful tools for teenagers as their photos can be e-mailed to their parents or friends in the distance whenever they like.(2016徐汇区一模）数码相机对青少年来说是有用工具，因为他们可以随时把照片通过电子邮件发送给远方的父母或朋友。 ＊＊2) coldness or remoteness in personal relationships n.(人际关系的）冷淡；疏远 e.g. Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness?他的疏远是因为势利还是害羞？ 【词性变化】 distant/'distənt/ 1) far away in space or time adj.遥远的 e.g. The time we spent together is now a distant memory. 我们在一起的时光现在已成为遥远的回忆。 2)(of person) related to you but not closely adj.远房的；远亲的 e.g. She is a distant cousin of mine. 她是我的远房表妹。 3)not wanting a close relationship with sb.adj.冷淡的；疏远的 e.g. Pam sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 帕姆在电话里显得冷淡而疏远。 distantly/'dɪstəntlɪ/adv. 遥远地；冷漠地 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$