第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课件（人教版）

第一部分 教材知识讲练 必修第三册 UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 续 写 语 料 积 累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·株洲质量检测)All of these were seen by Justin and the burden of guilt weighed heavily on his mind． 2．(行为描写)(2024·河北省大联考)Max cried at this sight，throwing a fist in the air，while Lily screamed with excitement． 3．(人物描写)(2024·汕头市模拟)She was one of the friendliest people in school，with shiny black hair and a mile-wide smile． (2024·唐山一中模拟)The elderly woman entered the store，along with her daughter，who was displaying a serious case of impatience，rolling her eyes，sighing and checking her watch every few seconds．I guessed if she had possessed a rope，she would have fastened it to her mother to drag her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers． 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 语基 自主检测 · 目标确立 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．__________ vt．(举例)说明；阐明；给 (书或文章)加插图 2．________ vi．& vt．抱怨；发牢骚 3．____ vt．聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用 4．_______ vt．发表(作品)；出版 5．______ vi．& vt．退休；退职；退出 6．_____ vi．昏倒；晕厥 adj．不清楚的；微弱的 7．______ n．十年；十年期 8．_______ vi．& vt．悄声说；耳语；低语n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 9．____ vt．& vi．咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 10．____ n．& vt．伤害；损害 11．________ adj．灵活的；可变通的 12．______ n．记忆力；回忆 1．Instead of wasting time ___________(complain) about your failure，try to find out the reason for it． 2．If you want to have your writing _________(publish) in our magazine，please contact us by e-mail． 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of _______(decade)． 4．If you don't feel like giving up your job，just consider ______(hire) a babysitter． 5．Many people work during their lunch hour instead of taking a break，which definitely _____(harm) their health． 6．CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history，beautifully ___________(illustrate) and full of unbelievable facts． 7．Young maple trees getting ______(bite) by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get． 8．Wilson，a _______(retire) engineer，has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years． 9．His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，__________(whisper) support． illustrate complain hire publish retire faint decade whisper bite harm flexible memory complaining published decades hiring harms illustrated bitten retired whispering 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．marry vt．& vi．结婚；娶；嫁；把……嫁给→________ n．结婚；婚姻 2．reject vt．拒绝接受；不录用→_________ n．拒绝接受；否决 3．elect vt．选举；推选→________ n．选举；推选；当选 4．scare vt．惊吓；使害怕vi．受惊吓→______ adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 →_____ adj．引起恐慌的 5．operate vt．& vi．运转；操作；实行；动手术→_________ n．手术；企业；经营 6．tense adj．紧张的；担心的；绷紧的→_______ n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 1．There were rumors that they secretly obtained a ________ certificate and later _______ in Hong Kong．(marry) 2．Her demand was ________ out of hand，since when she's been suffering the pain of _________．(reject) 3．The people of Iran voted ________ a new president，who delivered a televised speech shortly after the ________．(elect) 4．Girls are usually ______ of watching _____ movies，which will keep _______ them into screaming．(scare) 5．The _________ of the device is extremely simple，and even a child can learn __________ it in less than 10 minutes. (operate) 6．His coach said to him，“I think your arms are too _____ and that _______ is ruining your accuracy．”(tense) marriage rejection election scared scary operation tension marriage married rejected rejection to elect election scared scary scaring operation to operate tense tension 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．____________________帮助某人渡过难关 2．_________去世 3．____________作为对……的纪念 4．_________被……绊倒 5．________流着泪；含着泪 6．__________处于绝望中 7．___________________大量 8．____________________竭尽全力；全力以赴 1．She ____________ someone's foot in the darkened cinema and almost fell． 2．After repeated failures，she gave up the attempt __________． 3．It was family's support and his own determination that ___________________ the crisis． 4．The Water-Sprinkling Festival is celebrated ____________ seven heroines who protected the Dai people． 5．The parents broke down ________ when they saw their lost child coming back． 6．He unfortunately ___________ last year due to his cancer，but he left a deep impression on me． carry sb through sth pass away in memory of trip over in tears in despair a great deal (of ) with all one's might tripped over in despair carried him through in memory of in tears passed away 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．would rather do... I'd rather stay single to study all my life． 小瑞秋提出给妈妈沏杯茶，但妈妈宁愿等爸爸来做。 Little Rachel offered to make a cup of tea but _______ _______________________．(续写之动作描写) 2．whose引导的定语从句 Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems． 后座上放着一束花，汽车里弥漫着令人愉快的花香。 In the back seat sat a bunch of flowers，__________ _________________________．(续写之场景描写) Mum would rather wait for Dad whose pleasant scent filled the car 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 考点 归纳探究 · 精准讲练 ①By __________(respond) quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems，small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys． ②(2022·全国乙卷)Their responses __ the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me，too．” ③(2021·北京卷改)If an argument gets resolved，the emotional ________(respond) tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased． 1．respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应 responding to response 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎respond to sb/sth对……做出回答或回应；应对…… ◎respond (to sb/sth) by doing sth通过做某事回应(某人/某事) ◎response n．反应；回答；回复 ◎in response to...以回应…… ◎make a/no response to...对……做出回应/不予回答 神态描写 我的回应显然大大超出女儿的预料，她皱着眉头的脸上慢慢绽放出灿烂的笑容。 ____________________________________________________________________，and her frowning face slowly broke into a bright smile． My response was obviously far more than what my daughter had expected 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎respond quickly to a challenge迅速应对挑战 ◎respond to changes in the fashion industry应对时装业的变化 ◎write in response to your request写信回复你的请求 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 2．appoint vt．[课本义]任命；委派　[增补义]约定；指定(时间、地点等) ①The disabled girl was attended throughout her school days by a nurse _________ (appoint) to guard her． ②They take their driverless car to an ___________(appoint) and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking． ③Samuel Smith appointed _______(he) mayor of Baltimore and，much to the relief of many wealthy people，took charge of the city． appointed appointment himself 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎appoint sb(as/to be)...任命某人为…… ◎appoint sb to (do) sth委派某人做某事 ◎appointment n．任命；约会 ◎make an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约 ◎keep/break an appointment守/违约 道歉信佳句 今写信向你道歉，我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。 I'm writing to apologise to you for not being able to ________________________ ____________________________． accompany you to the bookstore at the appointed time 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎appoint Davis to the job委派戴维斯做这项工作 ◎be appointed to direct the project被委派管理这项工程 ◎turn up at the appointed place到达约定地点 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 3．tend vt．照顾；照料 vi．倾向；趋于 ①The young man took a job _______(tend) a coffee bar after he arrived in New York． ②If we grow up eating certain foods in our family，then those foods tend ____________ (link) with positive emotions． ③(2020·浙江7月卷)The lamb had become separated from its mother，so I jumped out of the tractor to tend __ it while Don stayed in his seat． tending to be linked to 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎tend (to) sb/sth照料；护理 ◎tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会做某事 ◎tendency n．倾向；趋势 ◎have a tendency to do sth倾向于做某事；往往会做某事 ◎there is a tendency to do sth有一种做某事的倾向 行为描写 每当我趋向于抱怨并且想放弃时，我都会看到他在竭尽全力，然后会发现自己也有了努力工作的动力。 ____________________________________，I watch him push himself to his own limits，and I find myself motivated to work as hard． Whenever I tend to complain and quit 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎tend to make mistakes往往会犯错误 ◎tend (to) these disabled children carefully细心照料这些残疾的孩子 ◎have a tendency to talk too much总爱唠叨 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 4．replace vt．[课本义]接替；取代；更换　[增补义]把……放回原处 ①I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it _______ a baseball uniform． ②(2021·天津3月卷)For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was ______________(replace) his stolen bike． ③_________(replace) petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric and shared systems could sharply reduce carbon emissions． with/by (to) replace Replacing 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎replace...with/by...用……替换…… ◎replace...as...取代……而成为…… ◎take the place of sb/take one's place代替某人 ◎in place of sb/in one's place代替某人 心理描写 他眼里闪现出一丝怀疑，但很快被坚定的信心所取代。 A look of disbelief came into his eyes，but _________________________________． was quickly replaced by firm confidence ◎replace the magazines after reading杂志读完后放回原处 ◎replace the original painting with a copy用摹本换走原画 ◎use milk in place of cream in this recipe在这个食谱中用牛奶代替奶油 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 5．assist vt．帮助；援助 ①(2021·全国乙卷)I always assist my parents __ doing the dishes after meals． ②All powers were in the hands of the emperor alone，with a group of ministers _________(assist) him with government affairs． ③I favour targeting financial __________(assist) to people with low incomes or sudden income loss． in assisting assistance 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事 ◎assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事 ◎assist sb with/in sth帮助某人做某事 ◎assistance n．帮助；援助；支持 ◎with one's assistance在某人的帮助下 ◎come to one's assistance来帮助某人 词汇升级 (普通表达)The twins，helped by their father，finally succeeded in cooking a delicious breakfast． (高级表达)The twins，_________________________________________________，finally succeeded in cooking a delicious breakfast． assisted by their father/with the assistance of their father 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ◎assist him to get on his feet again帮助他重新站起来 ◎assist me in finding a place to live帮我找个住的地方 ◎assist the doctor with the operation协助医生做手术 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 6．[教材原句]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital．她立即成为第一位被聘为北京协和医院妇产科住院医师的女性。 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world，it is the first major exhibition of his work __________(hold) in over forty years． ②(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later，she was the first African American woman __________(receive) a medical degree． ③(2021·全国甲卷)The first rhino _____(be) born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg． to be held to receive to be 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES the first/second＋n．＋to do意为“第一/二个做……的人/物”。名词前有序数词修饰时，其后常接动词不定式作定语，此时不定式表示已完成的动作。如果名词与不定式之间是主动关系，不定式要用主动形式(to do)；如是被动关系，则不定式要用被动形式(to be done)。 心理描写 出乎意料的是，当宫殿最近重新向公众开放时，我是第一批进入其中的人。 Surprisingly，I was among ________________________________ when it reopened to the public recently． the first ever to gain entry to the palace 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES At the Beijing Olympics she became the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold．在北京奥运会上，她成为第一位获得女子百米奥运金牌的牙买加人。 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 7．[教材原句]After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每人头上都稳稳地顶着一罐水。 ①The gold seekers would carry their supplies in backpacks，each ________(weigh) up to fifty pounds． ②Hundreds of refugees，most _______(dress) in rags，attempted to enter other countries． ③The end-term examination _______(draw) near，many students have to stay up late reviewing their lessons． weighing dressed drawing 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 教材原句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head是独立主格结构作状语。独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等”构成，用于修饰谓语动词或整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，在句中作状语或定语，相当于一个状语或定语从句。 场景描写 妇女们在诊所的走廊里排起了长队，有些抱着哭泣的孩子。走廊色彩鲜艳，点缀着卡通人物。 Women，_____________________________，formed a long queue in the clinic's brightly-coloured corridor dotted with cartoon characters． some carrying crying children 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Jim was listening to the lecture，all his attention fixed on it．吉姆正全神贯注地听讲座。 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 三层 强基固本 · 达标训练 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Totally lost in a daydream，she made no ________(respond) to her mother's question． 2．The judge will appoint a court lawyer _________(defend) the suspect if he can't afford one． 3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures，some ______(have) a lifespan of around 20 years． response to defend having 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 4．Tchaikovsky was given a state funeral—the first commoner ever _____________ (grant) this honour． 5．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Cattle tend __________(keep) in remote places and their value has risen，making them appealing targets． 6．There have been many reports in recent years that warn of future job losses with computers _________(replace) humans in many industries． to be granted to be kept replacing 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．When feeling an economic slowdown，many people tend to respond __ spending less． 2．So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea __ the country's main drink any time soon． 3．As had been expected，he was appointed __ chairman of the Chinese Football Association． 4．Many children of off-farm workers were left behind at home，with no one to tend __ them． by as as to 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Hearing the gunshot，the little girl curled up in the corner，______(scare) half to death． 2．She expressed her dislike of the programme by writing a letter of _________ (complain)． 3．She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her ________(marry) broke up． 4．One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went ________(crash) to the ground． scared complaint marriage crashing 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．The stone is _ danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark． 2．China's economy is beginning to pick __ while America's is still in trouble． 3．People often complain _____ how children spend so much time on computer games． 4．Dr Lin，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime，was known __ the “mother of ten thousand babies”． a up about as 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun，sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness，and aging． _ A．急剧的　　　　B．锋利的　　　C．深刻的 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers． _ A．球场 　　　　　B．宫廷 　　 C．法院 C B 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 3．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers． _ A．磕巴 　　　　B．旅行 　　　 C．绊倒 A 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 化繁为简　本句是一个复合句，可简化为：A...study shows that...changes...led to new speech sounds...。句中的第一个that引导出____从句，第二个that引导出____从句，修饰sounds。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages． 一项历时五年的开创性研究表明，人类咬食物方式的改变导致了新语音的出现，现在，这些语音在世界上一半的语言中都有发现。 宾语 定语 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 化繁为简　本句是一个简单句，可简化为：The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle...。句中principle后面的介词短语of...是作____，修饰principle，其中，protecting...，preserving...，protecting...，and leaving behind...是四个并列的动词-ing形式短语作介词of的____。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”． 大熊猫国家公园的设计旨在体现这样一个指导原则，即“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”。 定语 宾语 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 三维 提能培优 · 进阶训练 As the examination approaches, the majority of the high school students are busy 1．_________(review) their lessons, resulting in a sharp decline in their amount of exercise．2．__ some extent, the PE class provides them with the only precious opportunity to relax at 3．___ moment．Unfortunately, current PE classes are quite boring and sometimes even 4．________(replace) by other courses．Many students complained to their teachers about this but received no 5．________ (respond)．It is generally accepted that proper exercise can build up the body, reviewing To the replaced response 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES cultivate one's virtue, 6．___ relieve tension and anxiety．There're plenty of 7．________(example) that illustrate the value of exercising regularly．Passive attitudes towards physical education tend 8．________(cause) harm to students' health, leaving them feeling tired and, in worse cases, fainting during classes．It is hoped that teachers can 9．________(flexible) design and organise some interesting sports activities 10．_____ everyone can be involved．Please bear in mind that physical education not only allows students to find their own fun but also helps enrich their school life． and examples to cause flexibly where 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①我们的校长李华是一个品德高尚的人。 Our principal，Li Hua，is _______________． ②他把全部精力都贡献给了自己的事业，从来不抱怨工作的艰苦。 He has devoted all his energy to his career，_____________________________ ________． a man of virtue never complaining about the hard work 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ③他乐于助人，经常帮助有困难的人渡过难关。 He is always ready to help others and ___________________________________ __________． ④他工作了几十年，几个月前退休了。 _____________________ after having worked ___________． ⑤他仍精力充沛，愿意继续为我们学校做些力所能及的工作。 ________________________________________________ for our school． ⑥全体教职员工都非常尊敬他，而他确实值得尊敬！ ___________________________________________ and he is truly worthy of the respect! often carries people in need through troubles He retired months ago for decades He is still energetic，and willing to do what he can All the teaching staff have great respect for him 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) Our principal, Li Hua, is a man of virtue．He has devoted all his energy to his career, never complaining about the hard work．In addition, he is always ready to help others and often carries people in need through troubles．He retired months ago after having worked for decades．But he is still energetic, and willing to do what he can for our school．All the teaching staff have great respect for him and he is truly worthy of the respect！ 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于情感描写的词汇 用于人物描写的词汇 scary; in tears; complain; tension; despair faint; tend to; carry sb through; replace; whisper 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 苏珊在车祸中受重伤昏迷了。在医院苏醒后，她发现自己双目失明了。霎时，她觉得自己陷入了可怕的黑暗世界。她整天愁眉不展，以泪洗面。丈夫马克看到妻子的样子感到心如刀割。然而，他没有抱怨，而是非常细心地照顾她，决心帮她渡过难关。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪得到缓解，绝望被信心所取代。她低声对丈夫说：“谢谢你，马克。是你帮我走出了困境。” 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES ___________________________________ in a car crash．When ___________ _______________ in the hospital，__________________________________．For a moment，she felt like _____________________________________．She frowned all day long，_______________．Her husband Mark ________________ when he saw what his wife was like．However，____________________________________ with great care，determined __________________________________．Gradually，______________________________________________________．She _________ _______________，“Thank you，Mark．It is you that have helped me out．” Susan fainted after getting badly injured consciousness she found herself blinded in both eyes she had been thrown into a scary dark world bathed in tears felt heartbroken rather than complaining，he tended to her to carry her through the tough times Susan's tension was eased and despair was replaced by confidence to her husband she regained whispered 三维 三层 考点 语基 课时分层作业 必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES $$