第2部分 板块1 第1讲 名词和数词-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（人教版）

第二部分　语法考点突破 板块一　词形的变换 第1讲 高考典题 1．sixth　2．interviews　3．watchtowers　4．seasons　5．numbers 考点一 对点冲关训练 1．pianos　2．mice　3．teeth　4．copies　5．roofs　6．wolves　7．passers-by　8．phenomena　9．stomachs　10．heroes 考点二 对点冲关训练 1．barber's　2．Today's　3．parents'　4．moment's　5．child's　6．hour's　7．earth's　8．stone's 考点三 对点冲关训练 1．second　2．thousands　3．twice　4．eightieth　5．ninth　6．fifth　7．twelfth　8．thirds 82 / 106 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 板块一　词形的变换 第1讲　名词和数词 题型 高考典题 命题角度 语 法 填 空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the ______(six) century B．C． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ___________(interview) in English with international journalists． 3．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and ____________(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines． 4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，they learned to work with the ________(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields． 5．(2020·浙江1月卷)For Japan，the ________ (number) are more striking—22 in 1950，46 today and 53 in 2050． 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式； 2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。 　名词的数 1．名词单数变复数的规则变化 规则变化 例词 一般情况加-s map→maps；girl→girls；house→houses 以-th结尾的，加-s month→months；truth→truths 以-s，-x，-sh，-ch 结尾的，加-es class→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches 注意：stomach(胃)的复数是 stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen 以“辅音字母＋y”结 尾的，变y为i再加-es city→cities；country→countries； party→parties；factory→factories 注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys 以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的，一般加-es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes 注意：1．少数名词加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s 2．少数名词只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos 以“元音字母＋o”结尾的，加-s radio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos 以-f，-fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加-es half→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives； life→lives；knife→knives 注意：1．也有的直接加-s， 如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs 2．还存在有两种复数形式的， 如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law passer-by→passers-by storyteller→storytellers go-between→go-betweens grown-up→grown-ups 2．名词单数变复数的不规则变化 变化情况 例词 特殊变化 child→children；foot→feet； tooth→teeth；mouse→mice； 特殊变化 man→men；woman→women 注意：由man或woman构成的 合成词，其复数形式也是-men和 -women，如an Englishman→two Englishmen；但German不是合 成词，故复数形式为Germans 有些名词的单复数有不同的 拼写方法 细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数) 1．The _______ (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper, but they are not as good． 2．The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by _____ (mouse) and rats． 3．Here he sat, with his pipe between his ______(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees． 4．Police were reported to have seized all _______(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper． 5．The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and ______(roof) in the cold and freezing winter． 6．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that _______ (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets． 7．I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with ____________(passer-by)． 8．The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural __________ (phenomenon) and farming activities． 9．An ant has two _________ (stomach), of which one holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants． 10．Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the _______(hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people． 　名词的所有格 变化规则 例子 有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。 his father's boss 他爸爸的老板 表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的名词后可加-'s。 today's paper 今天的报纸 England's shore 英国的海岸 the car's design 这辆车的设计 在某些习惯用语中，名词要加-'s。 a stone's throw 近在咫尺 keep sb at arm's length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人 be at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷 如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。 Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系) Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈) 双重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人。 a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of Mary's 玛丽的两张照片 表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等词常省略。 at the doctor's (office)在诊所里 at the barber's (shop)在理发店 at Mr Green's (house)在格林先生家 1．Tom goes to the _________(barber) to have his hair cut every third week． 2．“________ (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said． 3．The article concludes that _________ (parents) education affects their children's future． 4．After a _________(moment) hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger． 5．Studies show that a ________ (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment． 6．It's about an _______ (hour) drive from our school to the city centre, but it takes more time at weekends． 7．Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the ________(earth) surface in the form of heat． 8．We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a ________ (stone) throw away from the railway station for the sake of convenience． 　数词——基数词和序数词 1．基数词变序数词的规则 一、二、三 one→first，two→second，three→third 从四起加-th four→fourth，five→fifth... eight少个t eight→eighth nine删除e nine→ninth -ve用f代替 five→fifth，twelve→twelfth -ty变成tie twenty→twentieth 2．分数/倍数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词 1/3：one third 分子大于1，分母用复数 2/5：two fifths 两倍，两次；三倍，三次 twice；three times 1．Saturn is the _______(two) biggest planet in the solar system． 2．It's reported that __________(thousand) of antelopes are killed for their fur each year． 3．If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus ______(two) the size can hold! 4．Some men are old at sixty-five; others are still as lively as crickets in their __________(eighty)． 5．Next season will be my ______(nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract． 6．Then, when I was in the ______(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much． 7．On his ________(twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat, saying, “I don't think it's right to eat animals．” 8．Today, experts believe that nearly two _______(three) of the world's population live within eighty kilometres of the seacoast． 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$