第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（人教版）

SPACE EXPLORATION 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·佛山质量检测)I wanted to express my heartfelt gratitude to him but words got stuck in my throat． 2．(行为描写)(2024·镇江调研测试)He nodded and exchanged a determined glance with her，which timely put her heart back in place． 3．(人物描写)(2024·唐山强化考试)Slim and beautiful，she was the centre of the home，the glue that held it together． (2024·十堰调研考试)Seeing his grandsons，Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain．A helpless expression flashed on his face．Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and maybe couldn't stand up on his own forever． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．_______ vt．& n．发射；发起；上市 2．______ n．轨道；势力范围 vt．&vi．沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 3．_______ vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号；示意 n．信号；标志 4．________ vt．回收利用；再利用 5．_____ n．缺乏；短缺 vt．没有；缺乏 6．_______ n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 7．______ vi．浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt．使浮动；使漂流 8．________ n．监视器；监测仪 vt．监视；监测；监控 9．_________ n．资源；财力；物力 10．_________ n．设施；设备 11．________ n．模式；图案；模范 1．He pointed to the chair in front of him，_____________________(signal) to the interviewee to sit． 2．After mail service stops due to extreme weather，the _________(agency) top priority is ensuring that employees are safe． 3．For those ____(lack) self-confidence，this special training program will be of great benefit． 4．China is already one of the only three nations _________________(launch) manned spacecraft on their own． 5．We float around in the air and the slightest touch may send us _________ (float) off in the opposite direction． 6．We would make 100 cans to start with, and then replace them over and over again with _________(recycle) cans． 7．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other __________(resource) used to grow it． 8．An asteroid is basically a small rocky object _________(orbit) the sun，smaller than a planet or a dwarf planet． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．intelligence n．智力；智慧→____________ adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 2．disappoint vt．使失望→_____________ adj．失望的；沮丧的→______________ adj．令人失望的；令人沮丧的→_______________ n．失望；沮丧 3．depend vi．依靠；依赖；取决于→__________ adj．依赖的；依靠的→____________ adv．依赖地；从属地；有瘾地→___________ n．依赖；依靠→_____________ n．独立；自主→____________ adj．独立的；自立的→______________ adv．独立地；自立地 4．regular adj．定期的；经常的；正常的 n．常客；老主顾→__________ adv．经常；定期地 5．limit vt．限制；限定n．界限；限度→________ adj．有限的→___________ n．起限制作用的规则；限制；局限 1．Children are not born with equal _____________，but dull ones can become as ____________ as others if taught properly．(intelligent) 2．To many people's _______________，the swimmer's performance in the 1，500-meter freestyle at the 2020 Olympic Games was really ______________．But he himself wasn't _____________ not to have reached the final，saying that he decided to train even harder and would not ___________ his fans in the next game．(disappoint) 3．__________ on a survey，Tunisia cannot even produce basic daily products ______________，and the country's economic growth has been heavily __________ on tourism since its _____________．(depend) 4．The Browns are _________ at our restaurant，who come here for supper __________．Of course，we give these ________ customers a discount on all their orders．(regular) 5．Wei Fang knows that frequently taking weight loss pills may have ________ ____．To lose weight，the only thing she can do is to have her diet ________ to fruits and vegetables．(limit) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．_________继续做；坚持干 2．_________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3．_________________________抱着……的希望 4．____________________为了；以便 5．___________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6．____________所以；结果(是) 7．_______________为某人提供生活所需 8．________用完；耗尽 1．She'd have enough money __________ _____ her children until she could find work． 2．I'm afraid you will miss the deadline，as time is ____________． 3．College is when we should focus on a specific major，but high school is when we have to ___________ what we'll major in． 4．The climbers kept on moving upward _______________ reaching the top with one last effort． 5．They decided ____________ with their experiment despite the strong opposition from some other scientists． 6．The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others _________． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．过去分词短语作伴随状语 Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface． 接着，伴随着一阵欢快的脚步声，一个高大挺拔的身影出现了。 Then came a tall and straight figure，_______________________________ _______________________________．(续写之人物描写) 2．waste time/money doing sth Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space． 许多人认为，浪费时间和精力玩网络游戏是很不明智的。 Many people argue that it doesn't make sense _____________________________ ______________________．(应用文之建议信) 1．determine vt．查明；确定；决定 ①(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A computer system will analyze the video ____________ (determine) whether a cow is sick． ②(2021·浙江1月卷)Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides，but I was determined _________(prove) my point． ③(2021·浙江6月卷)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and ______________(determine)． 决定我们人生的不是我们身上发生了什么，而是我们如何看待所发生的事情。 It's not what happens to us __________________________—it's what we make of what happens． ◎determine to do sth决定做某事 ◎be determined to do sth决心做某事 ◎determined adj．有决心的；意志坚定的 ◎determination n．决心 ◎with determination坚决地 ◎be determined to make it to the top决心要出人头地 ◎make a determined effort to stop smoking下定决心戒烟 ◎wear a bright and determined smile面带灿烂而坚定的微笑 2．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望 ①It was his desire ____ wealth that led to his ending up in prison． ②We all desire __________(create) a peaceful and stable environment for economic development． ③(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Publishers already in business，people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire __________(change) the tradition． (2021·浙江6月卷)他让我们看到，即便是一个愿望，只要永不言弃，也能成就非凡的人生。 He showed us that _____________________，never given up on，can make for __________________． ◎have a desire for.../to do...渴望……/渴望做…… ◎desire to do sth渴望做某事 ◎desire sb to do sth想要某人做某事 ◎desirable adj．向往的；可取的；值得做的 ◎It is desirable that...(should) do sth做某事是可取的 ◎achieve the desired effect达到预期效果 ◎satisfy your desire to keep learning满足你不断学习的愿望 ◎a highly desirable destination for food lovers美食爱好者非常向往的目的地 3．argue vt．& vi．[课本义]论证；争辩；争论　[增补义]主张；认为；说服 ①Gun control is a subject ___________ which Americans have argued for a long time． ②His parents finally argued him out of _______(take) the risky journey across the desert． ③(2021·北京卷)This means that resolving an _________(argue) can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed． (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Of the students surveyed，most believe that watching English movies or listening to English songs is the best approach to learning English _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(少数人则认为他们更偏好于阅读英文书籍或定期访问英语学习网站)． ◎argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事 ◎argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 ◎argue for/against (doing) sth据理力争/反对(做)某事 ◎argue that...主张……；认为…… ◎argument n．争论；争吵；论点 ◎argue against lifting the ban反对解除禁令 ◎keep arguing about some minor matters为一些小事争论不休 ◎argue her into buying an expensive necklace说服她买了一条昂贵的项链 4．attach vt．[课本义]系；绑；贴　[增补义]重视；认为很重要或有意义 ①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)She's trying to come up with a label to attach ___ nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly． ②In my view，more importance should be attached to ___________(prevent) financial risks． ③Her child was _________(attach) to screens to the point where she was able to say “chocolate” into his ear without getting a response． (普通表达)Since the school thinks this event is very important，we must try our best to win the gold medal． (高级表达)Since the school _____________________________ this event，we must try our best to win the gold medal． ◎attach...to...把……附在/贴在/固定在……上 ◎attach oneself to sb缠着某人 ◎attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 ◎attached adj．依恋的；附属的 ◎be attached to依恋；爱慕；附属于 ◎attach your photo to the application form把你的照片贴在申请表上 ◎attach importance to developing green economy重视发展绿色经济 ◎be attached to his family and friends热爱他的家人和朋友 5．result in导致；造成 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，__________(result) in a more accurate estimate． ②The survey shows these policies have resulted in many elderly people __________(suffer) hardship． ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won't result ___ a useful response． 即使是像在小区里散步这样简单的事情，如果你处理得当，也会带来一丝兴奋或不寻常的刺激。 Even something as simple as a walk through your neighbourhood can ______________________________________________________ if you play the cards right． ◎result in (sb) doing sth导致/使(某人)做某事 ◎result from (doing) sth是(做)某事造成的；因(做)某事而产生的结果 ◎lead to导致；引起 ◎bring about导致；引起 ◎give rise to导致；引起 ◎result in big benefits带来巨大的好处 ◎result in $3 million in economic loss造成300万美元的经济损失 ◎result in his daughter running away from home导致他女儿离家出走 6．[教材原句]Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers．仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)________(sit) on a branch，he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive． ②__________(believe) the earth to be flat，many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth． ③_________(compare) with the high cost of western medicine，the traditional Chinese medicine has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford． 走在回家的路上，孩子们一路放声高歌，大声欢笑着。 ________________________，the children sang and laughed loudly all the time． 分词短语放在句首，一般是作时间、原因、条件状语。动词-ing形式作状语时，分词动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，分词动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Thinking that his solution was impractical，I attempted to work out the problem in a different way．考虑到他的解决方案不切实际，我试图用另一种方法来解决此问题。 7．[教材原句]Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind．” 八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。” ①(2021·全国甲卷)A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，_________(shout)：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” ②(2021·全国乙卷)My colleague refused to accept it，_______(say) that we were all just doing our job． 他们会冲进来，说他们的手提包被偷了。 They'll come rushing in，________________________________________． 动词-ing形式常常在句子中充当伴随状语，此时，分词动作与句子的谓语动作是同时发生的，并且分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系。 Internet users have broadly welcomed the move，saying this is a blessing for Chinese students who want to enter the university．互联网用户普遍欢迎这一举措，称这是希望进入该大学的中国学生的福音。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Mike left home，___________(determine) never to come back until he made a fortune． 2．Avoid ________(argue) with your parents about your career choices and try to find a solution peacefully． 3．At first we didn't feel we belong here，but now we _____________(attach) to the land we live on． 4．The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk，_______(add) that he had enjoyed his stay here． 5．More than 200 stores will be closed nationwide，__________(result) in the layoffs of an estimated 2，000 employees． 6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改)The GPNP's main goal is to eventually achieve a ________(desire) level of population in the wild． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．The tiny rocket attached ___ the craft is designed to push the craft towards Mars． 2．It took the delivery boy over half an hour to argue the customer _____ withdrawing his complaint． 3．When my daughter Becky was ten，she and my husband，Joe，were united in their desire ____ a dog． 4．The industrial revolution resulting _____ the invention of the steam engine is important for modern people． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Johnson struggles to earn a lot of money because he has six children ___________ (provide) for． 2．I was beginning to feel alarm，but kept it to myself so as not _________(worry) my two friends． 3．Light，the fastest thing ______(know) in the universe，takes over 4 years to reach the nearest star system． 4．The policeman signaled to me ________(pull) over and then gave me a speeding ticket． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．A small mistake can lead to an accident ___________ kills everyone on board the spaceship． 2．Obviously，exploring space has already made a difference in ____ fight against world hunger． 3．These disasters made scientists sad and disappointed，____ the desire to explore the universe never died． 4．Some people argue that we should find immediate solutions ___ problems like pollution and fatal diseases． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond． __ A．其他地方　　　B．除……之外　　　C．在另一边 2．(2021·八省新高考模拟演练)In return for a food reward one bear，Brutus，would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose． __ A．模式 　　　 B．模范 　　　　 C．图案 3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”． __ A．频繁 　　　 B．常客 　　　　C．定期 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：And in contrast to...networked lives...，a printed book still offers the chance of...。句中的in contrast to...是介词短语作_____，后面的where引导出一个_____从句，修饰lives。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The plan will extend protection to...areas...，bringing many...areas...under one authority to...。句中的that引出一个_____从句，bringing...under one authority是动词-ing形式短语作_____状语，后面的不定式to increase...and reduce...在句中作_____状语。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Uranus wasn't 1．____________(universal) accepted as a planet until two years after its discovery．It is the 2．________(seven) planet discovered in the solar system，which also resulted in the discovery of the last planet，Neptune．Uranus，3．_______(have) 27 known natural satellites，is commonly referred to as an ice giant，with its mass roughly 14.5 times that of Earth．It orbits the sun in a rather unusual manner，being the only planet 4．______ equator is nearly at a right angle to its orbit．Uranus is 5．_______(hot) at its equator than at its poles．Due to the lack of sufficient evidence，astronomers haven't yet figured out why this is so．Uranus's atmosphere 6．________(appear) relatively bland in comparison to the other giant planets，especially to Neptune whom it otherwise closely resembles．However，new data 7．_________(analyse) shows that the planet has a dynamic weather pattern，revealing 8．___ astonishing amount of complexity in Uranus's atmosphere．Images from Voyager 2，the most successful vehicle for deep space missions ever 9．_________(launch) and the first spacecraft to fly by Uranus，have confirmed that there are traces of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in its atmosphere，10．____ so far no image of the presence of oxygen has been provided． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①2020年12月17日凌晨1时59分，中国发射的嫦娥五号飞船携带装满月球样本的容器成功返回。 At 1：59 a.m．on December 17, 2020, Chang'e 5, __________________________ _____, successfully returned home ____________________________________． ②这一成就标志着中国雄心勃勃的月球探测计划又向前迈进了一步。 This achievement _____________________________________________________ to explore the moon． ③我们渴望拥有更大的航天工具，能把我们的宇航员送上月球。 ________________________________________ that can transport our astronauts to the moon． ④将会有更多我们自主研发的航天器继续进行太空探索，以期揭开更多的宇宙秘密。 More of our ________________________ spacecraft will ______________ space exploration __________________________ more secrets of the universe． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于情感描写的词汇 用于人物描写的词汇 disappointed; float; keen argue; lack; signal; provide for; leap Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 我和妈妈大吵一番，然后摔门而出。既失望又沮丧，我感觉自己像漂浮在伤心的海洋中。后来，我饿了，但当时没有钱。幸运的是，一个卖面条的女人很热心，想帮助我。她亲切地笑着跟我打招呼，示意我坐下，然后请我吃了一碗热气腾腾的面条。我感动得流下了眼泪，抱怨妈妈对我太残忍。那位妇女叹了口气，说：“姑娘，再想想，你妈妈从你出生起就一直在抚养你！你为什么不感激呢？”直到那时我才意识到我是多么地蠢。我一跃而起，擦去眼泪，飞快地朝家跑去。 After _____________________________，I stormed out of the house，slamming the door heavily．____________________________，I felt like __________________ ______________．Later，I got hungry，but ____________________．Thankfully，a woman who sold noodles _________________．She greeted me with a kind smile，___________________________ and treated me to a steaming bowl of noodles．I was moved to tears，________________________________________．The woman sighed，“Girl，think again．Your mother ___________________________ ever since you were born! Why aren't you grateful？” Only then _____________________ ______________．I _________________，wiped off my tears and rushed back home like the wind． 2 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　UNIT 4 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．launch　2．orbit　3．signal　4．recycle　5．lack　6．agency　7．float　8．monitor　9．resource　10．facility　11．pattern 语境运用 1．signaling/signalling　2．agency's　3．lacking　4．to have launched　5．floating　6．recycled　7．resources　8．orbiting 派生单词 1．intelligent　2．disappointed；disappointing；disappointment　3．dependent；dependently；dependence；independence；independent；independently　4．regularly　5．limited；limitation 语境运用 1．intelligence；intelligent　2．disappointment；disappointing；disappointed；disappoint　3．Depending；independently；dependent；independence　4．regulars；regularly；regular　5．limitations；limited 高频短语 1．carry on　2．on board　3．in the hope of doing sth　4．so as to (do sth)　5．figure out　6．as a result　7．provide for sb　8．run out 语境运用 1．to provide for　2．running out　3．figure out　4．in the hope of　5．to carry on　6．on board 写作佳句背诵 1．accompanied by a burst of cheerful footsteps　2．wasting time and energy playing online games 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①to determine　②to prove　③determination [完美写作]that determines our lives 2．①for　②to create　③to change [完美写作]even a single desire；a remarkable life 3．①about/over　②taking　③argument [完美写作]while a few argue that reading books written in English or visiting English learning websites on a regular basis is their preference 4．①to　②preventing　③attached [完美写作]attaches great importance to 5．①resulting　②suffering　③in [完美写作]result in either mild excitement or unusual adventure 6．①Sitting　②Believing　③Compared [完美写作]Walking on the way home 7．①shouting　②saying [完美写作]saying that their handbag's been stolen 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．determined　2．arguing　3．are attached　4．adding　5．resulting　6．desired Ⅱ．1．to　2．into　3．for　4．from 层级二 Ⅰ．1．to provide　2．to worry　3．known　4．to pull Ⅱ．1．that/which　2．the　3．but　4．to 层级三 Ⅰ．1．A　2．C　3．B Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：状语　定语 尝试翻译：在日益网络化的生活中，我们消费的信息受到监控和跟踪，与此形成鲜明对比的是，印刷的书籍仍然提供完全私密的“离线”活动的可能性。 2．化繁为简：定语　伴随　目的 尝试翻译：该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未受保护的地区。为了提高效率，减少管理上的不协调，将由一个官方机构统一管理许多现有的大熊猫保护区。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．universally　2．seventh　3．having　4．whose　5．hotter　6．appears　7．analysis　8．an　9．launched　10．but 维度二 Step 1． ①a spacecraft launched by China；with a container filled with lunar samples　②signaled one step further in China's ambitious program　③We desire to have larger space vehicles ④independently developed；carry on with；in the hope of uncovering Step 2． At 1：59 a.m．on December 17, 2020, Chang'e 5, a spacecraft launched by China, successfully returned home with a container filled with lunar samples．This achievement signaled one step further in China's ambitious program to explore the moon．Now, we desire to have larger space vehicles that can transport our astronauts to the moon．In the future, more of our independently developed spacecraft will carry on with space exploration in the hope of uncovering more secrets of the universe． 维度三 Step 2． arguing fiercely with my mom；Disappointed and frustrated；floating in an ocean of sadness；I lacked money then；was keen to help；signaled to me to sit down；complaining that my mom was cruel to me；has been providing for you；did I realise how silly I had been；leapt to my feet 82 / 106 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十五) Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) What Is Your Pet Trying to Tell You Animals want our attention，and sometimes they're quite obviously about asking for it．Unusual behaviors are often our pets' way of telling us to stop what we're doing and play with them．It's why Fido constantly chases his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around．A desperately bored pet may have “bad” behaviors to get a reaction—even a negative one! Feed me． Sure，your dog loves you，but that's not why he's licking(舔) your face．A puppy learns to lick his mother's mouth to get a little leftover food．So Spot isn't kissing you；he just wants a snack． I'm stressed． Cat owners also misinterpret their furry friends' kisses．While a cat might lick you to show love，sometimes she'll do it to ease herself．One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is to see if it goes on for an extended period of time．Birds also overclean when they feel anxious．Some will even drag out their own feathers． My tail tells all． Dogs wag(摇) their tails to the right when they see something or someone they want to approach，and to the left when they see something they want to avoid．When frightened，dogs curl their tails in，while cats wrap theirs around themselves．And if a cat's tail looks like a question mark，she's eager to play． 1．What does a dog show if it kisses its owner? A．Hunger．　　　　 B．Love． C．Fear． D．Sadness． 2．How many kinds of pets are mentioned in the text? A．Two． B．Three． C．Four． D．Five． 3．What will happen if birds get anxious? A．They will drag others' feathers． B．They will approach someone they like． C．They will clean their feathers more than necessary． D．They will stare at their owners for a longer time． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·惠州市调研考试)Cash Daniels spends several hours every week cleaning up cans and bottles in the rivers near his home with other teen environmentalists in Chattanooga, TN．Together, they have collected more than 1 ton of aluminum cans, nearly 1，000 cans a week for a year．In January, he co-founded a club called The Cleanup Kids with his best friend．The project's mission: to encourage kids to pick up 1 million pounds of trash across the globe before the end of the year． Daniels says he first developed a passion for wildlife when he was 3．“As far back as I can remember, I've always loved animals，” Daniels says． Marine life especially interests him． When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family, he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures． His mission now is saving the earth's rivers, which he points out are even more polluted than the world's oceans．“Eighty percent of the ocean's trash comes from rivers，” he says．In 2019, he adopted the name The Conservation Kid on social media, and started posting things like how something as simple as a deserted face mask can entangle (缠住), choke, and kill turtles，birds, and fish． Mask waste has increased about 9，000% since 2019． Although he mostly speaks to other teens, Daniels has found that adults are often persuaded by his argument that cleaning up, recycling, and getting rid of plastic ought to be an egocentric(以自我为中心的) act for humanity: when plastics break down, they can wind up in our drinking water．He has met with the mayor of his city, and his experiences of speaking with influential grown-ups have convinced him that adults can change their habits． But, in truth, the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him．“Kids may be a small percent of the population, but we're 100% of the future，” he says．“And we can save the world．” 4．What led to the birth of Daniels' project? A．The inspiration from his best friend． B．The goal to make a role model for kids． C．The concern for the ocean life． D．The idea of other teen environmentalists． 5．Which can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．The ocean's trash has grown rapidly． B．The river pollution requires less attention． C．Mask waste is the major cause of river pollution． D．River waste contributes most to the ocean's trash． 6．Which of the following can best describe Cash Daniels? A．Optimistic and creative． B．Caring and responsible． C．Considerate and generous． D．Courageous and devoted． 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．Grown-ups' selfish behavior for humanity． B．A teenager's contributions to saving the waters． C．A youngster's responsibility to protect the world． D．Teen environmentalists' efforts to clean the oceans． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·福建省七市质检)Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放物)．This dream may soon be a reality．A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn't produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air． The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology．Called “ZEM”， which stands for “zero emission mobility”， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives．The team says if ZEM is driven about 32，000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air．That's not a huge amount．The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time．However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology．And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge． ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: The car's frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials；it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused．ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: It can be charged with solar panels on the car's roof, and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn't on the road． According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020, and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%．The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry : If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too． 8．What is special about ZEM? A．It can end the world's CO2 release． B．It can cut the truck's CO2 emissions． C．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air． D．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2． 9．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2? A．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars． B．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do． C．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making． D．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market． 10．What do we know about all the components of ZEM ? A．They are of high quality． B．They are easy to process． C．They are convenient to print． D．They are environmentally friendly． 11．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future? A．Sharp decline in fuel consumption． B．Mass production of ZEM cars． C．Big success in beating other car makers． D．Dramatic changes in transportation． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·潍坊市模拟)Columbia high school girls' soccer team had lost every game in the season until a new 1 stepped in two years ago． Stuart Henley，a former soccer player and now a truck driver, 2 the team and started training hard in February 2020．He 3 the progress of the girls to team-building activities to help them bond on and off the field．He focused on the basics of football like passing, 4 ，and movement to try and bring the girls up to a good standard．His 5 ：coaches could give them guidelines，but girls 6 what they felt they needed to work on． Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season．They 7 the skills they had learned and teamwork into their 8 ，which led them to an 9 run of eight games，until they were sadly beaten 3-2 by Wyrley Pumas Team．Although this means they have been 10 the league title，the team have still exceeded (超出)expectation by earning the 11 to the county's top division． “Whatever brings you down will 12 make you stronger，especially for girls．” Captain Chelsea said，“Stuart has really 13 our girls the philosophy of playing soccer．We're going into next season full of confidence and ready to compete against tougher 14 ，but for now we're still very much enjoying our 15 ．” 1．A．player　　　　 B．driver C．colleague D．coach 2．A．recognized B．rewarded C．reorganized D．founded 3．A．applied B．preferred C．credited D．adjusted 4．A．shooting B．cheering C．walking D．observing 5．A．principle B．dream C．plan D．virtue 6．A．found B．decided C．watched D．liked 7．A．turned B．divided C．integrated D．translated 8．A．styles B．training C．rules D．games 9．A．embarrassing B．unlucky C．intense D．unbeaten 10．A．awarded B．denied C．saved D．limited 11．A．promotion B．approach C．solution D．contribution 12．A．hopefully B．officially C．fortunately D．eventually 13．A．brought B．taught C．left D．reserved 14．A．participants B．winners C．opponents D．partners 15．A．harmony B．victory C．company D．dignity Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) 假定你是李华，你校英语报School Daily正在征集有关志愿者工作经历的稿件。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．曾经的志愿者工作经历； 2．志愿者工作的感受与收获。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十五) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种宠物表达某些想法时的一些行为表现。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据Feed me．部分中的“A puppy learns to lick his mother's mouth to get a little leftover food．So Spot isn't kissing you；he just wants a snack．”可知，小狗亲吻它的主人是想要告诉主人它饿了。故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段提到的 dog，第三段提到的 cat 和 birds可知，文中一共提到三种宠物。故选B。] 3．C　[根据I'm stressed．部分中的“Birds also overclean when they feel anxious．Some will even drag out their own feathers．”可知，鸟感到焦虑时，它们会过度清洁自己的羽毛，有些鸟甚至会拔掉自己的羽毛。故选C。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了少年Cash Daniels拯救水资源的故事。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Cash Daniels和其他青少年环保主义者一起，每周花几个小时清理家附近河流里的罐子和瓶子。在1月，他和他最好的朋友共同创立了一个名为The Cleanup Kids的俱乐部。该项目的使命是：鼓励孩子们年底前在全球捡100万磅的垃圾。再根据第二段的“‘As far back as I can remember，I've always loved animals，’ Daniels... his favorite sea creatures．”可知，Daniels对海洋生物特别感兴趣。当他和家人在河边散步发现垃圾时，他立刻想到了他最喜欢的海洋生物。由此可知，对海洋生物的担忧促使了Daniels这个项目的诞生。故选C项。] 5．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Eighty percent of the ocean's trash comes from rivers”可知，80%的海洋垃圾来自河流。由此可推知，河流垃圾是海洋垃圾的最主要来源。故选D项。] 6．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“Marine life especially interests him... his favorite sea creatures．”可知，当Daniels在河边发现垃圾时，他会立马想起他最喜欢的海洋生物。由此可推知，他关爱动物；再根据Daniels与其他青少年环保主义者一起清理家附近河流里的罐子和瓶子、与好朋友成立俱乐部、鼓励孩子们捡垃圾并意识到孩子们肩负着拯救地球的重任等可知，他是有责任心的。故选B项。] 7．B　[主旨大意题。文章围绕Daniels创立俱乐部The Cleanup Kids的原因和使命来展开描述，记叙了他从小喜欢海洋生物，看到垃圾对水资源造成污染时决定采取行动，为拯救水资源而努力；同时他号召成年人改变习惯，呼吁青少年主动担当。由此可知，本文主要讲述了一个少年为拯救水资源、保护河流所做的贡献。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫作ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车在驾驶时不仅不产生二氧化碳，而且还可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Called ‘ZEM’， which stands for ‘zero emission mobility’， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives．”可知，这种汽车在行驶过程中可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。由此可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项。] 9．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology．And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge．”可知，研究团队计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明ZEM汽车的卓越前景。故选A项。] 10．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: The car's frame and panels are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused．ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature...”可知，ZEM的一些创新有助于使其更具可持续性，且ZEM的零部件都是环保、可回收利用的。故选D项。] 11．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers are expected to adopt these innovations, too．”可知，该团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，想刺激汽车制造商未来能大批量生产ZEM这样的车。由此可推知，该团队希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产。故选B项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了曾经屡战屡败的哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在新教练Stuart Henley的带领下，在新的赛季不但获得亚军，还晋级了高一级的联赛。 1．D　[根据下文的“He... to team-building activities to help them bond on and off the field... His ________：coaches could give them guidelines...”可知，球队换教练(coach)了。] 2．C　[根据上文的“Columbia high school ...two years ago．”可知，哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在赛季中输掉了每一场比赛，直到两年前新教练上任。由此可知，新教练走马上任，对球队进行了整改(reorganized)。] 3．C　[根据第一段的“Columbia high school ...two years ago．”可知，足球队不再输掉比赛，说明她们在进步，队员们进行团建活动是促使她们在球场上进步的原因。credit ...to ...“认为是……的功劳，把……归于……”。] 4．A　[根据常识可知，想在比赛中立于不败之地，队员的各项基本技能都得提高，射门(shooting)是其中的一项。] 5．A　[根据语境可知，新教练是个有想法的人，他的原则(principle)是：教练可以给球员指导方针，但球员们需要自己决定自己的训练内容。] 6．B　[教练针对以前屡战屡败的情况给出自己的指导意见，由队员们确定自己的不足之处，自己确定(decided)加强训练的内容。] 7．C　[新教练的指导意见被队员们采纳，她们学以致用，在比赛中默契配合。integrate ...into ...“把……融入……”，符合语境。] 8．D　[根据上文的“Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season．”可知，足球队参加了新赛季的比赛(games)。] 9．D　[这个赛季，前面她们打了八连胜，没有被对方打败(unbeaten)过。D项符合语境。] 10．B　[她们将学到的技能和团队合作融入到比赛中，这使她们取得了八场不败的战绩，直到她们不幸地被威利美洲狮队以3：2击败。由此可知，新赛季中，这支球队得了亚军，冠军头衔是威利美洲狮队的，deny sb．the league title“拒绝给某人联赛冠军头衔”，符合语境。] 11．A　[她们没能获得冠军，但也是亚军，有实力进入更高一级的联赛。promotion“晋升”符合语境。] 12．D　[曾经屡战屡败的一个球队，最终扬眉吐气走出了以往的阴霾，一举获得亚军。这说明“曾经打倒你的东西最终(eventually)让你更强大”。] 13．B　[作为教练的Stuart不仅督促队员们练习技能，更教会她们足球运动中的哲学。] 14．C　[尽管没能获得联赛冠军，但是球队还是超过了预期，将进入更高一级的联赛，迎来更加强大的对手(opponents)。C项符合语境。] 15．B　[一个曾经屡战屡败的球队，在赛季中获得亚军，还晋级到更高一级的比赛，就是一次值得庆祝的胜利(victory)。B项符合语境。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Last Saturday I worked as a volunteer in a children's hospital．I worked in the hall for the whole day and gave directions to the patients，telling them the exact way to each department．I also helped comfort kids，sending lovely toys to them． Though it was a tiring day，I felt really good after helping other people as much as I could．And from volunteering I have learned many things that I have never learned in class．Volunteering is of great benefit to those in need．I'd like to try different volunteer work in the future． 3 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十六) Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查二)Chinese society，basically agricultural，has always laid great stress on understanding the pattern of nature and living in harmony with it．The world of nature was seen as the visible expression of the workings of a higher power through the interaction of the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang．As Chinese art developed，its purpose turned to the expression of human understanding of these forces，in the form of painting of landscapes，bamboo，birds，and flowers． Particularly in early times，art also had social and moral functions．The earliest wall paintings referred to in ancient texts often described merciful emperors，officials，and their evil opposites as examples and warnings to the living．Human relationships have always been of great importance in China，and a common theme of figure painting is that of gentlemen enjoying staying together or of the depressing partings and infrequent reunions．Among the typical themes of traditional Chinese art，there is no place for war，violence or death．No theme would be accepted in traditional Chinese art that was not inspiring，noble，or refreshing to the spirit． In the broadest sense，therefore，all traditional Chinese art is symbolic，for everything that is painted reflects some aspects of what the painter is aware of．Bamboo suggests the spirit of the person，which can be bent by circumstance but never broken．The dragon is the wholly kind-hearted symbol of the emperor；the crane(鹤)symbolizes long life；and paired mandarin ducks symbolize wedded loyalty．Popular among the many symbols drawn from the plant world are the orchid(兰花)，a symbol of purity；the plum blossom(梅花)，which comes out even in the snow and stands for uncontrollable purity，in either a revolutionary political or a spiritual sense；and the pine tree，which may represent either survival in a fierce political environment or the unconquerable spirit of old age． 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The art．　　　　 B．The painting． C．The theme． D．The relationship． 2．Which of the following best describes the typical themes of traditional Chinese art? A．Violent and alarming． B．Material and instructive． C．True-to-life and educative． D．Positive and inspiring． 3．How does the author introduce traditional Chinese art in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples． B．By making comparisons． C．By analyzing causes． D．By following time order． 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Role of Traditional Chinese Art B．Agriculture and Traditional Chinese Art C．Significance and Value of Traditional Chinese Art D．Characteristic Themes and Symbols of Traditional Chinese Art Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·潍坊市统考)We've all been there—you've sent a message and it's marked “read”，but you haven't heard anything back．What's the deal？In 2011，the word“rbomb” was added to the Urban Dictionary，meaning：not responding to or ignoring a message after reading it，often deliberately．“Rbomb”is common，so learn to be wise． 1 Here are a few tips． Expect the best．Remind yourself that the person is probably just busy．Ask yourself if you actually know their schedule．There could be some time commitments you aren't aware of． 2 They want to give you a longer response but can't right now．They put their phone away to focus on work or school．They accidentally forgot to reply．Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn't actually text you． Resist the temptation(诱惑)to double-text． 3 If you send a lot of follow-up texts，it'll be hard for them to keep up and they might get stressed．Leave them with just one text to catch up on—the other person will probably appreciate your patience． 4 See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify．It's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little unclear—it happens！You might feel relieved because you found something that was easy to misread． Put your phone away． 5 Don't let it upset or confuse you．If you get your mind off any notifications，you'll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time． A．Read over your previous messages． B．Fix your attention closely on text responses． C．Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind． D．They finished writing the text but failed to send it． E．Give them a little space so they have a chance to reply． F．The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response． G．You can keep social media from bothering your three-dimensional life． Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·济南市统一检测)Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure artworks．They carried good and lucky 1．________ (mean) and were possessed of high value，driving numerous people to protect them． However，the huge number of these decorations increases the difficulty of conservation efforts．Fortunately，many Chinese artists have been considering various ways to pass down this culture 2．________ the next generation．Huang Qingsui, 3．________ Zhuang ethnic art designer，numbers among these artists．He started collecting decorative patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013 that now 4．________(contain) more than 20，000 traditional decorations． Managing the database consists of three steps．The first is collecting these traditional patterns through various channels，including investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been passed down or 5．________(contact) museums and experts．After tracking down a decorative pattern，Huang and his team take photos and 6．________ (digital) reproduce the patterns on computer．During the process，they often need to restore damaged patterns，especially 7．________ it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded or misshapen．The last step involves collecting the data and checking and correcting any mistakes 8．________ may have occurred during the earlier steps． The beauty 9．________ (hold) in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find 10．________ (they) own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works． Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A poor boy named Howard Kelly made his living by selling newspapers from door to door to pay his way through school．After a full day of hard work，he had only too little bit of change left to get some food． Starving and feeling low-spirited，he couldn't walk anymore．After going through some scenarios(情节) in his mind，he was hoping for some kindness from the people living in the next house where he decided to ask for a meal．As he approached the door and rang the bell，he kept practicing his words for his request． However，he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door．With much hesitation，he asked for a glass of water instead of a meal．The woman remembered seeing this young boy many times working hard going up and down the streets knocking on doors．She thought he looked hungry，so she brought him a large glass of milk instead of water．The boy drank it slowly and then asked how much he owed． “You don't owe me anything，” she replied with a gentle smile．“I know you helped many people in the neighborhood．Mother has taught us that kindness is repaid with kindness．Then thank you from my heart．” Right there and then，Howard felt stronger and more confident as he found some hope in this kind of action． Years later，that young woman became so critically ill that she was sent to a bigger city where specialists were called to study her rare disease．The expense was beyond what her family could cover，but no one gave up．Dr．Howard Kelly was called in for consultation．When he heard the name of the town she came from，a strange light filled his eyes．Immediately，he rose and went down the hall of the hospital to her room．Dressed in his doctor's gown he went in to see her． 注意：1．续写词数应为 150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 He recognized her at once，determining to save her life．________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ “Expense paid in full with one glass of milk．Dr．Howard．” she read the note．_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$