第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（人教版）

FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(人物描写)(2024·潍坊市模拟)I was like a leaf floating in a large pool peacefully，everything silent under water． 2．(神态描写)(2024·长春质量监测)She said heartily，and the smile on her face shone like a diamond． 3．(景物描写)(2024·肇庆适应性测试)Snow fell silently from the black sky and covered Grandpa's chair in a blanket of white． (2024·泰安市模拟)However，when another half an hour passed，my anger turned to fear．What if something terrible had happened to my dad，like he had a sudden heart attack or was caught in an accident，or something else? I began to get really worried，feeling like sitting on pins and needles． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．______ vi．& n．行进；前进；示威游行 2．_______ n．树枝；分支；支流 3．________ n．收获季节；收获；收成vi．& vt．收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 4．_______ vi．聚集；集合vt．聚集；搜集；收割 5．________ vt．以……为特色 6．_________ vt．装饰；装潢 7．__________ vt．象征；代表；相当于 8．_____ vt．鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声 9．________ n．&vt．尊敬；尊重 10．_________ n．典礼；仪式 11．_________ adj．感激的；表示感谢的 12．________ adj．典型的；有代表性的；平常的 1．The cake __________(decorate) to look like a car drew the attention of both of my children． 2．Next，Helen An tied several chopsticks together，_____________(represent) a family． 3．A group of soldiers came _________(march) over，leaving the villagers at a loss． 4．(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Amazingly，the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and _________(branch)，although close together，never actually touch those of another tree． 5．Some families face tough choices about whether __________(gather) for holiday meals or to go on their separate trips． 6．The hour-long programme will be updated each week，__________(feature) highlights from recent games． 7．The teacher ________(clap) her hands instantly she came in，calling the kids back to order． 8．Being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected ___________ (respect) this contract． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→__________ adj．宗教的；笃信宗教的 2．agriculture n．农业；农艺→_____________ adj．农业(劳动/生产)的 3．significant adj．有重大意义的；显著的→______________ adv．重大地；显著地→_____________ n．意义；重要性 4．believe vt．相信→_______ n．信仰；信心；信任→___________ adj．可信的→_____________ adj．难以置信的 5．occasion n．时机；机会；场合→___________ adj．偶然的→_____________ adv．偶然地；不时地 1．He doesn't believe in any _________，but he respects other people's ________ freedom．(religion) 2．As ____________ developed，_____________ ideas began to spread across Europe．(agriculture) 3．The new drug is ______________ effective，which is of great __________ ___ to the fight against the spread of the epidemic．(significant) 4．His story sounded ___________，but I didn't ________ a word of it in the _______ that what he had described was completely _____________．(believe) 5．That was my ___________ visit to the theme park，where I _____________ met my favourite cartoon characters． (occasion) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．________________穿上盛装；装扮 2．__________逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 3．____________不管；尽管 4．__________________利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 5．___________________ (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 6．____________坦白说；坦率地说 7．_______爆炸；走火；离开 8．___________除……之外 1．Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be ____________ because both sides refuse to compromise． 2．A bomb _________ in the crowded street，causing three deaths and many injuries． 3．If you're too trusting，some dishonest people will __________________ you． 4．She had had a particularly happy childhood ___________ the pains caused by her illness． 5．She suddenly found that she didn't have a necklace before she got ___________ for the ball． 6．English became the official language for business ____________ the fact that the local population was largely Chinese． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．no matter how... However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals． 不管这段经历多么的怪异，我至少明白了“三思而后行”这句格言的意义。 __________________________________________，I at least understood the meaning of this sentence: think before you leap．(续写之主题升华) 2．动词-ing形式作伴随状语 After singing some songs，the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles． 那些恶心的家伙从四面八方涌来，拉扯我的头发和衣服。 From every direction came those disgusting creatures，__________________________ _________．(续写之动作描写) 1．congratulate vt．向(某人)道贺； (因某事)为自己感到自豪 ①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person ___ the new home． ②I am writing to congratulate you most sincerely on your ______________(award) the first prize in the contest． ③Finally Green acknowledged losing the match and offered ________________ (congratulate) to his opponent． 祝贺他成功的短信和电话纷至沓来，令他脸上洋溢着光彩。 Text messages and phone calls poured in，__________________________________，and his face lit up like the sun． ◎congratulate sb on (doing) sth就……向某人祝贺；祝贺某人做了某事 ◎congratulate oneself on (doing) sth因(做了)某事而感到自豪 ◎congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜 ◎offer/send congratulations to sb on sth为某事向某人道贺 ◎congratulate him on the birth of his son祝贺他喜得贵子 ◎express my congratulations on your winning first place in the 100 metre dash祝贺你获得百米赛跑第一名 2．range n．一系列；范围、界限 vi．包括； (在一定范围内)变化 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ________(range) from 1：4 to 1：7 depending on the age group． ②That car，whose price is 30，000 dollars，is ____ of my range，so I have to give it up． ③(2021·全国乙卷)And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had __ range of words that express different grades of gratitude． 他有很多兴趣，从下棋到游泳。 ①He has a number of interests，______________________________________ _____．(定语从句) ②He has a number of interests，_______________________________________．(分词短语) ◎a wide range of广泛的；多种的；大范围的 ◎in/within range在射程以内；在范围内 ◎beyond/out of range在射程外；在范围外 ◎beyond/out of one's range某人能力达不到的 ◎range from...to.../between...and...包括从……到……之间；在……范围内变动 ◎offer a wide range of courses提供多种课程 ◎out of her range of vision在她的视线之外 ◎range in price from $3 to $15价格从3美元到15美元不等 3．figure [课本义]n．人物；数字；身材 vt．认为；认定　[增补义]n．轮廓；人影；图形 vi．是重要部分 ①The ________(figure) clearly show that China's international trade is growing steadily． ②Even the stars of Hollywood dream to put on a show there，_________(figure) that would be the pride of their art lives． ③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Behind it，the person is trying to figure ____ who exactly I teach...the animals? 一个小身影踉踉跄跄地走了出来，几乎要飞起来搂住杰克的脖子。 Stumbling out was _______________，almost flying to throw its arms around Jack's neck． ◎keep one's figure保持身材 ◎be/become a figure of fun成为笑柄 ◎figure out想出；理解；弄明白；看透 ◎figure that...估计；认为；认定 ◎a leading figure in the music industry音乐行业的领军人物 ◎a dim figure in the distance远处朦胧的身影 ◎go on a diet to keep her figure节食以保持身材 4．reflect [课本义] vt．显示；反映；反射　[增补义] vi．反思；思考 ①When the sun's rays hit the earth，a lot of heat _____________(reflect) back into space． ②(2021·浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty，and her house was a ___________(reflect) of herself，everything in good taste and in perfect order． ③(2020·天津5月卷)Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect ________ the social and economic life of the people living long time ago． 小船缓缓行驶在河上，群山静静地倒映在水中，如此景色令他无法言喻。 As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains ______________________________________． ◎reflect well/badly on sb/sth使人们对某人或某事物产生好的/坏的印象 ◎reflect on/upon sth思考某事 ◎reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像 ◎be lost in reflection陷入深思中 ◎looking at her figure reflected in the mirror看着她映在镜中的身姿 ◎a reflection of his family environment他家庭环境的反映 ◎spend days reflecting on my decision花几天时间反思我的决定 5．fancy [课本义]adj．花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt．想要；倾慕；自认为是　[增补义]n．喜欢；爱好 ①She fancies herself ___ a singer，but actually she doesn't have a very good voice． ②Fancy _________(invite) her ex-husband to her birthday party! Do you think it wise to do so? ③Everybody fancies ________________(respect) by others，especially on such a formal occasion． (普通表达)Would you like a drink out there together with us this evening? (高级表达)Do you ______ a drink out there together with us this evening? ◎fancy sth想要某物；喜欢某物 ◎fancy doing sth想做某事；喜欢做某事；没想到做了某事 ◎fancy oneself (as)...自认为是……；认为自己会成为…… ◎fancy that...认为……；猜想…… ◎catch/take the public's fancy引起公众的兴趣 ◎be packaged in a fancy plastic case装在一个别致的塑料盒子里 ◎fancy going out for a walk想出去散步 6．set off [课本义]出发；动身；启程　[增补义]使爆炸；拉响(警报等)；触发；引起 ①Firefighters arrived hurriedly，only to be told that a kid set ____ the fire alarm accidentally． ②Just as she prepared to set off _______ the next village，two friends arrived in a taxi． ③A bomb exploded on the street，________(set) off a moment of panic． 人们燃放烟花来迎接节日的到来。 ①People __________________ to welcome the arrival of the festival． ②People welcome the arrival of the festival _________________________． ◎break off折断；突然中断；终止 ◎call off取消 ◎keep off不接近；避开 ◎lay off解雇；使下岗 ◎show off炫耀；卖弄 ◎take off(飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱掉 ◎lay off nearly 40 employees裁员近40人 ◎appeal to him to call off his trip恳请他取消行程 ◎advise her to keep off sweet foods建议她不要吃甜食 7．[教材原句]Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations．节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动进行促销。 ①(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones __________(assist) the crews' efforts． ②(2023·浙江1月卷)_____ gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever，why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? ③(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改)His son，age 15，thought that there was something unusual about the painting with a young girl ________(sit) on a garden chair． (2021·浙江1月卷)我们都在餐桌旁忙来忙去，而妈妈在拍摄这个一年一次的活动。 All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table，________________________ _____________． “with＋宾语＋doing/done/to do”构成with的复合结构，常在句子中用作原因或伴随状语，也可作定语。此结构中如果用动词-ing形式，则表示主动的、正在进行的动作；如果用过去分词，则表示被动的、完成的动作；而如果用动词不定式，则表示将来的动作。 With so many people communicating in English，mastering English is becoming increasingly important．有那么多的人用英语交流，掌握英语变得越来越重要。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Fancy Williams not ________(know) the answer to such an easy question! 2．The present situation is very complex，so it'll take a few days __________(figure) out its reality． 3．A city is the product of the human hand and mind，___________(reflect) man's intelligence and creativity． 4．The club also offered its congratulations to Mr Brown on his ________________ (appoint) captain of the soccer team． 5．Employees in the office，________(range) from age 22 to 70，think it challenging to find common ground in communication style． 6．(2021·浙江1月卷改)With Jason ________(help) to support the weight of the pumpkin，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．Now that you have accepted the task，the only thing you can do is reflect ___ how to fulfill it． 2．The arrival of the charity truck set ____ a small riot as villagers scrambled for a share of the aid． 3．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ___ his marriage，but I couldn't manage it． 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Many people go crazy trying to figure ____ how to spend time with friends，family，work，play，etc． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．After an 8-hour journey，I'm finally back home now，________(feel) really tired． 2．Many of the hotels _________(feature) in the brochure offer special deals for weekend breaks． 3．The festival，________(fall) on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar，usually lasts three days． 4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改)All these represent the earth _______(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．This pattern of woods and fields is typical ___ the English landscape． 2．It took us about two hours to get to the top，but the view up there was worth ___． 3．We are extremely grateful ___ you for the trouble you have taken on our behalf． 4．It's helpful to put children in an occasion ______ they can see themselves differently． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world． __ A．描绘；展示　　　 B．代表；象征　　　C．相当于；意味着 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010． __ A．树枝 　　　B．分店 　　　C．支流 3．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off． __ A．有重大意义的 　 B．意味深长的 　 C．数量相当大的 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots，yet still manages to add a special twist． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：...，the restaurant is true to...，yet still manages to...。句中的Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes...是动词-ing形式短语作_____，后面的the restaurant是句子的_____，is true和manages是并列_____。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：The “...Initiative”...calls for people...to come together to promote...。句中的issued at the ceremony是过去分词短语作_____，修饰Initiative, working in the tea industry是动词-ing形式短语作_____，修饰people，最后的to promote...是不定式短语作_____状语。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ There's a wide range of customs associated with the Spring Festival, with family members 1．__________(gather) for a reunion dinner as one of its typical features．When the New Year starts, people dress 2．___________(they) up and go to visit relatives and friends to convey their blessings and congratulations．Children 3．___________(fill) with joy, having a lot of fun setting off firecrackers after receiving lucky money in red 4．_________(envelop) from their elders．The media also take advantage 5．___ this moment, broadcasting programmes that reflect people's wishes, 6．________(believe) and attitudes towards life．It takes about half a month for the happy atmosphere 7．________(fade) away．Few people know about the origin of the festival, 8．____ it's evidently a significant occasion 9．_____ people send Gods prayers of gratefulness and show respect to their ancestors．More 10．____________(important), the Spring Festival represents people's expectations: a good harvest and no starvation in the new year． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①端午节起源于纪念爱国诗人屈原的活动。 The Dragon Boat Festival _____________________________ in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan． ②这是一个意义重大的节日，代表着人们对屈原的敬仰和感激之情。 It's a festival ______________________,__________________________________ for Qu Yuan as well as _______________________． ③在这个节日里，典型的习俗就是人们聚在一起，吃粽子，赛龙舟。 _________________, it is _____________________________________________, eat zongzi and hold dragon boat races． ④此节日旨在弘扬中国传统，让人们在欢乐的气氛中感受中国文化的魅力。 The festival serves as a platform to promote Chinese tradition, allowing people to _______________________________________________________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于情感描写的词汇 用于动作描写的词汇 briefly; horrible; frankly; absolute; faith; pleased; gratitude gather; fade away; take advantage of; set off Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 最后，我鼓足勇气去敲莫特的门。“您能借给我一些钱吗？”我犹犹豫豫地低声说道。我简要地告诉了他我爸爸身上发生的事情。由于一场可怕的疾病，我爸爸似乎油尽灯枯了。我必须马上送他去医院。坦率地说，莫特对我绝对相信。他说非常高兴能借此机会帮助我。我心中涌起一股暖流，感激的泪水模糊了我的双眼。拿到钱后，我立即动身回家，把爸爸送到最近的医院。 Finally，I ________________________ to knock at Mott's door．“Could you possibly lend me some money？” I whispered hesitantly．___________________ what had happened to my dad．__________________________，my dad seemed __________________．I had to take him to the hospital right away．___________ ____________________________．He said he was ____________________________ ____________________________ to provide assistance．_____________________ _________ in my heart，and ___________________________________．After getting the money，I _____________________________ and sent my dad to the nearest hospital． 2 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　UNIT 1 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．march　2．branch　3．harvest　4．gather　5．feature　6．decorate　7．represent　8．clap　9．respect　10．ceremony　11．grateful　12．typical 语境运用 1．decorated　2．representing　3．marching　4．branches　5．to gather　6．featuring　7．clapped　8．to respect 派生单词 1．religious　2．agricultural　3．significantly；significance　4．belief；believable；unbelievable　5．occasional；occasionally 语境运用 1．religion；religious　2．agriculture；agricultural　3．significantly；significance　4．believable；believe；belief；unbelievable　5．occasional；occasionally 高频短语 1．dress (sb) up　2．fade away　3．in spite of　4．take advantage of　5．have sth in common　6．to be frank　7．go off　8．except for 语境运用 1．fading away　2．went off　3．take advantage of　4．except for　5．dressed up　6．in spite of 写作佳句背诵 1．No matter how strange this experience was 2．pulling at my hair and my clothing 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①on　②being awarded　③congratulations [完美写作]congratulating him on his success 2．①ranging　②out　③a [完美写作]①which range from playing chess to swimming　②ranging from playing chess to swimming 3．①figures　②figuring　③out [完美写作]a small figure 4．①is reflected　②reflection　③on/upon [完美写作]being silently reflected in the water 5．①as　②inviting　③being respected [完美写作]fancy 6．①off　②to/for　③setting [完美写作]①set off fireworks　②by setting off fireworks 7．①assisting　②With　③sitting [完美写作]with my mum filming the annual event 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．knowing　2．to figure　3．reflecting　4．being appointed　5．ranging　6．helping Ⅱ．1．on　2．off　3．on　4．out 层级二 Ⅰ．1．feeling　2．featured　3．falling　4．coming Ⅱ．1．of　2．it　3．to　4．where 层级三 Ⅰ．1．A　2．B　3．C Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：状语　主语　谓语 尝试翻译：这家餐厅氛围优雅，供应的泰国菜肴难得一见，虽是地道的泰式料理，但仍设法添加了一种特殊的风味。 2．化繁为简：定语　定语　目的 尝试翻译：开幕式上发布的“首届国际茶日茶路合作倡议”呼吁茶业界人士携手合作，促进国际合作和文化交流。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．gathering　2．themselves　3．are filled　4．envelops　5．of　6．beliefs　7．to fade　8．but　9．when　10．importantly 维度二 Step 1． ①has its origin with an event　②of great significance；representing people's admiration；their gratitude to him ③On this occasion；a typical custom for people to gather together ④experience the charm of Chinese culture in a joyful atmosphere Step 2． The Dragon Boat Festival has its origin with an event in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan．It's a festival of great significance, representing people's admiration for Qu Yuan as well as their gratitude to him．On this occasion, it is a typical custom for people to gather together, eat zongzi and hold dragon boat races．Today, the festival serves as a platform to promote Chinese tradition, allowing people to experience the charm of Chinese culture in a joyful atmosphere． 维度三 Step 2． gathered all my courage；I told him briefly；Due to a horrible illness；to be fading away；Frankly，Mott had absolute faith in me；more than pleased to take advantage of this opportunity；There rose a stream of warmth；tears of gratitude clouded my eyes；immediately set off for home 82 / 106 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北省六校期中)Soot (煤烟灰) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit． “It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study．“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels．Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day．The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming．When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat． “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast．“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective．That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results．On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing．“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well．” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year． 1．What are the feelings expressed in Khan's words in paragraph 2? A．Doubt and concern． B．Confidence and courage． C．Anger and disappointment． D．Optimism and certainty． 2．Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica? A．Burnt plants． B．Tourist vehicles． C．Black carbon elsewhere． D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica． 3．What does Nagorski say about soot? A．It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise． B．It is increasing in amount because of wind． C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight． D．It is like a big mirror on Earth． 4．What might Khan do in the future? A．Help design scientific research regulations． B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation． C．Collect more data about Antarctica． D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·广东省六校联考)Science shows that stretching(伸展) is essential after exercise．Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles．What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress． 1 You could feel sick．You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time．While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over． 2 As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast．Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode． Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore．When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid(乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore．When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid．Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？ 3 Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid． 4 Flexibility is closely related to injury risk．Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury．Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints． 5 Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility． A．You'll be at risk of injury． B．You guessed it：stretching． C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching． D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health． E．This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise． G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips． Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·湖南省名校联合体联考)There's just a 1-in-3，700，000 chance that a person will be killed by 1．________ shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about 2．________(be) seen as prey (猎物)．Now, new research supports the long-standing theory, 3．________ explains that it's a case of “mistaken identity” when great whites go in for a bite． A team of biologists 4．________(compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming．They then edited the clips to simulate a great white's vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant's point 5．________ view, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals． “Usually, great white sharks 6．________(regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’．However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like 7．________(they) food，” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science． “They eat seals every day and bites on people are 8．________(extreme) rare，”said Catherine Macdonald, a marine scientist at the University of Miami．“So if they're not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they're solving it? 9．________(hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent．If that's the case, 10．________(addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks．” Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·潍坊市模拟)On Black Friday，the busiest shopping day of the year，I went for breakfast in downtown Little Rock． Even at 8 am there was a waiting line at the cafe．Customers stood in groups，chatting and rubbing their cold hands together，waiting to share a hot breakfast and more conversation before pouring into the stores for bargains．I could feel the cheery excitement of the holidays，but it was tied with the usual stress that spoilt the season with layers of anxiety and tiredness． Finally，I was seated by a large window．I noticed that it had begun to rain lightly outside．“Oh，no，”I complained．“I'm going to be dashing around in the rain．Shopping will be messy today！”I heard others complaining，too． Then，out of the corner of my eye，I noticed an elderly man on the other side of the window，making his way carefully down the sidewalk．He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand，sheltering himself from the rain，and balancing several brooms (扫帚) on his right shoulder．Beneath a thin gray coat，he was dressed in brown pants．A striped ski cap protected his head and thick glasses covered his eyes．As I watched，he smiled and stepped politely aside to allow a couple to rush by． “Who's that？”I asked the waitress． “That's Melvin．He's been walking these streets for years and years．I've heard he put several orphans through college by selling those brooms．He's almost blind and in his seventies，but he keeps on working．I don't know how he does it．Everybody buys brooms from him．He lives a poor life but he is a wonderful person．People here have always been good to him．” Suddenly I was curious．This dear man could hardly see．Selling brooms on the streets could not earn good money．Melvin was the one who needed help！“So how does he help people？”I asked frankly． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant．_____________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ We chatted over the breakfast．______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现这些年人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟灰污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，这引发人们思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据后文的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑炭足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．”可知，尽管一些污染是通过风从地球其他地区传播过来的，但是南极洲的煤烟灰主要来自游轮、车辆、飞机和发电机的废气。由此可知，南极洲煤烟灰的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟灰之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故选A。] 4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this ... for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year．”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1．F　[空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生有害的副作用”。] 2．E　[根据空前的“it's just as important ...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。] 3．B　[空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸。接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答。] 4．A　[根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。] 5．G　[根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝盖和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，鲨鱼吃人是因为它们把人误认作海豹。 1．a　[考查冠词。句意：一个人被鲨鱼杀死的概率只有三百七十万分之一，但这种恐惧仍然足以让游泳者担心被其视为猎物。shark是可数名词，结合句意可知，此处表泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰，且shark的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。] 2．being　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。about是介词，其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填being。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。句意：现在，新的研究支持了一个存在已久的理论，该理论解释说，大白鲨咬人是 “认错身份”的情况。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为theory，指物，设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。] 4．compared　[考查时态。句意：一组生物学家比较了海豹和人类游泳的视频。设空处作谓语，且句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填compared。] 5．of　[考查介词。句意：然后，他们对这些片段进行编辑，模拟大白鲨的视角，发现从海洋生物的角度来看，人类确实与海豹非常相似。from one's point of view是固定短语，意为“从某人的角度看”。故填of。] 6．are regarded　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，大白鲨被视为“愚蠢的杀手”和“喜欢吃人肉”。regard和great white sharks之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语great white sharks是复数。故填are regarded。] 7．their　[考查代词。句意：……我们只是看起来像它们的食物……根据语境可知，此处修饰名词food表示 “它们的”，故用形容词性物主代词。故填their。] 8．extremely　[考查词性转换。句意：迈阿密大学的一位海洋科学家凯瑟琳·麦克唐纳说：“它们每天吃海豹，咬人的情况极为罕见。”设空处修饰形容词rare应用副词extremely。故填extremely。] 9．To hit　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了击中正确的目标，鲨鱼可以依靠其他感官，比如气味。根据语境可知，设空处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填To hit。] 10．additional　[考查词性转换。句意：如果是这样的话，关于大白鲨如何使用这些感官的进一步研究可能有助于防止更多的攻击。设空处作定语，修饰名词studies应用形容词additional。故填additional。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant． Waiting customers smiled and cleared the way for him．A few shook his hand．Others patted his shoulder as he moved quietly from table to table，smiling and asking，“Do you need a broom today？”Several frequenters bought from him and rose to pile their new brooms near the doorway．He gestured toward his brooms by the door，“I'm grateful for what you did for me．” At the scene，I was deeply touched by this man and his story．I ordered him a breakfast and asked him to sit next to me． We chatted over the breakfast． From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us ...well，at least me，who complained just because we had to go shopping in the rain．He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better．He really made me feel humbled，and it was then that I decided to be intentionally positive and become a better person． 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$