第1部分 必修第1册 Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（人教版）

LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·济南学情检测)During the race，my lungs were on fire，and legs felt like stone． 2．(行为描写)(2024·梅州质量检测)Upon seeing me，the cat jumped off the window，running towards me in a flash． 3．(景物描写)(2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them． (2024·晋中高三模拟) Trembling and sobbing，he collapsed on the ground，feeling alone and betrayed．He had no choice but to cry all the way back home．Seeing his mother，he couldn't conceal his sorrow，pouring the incident out to her，who would always be there for him whenever he felt down． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．______ vt．& vi．雕刻 2．_______ n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待 3．_________ n．& vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗 4．____ vt．恳求；祈求；哀求 5．_______ n．因素；要素 6．_______ n．符号；象征 7．_______ n．公共事务；事件；关系 8．__________ n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 9．_________ adj．特定的；明确的；具体的 10．_______ n．体系；制度；系统 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Humans，in thinking，talking，reading and writing，also work with ________(symbol)． 2．London is full of homeless people，old and young，________(beg) in the streets． 3．She'd like to have the piece of wood _______ (carve) into the shape of a flower． 4．In general，green ____________ (regard) as a symbol of life while red stands for joy and victory． 5．Dina，_________________(struggle) for months to hunt for a job，finally took a position at a real estate agency． 6．Taylor adequately conveys the ____________(character) emotion through an unusual but perfect comparison． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．major adj．主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修；专门研究→_________ n．大多数；大部分 2．relate vt．联系；讲述→________ adj．有关系的；有关联的→_________ n．关系 3．vary vi．变化；不同；有差异→________ adj．多种(类型)的；各种各样的；不同的→________ n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 4．globe n．地球；地球仪→_______ adj．全球的；全世界的→_________ adv．全球地；全面地 5．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj．相同的；同样的→________ adv．平等地→_________ n．平等 6．describe vt．描述→____________ n．描写；形容；描述 1．The Mineral Products Association consists of the vast _________ of small and medium enterprises throughout the UK and nine ______ global companies．(major) 2．More facts _________________ to the two murder cases are needed before we figure out whether they _______ to each other．It's hard to say that the cases bear no _________ to local gangs．(relate) 3．In the supermarket there are ________ goods whose prices _____ from cents to dollars，and the ________ attracts many customers．(vary) 4．Both locally and _________，the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology，which would further accelerate _______ warming． (globe) 5．All men are born ______，so everyone hopes to be treated ________ because _________ is considered to be a basic human right．(equal) 6．He __________ the robbery in detail to the policeman and his ____________ was of great value—the police caught the robber in a short time．(describe) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空) 1．_________指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．______________浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．_____________________追溯到 4．______________观点；看法 5．__________与……相关；涉及；理解；了解 6．__________________在……方面有困难 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all __________． 2．The needle treatment，which ___________ ___ ancient times in China，is gradually accepted by many foreigners． 3．We will certainly experience some ________ ______ along the road to economic recovery． 4．She spoke for an hour in the lecture hall，without even _____________ her notes． 5．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)From a 21st-century ______________，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture． 一个人如果不努力，终将难以取得任何重要成就。 Nobody can _______________________ _______________ unless he works very hard．(续写之主题升华) 2．the more...，the more... It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow． 的确，随着年华渐老，我越来越感觉时间好像长了翅膀。 It's true，________________，the more I feel time has wings．(续写之情感描写) 1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅 vt．查询；叫……求助于 写出句中refer to的汉语意思： ①In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created． _______ ②What I laughingly refer to as my garden is a corner lot by our postage-stamp size house． _______ ③I don't think it makes any sense to refer to the rising unemployment in your yesterday's speech． ___________ 郎平，以前被称为“铁榔头”，带领中国队在2016年里约奥运会上取得胜利，还夺得两届世界杯冠军。 Lang Ping，________________________ the “Iron Hammer”，led China to victory at the 2016 Rio Olympics，and also claimed two World Cups． ◎refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 ◎refer to...as...把……称作…… ◎refer...to...把……提交给…… ◎in/with reference to关于 ◎refer to his notes now and then不时地查阅笔记 ◎promise not to refer to the matter again答应不再提及此事 ◎refer your complaint to the market management department将投诉提交给市场管理部 2．base vt．以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures ______(base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth． ②A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is ______(base) on trust and existing relationships． ③_______(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason is what I think a leader must avoid． (普通表达)The movie was based on a real-life incident and it turned out to be a success． (高级表达)The movie，_______________________ a real-life incident，turned out to be a success． ◎base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 ◎be based on/upon...以……为基础；依据…… ◎on the basis of根据；在……的基础上 ◎on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周 ◎base his conclusion on the evidence依据证据得出他的结论 ◎be based on her personal experiences根据她的个人经历 ◎on a permanent/consistent basis永久地/持续地 3．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值 ①I would really appreciate ___ if you could give me an opportunity to show my talent． ②We appreciate ______________(participate) in this activity，which is meant to help build up our bodies． ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you ___________ (appreciate) the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work． 如蒙早日回复，将不胜感激。 ①Your earliest reply ___________________________． ②__________________ if you could reply at your earliest convenience． ◎appreciate sth欣赏/重视/感谢/领会某事/某物 ◎appreciate (one's) doing sth感激(某人)做某事 ◎appreciate that...理解/意识到…… ◎I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激。 ◎appreciate your timely help感谢你的及时帮助 ◎appreciate the value of learning English理解学习英语的重要性 ◎be in no mood to appreciate the view没有兴致去欣赏美景 4．equal [课本义]n．同等的人；相等物 adj．相同的；同样的 [增补义]adj．胜任的 vt．等于；抵得上 ①The word “metre” is a unit for measuring length，which _______(equal) 39.37 inches． ②I don't think he should be promoted to this post before he proves equal ___ these challenges． ③At the Olympics，he won the men's 110m hurdles final in 12.91 seconds，_________(equal) the world record set． ①(普通表达)I'm convinced that I am fit for the job as a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition． ②(高级表达)I'm convinced that I _____________________________ the job as a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition． ◎be equal to...与……相等；与……相媲美；胜任/能应对…… ◎be equal in...在……方面相等/平等 ◎equal sb/sth (in...)(在……方面)比得上……；与……匹敌 ◎have no equal无人能及；出类拔萃 ◎treat other people as her equals以平等的身份对待他人 ◎have no equal in musical talent音乐天赋无与伦比 ◎build an equal society free from poverty and violence建设一个没有贫穷和暴力的平等社会 5．demand n．要求；需求 vt．强烈要求；需要 vi．查问 ①More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand ____ clean energy． ②The workers have demanded ____________(give) a pay rise，threatening to go on strike if there's no response． ③The boss demanded that everyone __________________(attend) the ceremony to be held tomorrow． (普通表达)His novels are greatly needed after he won the Nobel Prize for literature． (高级表达)His novels ____________________ after he won the Nobel Prize for literature． ◎a/the demand for sth对某物的需求 ◎be in (great) demand(迫切)需求 ◎demand to do sth要求做某事 ◎demand that...(should) do sth要求……做某事 ◎demanding adj．要求高的；苛求的 ◎meet/satisfy the demand for talents满足对人才的需求 ◎demand an apology in public要求公开道歉 ◎a physically demanding job对体力要求极高的工作 6．date back (to...)追溯到 ①This is an old building _______(date) back to the 16th century． ②Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower which ______(date) from the eleventh century． 这片丘陵地区生长着一些世界上最古老的松树，有些可以追溯到一万年前。 The hilly region is home to some of the world's oldest pine trees，_________________ __________________________． ◎date from追溯到…… ◎out of date过时的；陈旧的 ◎up to date最近的；新式的；现代的 ◎to date迄今为止；到目前为止 ◎a law dating from the 17th century自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律 ◎the most accurate description to date迄今为止最准确的描述 7．[教材原句]Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing．即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也无论说什么方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)_________ the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality． ②(2023·浙江1月卷)________ astonishing Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence． ③(2020·浙江7月卷)My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside，no matter ____ weather or season． 他可爱的小女儿总是紧紧依偎在他身边，无论他走到哪里，她都会缠绕在他的腿上。 His lovely little daughter is always clinging to him，wrapping herself around his legs _________________________________． no matter where/when/how/what/which可以引导让步状语从句，也可以换成wherever/whenever/however/whatever/whichever。但wherever/whenever/however/ whatever/whichever还可以引导名词性从句，而no matter where/when/how/ what/which则不可以。另外，no matter后面的从句有时会采用省略，出现no matter the...形式，whatever也有类似的用法，如whatever the cost“不论付出多少代价”。 No matter where his business took him，he always managed to be home for the Spring Festival．不管生意做到哪里，他总会设法回家过春节。 8．[教材原句]Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past．书面汉语也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要媒介。 ①(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine，the speed ___ which you read probably does not matter very much． ②A study in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree ___ which people view “volunteer” as an important social role． ③Instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to ______ they have so quickly become accustomed． 他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐非常值得。她年轻时每晚听着他的音乐入睡。 Melissa，his daughter，felt it more than worthwhile to save his music，___________ _________________________ when she was young． “介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句时，介词的选用要根据其与前面作先行词的名词的搭配关系，或与后面定语从句中的作谓语动词或形容词的搭配关系来确定。 Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic values such as individual freedom，equality of opportunity and hard work are protected．竞争不但本身就是好事，还是如个人自由、机会平等和勤奋工作等其他基本的价值观得到保护的手段。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I really appreciate your _______(take) time off work to show me around so many places． 2．Most people choose food only ______(base) on taste，and that's fine because food is meant for enjoyment． 3．The worst typhoon this year destroyed many buildings including an ancient castle _______(date) back to the 13th century． 4．(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides ________(equal) contact and share with one another． 5．(2020·浙江7月卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating，__________ (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests． 6．The trend，then，was toward the “penny paper”—a term __________(refer) to papers made widely available to the public． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．Creating an atmosphere ___ which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge． 2．Every year，people in America use energy equal ___ over 30 million barrels of oil each day． 3．(2022·全国乙卷改)That is the very likely future of applying today's technology to making sure that rail tracks worldwide are safe for trains ___ a 24/7 basis． 4．(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter ______ you are in the world． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．It was a time when people were divided geographically，________(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters． 2．(2023·全国乙卷)With an ___________(increase) number of male chefs on TV，it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking． 3．I sometimes record my voice so I can listen to _______(I) and compare my pronunciation with the radio host's． 4．You'll need to study a lot harder over the summer __________(bridge) the gap between school and university． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．I used to get high marks in English，but now I'm having a lot of trouble _____ my listening． 2．If you're talking to someone senior ___ you，you should speak in a more polite way． 3．Students should have a proper attitude __________________ college before thinking about which college to attend． 4．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Make a note of any page which is ___ special importance． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error． __ A．全面的　　　　B．全球的　　　　C．国外的 2．(2020·浙江卷)When I made my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn． __ A．主修课程　　　　B．重要的　　　　C．专门研究 3．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)But if you have to read a great deal for study，you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly． __ A．欣赏　　　　　　B．感激　　　　　　C．理解 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2021·北京卷)We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：We're...aware of the fact...and realizing...。句中的are increasingly aware of与and realizing是并列_____。fact后面是that引导的_______从句；realizing后的that引导的是一个_____从句。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：When...，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum...。句中的that引导_____从句，从句中的compared with...是过去分词短语作时间状语。破折号后是一个动词-ing形式短语作underestimate的_____状语。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ English 1．____________(regard) as the working language in many countries．Despite the 2．________(various) of English accents，speakers of English are generally able to understand each other quite well．However，Chinese students 3．_________(major) in English often find it difficult to master English，partly due to 4．____(it) ever-growing vocabulary．In fact，there aren't really any shortcuts to learning English．It demands effort and persistence．The right attitude and motivation are 5．________(equal) important．Of course，you have to get well 6．_________(prepare) to struggle against many difficulties．You can't just depend on textbooks; you need to listen，speak，read and write more．Appropriate and specific 7．________(method) are also necessary．For instance，don't stop 8．_________(refer) to the dictionary whenever you encounter an unknown word while reading．Listening to English songs and watching English movies are considered to be 9．___ great benefit as well．The most evident approach to improving English is through direct interaction with native speakers，or within a working environment 10．______ English serves as the main means of communication． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①有多种多样的学习英语的方法值得我们参考。 There're _____________________ of learning English that are _________________ _______． ②无论有多少方法，我认为最重要的方法是不断练习。 ________________________________________________________________，the most important one is to keep practicing． ③在公众面前，绝不要羞于说英语，那会阻碍你练习口语。 ______________________________ speaking English in public，which will ____________________________ oral English． ④掌握大量的词汇是学好英语的基础，尽管会花费你很多的时间。 ____________________________________________________________，though it takes a lot of time． ⑤总而言之，精通英语不可能一蹴而就，坚持很重要。 All in all，you can't _______________________ English overnight．Persistence _________________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇) 用于情感描写的词汇 用于动作描写的词汇 beyond description; ants in his pants beg; struggle; refer to Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 麦克正沿着山路骑行，突然发现有一只狼在追赶他。他的心开始狂跳，恐惧无以言表。他恳求过往的司机停下来帮助他，但没有成功。狼越来越近，他被迫下车，准备与之搏斗。狼张着血盆大口猛烈地攻击。眼看麦克就要成为狼的盘中餐，这时，他的朋友们冲了过来，加入了战斗。最后，狼撤退了，麦克安全了。即便是现在，当他提到这件可怕的事情时，他仍然感到紧张无比。 Mac was pedaling along the mountain road __________________________ __________________．His heart began to pound wildly and __________________ ______________．______________________________________________，but in vain．As the wolf drew closer，he was forced to get off his bike，__________ ________________．The wolf attacked fiercely ________________________ ________．Mac was on the point of __________________________ when his friends rushed over and ________________________．Finally the wolf withdrew and Mac was safe．Even now，when _________________________________，he still ______________________． 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第一册　UNIT 5 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．carve　2．regard　3．struggle　4．beg　5．factor　6．symbol　7．affair　8．character　9．specific　10．system 语境运用 1．symbols　2．begging　3．carved　4．is regarded　5．having struggled　6．character's 派生单词 1．majority　2．related；relation　3．various；variety　4．global；globally　5．equally；equality　6．description 语境运用 1．majority；major　2．relating/related；relate；relation　3．various；vary；variety　4．globally；global　5．equal；equally；equality　6．described；description 高频短语 1．refer to　2．ups and downs　3．date back (to ...)　4．point of view　5．relate to　6．have trouble with 语境运用 1．relate to　2．dates back to　3．ups and downs　4．referring to　5．point of view 写作佳句背诵 1．achieve anything of real significance　2．the older I get 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①指的是　②称之为　③提及；谈到 [完美写作]formerly referred to as 2．①based　②based　③Basing [完美写作](which was) based on 3．①it　②participating　③appreciate [完美写作]①will be highly appreciated　②I'd appreciate it 4．①equals　②to　③equaling [完美写作]②am equal to/am qualified for 5．①for　②to be given　③(should) attend [完美写作]are in great demand 6．①dating　②dates [完美写作]some dating back to ten thousand years ago 7．①Whatever　②However　③the [完美写作]wherever/no matter where he goes 8．①at　②to　③which [完美写作]to which she fell asleep each night 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．taking　2．based　3．dating　4．equally　5．demanding　6．referring Ⅱ．1．in　2．to　3．on　4．where 层级二 Ⅰ．1．leading　2．increasing　3．myself　4．to bridge Ⅱ．1．with　2．to　3．towards/toward/to　4．of 层级三 Ⅰ．1．A　2．B　3．C Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：谓语　同位语　宾语 尝试翻译：我们越来越意识到，仅靠工程来控制地球系统是行不通的，我们还意识到，要想保持生态平衡，我们就需要节制我们的行为。 2．化繁为简：宾语　伴随 尝试翻译：研究小组更严密地检查了实验结果，然后他们注意到，与单个符号相比，当两个符号的数值相近时，猴子往往会低估总和，例如，有时猴子会选择13而不是选8和6的总和。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．is regarded　2．variety　3．majoring　4．its　5．equally　6．prepared　7．methods　8．to refer　9．of　10．where 维度二 Step 1． ①varieties of methods；worthy of our reference　②From my point of view，no matter how many methods are available　③By no means should you be shy；prevent you from practicing ④Having a large vocabulary is basic to learning English well　⑤have a good command of；is of great significance Step 2． There're varieties of methods of learning English that are worthy of our reference．From my point of view，no matter how many methods are available，the most important one is to keep practicing．By no means should you be shy speaking English in public，which will prevent you from practicing oral English．What's more，having a large vocabulary is basic to learning English well，though it takes a lot of time．All in all，you can't have a good command of English overnight．Persistence is of great significance． 维度三 Step 2． when suddenly he spotted a wolf chasing him；his fear was beyond description；He begged passing drivers to stop to help him；ready to struggle with it；with its bloody mouth wide open；getting eaten by the wolf；joined him in the fight；he refers to this horrible thing；has ants in his pants 82 / 106 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(六) Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·绍兴市诊断性考试)Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder，while living close to nature is largely beneficial to mental health and the brain．A central brain region，the amygdala (扁桃核) involved in stress processing，has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas，compared to those who live in cities，hinting at the potential benefits of nature．“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved，namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions，”says Sonja Sudimac． To achieve causal evidence，the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald Forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin．The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature，suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress． “The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health，but this is the first study to prove the causal link．Interestingly，the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases，which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress，”explains Simone Kühn，head of the group． The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk．This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health．Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity，suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain． In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups，the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies． 1．What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac? A．Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity． B．People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems． C．It's unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health． D．It's hard to clarify the impact of the living environment on mental health． 2．How did researchers collect evidence for the study? A．By quoting authoritative experts． B．By interviewing healthy volunteers． C．By researching on a previous theory． D．By comparing volunteers' amygdala activity． 3．What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make? A．Confirming the assumption of nature's benefits to brain health． B．Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure． C．Revealing the link between age and mental health． D．Identifying the causes of mental health problems． 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Benefits of a regular walk in nature． B．The focus of the follow-up research． C．An appeal for living in urban regions． D．Nature's positive effects on women and children． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·重庆市学业质量调研) Ways to Build Resilience(适应力) Being resilient isn't about avoiding misfortune，but rather how we respond to it．Resilience means doing well in the face of risk or difficulty． 1 ．Being resilient can help you manage stress，lower your chances of depression，and has even been proven to make people live longer．To build resilience，the experts suggest the following： Start with reaching out for support．Lack of social support can lead to decreased resilience．While it's easy to let go of important relationships in our busy lives， 2 ．Good relationships are a pillar(柱状物) of rock for resilience and are a source of support when the times get tough．And cultivating your sense of humor is also a plus． 3 ．Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times．It also improves your sense of well-being through an increase in dopamine(多巴胺) levels in your brain，and can ultimately increase your overall health． 4 ．Having goals and dreams increases resilience．A lack of purpose and goals reduces resilience and may leave you open to being taken advantage of，manipulation (操纵)，and poor life choices; it reduces your sense of control over your life，which can easily lead to depression and anxiety． Be a person of action．Being idle can lead to less resilience，but being active and tackling your problems head-on can promote your ability to deal with tough situations． 5 ．Instead，do something about the situation． A．it is vital to make room for them B．Then find a sense of purpose in life C．it is exciting to embrace the unknown D．Hard times call for looking at the lighter side E．Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas F．It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations G．Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·苏州市八校联考)Porcelain，also called fine china，1．________(feature) its delicate texture，pleasing color, and refined sculpture，has been one of the 2．________ (good) artworks introduced to the Western world through the Silk Road．The earliest one 3．________(find) made of kaolin (高岭土) in the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC－1046 BC), and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (搪瓷)，while pottery wares (陶器) were more widely used among most of the ordinary people．Anyway it was the beginning．In the following dynasties, due 4．________ its durability and shine，porcelain rapidly became 5．________ necessity of daily life，6．________(especial) in the middle and upper classes．It was made 7．________ the form of all kinds of items，such as bowls，cups，tea sets, vases，jewel cases，musical instruments and boxes, as well as pillows for traditional doctors to feel one's pulse． Through the 8．________(develop) of over 4，000 years, now it is still a brilliant kind of art that attracts thousands of people．The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, 9．________ has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain 10．________ (satisfy) your appetite for beauty． Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·石家庄市质检)I yawned(打哈欠)as I got off the last step of the bus．I had woken early that morning，and had not been able to sleep on the long ride，thinking about that day's race．I had never raced in a statewide race before．Over thirty high school teams ran，along with quite a few colleges．The rest of my team and I unloaded the bus，and we relaxed and waited for our race patiently． “Start warming up，” our coach told us，roughly forty-five minutes after we arrived．After finishing our stretches，we headed over to the starting line，eager for the race to begin． The starter walked to the middle of the field．“There will be two commands，” he boomed．“Runners set，then the gun．If you hear another shot，return to the starting line to start again．” My heart raced as I got my legs ready to race． “Runners set！”the starter shouted．Bam! The gun fired，and he rushed out of our way．Adrenaline (肾上腺素)rushed through my body as I raced through the mass of runners．As I rounded the first turn，my schoolmates greeted me with heartening shouts．Then，in what felt like only one minute，I arrived at the one mile mark． “6′10″，” a man declared as I ran by．I tried to ignore him，but my legs began to burn as I realized I had run a mile and still had two to go．I slowed down my pace，for I knew the second mile was the worst of all three．Minutes later，I felt horrible．My legs ached，feeling like lead blocks．My vision was clouded as sweat dropped down into my eyes，and my arms felt as if they would fall off if I swung them one more time．Just as I almost reached my limit，a boy passed me．He also seemed to have lost strength but soon he was a little ahead of me． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 I gathered up my strength to speed up but suddenly fell to the ground．_______ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ In the last mile，seeing the athletes passing us one by one，I asked the boy to run without me．________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(六) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人大脑产生的影响。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But so far the ...or urban regions”可知，到目前为止，母鸡和鸡蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村或城市地区。据此可知，在Sonja Sudimac看来，“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To achieve causal ...traffic in Berlin．”可知，为了获得证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在Grunewald森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查。据此可以推知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的扁桃核活动来为这项研究收集证据。] 3．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The results support ...prove the causal link．”可知，研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正相关关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究。据此可知，Simone Kühn和他的团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。] 4．B　[段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究调查了在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响。据此可知，最后一段主要讲的是进一步研究的重点。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了增强适应力的建议。 1．F　[根据空前的“Being resilient isn't about ...doing well in the face of risk or difficulty．”可知，此部分在解释resilient的含义，该空与前面内容在意义上连贯，故选F项“它也是一种从困境中恢复的能力”。] 2．A　[根据该空前面的部分可知，此部分讲的是寻求支持，因为缺乏社会支持会导致适应力下降。根据该空前的逗号可知，空处句子的首字母应为小写，故可从选项A和C中找答案；空处所在句为主从复合句的主句，从句指的是尽管在忙碌的生活中，我们很容易放弃重要的关系。由此可知，主句应选A项“为它们腾出空间很重要”。] 3．D　[该题可用词汇复现法做出。根据该空前面提到的“the times get tough”以及后面的“Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times．”可知，该空前后都提到了艰难时期，由此可知，此处应选D项“艰难时期需要看到较光明的一面”。] 4．B　[该空可用结构衔接和词汇衔接做题法做出。该空位于第三段的段首，纵览全文发现第二、三、四段的首句分别为该段的主题句。根据词汇衔接法并结合第三段空后的“Having goals and dreams increases resilience．”可知，该空应选B项“然后找到生活的意义”。] 5．E　[根据该段首句可知，此部分讲的是做一个有行动的人。根据空后的“Instead，do something about the situation．”可知，该空应选E项“尽量避免深入思考消极的想法”。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国瓷器的发展、特征以及应用。 1．featuring　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是has been，feature 在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语Porcelain之间是主谓关系，所以空处填featuring。] 2．best　[考查形容词最高级。此处考查固定表达one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数，意为“最……之一”，所以空处填best。] 3．was found　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语in the Shang Dynasty(1600 BC－1046 BC)可知，时态用一般过去时；主语The earliest one与find之间形成被动关系；主语The earliest one表第三人称单数概念，所以空处填was found。] 4．to　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达due to，意为“由于”，所以空处填to。] 5．a　[考查冠词。necessity作“必需品”讲时为可数名词，结合句意“迅速成为日常生活的一种必需品”可知，此处为泛指。necessity以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。] 6．especially　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后文的介词短语，应用副词，所以空处填especially。] 7．in　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达in the form of，意为“以……的形式”，所以空处填in。] 8．development　[考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词形式，所以填development。] 9．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示物的名词短语 The Porcelain Capital，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。] 10．to satisfy　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达be certain to do sth．，意为“一定会做某事”，所以空处填to satisfy。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 I gathered up my strength to speed up but suddenly fell to the ground． My world was clouded by total darkness．How I wish the ground to crack and swallow me！I could feel everybody was staring at me，widening their mouths and not being able to utter a word．The sudden silence brought a sharp pain in my knees and “failure” was the only word flashing in my mind．Then the silence was broken by a deep voice，“You won't give up so easily，will you？”The boy ahead of me turned back and pulled me up．“Let's run to the finishing line together！”The second mile saw its end while we ran shoulder to shoulder． In the last mile，seeing the athletes passing us one by one，I asked the boy to run without me．“You could win a place if you went by yourself．” I looked at him in the eyes with sweat blurring my sight．The boy breathing heavily，drops of sweat rolled down his face．He shook his head saying，“Winning a place is not that important．”Then we smiled at each other as if we had been the only runners．The last mile seemed shorter and we enjoyed the moment when we passed the finishing line together with thunderous applause．I know they cheered for us not for winning a race but for something more important． 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$