第1部分 选择性必修第3册 Unit 3 War and peace-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（外研版）

War and peace 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·唐山市模拟)I felt my heart threatening to burst out from my chest． 2．(行为描写)(2024·潍坊市模拟)She yelled，skipping into the room and throwing her arms in the air． 3．(人物描写)(2024·福州市质量检测)Emily was a sweet girl except that she was frightened at dogs！ (2024·武汉市第一中学模拟)The day of the event dawned dull，wet and gray．Even though it started to rain and a cold wind blew，most of the participants were so excited that they didn't seem to notice the weather at all． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ n．目的，目标 2．________ v．回想，回忆起 3．________ adv．勉强才能 4．________ adj．杰出的，优秀的 5．________ v．出现 6．________ n．金额，款项 7．________ n．武器，兵器 8．________ v．轰炸 9．________ n．制服 10．________ n．代表 11．________ adj．纪念的，追悼的 12．________ n．冲突，摩擦 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)She was covered in spider­webs(蛛网) and was ____________(bare) able to move her wings． 2．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the ____________(object)of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen． 3．Henderson ____________(recall)that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington． 4．Bill wants to spend large ___________ (sum) of money on modernizing the farm． 5．The swimmer ____________(emerge) from the lake，took a deep breath and then dived again． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．violent adj．狂暴的，凶暴的→ ________ adv．狂暴地，凶暴地→ ________ n．暴力 2．horror n．惊恐→________ adj．惊恐的→________ adv．惊恐地 3．liberate v．解放(城市、国家等)→________ n．解放 4．stable adj．稳固的，稳定的→ ________ adv．稳固地，稳定地→________ n．稳固，稳定 5．academy n．学院，学会，学术团体→________ adj．学术的→ ________ adv．学术上 6．relevant adj．有关的，切题的→ ________ adv．有关地，切题地→ ________ n．相关性；关联 1．It is important to keep the ________ development of economy and the ________ of it can ensure that all the people share the fruits of development．(stably) 2．It is wrong to resist other's ________ behaviour with ________．(violent) 3．In 1949, the whole country ________．After ________，the people lived as masters of their own country．(liberate) 4．To my ________，the ________ creature made a terrible noise and I looked at it ________，not daring to move．(horror) 5．He quickly accustomed himself to the strong ________ atmosphere and finally succeeded ________．(academy) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏中短语的适当形式填空) 1．____________ 使摆脱；免于；解除 2．____________ 对……有信心 3．____________ 为……做准备 4．____________ 成功；及时赶到 5．____________ 待命 6．____________ 突围；突破；(克服困难或障碍)取得突破 7．____________ 极其；不亚于 1．During the sports meeting，there is always a medical team ____________． 2．We should ____________ ourselves，and believe we can realise our dream if we try our best． 3．No matter how hard it is，as long as we have the dream and work hard, we will ____________！ 4．I'm afraid I can't go shopping with you because I have to ____________ the coming exam． 5．They give us entertainment, providing us a means ________ ourselves ________ stress． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．形容词短语作状语 The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land． 他们的母亲既震惊又骄傲，愉快地低声说道：“谢谢，我的孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！” ________________，their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids．I really appreciate what you have done for me！”(续写之心理描写) 2．while表示对比 Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire． 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 Some people waste food ________________________．(应用文之倡议书) 1.sum n.[课本义]金额，款项　[增补义]总数；总和；全部 ①Will you please sum ________ the main idea of this article? ②The boy was rewarded for his invention with a large sum ________ money． 总而言之，为了拥有健康的心脏，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。 ____________________，for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and give up smoking． a large sum of 一大笔 sum to 共计 sum up 总结；概括；计算……的总数 to sum up/in sum 总之 sum to one thousand 总计一千 a large sum of money一大笔钱 2．relevant adj.[课本义]有关的，切题的　[增补义]有价值的；有意义的 ①It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant ________ the local customs． ②As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change ________(relevant) when altitude rises． 当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验会有帮助。 ________________________________ when you apply for the job． be relevant to... 和……有关 relevantly adv．有关地；切题地 relevance n．相关性；关联 directly relevant to this inquiry与这项调查直接相关 have some relevant experience 有一些相关经验 3．free...from 使摆脱；免于；解除 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket ________ free，even if your trip is an overnight one． ②(2022·全国乙卷)Fruit juices, milk­based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free ________ the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year． 冬日远足把我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。 The winter hiking ________________________________． be free of/from...不受……影响的；无……的 set... free 释放……；使……获得自由 for free/free of charge免费 be free from the truck从卡车中被救出 free the body of tension使紧张的身体放松 4．[教材原句]Code­named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation． 这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)The evening glow ________(spread) across the farm，it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together． ②Lots of homework ________(do), I have to stay at home all day during the National Day． 新老师面带微笑地走了进来。 ①The new teacher came in, ________________________． ②(普通表达)He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance． (高级表达)________________________，he didn't notice my appearance．(独立主格结构) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，该结构在句中一般作状语，其形式有以下几种： 名词/代词＋动词­ing形式(表示主动或正在进行)； 名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)； 名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生)； 名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(说明名词或代词的性质、特征或状态)。 The storm over, everything was in peace again． 暴风雨过去了，一切又恢复平静。 5．[教材原句]It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize­winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao． 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When he got older，John started to wonder ________ this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making． ②It was a wonder ________ the boy had survived on a bottle of mineral water after the earthquake． 我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。 ________________________________ by guiding us to revise a short play． It is no wonder(that)... ＝No wonder (that)... 难怪……，怪不得…… It's a wonder (that)... 令人惊奇的是……；说来也怪…… wonder if/whether/wh­＋从句 不知是否……；想知道…… No wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland．难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园，哪里旅游业就会发展。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Hands ____________(wave)，I dashed towards the bird，yelling to make myself noticed． 2．Unluckily, large sums of money ____________(be) lost on his way to the little village the other day． 3．When delivering a speech, be sure to stay on topic and not offer ____________ (relevant) information． 4．Having explained the reason why he was late again, he was able to free himself from ____________(punish)at last． 5．____________(bare) had the thought come to me before it was gone again． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps．You can't help wondering ________ hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place． 2．You needn't worry about money．With your membership card，you can attend the concert free ________ charge． 3．________ sum，we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time． 4．The library houses lots of unpublished documents that are relevant ________ your topic． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Since the ____________ (liberate) of this area, it has witnessed significant progress in politics, economy and culture． 2．He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his ____________(academy) background． 3．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social ____________(stable)． 4．Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of ____________(violent)． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．Education is about learning, and the more you learn, the more you prepare ________ your life． 2．Students are provided with a packed lunch made up ________ a sandwich, a drink and a dessert． 3．As far as I am concerned, the victory was nothing less ________ a miracle． 4．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she had much confidence ________ her skills． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the U．S．was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans． ________ A．不确切的；粗略的 B．简单的；粗糙的 C．粗暴的；粗野的 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other． ________ A．坦克 B．一箱(或一桶等)的量 C．箱，槽 3．(2021·全国甲卷)A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” ________ A．降落 B．成功得到；谋到 C．登陆 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago． 本句是一个复合句，since the effort started two years ago为________从句，called No Fly Climate Sci为过去分词短语作________，修饰website。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep，and though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west． 本句是一个并列复合句，第一个逗号后的and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中climbed和realised是两个并列的谓语动词，that the mist was little more than a few feet deep是realised的________从句，第二个分句中包含though引导的________从句。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (注：短文中黑体部分为本单元重要词汇或短语。) A 90­year­old man 1．________(bare) recalled what had happened before his town 2．____________(liberate)． One day, German troops in Nazi uniforms suddenly emerged in his town．Their objective was 3．________(create) a friction, do violence to people there and control the town．4．________(face) with invasion, different representatives, such as academic groups and other walks of life, gathered together and decided to take action to fight 5．________ the violent German rule．Then, large sums of money were raised in secret to buy weapons, tanks, grain and 6．________(relevance)things．These would add to the 7．________(stable) for success of the battle．After several months' hard struggle, the German positions were bombed and they had to give in．Finally people got freedom and peace．How happy they were! Every year people in the town hold 8．________ memorial ceremony to remember those 9．________ lost their lives in the war and 10．________(they) outstanding acts of courage． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①1931年日本入侵中国，中国人民为寻求解放，进行了长达十四年的抗日战争。 In 1931, Japan ____________．In order to ________________，the Chinese people carried out the Anti­Japanese War for 14 years． ②中国军队的武器虽然落后，但他们始终坚信能够战胜装备了飞机、大炮及坦克的敌人。(形容词短语作状语) ________________，the Chinese army always ______________________ in defeating the enemy ____________aircraft, artillery and tanks． ③面对敌人的狂轰滥炸，中国军民团结一心，奋勇杀敌。(过去分词短语作状语) ________________________________________，the Chinese army and the people united as one and bravely killed the enemy． ④在付出了巨大的代价后，中国人民赢得了这场战争的光辉胜利。 After paying a huge price, the Chinese people ________________________ of this war． ⑤中国抗日战争的胜利为世界反法西斯战争的胜利奠定了基础。 The victory of China's Anti­Japanese War ________________________ the victory of the World Anti­Fascist War． ⑥难怪有人说中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利将永远铭刻在人类正义事业的史册上。 ________________________ someone says that the great victory of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan will be forever engraved in the history of human justice． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 人物描写 violent，outstanding，intellectual，peer，glory，prominent，dedication，have confidence in 动作描写 drown，liberate，bomb，emerge 环境描写 coastline，misty，breeze，violent，horror，rough Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 八月一个多雾的早晨，我们出发去进行为期一周的冒险。我们已经为之准备了三天，所以我们对这次冒险充满信心。在最初的两天里，我们享受着凉爽的微风和美妙的海岸线。然后，崎岖的道路让探险变得更加艰难。在野外睡觉是如此的恐怖，以至于我们忍不住回忆起家里的床。在穿过一片湖时，我们中的一个人差点被淹死。我们开始怀疑我们能否成功到达目的地。最后，我们在森林里迷路了，在救援人员的帮助下才回到家。今天，在讲述这个故事的时候，没有人能把这次冒险描绘成一件光荣的事。 ________________________，we headed out for our one­week adventure．We had prepared for it for 3 days，so we ____________ this adventure．During the first 2 days，we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline．Then，________________________________．Sleeping in the wild was ______________ __________________________________．While crossing a lake，one of us was almost drowned．We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination．At last，we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers．Today，while telling the story，nobody can ________________________． 1/11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 选择性必修第三册　Unit 3 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．objective　2．recall　3．barely　4．outstanding　5．emerge　6．sum　7．weapon　8．bomb　9．uniform　10．representative　11．memorial　12．friction　 语境运用 1．barely　2．objective　3．recalled　4．sums　5．emerged　 派生单词 1．violently；violence　2．horrible；horribly　3．liberation　4．stably；stability　5．academic；academically　6．relevantly；relevance　 语境运用 1．stable；stability　2．violent；violence　3．was liberated；liberation　4．horror；horrible；horribly　5．academic；academically　 高频短语 1．free... from　2．have confidence in... 　3．prepare for... 　4．make it　5．on standby　6．break through　7．nothing less than　 语境运用 1．on standby　2．have confidence in　3．make it　4．prepare for　5．to free；from　 写作佳句背诵 1．Shocked and proud　2．while others haven't enough to eat 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①up　②of [完美写作]To sum up/In sum 2．①to　②relevantly [完美写作]Having some relevant experience will be helpful 3．①for　②of/from [完美写作]freed us students from the heavy work of study 4．①spreading　②to do [完美写作]①a smile on her/his face　②His mind concentrated on his work 5．①if/whether　②that [完美写作]I was wondering if you could do me a favour 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．waving　2．were　3．irrelevant　4．being punished 5．Barely Ⅱ．1．how　2．of　3．In　4．to 层级二 Ⅰ．1．liberation　2．academic　3．stability　4．violence Ⅱ．1．for　2．of　3．than　4．in 层级三 Ⅰ．1．A　2．C　3．B Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：时间状语；后置定语 尝试翻译：例如，自从两年前这种努力开始以来，在一个名为“No Fly Climate Sci”的网站上，大约有200位学者已经承诺尽可能少地乘坐飞机，他们很多人都是气候科学家。 2．化繁为简：宾语；让步状语 尝试翻译：我爬到一个小斜坡的坡顶，意识到雾仅仅有几英尺深，尽管这只是一段短距离的攀爬，但我发现自己完全置身于雾的上面，把落日下Skiddaw的景色看得一清二楚。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．barely　2．was liberated　3．to create　4．Faced　5．against　6．relevant　7．stability　8．a　9．who　10．their 维度二 Step 1． ①invaded China；seek liberation　②Backward in weapons；had strong confidence；equipped with　③Faced with the enemy's violent bombing　④won the glorious victory　⑤laid the foundation for　⑥No wonder/It is no wonder that Step 2． In 1931, Japan invaded China．In order to seek liberation, the Chinese people carried out the Anti­Japanese War for 14 years．Though backward in weapons, the Chinese army always had strong confidence in defeating the enemy equipped with aircraft, artillery and tanks．Faced with the enemy's violent bombing, the Chinese army and the people united as one and bravely killed the enemy．After paying a huge price, the Chinese people won the glorious victory of this war．The victory of China's Anti­Japanese War laid the foundation for the victory of the World Anti­Fascist War．No wonder/It is no wonder that someone says that the great victory of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan will be forever engraved in the history of human justice． 维度三 Step 2． On a misty August morning；had confidence in；the rough roads made the adventure harder；such a horror that we couldn't help recalling the beds at home；depict the adventure as a glory 20/110 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(三十三) 选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　War and peace Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·开封市三模)The Pathway and River Clean­up is a yearly event involving thousands of volunteers who generously donate their time to help clean up Calgary． The 2024 Pathway and River Clean­up will take place from September 9 to September 11，2024． Volunteer Registration To volunteer for the Pathway and River Clean­up, you must be： *12 years or older． *Accompanied by a parent or guardian (if you're between 12 and 17 years old)． *Able to commit to three hours of clean­up on one of the three event days． You are encouraged to register as a group (minimum 10 people) with a designated leader．If you do not have a group, you can join a team led by Calgary Parks staff． Volunteers may request a specific clean­up location at the time of registration．We will do our best to satisfy specific location requests．If you do not have a preferred clean­up location, one will be assigned to you． Remember to register online．Registration in person is not accepted． Group leaders Each group must have a designated leader．New group leaders are required to attend a one­hour, online orientation session．Returning group leaders must attend the orientation session every three years but must complete yearly online training． Group leaders will be responsible for： *Conducting a group member orientation session before the event day to provide safety training． *Ensuring the safe and effective clean­up of the designated clean­up area．Risks will be minimized as much as possible．However, volunteers may come in contact with rocky shorelines, sharp items and illegal campsites． If you have any questions about volunteering for the Pathway and River Clean­up, contact 311． 1．What can volunteers choose according to their preference? A．The way to register． B．The clean­up locations． C．The rewards for their efforts． D．The length of their volunteering time． 2．What is required of new group leaders? A．Organizing a group of at most 10 people． B．Joining a team led by Calgary Parks staff． C．Taking part in one­hour online training． D．Working with returning group leaders for a year． 3．Which of the following is a duty of group leaders? A．Reporting illegal campsites to staff． B．Giving group members safety training． C．Mapping rocky shorelines ahead of time． D．Cleaning up sharp items at locations in advance． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·合肥市教学质检)A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga­Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world's leading award for grassroots environmental activists． Gloria Majiga­Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low­cost, high­quality organic fertilizer (肥料)．The problem? The thin plastic bags covered the Malawian countryside．“We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics，” Majiga­Kamoto says．“Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion(吸收)system．” For her, this was the moment when it all changed．All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system—affecting people's living and health． “I remember back in the days when we'd go to the market and buy things like dried fish, which were wrapped in newspaper，” the 30­year­old says．But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices．In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single­use plastic in 2015．But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi's plastic producing industry appealed to the country's High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended． When Majiga­Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed．She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry's argument that the ban would hurt Malawi's economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV．Finally in 2019, Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban．The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers． Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said，“Majiga­Kamoto's fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize．” 4．What made Majiga­Kamoto realize the problem? A．Her experience with plastic­eating goats． B．Her discovery of goat waste everywhere． C．Her doubt about the safety of street food． D．Her care for the farmers living in poverty． 5．What can we learn about Malawi? A．It used to be extremely rich in fish． B．It advocated using thin plastic bags． C．It failed to ban single­use plastic at first． D．It relied heavily on the plastic industry． 6．What was the purpose of Majiga­Kamoto's acts in paragraph 4? A．To put the ban into effect． B．To support the government． C．To back the plastic industry up． D．To promote Malawi's economy． 7．Which of the following best describes Majiga­Kamoto? A．Humble．　　 B．Generous． C．Patient． D．Committed． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·潍坊市模拟)Though researchers have long known that adults build an unconscious (无意识的) preference over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same，the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choices is intuitive (直觉的) and somehow fundamental to the human experience． “The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options，”said Alex Silver，a Johns Hopkins researcher．“Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference．” The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science．People assume they choose things that they like．But research suggests that's sometimes backward：we like things because we choose them．And，we dislike things that we don't choose．“Adults make these inferences unconsciously，” said co­author Lisa Feigenson，a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development．“We justify our choice after the fact．” This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day，between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans．The question is when people exactly start doing this．So they turned to babies，who don't get many choices and so，as Feigenson puts it，are“a perfect window into the origin of this tendency”． The team brought 10­ to 20­month­old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with: two equally bright and colorful soft blocks．They set them far apart，so the babies had to crawl to one or the other — a random choice．After the baby chose one of the toys，the researchers took it away and came back with a new option．The babies could then pick the toy they didn't play with the first time，or a brand new toy．Their choices showed they didn't prefer the unchosen object． To continue studying the evolution of choices in babies，the lab will next look at the idea of“choice overload”．For adults，choices are good，but too many choices can be a problem，so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies． 8．What is people's assumption about the act of making choices ? A．They like what they choose． B．They choose what they like． C．They base choices on the fact． D．They make choices thoughtfully． 9．Why were babies selected as subjects for the study? A．To help them make better choices． B．To guide them to perceive the world． C．To track the root of making random choices． D．To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture． 10．What does the study on the babies show? A．They like novel objects． B．Their choices are mostly based on colors． C．Their random choices become the preference． D．They are unable to make choices for themselves． 11．What will the following study focus on? A．The law of “choice overload”． B．The problem of adults' many choices． C．Why too many choices can influence adults． D．Whether babies are troubled by many choices． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·苏锡常镇四市调研)I've been working as a United Nations (U．N．) Peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years．Before this, I was a pilot and I 1 my work．However, I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble, so I 2 the United Nations． The Central African Republic is a relatively small country．Since it got 3 from France in the 1960s, there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels (反叛者)．In 2012, a civil war began, due to which, over one million people were forced to 4 their homes and there were many deaths and injuries． 5 ， the United Nations established a peacekeeping 6 in the country． We peacekeepers 7 cities and villages to 8 that no conflict is occurring and help bring supplies of food and medicine．We are a 9 that can keep people in conflict apart． As a woman, I am particularly 10 as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country．When they see how others respect me, they feel that they also 11 to be respected and treated 12 ． My life is not 13 in any way! It's long hours in a very tough environment．I have basic 14 with just a bed in a shared room．Of course, being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times．However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the U．N．Peacekeepers, and that makes it all 15 ． 1．A．hated　 B．enjoyed C．guarded D．changed 2．A．led up to B．looked up to C．kept up with D．signed up with 3．A．treatment B．technology C．independence D．inspiration 4．A．flee B．return C．sweep D．tend 5．A．In turn B．In surprise C．In response D．In addition 6．A．measure B．reputation C．business D．mission 7．A．follow B．expand C．monitor D．block 8．A．ensure B．prove C．report D．predict 9．A．bridge B．barrier C．castle D．shelter 10．A．protected B．trusted C．valued D．doubted 11．A．deserve B．prefer C．plan D．fail 12．A．gently B．equally C．seriously D．honestly 13．A．boring B．rewarding C．difficult D．fancy 14．A．association B．accommodation C．administration D．adaptation 15．A．available B．ambitious C．worthwhile D．educational 答题栏 Ⅰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·惠州市二模)假定你是李华，你校的英语报正在校内招募“中国传统文化”专栏的编辑。请你写封电子邮件申请，内容包括： 1．表明意图； 2．自身优势； 3．表达期望。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：专栏column _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7/7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(三十三) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。“道路和河流清理”是一项一年一度的活动，成千上万的志愿者慷慨地贡献自己的时间来帮助清理卡尔加里。文章介绍了注册成为2023年清理活动志愿者和小组领导的条件和要求。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据Volunteer Registration部分中的“Volunteers may request a specific clean­up location at the time of registration．We will do our best to satisfy specific location requests．”可知，志愿者可以根据自己的喜好来选择清理地点。故选B。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据Group leaders部分中的“New group leaders are required to attend a one­hour, online orientation session．”可知，新的小组领导被要求参加一小时的线上培训。故选C。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据Group leaders部分中的“Group leaders will be responsible for”的第一条“Conducting a group member orientation session before the event day to provide safety training．”可知，给小组成员进行安全培训是小组领导的一项职责。故选B。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。马拉维的Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 女士被授予非洲戈德曼环境奖，文章就她与塑料行业斗争的起因、经过和结果进行了详细叙述。 4．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion system．”可知，山羊为了尝到咸味而吃塑料，但因塑料阻塞其吸收系统而导致其死亡，正是由此得到的教训使Gloria Majiga­Kamoto意识到了塑料导致的环境和健康问题，故选A。] 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single­use plastic in 2015... causing it to be suspended”可知，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料，但由于马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停，即马拉维政府最初未能禁止一次性塑料，故选C。] 6．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“Finally in 2019，Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban．The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers．”可知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 进行游行等一系列行动的目的是使禁令生效，故选A。] 7．D　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto是一个环保工作者，发现塑料给环境和生活带来危害时，决定做出改变；当禁塑令被暂停后，她组织了游行并拒绝接受塑料行业关于禁令会损害马拉维经济的论点，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论，最终高等法院裁定支持该禁塑令。由此可推知，Gloria Majiga­Kamoto 是一个做事尽心尽力的人，故选D。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，婴儿也会像成年人一样在本质相同的事物之间做出选择，从而形成无意识的偏好，这种为选择辩护的方式是直觉的，在某种程度上是人类经验的基础。 8．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People assume they choose things that they like．”可知，人们对选择行为的假设是人们认为他们选择了自己喜欢的东西，故选B。文中的assume与题干中的assumption相呼应。] 9．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The question is ... ‘a perfect ... this tendency’．”可知，研究人员选择婴儿作为研究对象是因为他们想追踪随机选择的根源，故选C。] 10．C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Their choices ... unchosen object．”可知，他们的选择表明他们不喜欢未选择的东西，即他们的随机选择变成了偏好，故选C。] 11．D　[推理判断题。最后一段中的“For adults，choices ... true for babies．”指的是有选择对于成年人来说是好事，但太多的选择可能是一个问题，所以实验室试图确定这是否也适用于婴儿。由此可知，接下来的研究重点是婴儿是否也像成年人一样由于有太多的选择而受到困扰。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从一名女飞行员转行加入联合国维和部队的故事。作者在文中不仅描述了她的工作，也表达了对自己工作的骄傲之情。 1．B　[根据下文的“However”可知，作者应该是喜欢自己的飞行员工作的，但是她觉得帮助别人更加重要。enjoy意为“喜欢；享受”，符合语境。] 2．D　[根据上文“I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble”可知，作者认为帮助那些陷入困境的无辜者是她的责任，所以作者加入了联合国维和部队并执行任务。sign up with意为“和……签约”，符合语境。] 3．C　[根据上下文和常识可知，中非共和国是一个相对较小的国家，自20世纪60年代脱离法国独立以来，政府和反叛者之间就冲突不断。independence意为“独立”，符合语境。] 4．A　[根据上文“In 2012, a civil war began”可知，国家内部出现战争，人们应该是逃离了自己的家乡。flee意为“逃离”，符合语境。] 5．C　[根据上文“a civil war began”和下文“the United Nations established a peacekeeping ________ in the country”可知，联合国在中非执行维和任务是对内战的回应。in response意为“作为回应”，符合语境。] 6．D　[根据语境和常识可知，联合国应该是在这个国家执行维和任务。mission意为“任务”，符合语境。] 7．C　[根据语境和常识可知，作为维和部队的成员他们应该监管城市和乡村。monitor意为“监控，监管”，符合语境。] 8．A　[根据上下文语境可知，维和人员监管城市和乡村是为了确保没有冲突发生以及食物和药品的供应。ensure意为“确保”，符合语境。] 9．B　[根据上下文语境可知，作者所在的维和部队任务是保证人们的安全，所以他们应该是让人们远离冲突的屏障。barrier意为“壁垒，屏障”，符合语境。] 10．C　[根据下文“When they see how others respect me”可知，作为一名女性，作者特别受重视，因为作者可以成为这个国家许多妇女和女孩的榜样。value意为“重视”，符合语境。] 11．A　[根据上文的“also”以及下文“be respected”可知，看到作者受重视，其他的非洲女性也觉得和作者一样，她们也值得被尊重。deserve意为“值得，应得”，符合语境。] 12．B　[根据上文“be respected and treated”可知，连词“and”表顺承关系，结合“respected”的意思可知，她们应该被平等对待。equally意为“平等地”，符合语境。] 13．D　[根据下文“It's long hours in a very tough environment．”可知，作者生活环境非常艰苦，因此生活并不是奢华的。fancy意为“奢华的，精致的”，符合语境。] 14．B　[根据上文提到生活环境非常艰苦以及下文“with just a bed in a shared room”可知，作者只有最基本的住宿条件。accommodation意为“住宿”，符合语境。] 15．C　[根据上文“However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the U．N．Peacekeepers, and that makes it all ________．”可知，中非因为维和人员变得更加安全，作者作为其中一员应该是感到值得的。worthwhile意为“值得的”，符合语境。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear Sir or Madam， Knowing that the school English newspaper is looking for an editor responsible for the column “Traditional Chinese Culture”， I'm writing to apply for the position． I think I'm qualified for it．To begin with, I have a good command of English, especially written English．Besides, I have taken the part­time job as an English editor, from which I have gained relevant experience．More importantly, I have a rich knowledge of traditional Chinese culture． I would really appreciate it if I could be given the precious chance．I'm looking forward to your reply． Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$