第1部分 必修第3册 Unit 3 The world of science-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（外研版）

The world of science 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·鞍山市模拟)Feeling as if the whole world was watching me，I was struck dead with embarrassment． 2．(行为描写)(2021·全国乙卷)When she reached one nurse，she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand． 3．(人物描写)(2024·湖南师大附中模拟)She always wore a smile on her face and expressed her love for others． (2024·济南市学情检测)There was Blake，sitting on the ground，sweat rolling down his face．With a hint of desperation in his eyes，he squeezed a sad smile．Putting one of his arms around my shoulder，I supported him slowly to the finish line． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．_____ v．按 2．_____ v．射出(光、线等)，放射 3．______ n．渴望，欲望 4．______ n．小河，小溪 5．____ n．药剂；疗法 6．__________ n．(科学)实验 7．______ v．系，绑；贴 8．_______ v．传导(热、电) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then he went around to local ponds and _______ (stream) and brought back some plants and animals． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers ___________(press) by hand rather than rolled． 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then Jeff noticed steam ________(shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake． 4．The Chinese astronauts are conducting a series of ___________(experiment) to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness in space． 5．Scientists all over the world have been looking for _____(cure) for cancer for many years． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．significant adj．重要的，影响深远的→____________ n．重要性，意义 2．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→______ n．伤害；损伤→_______ adj．受伤的 3．chemistry n．化学→________ adj．化学的→_______ n．化学家 4．accurate adj．精确的→________ n．精确(性)→__________ adv．精确地 5．minor adj．小的→________ n．少数；少数民族 6．declare v．声明，宣告→___________ n．声明，宣告 7．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事→_________ adj．虚构的，编造的 8．science n．科学→_________ n．科学家→__________ adj．科学(上)的 1．The _______ insisted that ________ weapons should be banned internationally．(chemistry) 2．The ___________ discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great ____________ to our country's economy．(significant) 3．Rescuers said that the _______ were taken to a nearby hospital，and fortunately the ______ was not serious and life-threatening．(injure) 4．While calculating the maths problem，you should pay more attention to the ________ of the numbers，or you can't figure it out __________．(accurate) 5．As a famous _________，he makes many __________ discoveries，which proves that the key to the development of society lies in the development of _______ and technology．(science) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏中短语的适当形式填空) 1．___________除此之外，另外 2．___________依据，依照；就……而言 3．__________除……之外 4．_________把……绑/系在……上 5．__________与……一起 6．__________发生 7．________死于 8．____________提出；想出 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Then，with one end of a rope _______ his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began climbing． 2．(2022·浙江卷)All around the world，there are small changes ____________． 3．The differences in the children's achievements cannot be completely explained ___________ their social backgrounds． 4．Catherine，__________ two other boys in our school，was invited to New York to pick up the prizes the other day． 5．My best friends always lend me a helping hand and ____________ solutions to help me whenever I am in trouble． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．the way (＋that/in which)引导定语从句 Look at the pictures and talk about how the way we live has changed over time． 参与者可以写出与这个节日的起源相关的中文词汇或人们庆祝它的方式。 Participants can write Chinese phrases related to the origin of the festival or ____________________________ ______________．(应用文之通知) 2．that引导同位语从句 ．．．while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head． 双胞胎突然想到一个主意：他们可以请爸爸帮忙。 An idea suddenly struck the twins ___________________________ ___________．(续写之心理描写) 1.desire [课本义]n. 渴望，欲望　[增补义]n．渴望的事物/人 v．渴望，期望 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly ________(desire) destination for food lovers． ②The old man desired his son and daughter ________(come) and see him from time to time． ③We desire that immediate help ____________(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood． 人人都渴望成功，然而成功只属于努力工作的人。 ①Everyone ________________________________________ while success only belongs to the hard­working people．(desire n．) ②Everyone ________________________ while success only belongs to the hard­working people．(desire v．) have a strong desire desire to do sth．渴望做某事 desire sb．to do sth．希望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth．希望……做某事 desirable adj．令人向往的 satisfy my desire to keep learning 满足我继续学习的渴望 desire to win the game 渴望赢得比赛 2.cure [课本义]n. 药剂；疗法　[增补义]v．治愈；治疗；改正；解决 ①I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure ________ cancer sooner or later． ②Larry's mother couldn't agree with the doctors' conclusion that her son was ________ cure． 在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些坏的学习习惯，在学习上取得了进步。 With the help of my parents and teachers, I ________________________________ and made progress in my study． a cure for ... ……的治疗方法；……的解决办法 cure sb．of 治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯 beyond cure 无可救药 a cure for any injury in life 生活中种种伤痛的疗法 cure him of his sleeplessness 治好他的失眠 3.attach v.[课本义]系，绑；贴　[增补义]连接；把……固定；使附属；重视 ①(2022·浙江卷)High levels of knowledge can make people too ________(attach) to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics． ②This hospital attached ________ the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood． ③To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to ________(become) rich and famous． 是我们应该高度重视海洋保护的时候了。 It's high time that we should ________________________________________________________________________． attach...to...把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to sth．认为某事有重要性/意义 attached adj．依恋的；附属的 be attached to 附属于；依恋 attach a photo to my application form 在我的申请表上贴一张照片 be attached to the computer games 沉迷于电脑游戏 4．in terms of... 就……来说，从……角度来看 ①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in ________(term) of overall quality． ②What they have done is good for the environment ________ the long term． ③I tend to give up my own idea and come ________ terms with the opinion supported by the majority． 为了保持与老师和同学之间的良好关系，你应该学会和他们好好相处。 To keep up good relationships with your teachers and classmates, you should ____________________________________________________________________． come to terms with让步于；达成协议；和好 be on good/bad terms with sb．与某人关系好/不好 on one's (own) terms 根据某人(自己)的主张/条件 in the long/short term 就长/短期而言 be on good terms with our neighbours与我们的邻居关系很好 won't come to terms with difficulties 不愿向困难妥协 5．[教材原句]So what is it that inspires us to invent things? 那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？ ①(2022·浙江卷)It wasn't until a couple of hours later ________ we opened the doors and began serving dinner． ②I wonder what it is ________ makes you so addicted to the mobile phone． ①就在那一刻，我激动万分，忍不住流下了眼泪。 ________________________ I was so overwhelmed by the feeling of excitement that I couldn't hold back the tears． ②正是那次事件改变了我，给了我全新的生活。 ________________________ changed me，giving me an entirely new life． 强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余． 强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余？ 其特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余？ 特别提醒： 强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余？ It was Mr．Johnson's encouragement that gave me courage． 是Johnson先生的鼓励给了我勇气。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a ________(desire) annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond． 2．To be honest, if you don't stop smoking you cannot ____________(cure) of the disease． 3．In my view, practising handwriting is of great ____________(significant) to the students' growth． 4．One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card ____________(attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes． 5．With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in ____________(term) of intelligence． 6．Actually, all of us desire ____________(achieve) success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond with what we desire． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．(2021·天津卷)It was not until I followed this feeling to its source ________ I discovered I had a passion for writing． 2．China attaches great importance ________ women's development and is willing to cooperate with different countries in the world in this field． 3．Get someone who is ________ good terms with him to try and persuade him to change his mind． 4．Music has a magic power to bring relief and satisfaction and even cure people ________ diseases． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．The emergency nurse can treat minor __________(injure) without reference to a doctor． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The experiment of estimation he ____________(conduct) showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate． 3．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side，we have ____________(science) reports and the captain's record of that terrible day． 4．(2023·全国乙卷)However，we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset ____________(entire)． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．Lucy was deep in thought, trying to come up ________ a plan to reduce costs of production． 2．The job will be offered to whoever is capable ________ performing it well． 3．The entertainment center offers a big swimming pool for visitors．________ addition, it provides free Internet access． 4．Something that happens in your daily life will change the way ________ you look at the world． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right． ________ A．按，压　　　B．印刷机　　　C．出版社 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside，closing the door securely behind me． ________ A．东西，物品 B．把……塞进 C．塞满，装满 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：... the average ... was significantly more accurate than the average ...。For instance为介词短语作________；两个the average后都是过去分词短语作________。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire． 本句是一个并列复合句，可简化为：...your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces ...。to make the changes you desire为不定式短语作________，其中you desire为省略了that/which的________，修饰the changes。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (注：短文中黑体部分为本单元重要词汇或短语。) Science and technology 1．________(be) an significant part of our everyday life．Chemists，astronomers，biologists and other scientists in other fields use scientific methods and accurate techniques for different purposes．They desire 2．________(know) how science and technology work and observe numbers of stuff 3．________(happen) around us．Scientific research might not be every one's idea of fun, but for 4．________ extraordinary and brilliant woman physics professor, Zhou Shuyun is just that, 5．________ enjoys to discover new things．Scientific research is not like writing a fiction，full of imaginative 6．________(account)．It requires dozens of hours of mental concentration．The 7．________(experiment) procedure may take years of preservation and finally need solid proofs and instances for their conclusions．Professor Zhou decided to return to Tsinghua University after working in a world­famous lab in 2012 to start her own physics department, and 8．________ (declare)that she was 9．________(entire) capable of making her own contribution to the country．She hopes that there will be no need to distinguish between male 10．________ female scientists one day． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①每个人都渴望成功，但有时我们却无法避免失败，这给我们带来了巨大压力。 Everyone ____________________， but sometimes we can't avoid failure, which ____________________ to us． ②有证据证明大部分心理疾病与巨大压力有关。 ________________________________ are connected with great pressure． ③当谈到健康时，我们应该把心理健康考虑在内。 When it comes to health, we should ________________________． ④作为高中生，我们不仅要重视学习，而且应该想出办法以缓解压力。 As senior high students, we should not only ________________________ our study, but we should also ________________ to relieve pressure． ⑤只有这样我们学生才能身心健康地成长。 Only in this way can we students grow up ________________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 人物描写 capable, chemist, astronomer, biologist, extraordinary, brilliant, flash 动作描写 press, shoot, injure, draft, attach, conduct, fly a kite, tie ... to Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 生物学家蒂姆对森林中的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶，他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。当他的手机电池没电时，他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。没有指南针或地图，他以为自己无法走出去。更糟糕的是，他绊倒了，腿受伤了。经过无数次的尝试和失败，主干道上的闪光映入了眼帘。在那一刻，他激动得无法形容。 ____________________________________ in the forest, Tim, a biologist, was immersed in ______________．________________________ he realized that he was lost in the forest．Without a compass or a map, he thought he __________________ ______．What's worse, he tripped and ______________．After numerous attempts and failures, he __________________ on the main road．At that moment, he __________________． 11/11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　Unit 3 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．press　2．shoot　3．desire　4．stream　5．cure　6．experiment　7．attach　8．conduct　 语境运用 1．streams　2．are pressed　3．shooting　4．experiments　5．cures　 派生单词 1．significance　2．injury；injured　3．chemical；chemist　4．accuracy；accurately　5．minority　6．declaration　7．fictional　8．scientist；scientific　 语境运用 1．chemist；chemical　2．significant；significance　3．injured；injury　4．accuracy；accurately　5．scientist；scientific；science　 高频短语 1．in addition　2．in terms of　3．apart from　4．tie ... to　5．along with　6．take place　7．die from　8．come up with　 语境运用 1．tied to　2．taking place　3．in terms of　4．along with　5．come up with　 写作佳句背诵 1．the way(that/in which) people celebrate it　2．that they could ask their dad for help 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①desirable　②to come　③(should) be given [完美写作]①has a desire for success/to succeed　②desires to succeed 2．①for　②beyond [完美写作]cured myself of some bad learning habits 3．①attached　②to　③becoming [完美写作]attach great significance/importance to oceans protection 4．①terms　②in　③to [完美写作]learn to be on good terms with them 5．①that　②that [完美写作]①It was at that moment that　②It was that event that 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．desirable　2．be cured　3．significance　4．attached　5．terms　6．to achieve Ⅱ．1．that　2．to　3．on　4．of 层级二 Ⅰ．1．injuries　2．conducted　3．scientific　4．entirely Ⅱ．1．with　2．of　3．In　4．that 层级三 Ⅰ．1．B　2．B Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：状语；定语 尝试翻译：例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。 2．化繁为简：目的状语；定语从句 尝试翻译：也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，作出你想要的改变。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．is/are　2．to know　3．happening　4．an　5．who　6．accounts　7．experimental　8．declared　9．entirely　10．and 维度二 Step 1． ①has a desire for success；brings about great pressure ②There is proof that most mental diseases　③take mental health into account　④attach great importance to；come up with ways　⑤mentally and physically healthy Step 2． Everyone has a desire for success, but sometimes we can't avoid failure, which brings about great pressure to us．There is proof that most mental diseases are connected with great pressure．Therefore, when it comes to health, we should take mental health into account． As senior high students, we should not only attach great importance to our study, but we should also come up with ways to relieve pressure．Only in this way can we students grow up mentally and physically healthy． 维度三 Step 2． Excited and surprised at the rare species；shooting pictures of them；It was when his cell phone battery ran out that；wasn't capable of walking out；got his leg injured；saw the flash；was excited beyond description 20/110 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十五) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种宠物表达某些想法时的一些行为表现。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据Feed me．部分中的“A puppy learns to lick his mother's mouth to get a little leftover food．So Spot isn't kissing you；he just wants a snack．”可知，小狗亲吻它的主人是想要告诉主人它饿了。故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段提到的 dog，第三段提到的 cat 和 birds可知，文中一共提到三种宠物。故选B。] 3．C　[根据I'm stressed．部分中的“Birds also overclean when they feel anxious．Some will even drag out their own feathers．”可知，鸟感到焦虑时，它们会过度清洁自己的羽毛，有些鸟甚至会拔掉自己的羽毛。故选C。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了少年Cash Daniels拯救水资源的故事。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Cash Daniels和其他青少年环保主义者一起，每周花几个小时清理家附近河流里的罐子和瓶子。在1月，他和他最好的朋友共同创立了一个名为The Cleanup Kids的俱乐部。该项目的使命是：鼓励孩子们年底前在全球捡100万磅的垃圾。再根据第二段的“‘As far back as I can remember，I've always loved animals，’ Daniels... his favorite sea creatures．”可知，Daniels对海洋生物特别感兴趣。当他和家人在河边散步发现垃圾时，他立刻想到了他最喜欢的海洋生物。由此可知，对海洋生物的担忧促使了Daniels这个项目的诞生。故选C项。] 5．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Eighty percent of the ocean's trash comes from rivers”可知，80%的海洋垃圾来自河流。由此可推知，河流垃圾是海洋垃圾的最主要来源。故选D项。] 6．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“Marine life especially interests him... his favorite sea creatures．”可知，当Daniels在河边发现垃圾时，他会立马想起他最喜欢的海洋生物。由此可推知，他关爱动物；再根据Daniels与其他青少年环保主义者一起清理家附近河流里的罐子和瓶子、与好朋友成立俱乐部、鼓励孩子们捡垃圾并意识到孩子们肩负着拯救地球的重任等可知，他是有责任心的。故选B项。] 7．B　[主旨大意题。文章围绕Daniels创立俱乐部The Cleanup Kids的原因和使命来展开描述，记叙了他从小喜欢海洋生物，看到垃圾对水资源造成污染时决定采取行动，为拯救水资源而努力；同时他号召成年人改变习惯，呼吁青少年主动担当。由此可知，本文主要讲述了一个少年为拯救水资源、保护河流所做的贡献。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫作ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车在驾驶时不仅不产生二氧化碳，而且还可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Called ‘ZEM’， which stands for ‘zero emission mobility’， the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives．”可知，这种汽车在行驶过程中可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳。由此可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项。] 9．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology．And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge．”可知，研究团队计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明ZEM汽车的卓越前景。故选A项。] 10．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: The car's frame and panels are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused．ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature... ”可知，ZEM的一些创新有助于使其更具可持续性，且ZEM的零部件都是环保、可回收利用的。故选D项。] 11．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers are expected to adopt these innovations, too．”可知，该团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，想刺激汽车制造商未来能大批量生产ZEM这样的车。由此可推知，该团队希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产。故选B项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了曾经屡战屡败的哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在新教练Stuart Henley的带领下，在新的赛季不但获得亚军，还晋级了高一级的联赛。 1．D　[根据下文的“He... to team­building activities to help them bond on and off the field... His ________：coaches could give them guidelines... ”可知，球队换教练(coach)了。] 2．C　[根据上文的“Columbia high school ... two years ago．”可知，哥伦比亚高中女子足球队在赛季中输掉了每一场比赛，直到两年前新教练上任。由此可知，新教练走马上任，对球队进行了整改(reorganized)。] 3．C　[根据第一段的“Columbia high school ... two years ago．”可知，足球队不再输掉比赛，说明她们在进步，队员们进行团建活动是促使她们在球场上进步的原因。credit ... to ... “认为是……的功劳，把……归于……”。] 4．A　[根据常识可知，想在比赛中立于不败之地，队员的各项基本技能都得提高，射门(shooting)是其中的一项。] 5．A　[根据语境可知，新教练是个有想法的人，他的原则(principle)是：教练可以给球员指导方针，但球员们需要自己决定自己的训练内容。] 6．B　[教练针对以前屡战屡败的情况给出自己的指导意见，由队员们确定自己的不足之处，自己确定(decided)加强训练的内容。] 7．C　[新教练的指导意见被队员们采纳，她们学以致用，在比赛中默契配合。integrate ... into ... “把……融入……”，符合语境。] 8．D　[根据上文的“Obviously，the girls were onto something big in the new season．”可知，足球队参加了新赛季的比赛(games)。] 9．D　[这个赛季，前面她们打了八连胜，没有被对方打败(unbeaten)过。D项符合语境。] 10．B　[她们将学到的技能和团队合作融入到比赛中，这使她们取得了八场不败的战绩，直到她们不幸地被威利美洲狮队以3：2击败。由此可知，新赛季中，这支球队得了亚军，冠军头衔是威利美洲狮队的，deny sb．the league title“拒绝给某人联赛冠军头衔”，符合语境。] 11．A　[她们没能获得冠军，但也是亚军，有实力进入更高一级的联赛。promotion“晋升”符合语境。] 12．D　[曾经屡战屡败的一个球队，最终扬眉吐气走出了以往的阴霾，一举获得亚军。这说明“曾经打倒你的东西最终(eventually)让你更强大”。] 13．B　[作为教练的Stuart不仅督促队员们练习技能，更教会她们足球运动中的哲学。] 14．C　[尽管没能获得联赛冠军，但是球队还是超过了预期，将进入更高一级的联赛，迎来更加强大的对手(opponents)。C项符合语境。] 15．B　[一个曾经屡战屡败的球队，在赛季中获得亚军，还晋级到更高一级的比赛，就是一次值得庆祝的胜利(victory)。B项符合语境。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Last Saturday I worked as a volunteer in a children's hospital．I worked in the hall for the whole day and gave directions to the patients，telling them the exact way to each department．I also helped comfort kids，sending lovely toys to them． Though it was a tiring day，I felt really good after helping other people as much as I could．And from volunteering I have learned many things that I have never learned in class．Volunteering is of great benefit to those in need．I'd like to try different volunteer work in the future． 1/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$