第1部分 必修第2册 Unit 6 Earth first-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（外研版）

Earth first 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2024·河北省名校联考)The thoughts made my heart race; I could even smell the fresh ocean breeze right now． 2．(神态描写)(2024·吉林市调研测试)When Kim hung up，she buried her face in her hands，her body shaking as she sobbed． 3．(背景描写)(2024·镇江市模拟)The temperature and clouds were in a race to find their lowest point，and darkness was mere hours away． (2024·湖北省七市调研测试)When the sun disappeared behind heavy gray clouds，they suddenly felt lost，cold and hungry．For half an hour they cautiously moved downwards until they reached a stream．Mist enveloped them as the water raced over a huge rock． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．________ v．把……作为目标 2．________ n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 3．________ v．建立，设立 4．________ v．破损，损害，损伤 5．________ v．影响 6．________ v．减少，降低 7．________ v．移走，搬走，去掉 8．________ adj．平均(数)的 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was __________(remove) harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)． 2．Doctors found it hard ____________ (establish) the precise nature of her illness． 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Yet as the months of ____________(reduce) waste continued，I did what I could that was within my own reach． 4．The environment ____________ (affect) with pollution, causing harm to wildlife and natural resources． 5．A language is a finely tuned instrument which it is a crime ____________ (damage)． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→________ adj．害怕的；恐惧的→________ adj．恐怖的；吓人的 2．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→________ adj．深爱的；忠诚的→________ n．奉献；忠诚 3．adopt v．采取(某种方法)→________ adj．领养的→________ n．采用；收养 4．infect v．感染，传染→________ n．感染，传染病→________ adj．感染的，有传染性的 5．permit v．许可，允许 n．执照；许可证→________ n．允许，许可 6．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→________ adj．紧急的；迫切的→________ adv．紧急地；迫切地→________ n．紧急；紧急情况 7．concern n．& v．关心；担心→________ adj．焦急的，担忧的→________ prep．关于 8．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)→________ n．贡献；捐献 1．________ about the health development of students, the headmaster made a speech ________ how to form good habits．(concern) 2．The ________ doctor ________ himself to saving his patients' lives, and his ________ deserves our respect．(devote) 3．His great ________ to the company have ________ to its rapid development in recent years．(contribute) 4．The teacher ________ that the students be taught how to take ________ action in ________．(urge) 5．Tom, an ________ child, ________ at the age of four and his success in life was largely due to the ________．(adopt) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏中短语的适当形式填空) 1．____________ 害怕地 2．____________ 害怕…… 3．____________ 由于，因为 4．____________ 切掉，砍掉 5．____________ 对……有……影响 6．____________ 把……错当成…… 7．____________ 分解；出故障；打破 8．____________ 把……考虑进去 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Though some ________ initially ________ the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new． 2．(2021·全国乙卷)____________ the growing popularity of environmentally­related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism． 3．Without access to the Internet, they found themselves ____________ from the outside world． 4．Is it the years when you worked in the factory that ____________ your personality? 5．I'd appreciate it if you can ________ my suggestions ________．I do hope my tips will be helpful to you． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film． 她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着她的儿子，热泪盈眶。 ________________________， she held her son tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her eyes．(续写之情感描写) 2．It takes some time (for sb．) to do sth． It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper． 我们花了整整一个下午寻找一个不错的露营地，然后我们在夜幕降临前搭起了帐篷。 ________________________________________ a nice camping place and then we set up our tent before the night fell．(续写之行为描写) 1．devote v．致力，献身，倾注 ①(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)The 60­year­old is not an actor, but a policeman．However, he is more devoted ________ his “role” than any real actor． ②(2021·浙江卷)Leslie Nielsen's ________(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring． ③The more time you devote to ________(practise) your spoken English, the more fluent it will become． 这就是李老师，我敬爱的老师，一生致力于教学事业。 Such is Ms Li, my beloved teacher, who ________________________________． devote...to...把……奉献给……；专注于…… devote oneself to致力于；献身于 be devoted to专心于；致力于 [名师点津]与devote连用的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。 devote her spare time to playing the violin 她的业余时间用于拉小提琴 his devotion to educational cause 他对教育事业的奉献 2．reduce v．减少，降低 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) ________(reduce) loneliness and improve elderly people's well­being． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staff in care homes have reported a ________(reduce) in the use of medicine where hens are in use． ③With great effort, she has reduced her weight ________ five kilograms in the past 20 days． 听到这个消息，她在父母面前流下了眼泪。 Hearing the news, she ______________ in front of her parents． reduce...by...……减少了…… reduce...to...把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态 be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词) reduction n．降低；减少 the most effective way to reduce stress 减少压力最有效的方式 reduce the risk of heart disease and early death 降低心脏病和早死的危险 3．urge [课本义]v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促　[增补义]n．冲动；强烈的欲望 ①(2021·天津卷)When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an ________(urge) need that I felt to work with language． ②Parents should actively urge their children ________(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams． ①他敦促我一步一步来，并向我保证我能做到。 He ________________________ and assured me I could make it． ②汤姆感到尴尬，但他抑制住了跑下台的冲动。 Tom was embarrassed, but he ________________________________________________________________________． urge sb．to do sth．催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth．极力主张……做某事 It is urgent that...(should) do sth．极力主张……做某事 have an urge to do sth．渴望做某事 urge him to do more reading 督促他多阅读 an urge to learn a foreign language 学习一门外语的强烈愿望 4.average [课本义]adj. 平均(数)的　[增补义]adj．普通的，平常的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors ____________(average) together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate． ②(2021·浙江卷)Today's children spend ________ average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet． 从人群中找到吉姆并不困难，因为他的身高高于平均水平。 It is not difficult to pick out Jim among the crowd because ________________________． an average of平均有(后跟数词) on (the) average平均起来 above/below average在平均水平以上/以下 spend an average of about $200 a year on books 平均每年在书上花大约200美元 an average student 一名普通学生 5．take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去 ①When questioned, she was too shocked to give ________ account of what had happened when the attack took place． ②According to the World Bank, China accounts ________ about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption． ③The professor warned the students that ________ no account should they use mobile phones in his class． 我希望您能考虑一下我的建议，我相信您会做出正确的选择。 I hope that you can ________________________________________________， and I'm convinced that you will make a right decision． account v．认为 n．说明；理由；账目 account for...是……的原因；解释；(比例上)占 give an account of 说明；对……进行描述 on account of 由于，因为 on no account 绝不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装) be absent from school on account of illness 因病没去学校 6．[教材原句]However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water． 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country． ②(2022·浙江卷)This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times ________(fast) than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife． The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be twice bigger than the present one． ①The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be ________________________ the present one． ②The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be ________________________ the present one． A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj．/adv．(原级)＋as＋B A＋be＋倍数＋adj．/adv．(比较级)＋than＋B A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 The short film tells about the development of our school．Now our new school is three times what it was ten years ago． 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是十年前的三倍大。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．Our farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times ____________(big) than the previous one． 2．When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, nervous and ____________(puzzle)． 3．Though the city ____________(reduce) to ruins in the great earthquake, it began to breathe again． 4．There is an ____________(urge) need for the government to take necessary measures to reduce air pollution． 5．He devoted himself to ____________(paint), so he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon． 6．Let's develop good habits of saving energy in our daily life and try to make more ____________(contribute) to protecting our environment． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．(2021·浙江卷)A job's a big step to growing up．I'm glad you will be contributing ________ the household． 2．________ average he recites 10 words every day and his English has improved greatly． 3．You are supposed to take your personality ________ account and figure out what kind of jobs would suit you． 4．The new road built in this month is three times ________ width of the old one that was built in 2021． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．The number of women who become pregnant after ____________(adopt) children is legion． 2．The creation of an efficient and ____________(sustain) transport system is critical to the long­term future of the city． 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)I ____________(remove) the sticky spider­webs that covered her head and wings． 4．(2022·浙江卷)As the line of people came toward me, I got a little ____________ (scare)． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．People with a positive attitude ________ life are more likely to succeed． 2．The water supply of this district was cut ________ because the water pipe was broken． 3．It's illegal to read people's private letters ________ permission． 4．Our success was largely due ________ the good cooperation of all team members． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China． ________ A．洪水，洪灾　B．大批，大量　C．洪水般涌现 2．(2022·浙江卷)The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person． ________ A．分解 B．出故障 C．打破 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction． 本句是一个简单句，可简化为：... many solar farm developers have transformed the space ... into a shelter ...。Over the past few years是介词短语作________；under their solar panels是介词短语作________；resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction为动词­ing形式短语作________。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·浙江卷)It's also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally． 本句是一个复合句，可简化为：It's also thought ... 。句首的it为形式主语，而that引导________，其中as well as improving the mental health of those living locally为介词短语作________，living locally为动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰those。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (注：短文中黑体部分为本单元重要词汇或短语。) Establishing a Greener World Climate change and various pollution are issues 1．________ affect us all．More and more people 2．________(concern) about them．Recently, the environment around us has been damaged 3．________(severe), causing drought, floods and other disasters all over the world．Many people who think it the government's responsibility to deal with it don't believe they have power to do anything to improve our environment．That's not true．Together, individuals can make 4．________ difference．The release of the greenhouse gas—carbon dioxide in the air, actually comes as a result of many things we do every day．Here 5．________(be) a few suggestions on how to reduce it, which, I think, you can adopt． If we don't use electrical appliances, such as the bulb, the TV, the computer, 6．________(plug) them immediately．Please use sustainable energy as much as possible．Walk or ride a bike to school or use a bike 7．________(power) by solar．We should use some reusable things made from recyclable materials．What's more, plant more trees as they can absorb carbon dioxide and give out a large amount of fresh air．Besides, persuade and urge everyone around us 8．________(take) action to protect the environment． In a word, it's high time that we 9．________(take) environmental protection into account．Everyone should be devoted to protecting the environment．What we do must contribute 10．________ a greener world． Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①我们学校开展了一项美化校园的活动，旨在提升学生的环保意识。 An activity of beautifying our campus was started in our school，________________ raising students' awareness of environmental protection． ②活动敦促每个学生为保护我们的校园环境做出贡献。 The activity ______________________________ to protecting the environment of our school． ③我们学校的所有学生都采取了积极的态度，结果垃圾基本消失(数量接近为零)。 All the students in our school ________________________ and as a result, ________________ waste things has been close to zero． ④由于这次活动，我们的校园呈现出了新的面貌，干净整洁。 ________________， our campus has taken on a new look, ________________． ⑤我将继续关注校园的环境，并将它当成一种职责。 I'll keep on ________________________ the environment of the campus, and regard it as a duty． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 心理描写 concerned, in fear, be scared/frightened/afraid of 动作描写 dive, damage, adopt, release, leak, remove, cut off, break down Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 桥的高度让我极度害怕，我双腿发抖。深受小女儿的影响，我低声对自己说：“勇敢是最重要的品质。”身边的丈夫很担心我，一直抓着我的胳膊。我力劝自己树立信心，释放压力，然后走到了22米高的吊桥上。幸运的是，我不再恐惧。是女儿的勇敢帮助了我，并促成了我的成功。 ________________________________， my legs trembled．Deeply affected by my little daughter, I whispered to myself, “Bravery was the most significant quality．” My husband beside me ________________________________， grabbing my arm all the time．________________________________， I released my pressure and walked on the 22­meter­high suspension bridge．Fortunately, I was no longer overcome by fear．It was my daughter's bravery that helped me and ________________________． 12/12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第二册　Unit 6 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．target　2．attitude　3．establish　4．damage　5．affect　6．reduce　7．remove　8．average　 语境运用 1．to remove　2．to establish　3．reducing　4．was affected　5．to damage　 派生单词 1．scared；scary　2．devoted；devotion　3．adopted；adoption　4．infection；infectious　5．permission　6．urgent；urgently；urgency　7．concerned；concerning　8．contribution　 语境运用 1．Concerned；concerning　2．devoted；devotes；devotion　3．contributions；contributed　4．urged；urgent；urgency　5．adopted；was adopted；adoption　 高频短语 1．in fear　2．be scared of　3．due to　4．cut ... off　5．have a(n) ... effect upon　6．mistake ... for　7．break down　8．take ... into account　 语境运用 1．are；scared of　2．Due to　3．cut off　4．have an effect upon　5．take；into account　 写作佳句背诵 1．Speechless with happiness　2．It took a whole afternoon for us to seek 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①to　②devotion　③practising [完美写作]has devoted herself to teaching career all her life 2．①to reduce　②reduction　③by [完美写作]was reduced to tears 3．①urgent　②to take [完美写作]①urged me to take one step at a time　②fought the urge to run off the stage 4．①are averaged　②an [完美写作]his height is above average 5．①an　②for　③on [完美写作]take my suggestions into account/take account of my suggestions 6．①the　②faster [完美写作]①three times as big as　②three times the size of 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．bigger　2．puzzled　3．was reduced　4．urgent　5．painting　6．contributions Ⅱ．1．to　2．On　3．into　4．the 层级二 Ⅰ．1．adopting　2．sustainable　3．removed　4．scared Ⅱ．1．towards/to　2．off　3．without　4．to 层级三 Ⅰ．1．B　2．C Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：状语；定语；结果状语 尝试翻译：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能电场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。 2．化繁为简：主语从句；状语 尝试翻译：人们也认为，这些地方能够有助于降低洪灾的危险、清除大气中的碳、应对气候变化，还能提高那些住在当地的人们的心理健康。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．that/which　2．are concerned　3．severely　4．a　5．are　6．unplug　7．powered　8．to take　9．took/should take　10．to 维度二 Step 1． ①targeted at　②urged every student to make contributions/that every student should make contributions　③adopted a positive attitude；the amount of　④Due to the activity；clean and tidy　⑤devoting my attention to Step 2． An activity of beautifying our campus was started in our school，targeted at raising students' awareness of environmental protection．The activity urged every student to make contributions/that every student should make contributions to protecting the environment of our school．All the students in our school adopted a positive attitude and as a result, the amount of waste things has been close to zero．Happily for us, due to the activity，our campus has taken on a new look, clean and tidy．I'll keep on devoting my attention to the environment of the campus, and regard it as a duty． 维度三 Step 2． Greatly scared by the height of the bridge；was concerned about me；Urging myself to build up confidence；contributed to my success 20/110 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) 必修第二册　Unit 6　Earth first Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北省六校期中)Soot (煤烟灰) pollution is speeding up climate­driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit． “It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study．“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels．Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T­shirt does on a warm day．The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming．When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat． “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast．“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective．That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results．On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing．“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well．” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year． 1．What are the feelings expressed in Khan's words in paragraph 2? A．Doubt and concern． B．Confidence and courage． C．Anger and disappointment． D．Optimism and certainty． 2．Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica? A．Burnt plants． B．Tourist vehicles． C．Black carbon elsewhere． D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica． 3．What does Nagorski say about soot? A．It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise． B．It is increasing in amount because of wind． C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight． D．It is like a big mirror on Earth． 4．What might Khan do in the future? A．Help design scientific research regulations． B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation． C．Collect more data about Antarctica． D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica． Ⅱ.阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024年1月，九省联考) Common Mistakes New Runners Make Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it.However，many make a number of common mistakes，which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. 1 ，keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success. ·Doing too much too soon One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon.Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury，so you can continue on with your new running routine. 2 ． · 3 Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight­loss goals，but this couldn't be further from the truth.Running is a high­impact activity which can be really hard on your body.So it's important to give your body a rest between workouts. ·Not wearing the right equipment 4 ，it's important that you wear properly for your workouts.The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes，so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair.Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a pair of shoes. ·Running through pain 5 ．If something hurts when you run，you need to stop and treat the pain.Remember: It doesn't make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy. A．Not taking rest days B．If you're just starting out C．Comparing yourself to others D．Running can be uncomfortable at times E．It's important not to use the same muscles F．While it may be true that you don't need expensive equipment to take up running G．Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·湖南省名校联合体联考)There's just a 1­in­3，700，000 chance that a person will be killed by 1．________ shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about 2．________(be) seen as prey (猎物)．Now, new research supports the long­standing theory, 3．________ explains that it's a case of “mistaken identity” when great whites go in for a bite． A team of biologists 4．________(compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming．They then edited the clips to simulate a great white's vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant's point 5．________ view, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals． “Usually, great white sharks 6．________(regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’．However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like 7．________(they) food，” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science． “They eat seals every day and bites on people are 8．________(extreme) rare，”said Catherine Macdonald, a marine scientist at the University of Miami．“So if they're not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they're solving it? 9．________(hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent．If that's the case, 10．________(addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks．” 答题栏 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·潍坊市模拟)On Black Friday，the busiest shopping day of the year，I went for breakfast in downtown Little Rock． Even at 8 am there was a waiting line at the cafe．Customers stood in groups，chatting and rubbing their cold hands together，waiting to share a hot breakfast and more conversation before pouring into the stores for bargains．I could feel the cheery excitement of the holidays，but it was tied with the usual stress that spoilt the season with layers of anxiety and tiredness． Finally，I was seated by a large window．I noticed that it had begun to rain lightly outside．“Oh，no，”I complained．“I'm going to be dashing around in the rain．Shopping will be messy today！”I heard others complaining，too． Then，out of the corner of my eye，I noticed an elderly man on the other side of the window，making his way carefully down the sidewalk．He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand，sheltering himself from the rain，and balancing several brooms (扫帚) on his right shoulder．Beneath a thin gray coat，he was dressed in brown pants．A striped ski cap protected his head and thick glasses covered his eyes．As I watched，he smiled and stepped politely aside to allow a couple to rush by． “Who's that？”I asked the waitress． “That's Melvin．He's been walking these streets for years and years．I've heard he put several orphans through college by selling those brooms．He's almost blind and in his seventies，but he keeps on working．I don't know how he does it．Everybody buys brooms from him．He lives a poor life but he is a wonderful person．People here have always been good to him．” Suddenly I was curious．This dear man could hardly see．Selling brooms on the streets could not earn good money．Melvin was the one who needed help！“So how does he help people？”I asked frankly． 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant．___________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ We chatted over the breakfast．_____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十二) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现这些年人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟灰污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，这引发人们思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据后文的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melting．”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑碳足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe．”可知，尽管一些污染是通过风从地球其他地区传播过来的，但是南极洲的煤烟灰主要来自游轮、车辆、飞机和发电机的废气。由此可知，南极洲煤烟灰的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming．”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟灰之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故选A。] 4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this ... for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year．”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1．F　[空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生有害的副作用”。] 2．E　[根据空前的“it's just as important ... workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。] 3．B　[空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸。接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答。] 4．A　[根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。] 5．G　[根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝盖和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，鲨鱼吃人是因为它们把人误认作海豹。 1．a　[考查冠词。句意：一个人被鲨鱼杀死的概率只有三百七十万分之一，但这种恐惧仍然足以让游泳者担心被其视为猎物。shark是可数名词，结合句意可知，此处表泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰，且shark的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。] 2．being　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。about是介词，其后跟动词­ing形式作宾语。故填being。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。句意：现在，新的研究支持了一个存在已久的理论，该理论解释说，大白鲨咬人是 “认错身份”的情况。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为theory，指物，设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。] 4．compared　[考查时态。句意：一组生物学家比较了海豹和人类游泳的视频。设空处作谓语，且句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填compared。] 5．of　[考查介词。句意：然后，他们对这些片段进行编辑，模拟大白鲨的视角，发现从海洋生物的角度来看，人类确实与海豹非常相似。from one's point of view是固定短语，意为“从某人的角度看”。故填of。] 6．are regarded　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，大白鲨被视为“愚蠢的杀手”和“喜欢吃人肉”。regard和great white sharks之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语great white sharks是复数。故填are regarded。] 7．their　[考查代词。句意：……我们只是看起来像它们的食物……根据语境可知，此处修饰名词food表示 “它们的”，故用形容词性物主代词。故填their。] 8．extremely　[考查词性转换。句意：迈阿密大学的一位海洋科学家凯瑟琳·麦克唐纳说：“它们每天吃海豹，咬人的情况极为罕见。”设空处修饰形容词rare应用副词extremely。故填extremely。] 9．To hit　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了击中正确的目标，鲨鱼可以依靠其他感官，比如气味。根据语境可知，设空处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填To hit。] 10．additional　[考查词性转换。句意：如果是这样的话，关于大白鲨如何使用这些感官的进一步研究可能有助于防止更多的攻击。设空处作定语，修饰名词studies应用形容词additional。故填additional。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant．Waiting customers smiled and cleared the way for him．A few shook his hand．Others patted his shoulder as he moved quietly from table to table，smiling and asking，“Do you need a broom today？”Several frequenters bought from him and rose to pile their new brooms near the doorway．He gestured toward his brooms by the door，“I'm grateful for what you did for me．” At the scene，I was deeply touched by this man and his story．I ordered him a breakfast and asked him to sit next to me． We chatted over the breakfast．From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us ... well，at least me，who complained just because we had to go shopping in the rain．He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better．He really made me feel humbled，and it was then that I decided to be intentionally positive and become a better person． 1/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$