第2部分 板块1 第1讲 名词和数词-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课件（外研版）

第二部分 语法考点突破 板块一　词形的变换 第1讲　名词和数词 题型 高考典题 命题角度 语法填空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the _____(six) century B．C． 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists． 3．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and ___________(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines． 4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，they learned to work with the _______ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields． 5．(2020·浙江1月卷)For Japan，the _______(number) are more striking—22 in 1950，46 today and 53 in 2050． 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式； 2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。 sixth interviews watchtowers seasons numbers 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 考点一　名词的数 1．名词单数变复数的规则变化 规则变化 例词 一般情况加-s map→maps；girl→girls；house→houses 以-th结尾的，加-s month→months；truth→truths 以-s，-x，-sh，-ch 结尾的，加-es class→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches 注意：stomach(胃)的复数是 stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 规则变化 例词 以“辅音字母＋y”结 尾的，变y为i再加-es city→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→ factories 注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys 以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的，一般加-es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes 注意：1．少数名词加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s 2．少数名词只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos 以“元音字母＋o”结尾的，加-s radio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 规则变化 例词 以-f，-fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加-es half→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives 注意：1．也有的直接加-s， 如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs 2．还存在有两种复数形式的， 如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law passer-by→passers-by storyteller→storytellers go-between→go-betweens grown-up→grown-ups 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 2．名词单数变复数的不规则变化 变化情况 例词 特殊变化 child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice； 特殊变化 man→men；woman→women 注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和 -women，如an Englishman→two Englishmen；但German不是合 成词，故复数形式为Germans 有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法 细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→ data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数) 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 1．The ______ (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper, but they are not as good． 2．The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by ____ (mouse) and rats． 3．Here he sat, with his pipe between his _____(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees． 4．Police were reported to have seized all ______(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper． pianos mice teeth copies 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 5．The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and _____(roof) in the cold and freezing winter． 6．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that ______ (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets． 7．I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with ___________(passer-by)． 8．The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural _________ (phenomenon) and farming activities． roofs wolves passers-by phenomena 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 9．An ant has two ________ (stomach), of which one holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants． 10．Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the ______(hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people． stomachs heroes 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 考点二　名词的所有格 变化规则 例子 有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。 his father's boss 他爸爸的老板 表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的名词后可加-'s。 today's paper 今天的报纸 England's shore 英国的海岸 the car's design 这辆车的设计 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 变化规则 例子 在某些习惯用语中，名词要加-'s。 a stone's throw 近在咫尺 keep sb at arm's length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人 be at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷 如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。 Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系) Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈) 双重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人。 a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of Mary's 玛丽的两张照片 表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等词常省略。 at the doctor's (office)在诊所里 at the barber's (shop)在理发店 at Mr Green's (house)在格林先生家 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 1．Tom goes to the ________(barber) to have his hair cut every third week． 2．“_______ (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said． 3．The article concludes that ________ (parents) education affects their children's future． 4．After a _________(moment) hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger． barber's Today's parents' moment's 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 5．Studies show that a _______ (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment． 6．It's about an ______ (hour) drive from our school to the city centre, but it takes more time at weekends． 7．Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the _______(earth) surface in the form of heat． 8．We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a _______ (stone) throw away from the railway station for the sake of convenience． child's hour's earth's stone's 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 考点三　数词——基数词和序数词 1．基数词变序数词的规则 一、二、三 one→first，two→second，three→third 从四起加-th four→fourth，five→fifth... eight少个t eight→eighth nine删除e nine→ninth -ve用f代替 five→fifth，twelve→twelfth -ty变成tie twenty→twentieth 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 2．分数/倍数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词 1/3：one third 分子大于1，分母用复数 2/5：two fifths 两倍，两次；三倍，三次 twice；three times 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 1．Saturn is the ______(two) biggest planet in the solar system． 2．It's reported that _________(thousand) of antelopes are killed for their fur each year． 3．If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus _____(two) the size can hold! 4．Some men are old at sixty-five; others are still as lively as crickets in their _________(eighty)． second thousands twice eightieth 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 5．Next season will be my _____(nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract． 6．Then, when I was in the _____(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much． 7．On his _______(twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat, saying, “I don't think it's right to eat animals．” 8．Today, experts believe that nearly two ______(three) of the world's population live within eighty kilometres of the seacoast． ninth fifth twelfth thirds 考点三 考点二 考点一 板块一　第1讲　名词和数词 $$