Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元测试-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

null Unit 1 Science and Scientists测试卷 （满分：150分 时间：120分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shin? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What should the man do to save his plant? A. Give it more food. B. Give it less sunlight. C. Give it less water. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: Do you have any idea what’s wrong with my houseplant? It gets plenty of sun and enough plant food. W: Are you watering it too often? Remember this plant comes from the desert where there’s hardly any rain. M: Ah. Maybe that’s the problem! 2. What do we know about the woman? A. She is short with dark hair. B. She has a cousin with golden hair. C. She dreamed of making hair changes. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: It seems to be human nature to pursue what we don’t have. Tall people want to be shorter, and short people want to be taller... W: I know. For example, when I was younger, my cousin always wanted my golden hair, and I wanted dark hair like hers. 3. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Add her to the waiting list. B. Book a ticket for her. C. Give her a phone number. 【答案】A 【原文】 W: Hi, are there any tickets left for tonight’s concert? M: Sorry, they’re sold out. But I can put you on the waiting list, in case there are any cancellations tonight. Would you like me to do that? W: Oh, yes, please. Let me give you my phone number. 4. What are the speakers probably doing right now? A. Attending a party. B. Going food shopping. C. Searching for a parking space. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: Oh, this is so annoying! We’ve been driving around for ages, and I haven’t seen a single space. W: There’s a street party going on in town today. That’s probably why it’s busy. Let’s try the supermarket... You can park there for free as long as you buy something. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their plans for the future. B. A friend of theirs. C. A movie character. 【答案】C 【原文】 W: So, tell me a little bit about the character you played in your new film Last Weekend. M: Well, Jake is a sort of the ‘everyman’ character. He doesn’t have any special talents. In fact, he lives a pretty boring life, until his old friend Maggie returns to town... 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段长对话，回答6、7小题。 6. Why can’t the man use his own phone? A. It has run out of battery. B. He has lost it somewhere. C. There’s a problem with the screen. 7. How does the app help the woman sleep? A. It plays relaxing music. B. It blocks out the blue screen light. C. It prevents Internet use in the evening. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【原文】 M: Can I borrow your phone for a second? Mine is dead, and I can’t find my charger. W: Sure. M: Thanks. Hey, what’s wrong with your screen? It’s all dark and the colors look strange. W: Oh! I’ve been using an app called “Sunset” to help me sleep at night. M: Really? How? W: Well, studies show that too much blue light from screens can make sleeping difficult. So, in the evenings, the app puts a red filter (滤光器) over the screen to cancel it out. M: Oh, interesting. Does it help? W: Yeah, I think so! I also listen to white noise, which helps me fall asleep too. 听下面一段长对话，回答8至10小题。 8. What is the man’s problem? A. He has a temperature. B. He is struggling to save energy. C. He is too cold to do his work. 9. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In the woman’s house. C. In a school. 10. What does the woman suggest? A. Focusing on typing the report. B. Taking better care of their health. C. Discussing the issue with the boss. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 【原文】 M: Can we do something about the temperature in here? I have so many emails to deal with today, but my hands are so cold that I can hardly type my report! W: I know. I’ve been struggling too. But the heat probably won’t be turned on until the end of the month. M: Why not? W: It’s a part of the company’s plans to save energy. M: Well, I can understand that. But how are we supposed to work in these conditions? W: I guess we always have the choice to work from home. M: True. But before my youngest daughter starts school, it’s just too difficult for me to do that. I wouldn’t be able to focus. W: Then I think we should talk to the boss about what can be done, otherwise people will start getting ill. 听下面一段长对话，回答10至13小题。 11. How do the speakers feel now? A. Bored. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. 12. What is probably the woman’s main interest? A. Gardening. B. Toy houses. C. Model trains. 13. What will the man probably do first? A. Go to the bathroom. B. Get something to eat. C. Buy the tickets. 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 【原文】 W: Well, here we are! I can’t wait to get inside and see what’s on offer! M: I heard this year’s Mini Fair is going to be even bigger and better than last year’s. It won’t disappoint us. W: Oh really? I had to go to a boring work event at that time, so I couldn’t come last year. M: Yes! I got so many things for my model train set. W: Like what? M: Well, the coolest things I got were some tiny little trees. They looked so real. W: Wow! M: I’m hoping the guy who sells them is here again this year. W: I hope so! Now that I’m satisfied with the inside part of my dolls’ house, I want to focus on creating the garden. So, it would be great to get some little plants and trees. What about you? M: I want some little model cars and people to add to my train station scene. But I need to find a toilet first. W: Over there, by the restaurant hall. M: Great. Meet you in five minutes, by the ticket desk. 听下面一段长对话，回答14至17小题。 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Strangers. C. Teacher and student. 15. What month is it now? A. September. B. October. C. November. 16. What sport was the man involved in? A. Football. B. Swimming. C. Basketball. 17. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. An artist. B. An athlete. C. A doctor. 【答案】14. B 15. A 16. B 17. C 【原文】 W: Hi, are you here for the tour? M: Yes, I’m Michael Green. Are you the head girl? W: That’s right. I’m Jayne Palmer. You look a bit older than the kids I usually show around the school! M: Ha-ha! Yeah, I’ll be sixteen next month. W: My birthday is in October, too! M: Really? W: Yeah! So, why are you changing schools? M: Well, my mom got a new job in this area, so we’re moving here. I’ve heard good things about this place. W: Well, as you can see, we have some great facilities... Here are the basketball courts. Then just behind them, you’ll see the football field and the running track. And that building over there is our swimming pool. M: Wow! There wasn’t room for anything like this at my previous school. I was on the swimming team, but we had to travel to use the city pool for our practices. W: Well, we’ve certainly got plenty of space. The arts teaching here is also excellent. We have a music studio and our own theater. M: Amazing! W: So, where would you like to go first? M: Well, I’m quite interested to see the science facilities. I’m hoping for a career in medicine. W: Okay, great! Well, the laboratories have all been updated recently, so we’ve got some really good equipment. Follow me. 听下面一段独白，回答18至20小题。 18. Who did the speaker go to the AI Canteen with? A. A family member. B. A local friend. C. A business partner. 19. What is one disadvantage of the canteen according to the speaker? A. It lacked human emotions. B. There wasn’t much choice. C. The food didn’t taste very nice. 20. How many people can the AI system serve in a day? A. 100. B. 200. C. 300. 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B 【原文】 On my recent business trip to Shanghai, I met up with a local friend who took me out for a very interesting evening meal. At the Community AI Canteen, everything is done by robots. When you walk in there, you place your order on a screen. Using robotic arms, the intelligent cooking system then cooks your food before packing it up... It even adjusts the temperature, depending on whether you want to eat it straight away or take it home with you! To pay, you place your food on a smart cash desk, which immediately calculates (计算) the cost. There’s even a 24-hour noodle machine just outside, which offers hot and fresh food around the clock. The canteen offers a huge amount of choices and the dishes taste great. It is really fun to get “a taste of the future”. However, I’m not sure I would like all restaurants to be run by robots. I can see the benefits for busy families or office workers needing a quick lunch, but what about lonely older people who would miss the human touch? I do think we will see more places like this in the future, though. At best, a human waiter can serve around 100 people in a day. The AI system can serve double that figure, making it good for business. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hydrogen Shot Fellowship The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. Enter this program, an opening for 1-2 current Bachelors’, Masters’, and Doctoral students to come work with us. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. Science Careers at Argonne This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. At the event, Argonne National Laboratory’s female scientists and engineers instruct students on their career goals, provide networking opportunities, and share Argonne’s work to advance science, including global challenges such as fighting the climate crisis. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World This dynamic program invites students to explore the many applications of nuclear science and its impact on energy, healthcare, food, and the environment through an interactive set of free resources. Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. Participants will complete a cutting-edge research project at one of DOE’s national laboratories or at DOE headquarters under the instruction of our scientists and engineers. The best part is that you will contribute to the FECM mission of minimizing the environmental impacts of fossil fuels while working towards net-zero emissions! 21. Which program is designed for girls? A. Hydrogen Shot Fellowship. B. Science Careers at Argonne. C. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World. D. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program. 22. What can students do in Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World? A. Go on virtual field trips. B. Start different careers. C. Research with nuclear scientist. D. Get network opportunities. 23. What do the four programs have in common? A. They are energy-related. B. They are STEM programs. C. They target undergraduates. D. They aim to tackle climate crisis. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 【导语】本文属于应用文。文章介绍了四个不同的项目或计划，每个部分都提供了简要的描述、目标群体、活动内容或目的等信息，旨在通知或宣传这些聚焦于STEM教育、清洁能源、核科学及能源研究领域的项目机会。 21. 细节理解题。由Science Careers at Argonne部分中的“This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. (这个年度项目直接为女高中生提供探索STEM职业的灵感、知识和技巧，旨在倡导STEM劳动力中更大的性别多样性。)”可知，这个项目是专为女生设计的。故选B。 22. 细节理解题。由Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World部分中的“Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. (探索STEM项目启动者，数字课程计划和令人兴奋的虚拟实地考察，您可以了解核科学的不同职业。)”可知，学生可以在Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World项目中参与虚拟实地考察。故选A。 23. 推理判断题。由Hydrogen Shot Fellowship部分中的“The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. (美国能源部（DOE）今年启动了能源地球计划，旨在在十年内加速清洁能源解决方案的突破，并培训实现这一目标所需的多样化STEM劳动力。)”、Science Careers at Argonne部分中的“This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. (这个年度项目直接为女高中生提供探索STEM职业的灵感、知识和技巧，旨在倡导STEM劳动力中更大的性别多样性。)”、Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World部分中的“Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. (探索STEM项目启动者，数字课程计划和令人兴奋的虚拟实地考察，您可以了解核科学的不同职业。)”、The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program部分中的“This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. (本课程面向希望获得能源研究经验的STEM专业本科生和研究生。)”可知，它们都是STEM项目。故选B。 B As China’s cities grow, they are also sinking. An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science. “Land subsidence (下沉) is a problem that almost exists everywhere,” said Robert Nicholls, a climate scientist and civil engineer at the University of East Anglia who reviewed the paper, “To my knowledge, this study is the first to measure land subsidence across many urban areas using state-of-the-art radar (雷达) data from satellites. I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.” The new study was based on satellite radar measurements of how much the ground surface in 82 major cities, accounting for three-quarters of the urban population, moved up or down between 2015 and 2022. The researchers compared these measurements to data on potential contributing factors. Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. These activities leave empty space underground where soil and rocks can press together or collapse. Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. “It’s difficult to stop subsidence entirely,” Dr. Nicholls said, “You’ve got to live with what’s left. “ 24. What do the figures in paragraph 1 imply? A. Cities grow at an alarming speed. B. Cities face fierce climate change. C. Land subsidence is under control. D. Land subsidence is an urgent issue. 25. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “unheeded” in paragraph 2? A. Ignored. B. Identified. C. Undefined. D. Overestimated. 26. What may contribute to land subsidence in cities according to the passage? A. Energy extraction. B. Overuse of farmland. C. Population expansion. D. Uneven distribution of water. 27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. City planning calls for joint efforts. B. Groundwater is to blame for land sinking. C. Measures can be taken to ease subsidence. D. Flooding prevention deserves further research. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地面下沉问题的背景、原因和一些应对措施。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段“An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science. (根据《科学》杂志发表的一项新研究，估计该国16%的主要城市每年高度下降超过10毫米，近一半的城市每年下降超过3毫米。)”可知，第一段的数字意味着地面沉降问题严重，是一个亟需解决的问题。故选D。 25. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.” (我认为，我们现有的大多数适应策略和应对气候变化的计划都是不准确的，因为它们没有包括地面沉降。地面沉降是一个unheeded问题。它还没有被研究过，例如，海平面上升已经被研究过了。”)”可知，地面沉降问题还没有像是海平面上升那样被研究过，由此可推知，地面沉降问题是未被注意的，划线单词表示“未被注意的”，与Ignored意义相近。故选A。 26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. (研究发现，这些城市的沉降部分是由建筑物的纯粹重量造成的。城市地下的地下水开采也发挥了作用，石油钻探和煤炭开采也是如此。)”可知，建筑物的重量、城市地下水开采以及能源开采是造成地面下沉的原因。故选A。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. (低于海平面并不意味着一座城市会自动被摧毁。荷兰的大部分地区都在海平面以下，正在下沉，但该国已经进行了广泛的工程设计，以防止某些地方发生洪水，并在其他地方适应洪水。上海已经在限制地下水开采，而且下沉速度比其他城市慢。在日本，多年来的地下水管理已被证明是成功的。)”可推知，采取有效措施后，地面沉降问题可以被缓解，即可以采取措施缓解地面沉降。故选C。 C My mother died of breast cancer when she was merely 50 in 1970. Afterwards, the comment repeated most often was: “You’ll need to be careful for the rest of your life because it may have been passed to you.” In 1994, the first ever breast cancer gene testing arrived. I jumped right to it and tested negative. I’m thankful for the science that has given me this preventive screening (筛查). Good for me, but is it good for everyone? Here’s the catch. Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me. The same went to the mapping of the human genes. The problem is that we know little about how new treatments might work for people of other races. If we diversify patients in clinical trials, we can realize the promise of personalized medicine for everyone, not just white patients. Faced with the unfair phenomena in medical research, what should we do to resolve the problem? Not only do we need more diverse populations participating in research, but we also need diversity among biomedical researchers and medical professionals to make efforts. That makes research stronger and builds trust with diverse communities. A medical team is working on this now. They are building a diverse next generation of gene editing researchers by teaching high school and community college students from different backgrounds about promising technologies like gene editing to encourage them to become future researchers. This sort of educational outreach can also help to build trust in the medical and research communities. The team leader, John Cooper, PhD, has been outspoken about the current inequalities of delivering new technologies to all people at a fair cost. Numerous scientists and medical leaders are working to change the situation. While science wasn’t yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all. 28. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To explain the cause of her mother’s cancer. B. To show her concerns over medical inequalities. C. To indicate the side effects of genetic testing. D. To emphasize the progress in the medical field. 29. What does the underlined words “the catch” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A previous study. B. An urgent appeal. C. An underlying issue. D. A workable solution. 30. What might enable new treatments to benefit all? A. Conducting research on genetic diseases. B. Delivering speeches to interested students. C. Building confidence in potential medical researchers. D. Popularizing technologies in various communities. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research? A. Supportive. B. Dismissive. C. Opposed. D. Impartial. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了遗传疾病研究中的种族偏见问题以及如何解决这一问题的策略。 28. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Good for me, but is it good for everyone?( 对我来说是好事，但对每个人来说都是好事吗？)”可知，作者在第一段中讲述了自己的故事，然后引出了医学不平等的问题。由此推知，第一段的作用是展示作者对医学不平等的关注。故选B。 29. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句子“Here’s the catch. Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me.(这就是问题所在。遗传疾病的研究主要基于像我这样的欧洲人)”可知，遗传疾病的研究主要基于像作者这样的欧洲人，可以推测出，“the catch”指的是隐藏的问题或潜在的难题，即当前遗传疾病研究主要基于欧洲人种，忽略了种族多样性带来的影响。因此，C选项“An underlying issue(潜在的问题)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 30. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If we diversify patients in clinical trials, we can realize the promise of personalized medicine for everyone, not just white patients.(如果我们在临床试验中使患者多样化，我们就可以实现个性化医疗对每个人的承诺，而不仅仅是白人患者)”可知，如果我们在临床试验中使病人多样化，我们就可以为每个人实现个性化药物的承诺，而不仅仅是白人患者。由此可知，在不同的社区推广技术可以使新的治疗方法惠及所有人。故选D。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While science wasn’t yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all(尽管科学尚未发展到足以拯救我母亲的地步，但我已经从先进的研究中获益，我们也都应该如此)”可知，虽然科学还不足以拯救我的母亲，但我收获了先进研究的好处，我们所有人都应该如此。由此推知，作者对先进的研究持支持的态度。故选A。 D On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan province, a bus full of science kits stops by, drawing a crowd of pupils eager to explore what is inside. Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded from the bus and begin dancing with consistent humanlike moves. The bus was not a performance troupe of any kind but rather a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and the social media platform Douyin, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the country’s vast rural areas. Since February, thanks to the joint initiative, scientists, science educators and science museum staff have walked into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. Astrophysicist Wu Xiangping, who has traversed China’s remote middle and western regions for popular science work, says that rural children are just as curious as their urban peers in science classes, calling for more scientific education resources in remote areas. Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a shortage of qualified teachers and equipment for scientific education. A survey conducted by the ministry in 2021 covering 31 provincial- level regions across the country showed that science teachers at primary schools mostly lack related educational backgrounds. In June 2021, the State Council issued an action plan for improving the scientific quality of nationals from 2021 to 2035, vowing to expand the recruitment of college students majoring in scientific education and strengthen online training of science teachers. According to the document, 100,000 science tutors would be trained each year at the grassroots level. Zhang Jiantao, a teacher at a town school in Gushi county, Henan, gained notable fame for his novel science classes by turning rubbish bins into drones and water bottles into “water-propelled rockets”. A former mathematics teacher, Zhang volunteered to focus on teaching science to the school’s more curious students, who are mostly left behind by their city- bound working parents in the care of grandparents. “The kids love conducting experiments,” Zhang says. “After doing experiments together, they are more open to me and focus better in classes.” 32. What is the main purpose of the bus according to paragraph 1? A. To give students a science class. B. To present a wonderful performance about science. C. To stimulate students’ enthusiasm for science. D. To attract more teachers to come for the employment. 33. What are the challenges that most rural areas confronted with according to Lyu Guofan? A. Lack of scientific education equipment and qualified teachers. B. Lack of enthusiasm for science education among students and teachers. C. Insufficient funding from government and social organizations. D. Shortage of teachers with corresponding knowledge background. 34. How does the author develop the last but one paragraph? A. Giving a definition. B. Listing statistics. C. Making a comparison. D. Giving examples. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Initiatives ignites passion for rural science education B. A “bus” gives curious students an unforgettable experience C. Science guarantees a promising future for education D. Teachers open up a new path for educational development 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了由教育部、中国科技馆和社交媒体平台抖音联合组织的移动科学课堂，旨在激发农村儿童对科学的热情，并介绍了农村地区在科学教育方面面临的挑战和解决方案。 32. 细节理解题。由第一段中“The bus was not a performance troup e of any kind but rather a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and the social media platform Douyin, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the country’s vast rural areas. (这辆公交车不是任何形式的表演，而是由教育部、中国科技馆和社交媒体平台抖音联合举办的移动科学课，旨在为中国广大农村地区的儿童播下对科学的热情种子)”可知，这辆公交车的主要目的是激发学生对科学的热情。故选C项。 33. 细节理解题。由第二段中“Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a shortage of qualified teachers and equipment for scientific education. (河南省科学技术协会会长Lyu Guofan说，农村地区大多面临着缺乏合格的教师和科学教育设备的问题)”可知，Lyu Guofan认为，农村地区面临的挑战是缺乏科学教育设备和合格的教师。故选A项。 34. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“Zhang Jiantao, a teacher at a town school in Gushi county, Henan, gained notable fame for his novel science classes by turning rubbish bins into drones and water bottles into “water-propelled rockets”. A former mathematics teacher, Zhang volunteered to focus on teaching science to the school’s more curious students, who are mostly left behind by their city- bound working parents in the care of grandparents. (张建涛是河南固始县一所镇学校的老师，他以新颖的科学课而闻名，他把垃圾桶变成了无人机，把水瓶变成了“水推进火箭”。张曾是一名数学老师，他自愿专注于向学校里更好奇的学生教授科学，这些学生大多被他们在城市工作的父母留在家里，由祖父母照顾)”可知，作者通过举例来展开这一段。故选D项。 35. 主旨大意题。由第一段中“The bus was not a performance troup e of any kind but rather a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and the social media platform Douyin, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the country’s vast rural areas. (这辆公交车不是任何形式的表演，而是由教育部、中国科技馆和社交媒体平台抖音联合举办的移动科学课，旨在为中国广大农村地区的儿童播下对科学的热情种子)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了由教育部、中国科技馆和社交媒体平台抖音联合组织的移动科学课堂，旨在激发农村儿童对科学的热情，并介绍了农村地区在科学教育方面面临的挑战和解决方案，“倡议点燃了对农村科学教育的热情”符合文意。故选A项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We certainly look different. The most obvious differences between boys and girls are our bodies, inside and out. For example, can men have babies? Can women grow beards? 36 In the 1800s, scientists developed a theory called craniology (头骨学), which said that intelligence could be measured by skull size. Men have bigger skulls than women. So men must be smarter, people thought. 37 No one encouraged them to go on in school. Some doctors even said women who went to college would no longer be able to have children! Of course, now we know these beliefs aren’t true. In the 1950s, psychologists gave girls and boys science tests to see if they could tell who was smarter. On average, the girls did worse than the boys. 38 But is this really true? Instead of measuring natural ability, maybe the tests revealed something about the conditions under which children were being taught. Parents and teachers didn't expect girls to do well in math or science，and so they didn’t encourage them. In class, teachers focused their attention on boys. 39 As scientists continue to investigate, they have discovered that boys do seem to be better than girls at something called spatial rotation (空间转动). Girls，on the other hand, do better on some tests of vocabulary and language. Why? 40 They often give girls dolls to play with, while they more frequently give boys blocks. Playing with blocks helps children develop spatial skills. So without meaning to, adults might be helping boys develop better spatial skills. And maybe they talk to girls more, which helps girls with those vocabulary words. A. But how different are we really? B. Therefore, women were treated differently. C. This influenced how well boys learned and how poorly girls did. D. If our bodies differ, what does that say about our intelligence and skills? E. Naturally，researchers concluded that boys are smarter than girls in science. F. Studies have shown that parents treat boys and girls differently as soon as they’re born. G. According to psychologists, girls were less intelligent than boys in many aspects. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. E 39. C 40. F 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因女孩受到的不同对待和期望，导致女孩在科学和数学方面的表现不如男生。 36. 上文The most obvious differences between boys and girls are our bodies, inside and out. For example, can men have babies? Can women grow beards?(男孩和女孩最大的不同是我们的身体，从内到外。例如，男人能生孩子吗？女人会长胡子吗？)与D. If our bodies differ, what does that say about our intelligence and skills?(如果我们的身体不同，这对我们的智力和技能有什么影响？)承接自然，选项承认有这些不同，并提出这些不同会带来什么影响，bodies是关键词，故选D项。 37. 上文Men have bigger skulls than women. So men must be smarter, people thought.(男人比女人的颅骨更大。因此人们认为他们更聪明。)与B. Therefore, women were treated differently.(因此，女性受到了不同的对待。)承接自然，上文是女性受到不同对待的原因，上下文构成明显的因果关系，故选B项。 38. 上文In the 1950s, psychologists gave girls and boys science tests to see if they could tell who was smarter. On average, the girls did worse than the boys. (在20世纪50年代，心理学家对女孩和男孩进行了科学测试，看它们是否能区分谁更聪明。平均而言，女孩的表现比男孩差。)与E. Naturally，researchers concluded that boys are smarter than girls in science.(自然，研究人员得出结论，在科学上男孩比女孩聪明。)承接自然，因为有了测试，所以得出了结论，故选E项。 39. 上文Parents and teachers didn't expect girls to do well in math or science，and so they didn’t encourage them. In class, teachers focused their attention on boys. (家长和老师并不期望女孩在科学或数学中做得好，因此他们不会鼓励她们。在课堂上，老师把注意力集中在男生身上。)与C. This influenced how well boys learned and how poorly girls did.(这导致男孩学得好，女孩学得差。)承接自然，上文是男孩学的好和女孩学得不好的原因，那就是父母和老师不重视女孩在科学和数学方面的表现，故选C项。 40. 下文They often give girls dolls to play with, while they more frequently give boys blocks. (他们通常给女孩玩具娃娃，然而常常给男孩积木。)与F. Studies have shown that parents treat boys and girls differently as soon as they’re born.(研究表明，男孩和女孩一出生，父母对待他们就不一样。)承接自然，下文是父母对男女孩区别对待的具体表现，故选F项。 第II卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn’t considered lots of career 41 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people 42 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 43 . I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 44 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 45 . Dr. Espinoza was a caring and 46 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me 47 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 48 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. Due to Dr. Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 49 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 50 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 51 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 52 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 53 , I loved every minute of it. Falling in love with science was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 54 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who showed me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 55 new knowledge. 41. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements 42. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging 43. A. university B. office C. room D. lab 44. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork 45. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar 46. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe 47. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall 48. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer 49. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for 50. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore 51. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged 52. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy 53. A. came about B. broke up C. set off D. turned out 54. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow 55. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. C 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是怎样爱上生物学，通过老师和教授们的帮助，成为一位科学家的。 41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业时，我没考虑过众多的职业选择。A. development发展；B. difficulty困难；C. choices选择；D. requirements必要条件。通过下文“that I had other choices”可推知，此处指作者从高中毕业的时候，没有考虑过很多职业选择。故选C项。 42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像大多数在数学和科学课上取得好成绩的学生一样，我发现人们鼓励我成为一名工程师。A. appointing任命；B. forcing强迫；C. allowing允许；D. encouraging鼓励。通过上文“Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes”以及下文“me to be an engineer”可推知，作者理科成绩好，所以有人鼓励作者成为一名工程师。故选D项。 43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我上大学时，一切都改变了。A. university大学；B. office办公室；C. room房间；D. lab实验室。根据下文“While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions”可推知，此处指作者上大学的时候，一切都变了。故选A项。 44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记第一次参加生物学讲座的感觉。A. league联赛；B. lecture演讲；C. test测试；D. teamwork团队合作。通过下文“Her exciting classes made me”可推知，此处指作者永远不会忘记他第一次参加生物学讲座的感觉。故选B项。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我得到的结果正好相反。A. opposite相反的；B. traditional传统的；C. typical典型的；D. similar相似的。通过上文“the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict”以及下文“caring and __46__ teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可推知，此处指作者发现教授与自己想象的不一样，即完全相反。故选A项。 46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Espinoza博士是一位充满爱心和热情的老师，她的两个学期的课程让我爱上了生物学。A. average平均的；B. casual随便的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. severe严重的。根据上文“What I got was exactly opposite.”以及下文“caring”和“two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士是一位充满爱心和热情的老师。故选C项。 47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。A. realize意识到；B. regret懊悔；C. refuse拒绝；D. recall回想起。通过下文“that I had other choices”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士的课程让作者意识到，他还有其他选择。故选A项。 48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。A. lawyer律师；B. educator教育家；C. scholar学者；D. engineer工程师。通过上文“I found people encouraging me to be an engineer”可推知，此处指作者意识到了除了做工程师之外，他还有其他选择。故选D项。 49. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于Espinoza博士和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是我们在国家地理频道上了解到的那样。A. take care of照顾；B. make fun of取笑；C. learn about了解；D. search for寻找。通过上文“What I got was exactly opposite.”以及下文“They are real people”可推知，此处指作者发现科学家们与作者之前在电视频道上了解到的不一样。故选C项。 50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们是真实的人，回答真实的问题，解决真实的问题。A. solve解决；B. bring带来；C. raise提高；D. ignore忽视。通过下文“real problems”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士和其他许多像她一样的教授解决真实的问题。故选A项。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我寻找机会做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜爱它。A. enjoyed喜爱；B. doubted怀疑；C. recommended意见；D. acknowledged承认。通过下文“it led me to a job I love”可推知，此处指作者准备尝试做科学项目，看看他是否喜爱科学。故选A项。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学期间，我学会了如何提出好的问题，如何进行实验和收集数据，以及如何与人分享我学到的东西。A. replace替代；B. predict预测；C. conduct实施；D. copy复制。通过上文“do real science projects”和下文“experiments”可推知，此处指作者学会了如何做实验。固定搭配“conduct experiments”意为“做实验”。故选C项。 53. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我喜欢科学研究的每一分钟。A. came about产生；B. broke up结束；C. set off出发；D. turned out结果是。通过上文“As it”以及下文“I loved every minute of it”可推知，此处指作者通过实践证明得出了结果，即自己十分喜欢科学研究。故选D项。 54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像科学本身一样，我成为一名科学家的过程是缓慢的，但有许多老师和教授帮助我指明了道路。A. precious珍贵的；B. smooth光滑的；C. beneficial有益的；D. slow缓慢的。通过上文“Falling in love with science was a long process for me”可推知，作者是在大学才对科学感兴趣，爱上科学对作者来说是一个漫长的过程，所以作者成为一名科学家的旅程是缓慢的。故选D项。 55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，我尽我最大的努力学习新事物，创造新知识。A. record记录；B. admire钦佩；C. create创造；D. forget忘记。通过上文“try my best to learn new things and”以及下文“new knowledge”可推知，此处指励志成为科学家的作者在努力学习新东西并创造新知识。故选C项。 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yu Hongru, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was born in June 1928 in east China’s Jiangxi Province. On April 8, 2024, he 56 (honor) with the award of Person Touching China for 2023. He is one of the forerunners in the research and 57 (apply) of shock tubes (激波管) and shock tube wind tunnels in China. He has devoted more than 60 years 58 wind tunnel research, and led the design of multiple wind tunnel models throughout his life, 59 (make) significant contributions to the development of China’s aerospace industry. In early 1956, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for “advancing into science”. Yu Hongru applied for the postgraduate program at the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 60 (become) a student of Guo Yonghuai, a famous scientist. In early 1958, the Shock Tube Group was established at the Institute of Mechanics, and Guo Yonghuai appointed Yu Hongru as the group leader. At that time, China had a weak economy and was short of electricity supply. 61 a situation made it impossible 62 (follow) the path of foreign countries to develop wind tunnels. Therefore, Yu Hongru chose the more 63 (economy) method of using hydrogen - oxygen combustion as the driving force, 64 was extremely dangerous. After many trials and analyses, Yu Hongru finally led the team in finding a new path for wind tunnel research in China. In 1958, the core component of the shock tube wind tunnel, the first - generation shock tube in China, was 65 (success) developed. 【答案】56. was honored 57. application 58. to 59. making 60. became 61. Such 62. to follow 63. economical 64. which 65. successfully 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国科学院院士、中国激波管和激波风洞研究的先驱之一——俞鸿儒的科研生涯和他对中国航空航天工业的贡献。在2024年4月8日，他当选“感动中国2023年度人物”。 56. 考查时态和语态。句意：2024年4月8日，他被授予“2023年度感动中国人物”奖。空格处是句子的谓语部分，主语he和动词honor之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语On April 8，2024和语境可知，此处用一般过去时的被动形式。故填was honored。 57. 考查名词。句意：他是国内激波管和激波管风洞研究和应用的先驱之一。根据空格前的in the research and可知，空格处应该用apply的名词形式application作介词in的宾语。故填application。 58. 考查介词。句意：他从事风洞研究60余年，一生领导设计了多个风洞模型，为中国航空航天事业的发展做出了重大贡献。devote... to为固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故填to。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他从事风洞研究60余年，一生领导设计了多个风洞模型，为中国航空航天事业的发展做出了重大贡献。空格处作状语，动词make与句子主语he之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式making作状语。故填making。 60. 考查动词时态。句意：余洪儒申请了中国科学院力学研究所的研究生课程，并成为著名科学家郭永怀的学生。空格处是句子的谓语动词，根据上文的applied和空格前的and可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填became。 61. 考查固定搭配。句意：在这种情况下，不可能像国外那样开发风洞。根据上文内容和空格后的a situation可知，此处应该用such，构成短语such a situation指前文描述的困难情况。故填Such。 62. 考查动词不定式。句意：在这种情况下，不可能像国外那样开发风洞。该句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to follow the path of foreign countries to develop wind tunnels，make it +adj.+to do something是固定搭配。故填to follow。 63. 考查形容词。句意：因此，余鸿儒选择了更为经济的以氢氧燃烧为动力的方法，这是极其危险的。空格处修饰后面的名词method，应该用形容词economical作定语。故填economical。 64. 考查定语从句。句意：因此，余鸿儒选择了更为经济的以氢氧燃烧为动力的方法，这是极其危险的。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对上文的内容进行限定说明，从句中缺主语，应该用关系代词which引导从句。故选which。 65. 考查副词。句意：1958年，国内第一代激波管——激波管风洞的核心部件研制成功。空格处修饰动词developed，应该用副词successfully。故填successfully。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 最近，你校即将举行以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。你的英国朋友David对此非常感兴趣，请你根据以下内容，写一封信向其介绍相关情况。 Time:•May 15, 2021—May 25, 2021 Participants: •students and teachers Activities: •attend the opening ceremony •design a model plane •enjoy the lectures on science •take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists Aims: •develop teamwork •improve students’ interest in science 注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息； 2.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, How is everything going? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear David, How is everything going? The annual science festival will be held in our school. I’m writing to inform you about it. The festival with the theme “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. All the students as well as the teachers are invited to take part in it. There will be various kinds of activities during this period. On the first day, we will attend the opening ceremony, where the headmaster will deliver a speech. On the second day, students will design their model planes, which will be on display. In the evenings, we students will enjoy the lectures on science made by university professors. On the last day, candidates will take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists. The festival is to develop teamwork and to improve students’ interest in science. Hope you can be one of the science fans. Yours, Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友David写封信，介绍以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。 【详解】1.词汇积累：告诉：tell→inform 发表演讲：make/give a speech→deliver a speech 促进：promote→improve 参加：participate in= take part in 2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句 原句：The festival with the theme “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. 拓展句：The festival whose the theme is “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. 【点睛】[高分句型1] On the second day, students will design their model planes, which will be on display. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The festival is to develop teamwork and to improve students' interest in science. (运用了不定式作表语) 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Truman’s parents were scientists, and he also wanted to be a scientist, so he was determined to be at the top of science subject. With only one week and one assignment to go before the summer holiday, Truman knew that to secure the top spot, his final report had to shine. The topic was beehives (蜂巢), a subject that Mrs. Lawrence, his teacher, had emphasized the need for a unique perspective to earn an A+. Truman opened the door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, who sat on the floor in the living room with paper tubes all over the floor. Bryan called, “Truman, help me build a city!” With a sigh, Truman replied, “I’m sorry, Bryan, but I have to write a report about beehives.” Stepping carefully between the scattered tubes, he went into his room, deep in thought about his project. Shortly after, Bryan appeared at the door, his eyes sparkling (发亮).“Truman, I know where there’s a beehive,” he said. Truman followed Bryan to the garage where they found a real beehive hidden among the firewood. Bending down, he removed the beehive from the wood. As Truman examined it closely, he was fascinated by the hexagonal (六边形的) structure of each cell. “Why the hexagon?” he thought. After dinner, Truman did the dishes. He glanced at the clock. If he didn’t think of something soon, his chance to get an A+ would be slim. As Truman turned around, he stepped on something. He hadn’t seen Bryan play with paper tubes behind him. “Get your tubes out of here, Bryan!” Truman said angrily. Bryan ran into the living room, crying. Truman sighed and gathered the paper tubes. Suddenly, he found that they were arranged with one in the middle and surrounded by six others. They reminded Truman of the beehive. The center tube formed a hexagon, just like the cells of the hive. Truman tried to use different numbers of tubes to surround the center tube, and then Truman got the new angle. But what else did he need to accompany his report? Maybe a model beehive! 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version： Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. He threw his arms around his brother, his voice trembling with sincerity, “Bryan, I’m deeply sorry that I lost my temper. I never intended to hurt you. And from the bottom of my heart, I thank you.” He continued to tell his brother that these tubes had given him ideas, helping him find his perspective. Therefore, he can finally complete the report! “But,” Truman said, “I have to build a model beehive with these tubes. Can you help me?” “Well,” Bryan said hesitantly, with tears on his face. “You can help me glue them,” Truman offered. Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. Truman opened the drawer near the TV, grabbed a bottle of glue, and showed his brother how to stick the paper tubes. Working together, they made a model beehive. As they compared their creation to the real beehive in the garage, they agreed it was flawless. With his newfound focus, Truman completed his report well ahead of time, introducing a fresh perspective that fascinated his classmates. Mrs. Lawrence awarded him an A+ and praised his efforts in front of the entire class, leaving Truman feeling proud. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述Truman准备暑假作一个主题为蜂巢的报道，但他无法解释为什么蜂巢里的蜂窝都是六边形的，直到他看到弟弟玩的纸筒，有了启发。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“想到这里，Truman冲进客厅，心跳加速。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：Truman向弟弟道歉，并邀请弟弟一起做一个蜂箱模型。 ②由第二段首句内容“Bryan笑了笑，开始挑选他的管子。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：Bryan和哥哥一起完成蜂箱模型，Truman完成自己的报道并受到老师的表扬。 2.续写线索： Truman向弟弟道歉——邀请弟弟一起做一个蜂箱模型——Bryan同意帮忙—— Truman完成报道——受到老师的表扬 3.词汇激活行为类 ①发脾气：lose one’s temper/get angry /fly into a temper ②帮助：help /assist/aid ③完成：complete/finish/accomplish 心理类 ①遗憾的：sorry/regretful ②迟疑地：hesitantly/uncertainly 【点睛】 [高分句型1] He continued to tell his brother that these tubes had given him ideas, helping him find his perspective.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] “Well,” Bryan said hesitantly, with tears on his face. （运用了with的复合结构） [高分句型3] As they compared their creation to the real beehive in the garage, they agreed it was flawless. （运用as引导的时间状语从句和省略that的宾语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists测试卷 （满分：150分 时间：120分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shin? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What should the man do to save his plant? A. Give it more food. B. Give it less sunlight. C. Give it less water. 2. What do we know about the woman? A. She is short with dark hair. B. She has a cousin with golden hair. C. She dreamed of making hair changes. 3. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Add her to the waiting list. B. Book a ticket for her. C. Give her a phone number. 4. What are the speakers probably doing right now? A. Attending a party. B. Going food shopping. C. Searching for a parking space. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their plans for the future. B. A friend of theirs. C. A movie character. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段长对话，回答6、7小题。 6. Why can’t the man use his own phone? A. It has run out of battery. B. He has lost it somewhere. C. There’s a problem with the screen. 7. How does the app help the woman sleep? A. It plays relaxing music. B. It blocks out the blue screen light. C. It prevents Internet use in the evening. 听下面一段长对话，回答8至10小题。 8. What is the man’s problem? A. He has a temperature. B. He is struggling to save energy. C. He is too cold to do his work. 9. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In the woman’s house. C. In a school. 10. What does the woman suggest? A. Focusing on typing the report. B. Taking better care of their health. C. Discussing the issue with the boss. 听下面一段长对话，回答10至13小题。 11. How do the speakers feel now? A. Bored. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. 12. What is probably the woman’s main interest? A. Gardening. B. Toy houses. C. Model trains. 13. What will the man probably do first? A. Go to the bathroom. B. Get something to eat. C. Buy the tickets. 听下面一段长对话，回答14至17小题。 14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Strangers. C. Teacher and student. 15. What month is it now? A. September. B. October. C. November. 16. What sport was the man involved in? A. Football. B. Swimming. C. Basketball. 17. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. An artist. B. An athlete. C. A doctor. 听下面一段独白，回答18至20小题。 18. Who did the speaker go to the AI Canteen with? A. A family member. B. A local friend. C. A business partner. 19. What is one disadvantage of the canteen according to the speaker? A. It lacked human emotions. B. There wasn’t much choice. C. The food didn’t taste very nice. 20. How many people can the AI system serve in a day? A. 100. B. 200. C. 300. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hydrogen Shot Fellowship The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. Enter this program, an opening for 1-2 current Bachelors’, Masters’, and Doctoral students to come work with us. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. Science Careers at Argonne This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. At the event, Argonne National Laboratory’s female scientists and engineers instruct students on their career goals, provide networking opportunities, and share Argonne’s work to advance science, including global challenges such as fighting the climate crisis. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World This dynamic program invites students to explore the many applications of nuclear science and its impact on energy, healthcare, food, and the environment through an interactive set of free resources. Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. Participants will complete a cutting-edge research project at one of DOE’s national laboratories or at DOE headquarters under the instruction of our scientists and engineers. The best part is that you will contribute to the FECM mission of minimizing the environmental impacts of fossil fuels while working towards net-zero emissions! 21. Which program is designed for girls? A. Hydrogen Shot Fellowship. B. Science Careers at Argonne. C. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World. D. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program. 22. What can students do in Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World? A. Go on virtual field trips. B. Start different careers. C. Research with nuclear scientist. D. Get network opportunities. 23. What do the four programs have in common? A. They are energy-related. B. They are STEM programs. C. They target undergraduates. D. They aim to tackle climate crisis. B As China’s cities grow, they are also sinking. An estimated 16 percent of the country’s major cities are losing more than 10 millimeters of height per year and nearly half are losing more than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study published in the journal Science. “Land subsidence (下沉) is a problem that almost exists everywhere,” said Robert Nicholls, a climate scientist and civil engineer at the University of East Anglia who reviewed the paper, “To my knowledge, this study is the first to measure land subsidence across many urban areas using state-of-the-art radar (雷达) data from satellites. I believe the majority of the adaptation strategies that we have, and the plans to fight climate change, are inaccurate, just because they did not include land subsidence. Land subsidence is an unheeded problem. It hasn’t been studied the way, for example, sea level rise has been studied.” The new study was based on satellite radar measurements of how much the ground surface in 82 major cities, accounting for three-quarters of the urban population, moved up or down between 2015 and 2022. The researchers compared these measurements to data on potential contributing factors. Subsidence in these cities is caused in part by the pure weight of buildings, the study found. Groundwater extraction (开采) underneath the cities also plays a role, as do oil drilling and coal mining. These activities leave empty space underground where soil and rocks can press together or collapse. Being below sea level doesn’t mean a city is automatically destroyed. Much of the Netherlands is below sea level and sinking, but the country has been extensively engineered to prevent flooding in places and to accommodate it in others. Shanghai is already limiting groundwater extraction and is sinking more slowly than other cities. In Japan, groundwater management over the years has proved successful. “It’s difficult to stop subsidence entirely,” Dr. Nicholls said, “You’ve got to live with what’s left. “ 24. What do the figures in paragraph 1 imply? A. Cities grow at an alarming speed. B. Cities face fierce climate change. C. Land subsidence is under control. D. Land subsidence is an urgent issue. 25. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “unheeded” in paragraph 2? A. Ignored. B. Identified. C. Undefined. D. Overestimated. 26. What may contribute to land subsidence in cities according to the passage? A. Energy extraction. B. Overuse of farmland. C. Population expansion. D. Uneven distribution of water. 27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. City planning calls for joint efforts. B. Groundwater is to blame for land sinking. C. Measures can be taken to ease subsidence. D. Flooding prevention deserves further research. C My mother died of breast cancer when she was merely 50 in 1970. Afterwards, the comment repeated most often was: “You’ll need to be careful for the rest of your life because it may have been passed to you.” In 1994, the first ever breast cancer gene testing arrived. I jumped right to it and tested negative. I’m thankful for the science that has given me this preventive screening (筛查). Good for me, but is it good for everyone? Here’s the catch. Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me. The same went to the mapping of the human genes. The problem is that we know little about how new treatments might work for people of other races. If we diversify patients in clinical trials, we can realize the promise of personalized medicine for everyone, not just white patients. Faced with the unfair phenomena in medical research, what should we do to resolve the problem? Not only do we need more diverse populations participating in research, but we also need diversity among biomedical researchers and medical professionals to make efforts. That makes research stronger and builds trust with diverse communities. A medical team is working on this now. They are building a diverse next generation of gene editing researchers by teaching high school and community college students from different backgrounds about promising technologies like gene editing to encourage them to become future researchers. This sort of educational outreach can also help to build trust in the medical and research communities. The team leader, John Cooper, PhD, has been outspoken about the current inequalities of delivering new technologies to all people at a fair cost. Numerous scientists and medical leaders are working to change the situation. While science wasn’t yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all. 28. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To explain the cause of her mother’s cancer. B. To show her concerns over medical inequalities. C. To indicate the side effects of genetic testing. D. To emphasize the progress in the medical field. 29. What does the underlined words “the catch” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A previous study. B. An urgent appeal. C. An underlying issue. D. A workable solution. 30. What might enable new treatments to benefit all? A. Conducting research on genetic diseases. B. Delivering speeches to interested students. C. Building confidence in potential medical researchers. D. Popularizing technologies in various communities. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research? A. Supportive. B. Dismissive. C. Opposed. D. Impartial. D On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan province, a bus full of science kits stops by, drawing a crowd of pupils eager to explore what is inside. Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded from the bus and begin dancing with consistent humanlike moves. The bus was not a performance troupe of any kind but rather a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and the social media platform Douyin, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the country’s vast rural areas. Since February, thanks to the joint initiative, scientists, science educators and science museum staff have walked into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. Astrophysicist Wu Xiangping, who has traversed China’s remote middle and western regions for popular science work, says that rural children are just as curious as their urban peers in science classes, calling for more scientific education resources in remote areas. Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a shortage of qualified teachers and equipment for scientific education. A survey conducted by the ministry in 2021 covering 31 provincial- level regions across the country showed that science teachers at primary schools mostly lack related educational backgrounds. In June 2021, the State Council issued an action plan for improving the scientific quality of nationals from 2021 to 2035, vowing to expand the recruitment of college students majoring in scientific education and strengthen online training of science teachers. According to the document, 100,000 science tutors would be trained each year at the grassroots level. Zhang Jiantao, a teacher at a town school in Gushi county, Henan, gained notable fame for his novel science classes by turning rubbish bins into drones and water bottles into “water-propelled rockets”. A former mathematics teacher, Zhang volunteered to focus on teaching science to the school’s more curious students, who are mostly left behind by their city- bound working parents in the care of grandparents. “The kids love conducting experiments,” Zhang says. “After doing experiments together, they are more open to me and focus better in classes.” 32. What is the main purpose of the bus according to paragraph 1? A. To give students a science class. B. To present a wonderful performance about science. C. To stimulate students’ enthusiasm for science. D. To attract more teachers to come for the employment. 33. What are the challenges that most rural areas confronted with according to Lyu Guofan? A. Lack of scientific education equipment and qualified teachers. B. Lack of enthusiasm for science education among students and teachers. C. Insufficient funding from government and social organizations. D. Shortage of teachers with corresponding knowledge background. 34. How does the author develop the last but one paragraph? A. Giving a definition. B. Listing statistics. C. Making a comparison. D. Giving examples. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Initiatives ignites passion for rural science education B. A “bus” gives curious students an unforgettable experience C. Science guarantees a promising future for education D. Teachers open up a new path for educational development 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We certainly look different. The most obvious differences between boys and girls are our bodies, inside and out. For example, can men have babies? Can women grow beards? 36 In the 1800s, scientists developed a theory called craniology (头骨学), which said that intelligence could be measured by skull size. Men have bigger skulls than women. So men must be smarter, people thought. 37 No one encouraged them to go on in school. Some doctors even said women who went to college would no longer be able to have children! Of course, now we know these beliefs aren’t true. In the 1950s, psychologists gave girls and boys science tests to see if they could tell who was smarter. On average, the girls did worse than the boys. 38 But is this really true? Instead of measuring natural ability, maybe the tests revealed something about the conditions under which children were being taught. Parents and teachers didn't expect girls to do well in math or science，and so they didn’t encourage them. In class, teachers focused their attention on boys. 39 As scientists continue to investigate, they have discovered that boys do seem to be better than girls at something called spatial rotation (空间转动). Girls，on the other hand, do better on some tests of vocabulary and language. Why? 40 They often give girls dolls to play with, while they more frequently give boys blocks. Playing with blocks helps children develop spatial skills. So without meaning to, adults might be helping boys develop better spatial skills. And maybe they talk to girls more, which helps girls with those vocabulary words. A. But how different are we really? B. Therefore, women were treated differently. C. This influenced how well boys learned and how poorly girls did. D. If our bodies differ, what does that say about our intelligence and skills? E. Naturally，researchers concluded that boys are smarter than girls in science. F. Studies have shown that parents treat boys and girls differently as soon as they’re born. G. According to psychologists, girls were less intelligent than boys in many aspects. 第II卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn’t considered lots of career 41 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people 42 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 43 . I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 44 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 45 . Dr. Espinoza was a caring and 46 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me 47 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 48 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. Due to Dr. Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 49 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 50 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 51 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 52 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 53 , I loved every minute of it. Falling in love with science was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 54 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who showed me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 55 new knowledge. 41. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements 42. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging 43. A. university B. office C. room D. lab 44. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork 45. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar 46. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe 47. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall 48. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer 49. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for 50. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore 51. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged 52. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy 53. A. came about B. broke up C. set off D. turned out 54. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow 55. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yu Hongru, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was born in June 1928 in east China’s Jiangxi Province. On April 8, 2024, he 56 (honor) with the award of Person Touching China for 2023. He is one of the forerunners in the research and 57 (apply) of shock tubes (激波管) and shock tube wind tunnels in China. He has devoted more than 60 years 58 wind tunnel research, and led the design of multiple wind tunnel models throughout his life, 59 (make) significant contributions to the development of China’s aerospace industry. In early 1956, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for “advancing into science”. Yu Hongru applied for the postgraduate program at the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 60 (become) a student of Guo Yonghuai, a famous scientist. In early 1958, the Shock Tube Group was established at the Institute of Mechanics, and Guo Yonghuai appointed Yu Hongru as the group leader. At that time, China had a weak economy and was short of electricity supply. 61 a situation made it impossible 62 (follow) the path of foreign countries to develop wind tunnels. Therefore, Yu Hongru chose the more 63 (economy) method of using hydrogen - oxygen combustion as the driving force, 64 was extremely dangerous. After many trials and analyses, Yu Hongru finally led the team in finding a new path for wind tunnel research in China. In 1958, the core component of the shock tube wind tunnel, the first - generation shock tube in China, was 65 (success) developed. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 最近，你校即将举行以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。你的英国朋友David对此非常感兴趣，请你根据以下内容，写一封信向其介绍相关情况。 Time:•May 15, 2021—May 25, 2021 Participants: •students and teachers Activities: •attend the opening ceremony •design a model plane •enjoy the lectures on science •take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists Aims: •develop teamwork •improve students’ interest in science 注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息； 2.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, How is everything going? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Truman’s parents were scientists, and he also wanted to be a scientist, so he was determined to be at the top of science subject. With only one week and one assignment to go before the summer holiday, Truman knew that to secure the top spot, his final report had to shine. The topic was beehives (蜂巢), a subject that Mrs. Lawrence, his teacher, had emphasized the need for a unique perspective to earn an A+. Truman opened the door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, who sat on the floor in the living room with paper tubes all over the floor. Bryan called, “Truman, help me build a city!” With a sigh, Truman replied, “I’m sorry, Bryan, but I have to write a report about beehives.” Stepping carefully between the scattered tubes, he went into his room, deep in thought about his project. Shortly after, Bryan appeared at the door, his eyes sparkling (发亮).“Truman, I know where there’s a beehive,” he said. Truman followed Bryan to the garage where they found a real beehive hidden among the firewood. Bending down, he removed the beehive from the wood. As Truman examined it closely, he was fascinated by the hexagonal (六边形的) structure of each cell. “Why the hexagon?” he thought. After dinner, Truman did the dishes. He glanced at the clock. If he didn’t think of something soon, his chance to get an A+ would be slim. As Truman turned around, he stepped on something. He hadn’t seen Bryan play with paper tubes behind him. “Get your tubes out of here, Bryan!” Truman said angrily. Bryan ran into the living room, crying. Truman sighed and gathered the paper tubes. Suddenly, he found that they were arranged with one in the middle and surrounded by six others. They reminded Truman of the beehive. The center tube formed a hexagon, just like the cells of the hive. Truman tried to use different numbers of tubes to surround the center tube, and then Truman got the new angle. But what else did he need to accompany his report? Maybe a model beehive! 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$