精品解析：上海市上海大学附属中2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷

2024学年第一学期上大附中诊断测试 高三年级英语试卷 (满分115分，105分钟完成，答案一律写在答题卡和答题纸上) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last?”. She referred to ____1____ (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime ____2____ , and why some end. Although I ____3____ (try) answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend) , I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end. My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations ____4____ friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First the realities friends face may change. The decision ____5____ (relocate) for a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes? No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends ____6____ not be willing to make. Second, the friends themselves may-change. A significant reason why friendships often end when friends are apart for an ____7____ (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it hurts less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that ____8____ (consume) more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, ____9____ one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about ______10______ was a precious friendship to them. Section B (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dawn B. content C. tracked D. unconditionally E. satisfying F. adorable G. bordered H. approaches I. vulnerable J. hooked K. alone I was in my mid-20s when I fell into one of the most toxic relationships of my life. I remember buying my first self-help book, which promised I could be healed of anything if only I abandoned my limiting beliefs. I finished reading it in days and even though I was still the same depressed, broke, single mother I had been when I picked up the book, that didn’t matter. I was ____11____. Over the next 15 years, I bought hundreds of self-help books, courses and apps, and ____12____ down every self-styled personal improvement mentors on TiKTok and YouTube in the hope that they could teach me how to become happier, more confident and more ____13____. But still, nothing worked. Some ____14____ were gentle and perhaps even obvious: “talk kindly to yourself, get enough sleep”. Others ____15____ on dangerous, whether it was encouraging me to spend more money than I could afford in order to “manifest” wealth or telling me to ignore my health problems to feel healthy. Only I never realised the danger at the time. Growing up in an environment of addiction and domestic conflict made me ____16____ to the industry’s promises of self-improvement. My childhood experiences made it hard for me to know my place and value in the world, or find my people. I believed self-help authors could be the mentors I thought I had always needed but never found. My obsession with self-help had become toxic, and something had to give. It started to ____17____ on me that instead of helping me, the advice was making me feel worse. It took a deep conversation with a loved one to recognise that when trying to change my life, I was trying to change things that had happened to me and shaped who I was—often things that were out of my control. Instead of focusing on who I wanted to become, I had to quit self-help to learn and accept who I really was. Spending time ____18____, often walking, and listening to my thoughts without trying to silence or change them helped. I let myself cry rather than hold in the tears like I always used to do. Since I quit my self-help dependency, I’ve realised that focusing all your energy on improving yourself can really suck the joy out of life. It makes happiness conditional: only when I have got to a certain stage can I feel ____19____; only when I look that way can I be loved. It can also stop you from _____20_____ accepting your imperfectly perfect self. After a long time, I am finally coming round to the idea that perhaps I never needed fixing at all. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for _____21_____ and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to _____22_____ situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. _____23_____, an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can _____24_____ takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR _____25_____ therapy. Researchers around the world have been ____26____ these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR _____27_____ of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be _____28_____, inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is _____29_____. While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of ______30______ in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help ______31______ both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a ______32______ place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters ______33______ that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, ______34______ health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to ______35______ its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 21. A. promotion B. complaint C. innovation D. trade 22. A. worsening B. improving C. relieving D. challenging 23. A. For example B. What’s more C. By contrast D. In conclusion 24. A. prevent B. experience C. postpone D. support 25. A. group B. standard C. exposure D. relaxation 26. A. testing B. adopting C. exporting D. transferring 27. A. maintenance B. intervention C. equipment D. defense 28. A. effective B. sensitive C. complex D. fair 29. A. scientific B. specific C. cultural D. diplomatic 30. A. anxiety B. shame C. endurance D. competition 31. A. bring B. address C. create D. face 32. A. secret B. safe C. quiet D. private 33 A. caution B. require C. protest D. explain 34. A. financial B. environmental C. digital D. public 35. A. widen B. close C. discover D. avoid Section B (30%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’ma”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a simple and plain response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with all kinds of customers. The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled (蹒跚) down the nearest aisle. She coughed dryly, wheezing (气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused (满是老茧的) heels. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined legs. After wandering around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were partially closed by yellowish crusts (痂); her hands were covered with layer upon layer of dirt, and the stale (陈腐的) smell of sweat rose from clothes. “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?” “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?” “I need some food,” she repeated, “Any kind.” “Well the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “I can’t pay,” she said. For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know that you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.” The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled (拖着脚走) past me toward the door, her torn and dirty clothing barely covering her bent back. Moments after she left I rushed out of the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted (萦绕) me. I had been young, healthy and proud. She had been old, sick and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how weak a hold we have on our better instincts. 36. How did the writer feel about his job at 7-Eleven before the old woman came? A. He was quite satisfied with his service manner. B. He found room for improvement in developing customer relations. C. He considered himself successful in dealing with all interpersonal relations. D. He thought himself experienced after working in the store for two years. 37. The detailed account of the old woman is intended to show ________. A. how she presented a sharp contrast to the other customers B. how sick, poor and desperate for help she was C. how she surprised the writer with her unusual appearance D. how inappropriate it was for her to enter a place like this 38. What’s the meaning of the phrase “get the best of” according to the passage? A. To make the most of. B. To bring out the best of. C. To win an advantage over. D. To bring into full play. 39. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. What If. B. How Come. C. If Only. D. Never Ever. (B) Outdoor Recreation Get outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and peace within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green spaces helps reduce stress, anxiety and anger, and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department combines experiential activities for your enjoyment. All fitness levels are welcome; we can accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at wright@utsc.utoronto.ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg.utoronto.ca or in person at the TPASC Registration Desk. Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refunds are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip. Upcoming Adventures TBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain Biking Participants will travel by bus up to the Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the region’s forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining (moving quickly with the rider suspended from a cable) and climbing through obstacle courses in a peaceful forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor-led and all equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available. Tuesday, June 13th : Outdoor Rock Climbing or Hiking Trails A bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves by climbing up to 80ft on some of the best rocks in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet the needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trails and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends. Friday, June 30th (indefinite date): Warsaw Caves The Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explore the multiple courses through the caves have a picnic lunch. Come enjoy this natural underground jungle gym. 40. John, a U of T teaching staff member, would like to take part in some of these programs, what problem may he encounter? A. He can’t get his fees for a Tuesday trip back if he cancels it the previous Monday. B These outdoor adventures will exhaust him and leave him in low spirits. C. There may be no space for him because registered students enjoy priority. D. The program that explores the Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date. 41. All of the following are activities mentioned in the passage ЕХСЕРТ___________. A. bird watching B. zip-lining C. hiking D. cave exploring 42. Which of the following statements is true according to this passage? A. Money can be refunded within five business days after the trip starts. B. Adventurers should have some basic trekking and biking skills. C. Students must bring some climbing equipment required by the programs. D. The name Warsaw Caves originated from the seven caves found in the park. (C) It has always been assumed that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be damaged indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since most flowering species depend upon pollinators (授粉者) and most fruit-bearing species need animals to spread around their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. What has remained unknown is whether or not plants themselves suffer directly from noise pollution. Scientists have previously assumed that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. A number of experiments have confirmed this in recent years — plants heavily exposed to ultrasound in the lab have shown a range of negative responses including the expression of stress-related genes, slowed growth and reduced development of seeds. Yet attacking plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Ali Akbar decided to set up an experiment to study precisely this questions. Working with a team of colleagues, he grew marigolds (孔雀草) and sage (鼠尾草) in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were divided into two groups after getting mature. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Analysis of their leaves revealed that all of them were suffering. The team found that a range of hormones(荷尔蒙) normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, which are normally produced to prevent insect attacks and deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. Ali Akbar’s findings make it clear that though plants lack ears, the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to trigger dramatic stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to drought, highly concentrated salt or heavy metals in their soil. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be collected and transferred into urban-living species, is a mystery worth exploring. 43. What did scientists believe in the past? A. Noise is a problem directly facing both animals and plants. B. Plants can be affected by noise in an indirect way. C. Animal partners can do harm to their botanical partners. D. Sound waves can damage plants because they have senses. 44. What did Ali Akbar want to confirm in their experiment? A. Ultrasound is similar to traffic noise in that it doesn’t harm plants. B. Plants exposed to ultrasound exhibit negative signs of growth. C. Traffic noise causes plants to grow unhealthily and slowly. D. Plant leaves contain hormones dealing with a harsh environment. 45. Which of the following statements is true? A. Plants growing in silence have a reduced level of hormones B. Plants exposed to noise respond differently from those in drought. C. Different noise pollution has the same effect on all species. D. An increase in stress hormones in plants means they are in hardship. 46. What can we infer from the passage? A. Some plants may not necessarily be harmed by the sound in nature. B. Some plants have surely developed a method to cope with traffic noise. C. Unban-living species can be engineered to grow well in the natural world. D. The silence in nature promotes the development of noise coping mechanisms. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How robots and AI change the meaningfulness of work. A paper from 2011 by Michael Barrett of the University of Cambridge and his co-authors found that the introduction of drug-dispensing robots into hospital pharmacies had varied effects. ____47____ Like the IT administrators rolling back the CrowdStrike update, technicians enjoyed the enhanced status that came with knowing how to fix the robots. Pharmacy assistants had a more miserable time of it, however, as their role shrank to loading medicine into the machines. ____48____. An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung, now of Tulane University, and her co-authors tested how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set. People who prided themselves on being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. ____49____. It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. ____50____. Yet research by Pok Man Tang of the University of Georgia and his co-authors also suggests that workers who interact more with Al assistants feel lonelier and crave more social contact. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or sap their sense of competence. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. A. Consumer reactions to automation can also vary. B. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. C. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of menial tasks. D. In theory, machines can free up time for more interesting tasks; in practice, they seem to have had the opposite effect. E. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine, but one that threatens your sense of identity is not. F. Pharmacists felt the quality of their jobs had improved because they had more time for patient counselling. III. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The great teen sleeping crisis? A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers. One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers. So what can be done to make life easier for everyone? Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance. In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15%) 52. 比赛结束时，观众席上掌声雷动。(burst) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 看到千姿百态的表演艺术，我不禁赞叹法国文化的深厚底蕴。 (the moment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这个项目的成功在于它能够综合考虑各种不同的观点，真正做到了博采众长。 (account) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 尽管新兴品牌不断涌现，但这个老字号以其卓越的产品质量，成功地避免被市场淘汰。 (emerge) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25%) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。随着2024年巴黎奥运会的成功举办，全球再次掀起了奥林匹克热潮。你校计划在即将到来的校运动会开幕式上，借鉴奥运会的理念，展现青春活力与运动精神。目前，学校提出了下列两个不同的开幕式方案，并希望听到学生们的建议。请你选择一个方案，写一封信给学校学生会，内容包括： 1. 简述你选择的方案; 2. 详细说明你选择的理由。 方案一：奥运精神传承 (Inheriting the Olympic spirit) 方案二：绿色与科技奥运 (Green and Technological Olympics) ●团队接力跑 (Team Relay) ，模拟奥运火炬 (Olympic Torch) 传递 ●体验奥运项目，设置霹雳舞 (breaking) 和滑板 (skateboarding) 等体验区 ●环保服装秀 (Eco-fashion Show) ，展示用回收材料制作的服装 ●无人机和机器人表演，展示科技进步 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期上大附中诊断测试 高三年级英语试卷 (满分115分，105分钟完成，答案一律写在答题卡和答题纸上) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last?”. She referred to ____1____ (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime ____2____ , and why some end. Although I ____3____ (try) answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend) , I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end. My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations ____4____ friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decision ____5____ (relocate) for a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes? No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends ____6____ not be willing to make. Second, the friends themselves may-change. A significant reason why friendships often end when friends are apart for an ____7____ (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it hurts less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that ____8____ (consume) more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, ____9____ one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about ______10______ was a precious friendship to them. 【答案】1. having seen 2. ones 3. have tried 4. which##that 5. to relocate 6. might 7. extended 8. consumes 9. unless 10. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“为什么有些友谊会结束”这一主题展开，分析这一问题并给出个人见解的方式，对友谊的结束进行了深入的探讨和阐述。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她提到在我的一篇文章《友谊之谜》中看到过这个问题。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动词的ving形式；根据句意可知，该动作发生在谓语动词之前，用动名词的完成式。故填having seen。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：正如我在那篇文章中所写的，我认为关于友谊是如何开始的、为什么有些友谊能成为一生的朋友、为什么有些友谊会结束，这些问题并没有简单的答案。根据句意可知，空处为代词，代指上文出现的名词复数形式“friendships”，表示泛指，用ones。故填ones。 【3题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：尽管我已经在其他文章（《如何交友》和《如何成为朋友》）中尝试回答了前两个问题，但我仍然对那些能够持久的友谊感到惊讶，也对那些悄然逝去的友谊感到失望。分析句子成分可知，空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句谓语动词可判断，从句为现在完成时；主语为“I”，和动词“try”之间为主动关系。故填have tried。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我的简单回答是，友谊之所以结束，是因为朋友所处的环境或朋友本身发生了变化。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“situations”，在定语从句中担当宾语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了上新学校或找新工作而迁居，这不可避免地会影响友谊。非谓语动词担当名词“the decision”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填to relocate。 【6题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：当然不是，但这需要一方或双方做出可能不愿意做出的调整。分析句子结构，根据空后的动词原形可推测，空处为情态动词，意为“可能”，用情态动词might。故填might。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当朋友长时间分开（如夏令营、大学等）时，友谊常常因此而结束的一个重要原因是其中一方或双方发生了变化。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式修饰空后的“period”，意为“长久的”。故填extended。 【8题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：一个朋友可能会改变社交圈子，参与新的社会组织，开始约会，养宠物，或者从事其他耗费更多时间和精力的事情。这里为从句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为引导词“that”，代指先行词“some other venture”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填consumes。 【9题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：同样，除非出于某种原因，一方或双方都不愿在适应期投入时间和精力，否则友谊可以经受住这些变化。这里为状语从句的引导词，意为“除非”，用连词unless引导。故填unless。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在这种情况下，分手可能不是相互的，因此一方或双方都会感到被背叛，并对他们曾经珍视的友谊留下苦涩的回忆。这里为宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句缺少主语，表示物，用引导词what引导。故填what。 Section B (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dawn B. content C. tracked D. unconditionally E. satisfying F. adorable G. bordered H. approaches I. vulnerable J. hooked K. alone I was in my mid-20s when I fell into one of the most toxic relationships of my life. I remember buying my first self-help book, which promised I could be healed of anything if only I abandoned my limiting beliefs. I finished reading it in days and even though I was still the same depressed, broke, single mother I had been when I picked up the book, that didn’t matter. I was ____11____. Over the next 15 years, I bought hundreds of self-help books, courses and apps, and ____12____ down every self-styled personal improvement mentors on TiKTok and YouTube in the hope that they could teach me how to become happier, more confident and more ____13____. But still, nothing worked. Some ____14____ were gentle and perhaps even obvious: “talk kindly to yourself, get enough sleep”. Others ____15____ on dangerous, whether it was encouraging me to spend more money than I could afford in order to “manifest” wealth or telling me to ignore my health problems to feel healthy. Only I never realised the danger at the time. Growing up in an environment of addiction and domestic conflict made me ____16____ to the industry’s promises of self-improvement. My childhood experiences made it hard for me to know my place and value in the world, or find my people. I believed self-help authors could be the mentors I thought I had always needed but never found. My obsession with self-help had become toxic, and something had to give. It started to ____17____ on me that instead of helping me, the advice was making me feel worse. It took a deep conversation with a loved one to recognise that when trying to change my life, I was trying to change things that had happened to me and shaped who I was—often things that were out of my control. Instead of focusing on who I wanted to become, I had to quit self-help to learn and accept who I really was. Spending time ____18____, often walking, and listening to my thoughts without trying to silence or change them helped. I let myself cry rather than hold in the tears like I always used to do. Since I quit my self-help dependency, I’ve realised that focusing all your energy on improving yourself can really suck the joy out of life. It makes happiness conditional: only when I have got to a certain stage can I feel ____19____; only when I look that way can I be loved. It can also stop you from _____20_____ accepting your imperfectly perfect self. After a long time, I am finally coming round to the idea that perhaps I never needed fixing at all. 【答案】11. J 12. C 13. F 14. H 15. G 16. I 17. A 18. K 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要通过讲述作者自己的经历，论述了“看自助书籍真的有用吗”这一问题。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我上瘾了。根据句意以及下文的“Over the next 15 years, I bought hundreds of self-help books, courses and apps”可知，作者在接下来的十多年买了很多自助书籍，说明她对自助书籍入迷了，用形容词hooked作表语。故选J。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：在接下来的15年里，我买了数百本“自助”书籍、报名了各式各样的课程，下载了无数的应用，追寻每个TiKTok和YouTube上找到了每一位自称是个人成长大师的博主，寄希望他们能教我如何变得更快乐、更自信、更可爱。根据句意以及上文的“Over the next 15 years, I bought hundreds of self-help books, courses and apps”可知，作者在随后的15年里，购买“自助”相关的书籍，报各种与之相关的课程，由此可推断，此处指的是作者“追寻”自诩个人成长大师的人，track down意为“追寻”符合语境，且与bought为并列关系，所以使用过去式形式tracked。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在接下来的15年里，我买了数百本“自助”书籍、报名了各式各样的课程，下载了无数的应用，追寻每个TiKTok和YouTube上找到了每一位自称是个人成长大师的博主，寄希望他们能教我如何变得更快乐、更自信、更可爱。此处为形容词与上文的“happier, more confident”为并列关系，作表语，所以此处应为adorable意为“可爱的”符合语境。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：有些方法是温和且直观的，比如“善待自己，保证充足的睡眠”。此处为名词作主语，结合谓语动词可知，此处应为名词复数，结合“talk kindly to yourself, get enough sleep”可知，此处应为approaches意为“方法”符合语境。故选H。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：还有一些则近乎危险，比如鼓励我花更多的钱来“彰显”财富，或者告诉我忽略自己的健康问题，让自己感觉健康。此处应为谓语动词，根据上文的“Some ____4____ were gentle and perhaps even obvious”可知，此处讲述的是一些方法的特点，所以此处应为“border on”意为“接近，近乎”符合语境，结合上文的谓语动词were可知，此处使用动词过去式形式bordered。故选G。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我在一个充满成瘾和家庭冲突的环境中长大，让我很容易受到“自助”概念的影响。此处应为形容词作宾补，根据上文的“Growing up in an environment of addiction and domestic conflict”可知，作者成长在一个充满成瘾和家庭冲突的环境中，所以此处应为vulnerable意为“易受伤害的”符合语境。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我开始明白，这些建议非但没有帮助我，反而让我感觉更糟。此处为谓语动词，根据上文的“My obsession with self-help had become toxic, and something had to give.”可知，作者认为自己对“自助”的痴迷带来了伤害，到了必须做出改变的地步，由此可知，此处指的是作者开始“明白”，所以此处应为dawn on意为“开始明白”符合语境，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：花时间独处，经常散步，倾听自己的想法，而不是试图让它们沉默或改变它们，这些方法起了作用。此处应为副词作状语修饰动词spending，结合句意以及下文的“often walking, and listening to my thoughts”可知，作者意识到“经常散步，倾听自己内心的想法”等这些方法起了作用，所以此处应是alone意为“独自地”符合语境。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：幸福是有条件的：只有当我达到某个阶段时，我才会感到满足；只有当我变成理想中的样子时，我才能被爱。此处为形容词作表语，根据句意以及上文的“only when I have got to a certain stage”可知，作者觉得只有达到某个阶段才会觉得“满足”，所以此处应为content。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：你将无法无条件地接受不完美却独特的自己。此处为副词作状语修饰动词accepting，结合句意以及上文的“It makes happiness conditional”可知，快乐都是有条件的，由此可知，此处指的是将无法“无条件地”接受不完美的自己，所以此处应为unconditionally。故选D。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for _____21_____ and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to _____22_____ situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. _____23_____, an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can _____24_____ takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR _____25_____ therapy. Researchers around the world have been ____26____ these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR _____27_____ of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be _____28_____, inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is _____29_____. While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of ______30______ in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help ______31______ both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a ______32______ place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters ______33______ that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, ______34______ health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to ______35______ its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 21. A. promotion B. complaint C. innovation D. trade 22. A. worsening B. improving C. relieving D. challenging 23. A. For example B. What’s more C. By contrast D. In conclusion 24. A. prevent B. experience C. postpone D. support 25. A. group B. standard C. exposure D. relaxation 26. A. testing B. adopting C. exporting D. transferring 27. A. maintenance B. intervention C. equipment D. defense 28. A. effective B. sensitive C. complex D. fair 29. A. scientific B. specific C. cultural D. diplomatic 30. A. anxiety B. shame C. endurance D. competition 31. A. bring B. address C. create D. face 32. A. secret B. safe C. quiet D. private 33. A. caution B. require C. protest D. explain 34. A. financial B. environmental C. digital D. public 35. A. widen B. close C. discover D. avoid 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，而这场革命的前线可能正在中国形成。它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。A. promotion促进，促销；B. complaint抱怨；C. innovation创新；D. trade贸易。根据下文“developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models”提到有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，由此可推知，此处应表示它的市场对创新开放。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实精神病学应用包括让患者沉浸在看似真实的模拟中，让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。A. worsening恶化；B. improving提高；C. relieving缓解；D. challenging挑战。 根据下文“and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses.”提到帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。由此可推知，此处应表示让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. For example例如；B. What’s more此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In conclusion总之。根据下文“an alcohol-addicted patient can sit…”具体陈述某一事例，可知，此处指的是具体举出的例子。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. prevent阻止；B. experience体验；C. postpone延迟；D. support支持。根据下文“takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground”由此可知，此处应表示在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种疗法可以产生快速而显著的效果：在一个案例中，一名计算高度的女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。A. group小组；B. standard标准；C. exposure暴露；D. relaxation放松。根据上文“VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain”提到让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，由此可知，此处应表示这名女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术，并取得了可喜的结果。A. testing测试；B. adopting采纳；C. exporting出口；D. transferring转移。根据上文“Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses”提到虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，可知，这项技术现在并未正式投入运用，由此可推知，此处应表示：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年3月，《美国医学会精神病学杂志》(JAMA Psychiatry)发表了一项研究，研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。A. maintenance维护，保养；B. intervention干预；C. equipment设备；D. defense防卫。根据句意以及上文“the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR”由此可知，此处应表示研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. complex复杂的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“inexpensive and well-received by patients.”由此可知，此处应表示这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。A. scientific科学上的；B. specific特别的，具体的；C. cultural文化上的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据下文“And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers”提到突破文化障碍，由此可知，此处应表示低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多国家都存在类似的偏见，但研究表明，在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。A. anxiety焦虑；B. shame羞耻；C. endurance忍耐；D. competition竞争。根据下文“it can help _____11_____ both caregiver shortages and shame.”由此可知，此处应表示在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多心理健康VR的支持者认为，它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。A. bring带来；B. address解决；C. create创造；D. face面对。根据下文“Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people.”提到可以轻松扩展以满足许多人的需求，由此可知，此处应表示它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为，虚拟现实治疗可以突破文化障碍，因为它们可以通过游戏般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。A. secret秘密地；B. safe安全的；C. quiet安静的；D. private私人的。根据句意以及下文“such as at home.”由此可知，此处应表示虚拟现实治疗可以通过游戏般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。A. caution警告；B. require要求；C. protest抗议；D. explain解释。根据上文“Even”一词，以及下文“that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.”由此可知，从此处应表示即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，由于对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。A. financial财政的；B. environmental环境的；C. digital数字的；D. public公众的。根据上文“with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care”提到对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，结合各个选项意思由此可推知，此处应表示数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这样做，中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。A. widen拓宽；B. close缩小；C. discover发现；D. avoid避免。根据上文“and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空).”提到VR有望填补这一空白，以及下文“its treatment gap”由此可知，此处应表示中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。故选B项。 Section B (30%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’ma”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a simple and plain response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with all kinds of customers. The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled (蹒跚) down the nearest aisle. She coughed dryly, wheezing (气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused (满是老茧的) heels. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined legs. After wandering around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were partially closed by yellowish crusts (痂); her hands were covered with layer upon layer of dirt, and the stale (陈腐的) smell of sweat rose from clothes. “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?” “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?” “I need some food,” she repeated, “Any kind.” “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “I can’t pay,” she said. For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know that you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.” The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled (拖着脚走) past me toward the door, her torn and dirty clothing barely covering her bent back. Moments after she left, I rushed out of the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted (萦绕) me. I had been young, healthy and proud. She had been old, sick and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how weak a hold we have on our better instincts. 36. How did the writer feel about his job at 7-Eleven before the old woman came? A. He was quite satisfied with his service manner. B. He found room for improvement in developing customer relations. C. He considered himself successful in dealing with all interpersonal relations. D. He thought himself experienced after working in the store for two years. 37. The detailed account of the old woman is intended to show ________. A. how she presented a sharp contrast to the other customers B. how sick, poor and desperate for help she was C. how she surprised the writer with her unusual appearance D. how inappropriate it was for her to enter a place like this 38. What’s the meaning of the phrase “get the best of” according to the passage? A. To make the most of. B. To bring out the best of. C. To win an advantage over. D. To bring into full play. 39. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. What If. B. How Come. C. If Only. D. Never Ever. 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”.(在一家7-11商店工作了两年后，我认为自己在我们经理所说的“客户关系”方面取得了成功)”可知，起初在7-11商店工作时，作者认为自己在所谓的“客户关系”方面取得了成功。由此可知，在老妇人来之前，在7-11工作时，作者对自己的服务态度很满意。故选A项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“She coughed dryly, wheezing (气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused (满是老茧的) heels.(她干咳着，每次呼吸都气喘吁吁。在一个华氏40度的夜晚，她只穿了一件褪色的连衣裙，一件太小而扣不上纽扣的薄毛衣，以及一双黑色的拖鞋，拖鞋的后部被剪开，露出长满老茧的脚后跟)”可知，通过干咳的动作可以得知老人身体不好，通过老人不得体的穿着可以得知她很贫穷，希望得到别人的帮助。由此推知，对这位老妇人的详细描述是为了展示她病得有多重、多穷、多渴望帮助。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线短语后文“I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.(对不起，我不能免费赠送任何东西)”可知，面对老人买不起食物的情况，作者最终决定不免费赠送给老人任何东西，由此可知，员工的规定是保持礼貌，但不要让客户胜过你，虽然老人买不起食物，但也不能随意赠送，要坚持员工的规定。由此可知，划线部分get the best of与To win an advantage over(胜过，优于)意思接近。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how weak a hold we have on our better instincts.(我发自内心地希望自己的行为像一个人，而不是一个机器人。当我意识到我们对更好的本能的控制是多么脆弱时，我很难过)”可知，作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已，“If Only”意为“要是……多好”，选项能够概括文章主旨，表达了作者悔恨的心情，希望能够重新拥有人类善良的本性。故选C项。 (B) Outdoor Recreation Get outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and peace within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green spaces helps reduce stress, anxiety and anger, and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department combines experiential activities for your enjoyment. All fitness levels are welcome; we can accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at wright@utsc.utoronto.ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg.utoronto.ca or in person at the TPASC Registration Desk. Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refunds are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip. Upcoming Adventures TBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain Biking Participants will travel by bus up to the Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the region’s forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining (moving quickly with the rider suspended from a cable) and climbing through obstacle courses in a peaceful forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor-led and all equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available. Tuesday, June 13th : Outdoor Rock Climbing or Hiking Trails A bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves by climbing up to 80ft on some of the best rocks in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet the needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trails and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends. Friday, June 30th (indefinite date): Warsaw Caves The Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explore the multiple courses through the caves have a picnic lunch. Come enjoy this natural underground jungle gym. 40. John, a U of T teaching staff member, would like to take part in some of these programs, what problem may he encounter? A. He can’t get his fees for a Tuesday trip back if he cancels it the previous Monday. B. These outdoor adventures will exhaust him and leave him in low spirits. C. There may be no space for him because registered students enjoy priority. D. The program that explores the Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date. 41. All of the following are activities mentioned in the passage ЕХСЕРТ___________. A. bird watching B. zip-lining C. hiking D. cave exploring 42. Which of the following statements is true according to this passage? A. Money can be refunded within five business days after the trip starts. B. Adventurers should have some basic trekking and biking skills. C. Students must bring some climbing equipment required by the programs. D. The name Warsaw Caves originated from the seven caves found in the park. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一些户外探险活动。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Outdoor Recreation部分的“Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants.（旅游首先提供给注册的多伦多大学学生，如果有空间的话，工作人员、未注册的学生和参与者的客人也可以参加。）”可知，John可能会遇到的问题是没有名额，因为注册学生享有优先权。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining (moving quickly with the rider suspended from a cable) and climbing through obstacle courses in a peaceful forest setting.(树梢徒步旅行包括滑索（骑手悬挂在绳索上快速移动）和在宁静的森林环境中穿越障碍课程。)”可知，提到了滑索(zip-lining)；根据“Tuesday, June 13th : Outdoor Rock Climbing or Hiking Trails(6 月 13 日，星期二：户外攀岩或徒步旅行)”可知，提到了徒步旅行(hiking)；根据“Friday, June 30th (indefinite date): Warsaw Caves(6月30日，星期五（无限期）：华沙洞穴)”可知，提到了洞穴探险(cave exploring)。A 选项“bird watching(观鸟活动)”未提及，故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Outdoor Recreation(户外娱乐)”部分的“Refunds are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.(退款只能在旅行开始前的 5 个工作日内进行。)”可知，A 选项“Money can be refunded within five business days after the trip starts(旅行开始后五个工作日内可以退款)”表达错误；根据“TBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain Biking”部分的“Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining (moving quickly with the rider suspended from a cable) and climbing through obstacle courses in a peaceful forest setting.(树梢徒步旅行包括滑索（骑手悬挂在绳索上快速移动）和在宁静的森林环境中穿越障碍课程。)”以及“Tuesday, June 13th : Outdoor Rock Climbing or Hiking Trails(6 月 13 日，星期二：户外攀岩或徒步旅行)”可知，B 选项“Adventurers should have some basic trekking and biking skills(冒险者应该具备一些基本的徒步和骑行技能)”表达错误；根据“Tuesday, June 13th : Outdoor Rock Climbing or Hiking Trails”部分的“All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided.(所有教练都经过全面认证，所有设备将提供。)”可知，C选项“Students must bring some climbing equipment required by the programs(学生必须携带项目所需的一些攀岩设备)”表达错误；根据最后一段“The Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park.(华沙洞穴保护区和露营地得名于公园内发现的一系列七个洞穴。)”可知，D 选项“The name Warsaw Caves originated from the seven caves found in the park(华沙洞穴的名字来源于公园里发现的七个洞穴)”正确。故选 D。 (C) It has always been assumed that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be damaged indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since most flowering species depend upon pollinators (授粉者) and most fruit-bearing species need animals to spread around their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. What has remained unknown is whether or not plants themselves suffer directly from noise pollution. Scientists have previously assumed that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. A number of experiments have confirmed this in recent years — plants heavily exposed to ultrasound in the lab have shown a range of negative responses including the expression of stress-related genes, slowed growth and reduced development of seeds. Yet attacking plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Ali Akbar decided to set up an experiment to study precisely this questions. Working with a team of colleagues, he grew marigolds (孔雀草) and sage (鼠尾草) in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were divided into two groups after getting mature. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Analysis of their leaves revealed that all of them were suffering. The team found that a range of hormones(荷尔蒙) normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, which are normally produced to prevent insect attacks and deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. Ali Akbar’s findings make it clear that though plants lack ears, the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to trigger dramatic stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to drought, highly concentrated salt or heavy metals in their soil. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be collected and transferred into urban-living species, is a mystery worth exploring. 43. What did scientists believe in the past? A. Noise is a problem directly facing both animals and plants. B. Plants can be affected by noise in an indirect way. C. Animal partners can do harm to their botanical partners. D. Sound waves can damage plants because they have senses. 44. What did Ali Akbar want to confirm in their experiment? A. Ultrasound is similar to traffic noise in that it doesn’t harm plants. B. Plants exposed to ultrasound exhibit negative signs of growth. C. Traffic noise causes plants to grow unhealthily and slowly. D. Plant leaves contain hormones dealing with a harsh environment. 45. Which of the following statements is true? A. Plants growing in silence have a reduced level of hormones B. Plants exposed to noise respond differently from those in drought. C. Different noise pollution has the same effect on all species. D. An increase in stress hormones in plants means they are in hardship. 46. What can we infer from the passage? A. Some plants may not necessarily be harmed by the sound in nature. B. Some plants have surely developed a method to cope with traffic noise. C. Unban-living species can be engineered to grow well in the natural world. D. The silence in nature promotes the development of noise coping mechanisms. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物遭受噪音影响是不容怀疑的，植物是否也遭受噪音影响呢？文章通过一个实验阐述交通噪音也影响着植物。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“That plants can be damaged indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt.(植物会间接受到噪音污染的损害，这一点从来都是毋庸置疑的)”可知，过去的科学家们相信植物可以间接地受到噪音的影响。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据“第六段中None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Analysis of their leaves revealed that all of them were suffering. The team found that a range of hormones (荷尔蒙) normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise.(暴露在交通噪音中的植物没有一株生长良好。对它们叶子的分析表明，它们都在遭受痛苦。研究小组发现，在暴露于噪音的植物中，一系列通常与植物健康生长发育相关的激素的水平显著降低)”可推知，阿里·阿克巴想在他们的实验中证实交通噪音导致植物生长不健康，生长缓慢。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Two stress hormones, which are normally produced to prevent insect attacks and deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated.(两种应激激素升高了，这两种激素通常是为了防止昆虫袭击和应对咸土壤或非常寒冷的温度而产生的)”以及倒数第二段“Ali Akbar’s findings make it clear that though plants lack ears, the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to trigger dramatic stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to drought, highly concentrated salt or heavy metals in their soil.(阿里·阿克巴尔的研究结果清楚地表明，尽管植物没有耳朵，但交通噪音仍然足以困扰它们，从而引发剧烈的应激反应，这种应激反应与植物暴露在干旱、土壤中高浓度盐或重金属中的应激反应没有太大区别)”可知，植物中应激激素的增加意味着它们处于困境中。ABC选项均与原文实意不符。故选D项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be collected and transferred into urban-living species, is a mystery worth exploring.(下一个问题是，是否所有的噪音污染都以同样的方式影响所有的物种。自然界决不是安静的。一些植物物种是否进化出了应对机制，有朝一日可能会被收集并转移到城市生活物种中，这是一个值得探索的谜)”可推知，有些植物不一定会受到自然界声音的伤害。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How robots and AI change the meaningfulness of work. A paper from 2011 by Michael Barrett of the University of Cambridge and his co-authors found that the introduction of drug-dispensing robots into hospital pharmacies had varied effects. ____47____ Like the IT administrators rolling back the CrowdStrike update, technicians enjoyed the enhanced status that came with knowing how to fix the robots. Pharmacy assistants had a more miserable time of it, however, as their role shrank to loading medicine into the machines. ____48____. An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung, now of Tulane University, and her co-authors tested how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set. People who prided themselves on being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. ____49____. It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. ____50____. Yet research by Pok Man Tang of the University of Georgia and his co-authors also suggests that workers who interact more with Al assistants feel lonelier and crave more social contact. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or sap their sense of competence. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. A. Consumer reactions to automation can also vary. B. Before machines replace individuals they change the nature of the work they do. C. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of menial tasks. D. In theory, machines can free up time for more interesting tasks; in practice, they seem to have had the opposite effect. E. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine but one that threatens your sense of identity is not. F. Pharmacists felt the quality of their jobs had improved because they had more time for patient counselling. 【答案】47. F 48. A 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了机器人和人工智能如何改变工作的意义。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A paper from 2011 by Michael Barrett of the University of Cambridge and his co-authors found that the introduction of drug-dispensing robots into hospital pharmacies had varied effects.”（剑桥大学的迈克尔·巴雷特(Michael Barrett)和他的合著者在2011年发表的一篇论文中发现，将配药机器人引入医院药房会产生各种各样的影响。）可知，选项在在描述药剂师在引入发药机器人后工作的变化以及他们的感受。故F选项 “药剂师觉得他们的工作质量提高了，因为他们有更多的时间为病人提供咨询。”切题。故选F项。 【48题详解】 根据下文“An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung, now of Tulane University, and her co-authors tested how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set. People who prided themselves on being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button.”（现就职于杜兰大学(Tulane University)的尤吉娜·梁(Eugina Leung)和她的合著者进行了一项实验，测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述有何反应。那些为自己是熟练厨师而自豪的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。）可知，本段主要在说消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。故A选项“消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同”切题。故选A项。Consumer呼应customers；vary呼应reacted to different descriptions。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung, now of Tulane University, and her co-authors tested how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set. People who prided themselves on being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button.”（现就职于杜兰大学(Tulane University)的尤吉娜·梁(Eugina Leung)和她的合著者进行了一项实验，测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述有何反应。那些为自己是熟练厨师而自豪的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。）可知，选项总结上文，解释对烹饪套装有不同描述的消费者反应。故E选项“减少无聊任务的技术很好，但威胁到你的身份感的技术则不好”切题。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work.”（现在就知道人工智能将如何影响工作质量还为时过早）可知，选项承接上文说明有些人使用人工智能的情况，同时与下文构成转折关系。故C选项“有些人可能会使用机器人来集思广益和处理琐事”切题。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The great teen sleeping crisis? A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers. One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers. So what can be done to make life easier for everyone? Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance. In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep. But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin. One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最近的一项研究发现，一半的美国青少年每天睡7个小时。但他们的行为确实有生物学上的借口，这都是褪黑激素的错。一个简单的解决办法就是把上学时间推迟两个小时，青少年自己也需要对自己的睡眠模式承担更多的责任。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. ②One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. ③Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep. But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the fault of the hormone melatonin. One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. 【点睛】[高分句型1] But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep.运用that引导宾语从句对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation (15%) 52. 比赛结束时，观众席上掌声雷动。(burst) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When the game was over, a burst of applause came from the audience. When the game was over, the audience burst into applause. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和状语从句。“比赛结束时”是时间状语从句，用从属连词when引导，主语“比赛”用the game表示，“结束”用短语be over表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态was over；“观众席上掌声雷动”是主句，可用“掌声”作主语，译为a burst of applause，“观众席上”理解为“来自观众席”，谓语“来自”用动词短语come from表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态came from，宾语“观众席”用the audience表示，也可用“观众”作主语，译为the audience，“掌声雷动”理解为“爆发出掌声”，谓语“爆发”用动词短语burst into表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态burst into，宾语“掌声”用applause表示。综上，全句可译为：When the game was over, a burst of applause came from the audience./When the game was over, the audience burst into applause. 53. 看到千姿百态的表演艺术，我不禁赞叹法国文化的深厚底蕴。 (the moment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The moment I saw the various art performance I couldn’t help admiring the profound French culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“看到千姿百态的剪纸作品”翻译为see the various  art performance，为一般过去时；主句主语为I；表示“禁不住做某事”应用can’t help doing sth.，can’t的过去式是couldn’t；表示“赞叹”应用admire，是动名词形式是admiring；表示“法国文化的深厚底蕴”应用the profound French culture。故翻译为The moment I saw the various art performance, I couldn't help admiring the profound French culture. 54. 这个项目的成功在于它能够综合考虑各种不同的观点，真正做到了博采众长。 (account) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The success of this project lies in the fact that it can take various different viewpoints into account and truly draw on the strengths of all. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和名词性从句。“这个项目的成功”翻译为The success of this project；“在于”用短语 lie in，后接名词the fact；用同位语从句解释说明名词the fact的具体内容，句意完整且不缺少成分，所以用连接代词that引导 ；“考虑……”用短语take ...into account；“各种不同的观点”翻译为various different viewpoints；“真正做到了博采众长”翻译为truly draw on the strengths of all。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为The success of this project lies in the fact that it can take various different viewpoints into account and truly draw on the strengths of all.  55. 尽管新兴品牌不断涌现，但这个老字号以其卓越的产品质量，成功地避免被市场淘汰。 (emerge) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although emerging brands keep emerging, this time-honored brand has managed to avoid being eliminated from the market with its outstanding product quality. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和状语从句。“尽管”用连词although，引导让步状语从句；“新兴品牌”翻译为emerging brand；“不断做某事”用短语keep doing sth.；“老字号”翻译为time-honored brand；“成功地做某事”用短语manage to do sth.；“避免做某事”用短语avoid doing sth.；“被淘汰”用短语be eliminated from；“以其卓越的产品质量”翻译为with its outstanding product quality。根据句意，从句用一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。故翻译为Although emerging brands keep emerging, this time-honored brand has managed to avoid being eliminated from the market with its outstanding product quality. V. Guided Writing (25%) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。随着2024年巴黎奥运会的成功举办，全球再次掀起了奥林匹克热潮。你校计划在即将到来的校运动会开幕式上，借鉴奥运会的理念，展现青春活力与运动精神。目前，学校提出了下列两个不同的开幕式方案，并希望听到学生们的建议。请你选择一个方案，写一封信给学校学生会，内容包括： 1. 简述你选择的方案; 2. 详细说明你选择的理由。 方案一：奥运精神传承 (Inheriting the Olympic spirit) 方案二：绿色与科技奥运 (Green and Technological Olympics) ●团队接力跑 (Team Relay) ，模拟奥运火炬 (Olympic Torch) 传递 ●体验奥运项目，设置霹雳舞 (breaking) 和滑板 (skateboarding) 等体验区 ●环保服装秀 (Eco-fashion Show) ，展示用回收材料制作服装 ●无人机和机器人表演，展示科技进步 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear sir or Madam, Learning that our school plans to showcase youth and sportsmanship in the opening ceremony of the upcoming school sports meeting, drawing on the idea of the Olympic Games. I first would like to express my fondness for the second option: Green and technological Olympics. Nowadays environment pollution has become a very serious problem, to raise the awareness of environment protection, I strongly advise the Eco-fashion show. Through displaying clothing made from recycled materials, we can let students realize that various types of waste can be recycled and reused. This activity is vital for environmental protection. By doing this, we conserve resources and prevent pollution. Science and technology have brought human beings tremendous benefits. Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently. We can demonstrate technological progress through drone and robot performances, allowing students to see the benefits of technology for people. I will be happy if you take my advice into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生李华的学校计划在即将到来的校运动会开幕式上，借鉴奥运会的理念，展现青春活力与运动精神。目前，学校提出了下列两个不同的开幕式方案，并希望听到学生们的建议。请考生选择一个方案，写一封信给学校学生会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 展示：show→ display 表达：say → express 巨大的，极大的：huge →tremendous 保护：protect →conserve 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I first would like to express my fondness for the second option: Green and technological Olympics. 拓展句：I first would like to express my fondness for the second option, which is Green and technological Olympics. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Through displaying clothing made from recycled materials, we can let students realize that various types of waste can be recycled and reused.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I will be happy if you take my advice into consideration.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$