专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇（江苏名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（译林版2020）

阅读理解之说明文15篇 (江苏期中真题) 江苏省宿迁市沭阳县2023-2024学年高一上学期期中调研测试英语试卷 Most people tend to take a high-pitched (声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 28．How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A．By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B．By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C．By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D．By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 29．What can be learned about most cats in the study? A．They liked hearing people calling their name. B．They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C．They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D．They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 30．What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A．Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B．Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C．Cats see their owners as a food provider. D．Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 31．What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A．Give more attention to their cats. B．Treat their cats like their children. C．Admit that they are a cat person. D．Talk to their cats using baby talk. A surprising discovery was reported by a team of South Korean researchers in late July. They said that they had created LK-99, a superconductor (超导体) that works at room temperatures and normal pressure levels. When electricity travels through wires (电线), it loses some energy and heats up along the way because of resistance (电阻). Superconductors can let electricity flow through without any resistance. However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. After the team’s report, LK-99 became the center of discussion. Scientists around the world began to copy the steps. However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times. Early in March, US scientists also said they had created such material, but the research is still waiting to be proved. Why have superconductors been a key focus of world science? It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily. With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them. “The development of all future technology needs the support of energy,” wrote Zhou Hongyi, founder of 360 Security Group. “The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.” 32．What normally makes superconductors hard to use? A．Their working temperature. B．Their limited availability. C．Their zero resistance. D．Their high cost. 33．What did researchers discover about LK-99 by mid-August? A．It is a confirmed superconductor. B．It turned out to be a magnetic material. C．It has no potential for superconductivity. D．Its superconductivity is still not certain. 34．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Current electricity shortages. B．Progress in energy technology. C．Benefits of using superconductors. D．Difficulties in developing superconductors. 35．What does Zhou think of the development of technology? A．People should spare no effort to achieve it. B．It requires support from various aspects. C．It will help solve energy issues eventually. D．It should come after solving energy problems. 江苏省南通市崇川区、通州区2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中考试英语试题 Conflict (冲突) between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise (让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions — and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate (合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 8．What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A．Advising children to give in. B．Changing behavior. C．Reaching an understanding. D．Developing rules. 9．Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A．To compromise with their children. B．To be responsible for their actions. C．To find a reason to punish children. D．To set a good example for children. 10．What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen? A．Teach him how to solve it. B．Handle the situation for him. C．Let him deal with it himself. D．Share the solutions with him. 11．What does the underlined word “misconduct” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Improper behavior. B．Strict rules. C．Good performances. D．Frank words. For many years, a great number of scientists have accepted the idea that dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid (小行星), but another idea is now gaining attention. New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs. About 66 million years ago, an asteroid hit the earth. The impact caused earthquakes and tsunamis(very large sea wave). Many scientists believe this allowed about 75% of all plants and animals on the earth to die off, including dinosaurs. Now researchers from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire believe that the asteroid alone did not cause the mass extinction (灭绝) but that volcanoes may also have played a part. A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash (火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies. The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. The team called the eruption and asteroid a double-punch, which had dinosaurs wiped out from the planet completely. There have been several mass extinctions, including the one that killed dinosaurs. Some of the other extinctions were caused by volcanoes, which supports the new idea that a volcano could have been involved in this one. Brenhin Keller said it is difficult to be sure which volcanic eruption caused which mass extinction. But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.” 12．According to new research, what may contribute to the extinction of dinosaurs? A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Tsunamis. D．Asteroid impacts. 13．What does the third paragraph focus on? A．Why volcanic rocks are formed. B．When dinosaurs became extinct. C．Where volcanic eruptions happen. D．How volcanoes killed dinosaurs. 14．Which strongly proved the new finding of dinosaur extinction? A．One extremely large volcano erupted with lava. B．Dinosaurs died out when basalt rocks formed. C．Volcano lava and ash were harmful to dinosaurs. D．Many asteroids hit the earth 66 million years ago. 15．What is Keller’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 江苏省太湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. Paul, professor for health at Skidmore, led the study. “We had the groups divided into evening and morning groups,” he says. “We found women and men answered differently to different types of exercise depending on the time of the day, which surprised us.” The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure (血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood (心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise. “For many people, the best time to exercise will depend on their chronotype,” says Heisz, author of Move the Body, Heal the Mind. “Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz. He continues, “Sleep—which provides your body the necessary time to recover (恢复) and make gains from exercise—should always be the first choice. When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.” 4．What can women get by doing evening exercise according to the study? A．A fat loss. B．A good mood. C．A lower blood pressure. D．A smaller risk of heart disease. 5．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A．Give an example. B．Tell the difference. C．Do an experiment. D．Explain a term. 6．What does Heisz think is important to achieve good results of exercise? A．Enough sleep. B．Low-fat food. C．Plenty of water. D．Lots of exercise. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．A Night Owl or An Early Bird B．Why Fitness Plan Being Important C．How to Change Your Exercise Time D．The Best Time of a Day to Exercise 江苏省太湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺;扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off, blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device (装置) that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data (数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as Wellness FX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health. But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for health y people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may not offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.” Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals? 12．Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph? A．To explain a scene. B．To provide an example. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce the topic. 13．What can we learn about the company Cor’s blood-testing system? A．It is painless and cheap to use. B．It has won popularity among people. C．It may give advice on our diet according to the health data. D．It offers accurate health information about our body 14．What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 15．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Home blood testing: your health monitor! B．Home blood tests: yes or no? C．A new system of improving your health. D．Should blood tests be allowed at home? 江苏省南通西藏民族中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to lose weight. You don’t have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin. ◆Wake-up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, lean forward(前俯) until you feel sore(酸痛的) in your back. It will use up 10 calories. ◆Start with soup Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes. ◆An apple or more a day Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach will want less. Studies show that people who eat at least three apples or pears a day may lose weight. ◆Talk it up Every time you use the cell phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn up 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. 4．The text is to encourage you to ______. A．go on a diet B．follow some habits of thin people C．join a gym D．give up your favorite foods 5．Which of the following ways is a good choice to become thin? A．Sit up quickly in the morning. B．Sit down when using a cell phone. C．Eat rice instead of apples. D．Have soup before the main food. 6．How many skills are there in the text for people to lose weight? A．Two. B．Three. C．Five. D．Four 7．The text is most likely to be read ______. A．on a map B．in a dictionary C．in a story-book D．in a magazine 江苏省南通西藏民族中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Dads have Father’s Day. Moms have Mother’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. However, do our grandparents have a special holiday? Yes, they do! The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their wishes of long life for elderly people. This year it falls on Oct. 23. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. It is a traditional virtue (美德) in China to respect elderly people. That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 8．The Double Ninth Festival is a celebration for . A．fathers B．mothers C．children D．elderly people 9．When do people usually have the Double Ninth Festival? A．On the ninth day of September. B．On the fourth day of October. C．On the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. D．On the ninth day of the ninth month of the solar calendar. 10．What is Paragraph 4 about? A．Why we should respect older people. B．What young people usually do on this festival. C．Examples of respecting older people in daily life. D．Traditional ways of celebrating the festival. 11．Why are Chinese people proud of being old? A．It means they don’t have to work for others. B．It means they have knowledge and experience. C．It means they have more virtues than others. D．It means what they did in the past was meaningful. What comes to your mind when you think of kung fu? Maybe the image of Shaolin monks (和尚) posing with a serious look in their eyes. But does it really present the meaning of kung fu? Laurence J. Brahm, a filmmaker from the United States, explored (探索) this question in Searching for Kung Fu (《寻找功夫》). In the movie, Brahm traveled to cities in China and the US in search of the value of kung fu. Brahm himself is a kung fu lover who has been practicing the art for more than 40 years. For him, it is more than a pastime. Ages ago, Brahm was unable to use one of his legs for two years and had to walk with a cane (拐杖). But by practicing martial arts (武术), he was able to recover step by step. Now, kung fu has become a daily activity for him and also the way he begins the day. Still, there are other deep meanings in the practice. Nonviolence is one value, which is shown both in the name and practice of kung fu. The Chinese character Wu has two parts—ge, meaning “to fight”, and zhi, meaning “to stop”. So, the meaning of kung fu in Chinese is the art of stopping fighting, the art of nonviolence. Kung fu artists always greet people with baoquan. This lets each person know that there are no hidden weapons (隐藏的武器) and shows trust. “The traditional values of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people,” Brahm told Xinhua. 12．What does Brahm think of kung fu? A．It’s just a way to kill time. B．It’s bad for the performer’s legs. C．It’s a way to stay healthy. D．It’s the best way to greet people. 13．What does the underlined word “nonviolence” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．To fight bravely. B．To stop fighting. C．To greet people actively. D．To use weapons secretly. 14．What is the purpose of the story? A．To present the value of kung fu. B．To introduce a movie. C．To prove the popularity of kung fu. D．To show the kindness of Chinese people. 15．According to the passage, which word can best describe Brahm? A．Strong-minded. B．Friendly. C．Generous. D．Confident. 江苏省梅村高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma (沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases. All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation (环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base. We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically. For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape. Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight. 12．What was the greatest concern of Bushin? A．The possible loss of her eyesight. B．The slim chance of getting rid of poverty. C．The potential inability to support her family. D．The deliberate neglect of her by her parents. 13．What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caught. B．Removed. C．Tracked. D．Analyzed. 14．In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs? A．Critical. B．Regretful. C．Humorous. D．Positive. 15．What can we infer from the text? A．NTDs could be cured earlier than expected. B．Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected. C．Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue. D．International cooperation is a must for treating a disease. 江苏省南通中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Some earlier studies had found no clear color preference among mosquitoes. One study found they prefer blue, another that they prefer yellow-green. What should people make of such conflicting results? The apparent color of an object doesn’t just depend on the wavelengths of light it gives off, Claire Rusch explains, who studies mosquitoes for years. It also can be affected by the brightness of that light and its contrast against surrounding colors. Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito’s preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. To do this, she designed a test chamber (室) that was 450 mosquito-body-lengths long in her experiment. Lined with cameras, it recorded the insects’ flight patterns. Two small colored disks laid on the floor of the chamber. Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks’ color, contrast or brightness. So, the researchers projected a chessboard pattern onto the floor of the chamber and gray along the walls. That way, if the mosquitoes went to the colored disks, it could only be due to the disks’ color. The researchers released about 50 starved mosquitoes into the chamber at a time. Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they’ve sensed CO2, so the team sprayed (喷) CO2 inside the chamber. They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. To further investigate that, the team placed disks with different skin tones. But the mosquitoes didn't seem to prefer any particular skin colors. All were equally attractive. 8．What can be inferred about mosquitoes from the first two paragraphs? A．The wavelengths determine the color of an object. B．The background color affects mosquitoes’ eyesight. C．Mosquitoes’ eyes are not sensitive to color contrast. D．Testing their color preference is not so easy. 9．What might affect the result of the experiment? A．The length of the chamber. B．The number of mosquitoes. C．The brightness of the disks. D．The pattern of the chessboard. 10．Why is CO2 used in the experiment? A．To take clearer photos of mosquitoes. B．To stimulate mosquitoes to look for food. C．To slow down the speed of mosquitoes. D．To raise the temperature in the chamber. 11．What can be Rusch’s research finding? A．Cool colors can drive mosquitoes away. B．Skin colors are mosquitoes’ favorite. C．People in red may attract most mosquitoes. D．All colors are equally attractive to mosquitoes. “I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in many domestic (驯养的) animals, for it was they who ended up running the show in his novel, Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures. And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight. Among pigs, pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick or push the victim. Most conflicts end in seconds, but some last a minute or two. In most animal species fights would be like that. However, many of the conflicts among pigs Dr Norscia, a biologist, observed had interested parties beyond the fighters. He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in solving conflicts — and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知的) abilities. Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters were reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them. On other occasions, however, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander interacted with the attacker, which reduced the number of attacks coming after. Sometimes, the bystander interacted with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior. Social intelligence need not, though, be entirely selfless. Pigs are more likely to step in after a conflict if they are closely related to either the attacker or the victim. This is probably an example of kin selection (亲属选择), which favors the development of behavior. 12．Why are Churchill and Orwell mentioned at the beginning? A．To show their preference for pigs. B．To add some related backgrounds. C．To introduce the topic of the text. D．To present their attitude to animals. 13．What can we learn about pigs’ fights? A．They last a little bit longer. B．They happen more often in the wild. C．Pigs with more pounds tend to be the victims. D．There would normally be audiences during the fights. 14．What does the underlined word “were reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Looked up B．Made up. C．Kept in touch. D．Figured out. 15．Which of the following reflects pigs’ social intelligence? A．Offering comfort to victim pigs. B．Forming special bonds with strangers. C．Adjusting their behavior accordingly. D．Caring for others with selfless devotion. 江苏省泗阳县2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 To snack or not to snack? That is the question for doctors and for you, as you try to decide what to do about your hungry stomach when it’s nowhere close to mealtime. The short answer is: I have the snack. Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. “Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,” said medicine specialist Robert Graham. “So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.” But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits. Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients (营养) to your diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritionist, says you can’t go wrong with a handful of mixed nuts, which can help your heart. Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal. The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake. If you’ve ever been unhappy with someone when you were hungry, you know that food can influence your mood. Snacking helps you avoid that position, resulting in fewer mood swings and better focus. Some studies have shown that healthy snacking may also improve memory and cognitive performance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. If you wait too long to eat between meals, your body thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hormone to remind you, which can produce negative moods. In addition to drinking water, snacking on fresh fruits can help your brain. There are different ways to go about (处理) this whole snacking things. Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected. When you snack mindfully, it’s easier to take a deep breath, focus on exactly what you’re eating at that moment, and enjoy the day around you too. 32．How does the author develop the second paragraph? A．By listing numbers. B．By using metaphor. C．By using parallel structures. D．By giving examples. 33．What is closest in meaning to “staminal” in paragraph 3 ? A．Extreme. B．Stressed. C．Material. D．Energetic. 34．What can be inferred from the passage? A．We should have the snack instead of main meals. B．Nuts and fruits may contribute to gaining weight. C．Good snack can help people lose weight and improve health. D．Snacking on cookies and chips can help with depression and anxiety. 35．In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this article? A．Fitness. B．Historical stories. C．Culture and customs. D．Traffic and holidays. 江苏省盐城市亭湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 Humans evolve (进化) from apes. This is what we learned in biology class. But what came before apes? Chinese scientists have discovered fossils (化石) that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish. According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw (颌：颚), a key feature that 99.8 percent of vertebrate (脊椎动物) species have. Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world because of the importance of jaws in animal evolution. However, the rise of the jaw had been a secret for a lack of enough fossil evidence to support that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago. The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish, helping scientists paint a more correct evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two places in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata (岩层) date back to the Silurian Time that began around 440 million years ago. These fossils show that jawed fish were already rising in the world’s ancient oceans at that time. Later, more different and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the way for some fish to finally go on land and evolve into other animals-including humans. These fossils provide a good opportunity to understand the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans, “Zhu said. 8．In which column of a magazine will you most probably read the passage? A．Entertainment. B．Animals. C．Science. D．History. 9．Why did the findings draw a large amount of interest in the science world? A．Because there is a lack of fish fossils. B．Because jaws are a key feature of all species. C．Because the missing of the jaw had been a mystery. D．Because jaws are significant while animals evolve. 10．What does the underlined phrase “at that time” refer to? A．Around 440 million years ago. B．Around 450 million years ago. C．When fish evolved into humans. D．When jawed fish began to spread around the world. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Who Are Our Ancestors? B．What Came Before Apes? C．The Origin of the Jaw D．Key Steps in Evolution If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 12．The main subject of this passage is ________. A．the strategy for learning a second language B．men’s ability to learn a second language C．how language leaning helps brainpower D．the relationship between language learning and math study 13．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．suggest that language learning involves physical labor. B．prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language C．show that language learning is a process of accumulation D．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 14．We may learn from the scientific findings that ________. A．the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one knowing no second language. C．the experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain D．the ability to learn a second language is changing all the time 15．In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (江苏期中真题) 江苏省宿迁市沭阳县2023-2024学年高一上学期期中调研测试英语试卷 Most people tend to take a high-pitched (声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 28．How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A．By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B．By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C．By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D．By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 29．What can be learned about most cats in the study? A．They liked hearing people calling their name. B．They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C．They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D．They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 30．What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A．Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B．Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C．Cats see their owners as a food provider. D．Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 31．What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A．Give more attention to their cats. B．Treat their cats like their children. C．Admit that they are a cat person. D．Talk to their cats using baby talk. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于猫的研究，研究发现大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音，并且猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往，建议猫主人多关心他们的猫。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing—any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. (为了找出真相，Charlotte de Mouzon和她的团队成员观察了16只猫在听到主人或陌生人说的预先录制好的句子时的反应，通过记录它们的行为变化，比如移动耳朵或尾巴，或者突然停止它们正在做的事情——任何一种都可能表明某个声音引起了它们的注意。)”可知，de Mouzon的团队通过观察猫对不同录音的反应来进行他们的研究。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. (他们发现，猫在听到陌生人叫它们名字时通常没有反应，但当它们的主人叫它们名字时，16只猫中有10只表现出了一系列表明注意力增加的行为。)”可知，大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音。故选B。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段““But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” (“但我们的研究支持了这一观点，即它们是相互依赖的。它提供了进一步的证据，鼓励人类将猫视为敏感和健谈的个体，”她补充说。“作为回报，当人类专门对猫说话时，猫会表现出更大的反应，这一事实为之前对这种互动关系的考虑带来了新的维度。”)”可推知，猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” (考虑到这些发现，de Mouzon说猫主人不应该对他们和宠物说话的方式感到害羞。她说：“我也把我的两只猫当作孩子一样和它们说话，它们也会回应。人们可能羞于承认这一点，但我认为这有助于加强猫和主人之间的联系。他们知道我们在关注他们。”)”可知，Mouzon鼓励猫主人多关心他们的猫。故选A。 A surprising discovery was reported by a team of South Korean researchers in late July. They said that they had created LK-99, a superconductor (超导体) that works at room temperatures and normal pressure levels. When electricity travels through wires (电线), it loses some energy and heats up along the way because of resistance (电阻). Superconductors can let electricity flow through without any resistance. However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. After the team’s report, LK-99 became the center of discussion. Scientists around the world began to copy the steps. However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times. Early in March, US scientists also said they had created such material, but the research is still waiting to be proved. Why have superconductors been a key focus of world science? It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily. With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them. “The development of all future technology needs the support of energy,” wrote Zhou Hongyi, founder of 360 Security Group. “The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.” 32．What normally makes superconductors hard to use? A．Their working temperature. B．Their limited availability. C．Their zero resistance. D．Their high cost. 33．What did researchers discover about LK-99 by mid-August? A．It is a confirmed superconductor. B．It turned out to be a magnetic material. C．It has no potential for superconductivity. D．Its superconductivity is still not certain. 34．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Current electricity shortages. B．Progress in energy technology. C．Benefits of using superconductors. D．Difficulties in developing superconductors. 35．What does Zhou think of the development of technology? A．People should spare no effort to achieve it. B．It requires support from various aspects. C．It will help solve energy issues eventually. D．It should come after solving energy problems. 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个韩国研究小组报告说，他们已经创造出LK-99，一种在室温和常压水平下工作的超导体。文章介绍了这种超导体的特性以及超导体成为世界科学的焦点的原因。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. (然而，据《每日科学》报道，它们通常只能在极低的温度下工作，大约在-200℃左右。这使得它们难以生产和使用)”可知，通常是工作温度让超导体难以使用。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times.(然而，截至8月中旬，研究人员发表了几篇新报告，表明LK-99在室温下不是超导体。《纽约时报》称：“这是一种具有超导体特性的磁性材料。”)”可知，到8月中旬，研究人员发现LK-99原来是一种磁性材料。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。根据第五段“It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily.(它可以使能源系统更有效率。根据中国正泰集团（一家领先的全球新能源公司）的数据，目前，在发电机和用户之间，大约有8%到15%的电力损失。超导体保证损耗不会再增加。每根电线可以输送更多的电。”中国科学院的徐庆进在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，每个人的电价可能会降至目前价格的十分之一)”以及第六段“With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them.(有了超导体，智能手机可以在很短的时间内充满电，也许只有几秒钟。电动汽车可以行驶更远的距离，司机不必担心在旅途中耗尽电力。由于超导体不会发热，电网将更加安全。我们可以拥有更薄的手机和笔记本电脑，因为不需要风扇来冷却它们)”可知，第5段和第6段主要讲了使用超导体的好处。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.(首先应该考虑的是能源问题，而不仅仅是创造更好的技术)”可知，周认为科技的发展应该在解决能源问题之后。故选D。 江苏省南通市崇川区、通州区2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中考试英语试题 Conflict (冲突) between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise (让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions — and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate (合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 8．What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A．Advising children to give in. B．Changing behavior. C．Reaching an understanding. D．Developing rules. 9．Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A．To compromise with their children. B．To be responsible for their actions. C．To find a reason to punish children. D．To set a good example for children. 10．What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen? A．Teach him how to solve it. B．Handle the situation for him. C．Let him deal with it himself. D．Share the solutions with him. 11．What does the underlined word “misconduct” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Improper behavior. B．Strict rules. C．Good performances. D．Frank words. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何解决父母和孩子之间的冲突。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. (重要的是相互沟通，以和平方式解决冲突.)”和“No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. (不管你做什么，和你的孩子交流，确保他们知道你爱他们.)”可知，解决父母和孩子冲突的关键是互相沟通和理解，故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. (所以，如果你想让你的孩子以某种方式行事，一种方法可能是改变你的行为，这样你的孩子就会以你为榜样。)”可知，父母首先需在冲突中改变自己的行为，这是为了给孩子树立榜样，故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. (但在某些情况下，除非孩子有身体上的危险，否则最好让孩子自己处理他们所做的事情的负面结果。)”可知，如果孩子造成不好的事情发生，父母应让孩子自己去处理，故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“Thus, if your child disobey the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. (因此，如果你的孩子不遵守规则，明确告诉他，因为他不能负责任地玩玩具，他将被剥夺使用玩具的权利。)”可知，本段是说明确告知孩子不当行为的后果，misconduct意为“不当行为”，故选A。 For many years, a great number of scientists have accepted the idea that dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid (小行星), but another idea is now gaining attention. New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs. About 66 million years ago, an asteroid hit the earth. The impact caused earthquakes and tsunamis(very large sea wave). Many scientists believe this allowed about 75% of all plants and animals on the earth to die off, including dinosaurs. Now researchers from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire believe that the asteroid alone did not cause the mass extinction (灭绝) but that volcanoes may also have played a part. A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash (火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies. The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. The team called the eruption and asteroid a double-punch, which had dinosaurs wiped out from the planet completely. There have been several mass extinctions, including the one that killed dinosaurs. Some of the other extinctions were caused by volcanoes, which supports the new idea that a volcano could have been involved in this one. Brenhin Keller said it is difficult to be sure which volcanic eruption caused which mass extinction. But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.” 12．According to new research, what may contribute to the extinction of dinosaurs? A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Tsunamis. D．Asteroid impacts. 13．What does the third paragraph focus on? A．Why volcanic rocks are formed. B．When dinosaurs became extinct. C．Where volcanic eruptions happen. D．How volcanoes killed dinosaurs. 14．Which strongly proved the new finding of dinosaur extinction? A．One extremely large volcano erupted with lava. B．Dinosaurs died out when basalt rocks formed. C．Volcano lava and ash were harmful to dinosaurs. D．Many asteroids hit the earth 66 million years ago. 15．What is Keller’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs.(新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝)”可知，新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝，故选B。 13．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash ( 火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies.(一组科学家正在研究德干高原，这是印度南部的一个大山区。他们发现了火山岩形成玄武岩洪水的迹象。火山岩是火山喷发时形成的，喷出的熔岩冷却后变成固体。玄武岩洪水形成时，无论是几个小喷发或一个极大的喷发洪水的大面积土地与熔岩。这些火山喷发可以用火山灰挡住太阳，阻止植物生长，并且杀死动物的食物供应。)”可知，第三段重点讲了火山是如何杀死恐龙的。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. (科学家们发现玄武岩形成于恐龙灭绝的时期。这是一个强有力的线索，表明一个巨大的火山喷发类型可能导致了恐龙的死亡。)”可知，玄武岩形成时，恐龙灭绝了，这有力地证明了恐龙灭绝的新发现，故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.”(但是，Keller说，“研究结果使我们很难不去注意火山作用在灭绝中的作用。”)”可推知，Keller对这项新发现持赞成的态度，故选A。 江苏省太湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. Paul, professor for health at Skidmore, led the study. “We had the groups divided into evening and morning groups,” he says. “We found women and men answered differently to different types of exercise depending on the time of the day, which surprised us.” The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure (血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood (心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise. “For many people, the best time to exercise will depend on their chronotype,” says Heisz, author of Move the Body, Heal the Mind. “Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz. He continues, “Sleep—which provides your body the necessary time to recover (恢复) and make gains from exercise—should always be the first choice. When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.” 4．What can women get by doing evening exercise according to the study? A．A fat loss. B．A good mood. C．A lower blood pressure. D．A smaller risk of heart disease. 5．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A．Give an example. B．Tell the difference. C．Do an experiment. D．Explain a term. 6．What does Heisz think is important to achieve good results of exercise? A．Enough sleep. B．Low-fat food. C．Plenty of water. D．Lots of exercise. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．A Night Owl or An Early Bird B．Why Fitness Plan Being Important C．How to Change Your Exercise Time D．The Best Time of a Day to Exercise 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood (心情) improvement should consider evening exercise.(那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼)”可知，根据这项研究，女性可以通过晚上锻炼改善情绪，变得情绪好。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第五段内容““Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz.(“生物钟是你身体在特定时间睡觉的自然习惯，它决定了你是夜猫子还是早起鸟。对于25%认为自己是夜猫子的人来说，获得足够的睡眠和足够的锻炼是很困难的，”海兹补充道)”可知，在本段作者解释了一个术语——生物钟。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.(说到运动，不管研究表明在一天中的特定时间进行某些运动有什么好处，如果没有足够的睡眠时间，你的结果都不会好)”可知，海兹认为要达到良好的运动效果，足够的睡眠是重要的。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. ( 斯基德莫尔学院的一项小型研究调查了早晚锻炼对女性和男性的好处)”和第三段的“The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure (血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood (心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise.(研究表明，对于想要降低血压、心脏病风险或减少脂肪的女性来说，晨练效果最好。那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼。对于男性来说，研究结果有些不同：晚上锻炼可以降低血压、患心脏病的风险和疲劳感。但与女性相似的是，他们通过晨练燃烧更多的脂肪)”可知，本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。因此推断D项“一天中锻炼的最佳时间”为最佳标题。故选D。 江苏省太湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺;扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off, blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device (装置) that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data (数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as Wellness FX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health. But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for health y people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may not offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.” Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals? 12．Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph? A．To explain a scene. B．To provide an example. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce the topic. 13．What can we learn about the company Cor’s blood-testing system? A．It is painless and cheap to use. B．It has won popularity among people. C．It may give advice on our diet according to the health data. D．It offers accurate health information about our body 14．What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 15．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Home blood testing: your health monitor! B．Home blood tests: yes or no? C．A new system of improving your health. D．Should blood tests be allowed at home? 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来可能会兴起的新技术——家庭验血技术。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.(除非你患有严重的疾病，如糖尿病，否则你可能从未检测过自己的血液。但在未来，这种情况可能会改变。)”和第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing.(Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统。)”可知，作者在第一段提到了典型的早晨是为了引出话题。故选D项。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data (数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.(几分钟后，你的手机会嗡嗡作响地发出最新的信息，包括你当前的健康数据，以及关于白天吃什么和如何锻炼的建议。)”可知，Cor公司的血液检测系统可以根据健康数据对我们的饮食提出建议。故选C项。 14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”(哈佛大学医学院的彼得·科恩在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“最轻微的结果是，你丢了钱，然后被提醒要多睡觉，多吃水果、蔬菜和鱼。”“最糟糕的结果是，你最终会被可能不正常的结果吓坏，而这些结果对你来说实际上是完全正常的。”)”可知，彼得·科恩对这种制度持消极态度。故选A项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing.(Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统。)”和最后一段“So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals?(你怎么看?通过针刺来监测自己的健康是未来的方式吗?还是把验血留给专业医生更好?)”可知，文章说明了Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统，且说明了家庭血液检测系统的利弊，所以B选项“家庭验血：肯定还是否定?”适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 江苏省南通西藏民族中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to lose weight. You don’t have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin. ◆Wake-up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, lean forward(前俯) until you feel sore(酸痛的) in your back. It will use up 10 calories. ◆Start with soup Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes. ◆An apple or more a day Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach will want less. Studies show that people who eat at least three apples or pears a day may lose weight. ◆Talk it up Every time you use the cell phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn up 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. 4．The text is to encourage you to ______. A．go on a diet B．follow some habits of thin people C．join a gym D．give up your favorite foods 5．Which of the following ways is a good choice to become thin? A．Sit up quickly in the morning. B．Sit down when using a cell phone. C．Eat rice instead of apples. D．Have soup before the main food. 6．How many skills are there in the text for people to lose weight? A．Two. B．Three. C．Five. D．Four 7．The text is most likely to be read ______. A．on a map B．in a dictionary C．in a story-book D．in a magazine 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．D 7．D 【分析】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要是告诉人们改掉坏的生活习惯来减肥，作者对此提出几点详细的建议。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you'll become thin.及下文描述，可知，本文旨在鼓励你遵循瘦人们的一些习惯来减肥。故B选项正确。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes.可知，在主食前喝汤是减肥的好选择。其它选项明显与文章内容不符。故D选项正确。 6．细节理解题。通读全文可知，本文中给出了四种减肥的技巧。故D选项正确。 7．推理判断题。这篇短文主要是告诉人们改掉坏的生活习惯来减肥，属于健康内容，极可能在杂志上能读到。故D选项正确。 【点睛】本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。例如第2小题，要求我们找出四个选项中哪一个是减肥的好选择。对比原文可知，只有D选项Have soup before the main food.与文章Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes.相符，其它三个选项明显与文章内容相违背。从而确定D选项正确。 江苏省南通西藏民族中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Dads have Father’s Day. Moms have Mother’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. However, do our grandparents have a special holiday? Yes, they do! The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their wishes of long life for elderly people. This year it falls on Oct. 23. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. It is a traditional virtue (美德) in China to respect elderly people. That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 8．The Double Ninth Festival is a celebration for . A．fathers B．mothers C．children D．elderly people 9．When do people usually have the Double Ninth Festival? A．On the ninth day of September. B．On the fourth day of October. C．On the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. D．On the ninth day of the ninth month of the solar calendar. 10．What is Paragraph 4 about? A．Why we should respect older people. B．What young people usually do on this festival. C．Examples of respecting older people in daily life. D．Traditional ways of celebrating the festival. 11．Why are Chinese people proud of being old? A．It means they don’t have to work for others. B．It means they have knowledge and experience. C．It means they have more virtues than others. D．It means what they did in the past was meaningful. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重阳节的节日习俗和文化含义，以及尊重老人这一中华传统美德在日常生活中的体现和其背后的原因。 8． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. (重阳节是中国老年人的特殊节日)”可知，重阳节是老年人的节日。故选D项。 9． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. (这个节日是在农历九月初九)”可知，人们通常在农历九月初九庆祝重阳节。故选C项。 10． 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people. (尊重老人不仅体现在这个特殊的日子里，也体现在日常生活中。例如，当一位老人进入房间时，每个人都站起来。当餐桌上有几位客人时，主人通常从最年长的介绍到最年幼的。当年轻人向老年人递东西时，要用双手。在拥挤的地铁或公共汽车上，年轻人总是给老年人让座)”可知，本段说明尊重老人也体现在日常生活中，并用具体事例对此进行了说明。故选C项。 11． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. (这是因为中国人知道老年人有知识和经验，年轻人可以学习。所以，中国人以年老而自豪)”可知，中国人以年老而自豪是因为这意味着他们有知识和经验。故选B项。 What comes to your mind when you think of kung fu? Maybe the image of Shaolin monks (和尚) posing with a serious look in their eyes. But does it really present the meaning of kung fu? Laurence J. Brahm, a filmmaker from the United States, explored (探索) this question in Searching for Kung Fu (《寻找功夫》). In the movie, Brahm traveled to cities in China and the US in search of the value of kung fu. Brahm himself is a kung fu lover who has been practicing the art for more than 40 years. For him, it is more than a pastime. Ages ago, Brahm was unable to use one of his legs for two years and had to walk with a cane (拐杖). But by practicing martial arts (武术), he was able to recover step by step. Now, kung fu has become a daily activity for him and also the way he begins the day. Still, there are other deep meanings in the practice. Nonviolence is one value, which is shown both in the name and practice of kung fu. The Chinese character Wu has two parts—ge, meaning “to fight”, and zhi, meaning “to stop”. So, the meaning of kung fu in Chinese is the art of stopping fighting, the art of nonviolence. Kung fu artists always greet people with baoquan. This lets each person know that there are no hidden weapons (隐藏的武器) and shows trust. “The traditional values of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people,” Brahm told Xinhua. 12．What does Brahm think of kung fu? A．It’s just a way to kill time. B．It’s bad for the performer’s legs. C．It’s a way to stay healthy. D．It’s the best way to greet people. 13．What does the underlined word “nonviolence” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．To fight bravely. B．To stop fighting. C．To greet people actively. D．To use weapons secretly. 14．What is the purpose of the story? A．To present the value of kung fu. B．To introduce a movie. C．To prove the popularity of kung fu. D．To show the kindness of Chinese people. 15．According to the passage, which word can best describe Brahm? A．Strong-minded. B．Friendly. C．Generous. D．Confident. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国功夫，探讨了中国功夫不仅仅是一种防身的技能，更代表着一种哲学观念和非暴力的价值观。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Brahm himself is a kung fu lover who has been practicing the art for more than 40 years. For him, it is more than a pastime. Ages ago, Brahm was unable to use one of his legs for two years and had to walk with a cane (拐杖). But by practicing martial arts (武术), he was able to recover step by step.( Brahm本人是一名功夫爱好者，他已经练习了40多年的功夫。对他来说，这不仅仅是一种消遣。很久以前，Brahm有两年不能使用他的一条腿，不得不用拐杖走路。但通过练习武术，他能够一步一步地恢复。)”可知，对Brahm而言，功夫可以让他保持健康。故选C。 13．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“which is shown both in the name and practice of kung fu. The Chinese character Wu has two parts—ge, meaning “to fight”, and zhi, meaning “to stop”. So, the meaning of kung fu in Chinese is the art of stopping fighting(它体现在功夫的名称和实践中。汉字“武”有两部分——“戈”，意思是“战斗”，“止”，意思是“停止”。所以，功夫在中文里的意思是停止打斗的艺术)”可知，划线单词和“停止打斗”相似。选项B“To stop fighting(停止战斗)”与划线单词词义一致。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“What comes to your mind when you think of kung fu? Maybe the image of Shaolin monks (和尚) posing with a serious look in their eyes. But does it really present the meaning of kung fu?(当你想到功夫的时候，你会想到什么？也许是少林和尚摆姿势，眼神严肃的形象。但它真的体现了功夫的意义吗？)”以及最后一段“The traditional values of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people,” Brahm told Xinhua.(“功夫的传统价值，实际上，在所有中国人的心中，”Brahm告诉新华社。)”可知，文章主要是为了告诉我们功夫的价值。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Brahm himself is a kung fu lover who has been practicing the art for more than 40 years. For him, it is more than a pastime.( Brahm本人是一名功夫爱好者，他已经练习了40多年的功夫。)”可知，Brahm喜欢功夫并已经练习了40多年。这表明他具有坚定的信念和毅力，因此选项A“Strong-minded(坚定意志的)”最能描述他的特点。故选A。 江苏省梅村高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma (沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases. All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation (环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base. We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically. For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape. Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight. 12．What was the greatest concern of Bushin? A．The possible loss of her eyesight. B．The slim chance of getting rid of poverty. C．The potential inability to support her family. D．The deliberate neglect of her by her parents. 13．What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caught. B．Removed. C．Tracked. D．Analyzed. 14．In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs? A．Critical. B．Regretful. C．Humorous. D．Positive. 15．What can we infer from the text? A．NTDs could be cured earlier than expected. B．Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected. C．Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue. D．International cooperation is a must for treating a disease. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．B 【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了在一些贫困地区，由于医疗条件差导致许多疾病无法治疗，由于疾病无法工作而导致更贫穷的现状，幸运的是，利用已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施，一些疾病可以完全被控制或治愈。在对抗贫困地区疾病方面还需要全人类共同努力。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working,”可知，Bushin最担心的不是漫长痛苦的失明。她担心失明会让她无法工作，无法养活家人。故选C。 13．词义猜测题。根据第二段“All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions.”可知，所有的热带疾病都可以通过已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施得到完全控制或治愈，再结合画线短语前的“We know it can be done. ”可知，我们知道这是可以做到的。因此此处是说通过长期的努力，一些热带疾病在一些国家已经被消灭了，由此可知画线短语的意思是“消灭、去除”的意思，故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions.”(所有的热带疾病都可以通过已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施得到完全控制或治愈)、第三段“We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos.”(我们知道这是可以做到的。经过长期努力，老挝等一些国家已经消灭了一些热带疾病)、第四段“For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight.”(对于Bushin来说，这个故事的结局很好。通过国外援助项目，她成功地完成了治疗沙眼的手术，挽救了视力)以及最后一段“The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people.”(全球抗击热带疾病的成功对数百万人来说是个好消息。)可推知作者对热带疾病的治疗是积极的，充满希望的。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段“She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working,”可知，Bushin害怕疾病会让她无法工作，无法养活家人、第二段“Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base.”(预防、控制和治疗这些疾病，从根本上扑灭了贫困之火。) 并结合常识可知因疾病而无法工作，会导致贫穷；由于贫穷，医疗条件差，会使疾病无法得到治疗。即贫穷和疾病在很大程度上相互关联，故选B。 江苏省南通中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Some earlier studies had found no clear color preference among mosquitoes. One study found they prefer blue, another that they prefer yellow-green. What should people make of such conflicting results? The apparent color of an object doesn’t just depend on the wavelengths of light it gives off, Claire Rusch explains, who studies mosquitoes for years. It also can be affected by the brightness of that light and its contrast against surrounding colors. Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito’s preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. To do this, she designed a test chamber (室) that was 450 mosquito-body-lengths long in her experiment. Lined with cameras, it recorded the insects’ flight patterns. Two small colored disks laid on the floor of the chamber. Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks’ color, contrast or brightness. So, the researchers projected a chessboard pattern onto the floor of the chamber and gray along the walls. That way, if the mosquitoes went to the colored disks, it could only be due to the disks’ color. The researchers released about 50 starved mosquitoes into the chamber at a time. Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they’ve sensed CO2, so the team sprayed (喷) CO2 inside the chamber. They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. To further investigate that, the team placed disks with different skin tones. But the mosquitoes didn't seem to prefer any particular skin colors. All were equally attractive. 8．What can be inferred about mosquitoes from the first two paragraphs? A．The wavelengths determine the color of an object. B．The background color affects mosquitoes’ eyesight. C．Mosquitoes’ eyes are not sensitive to color contrast. D．Testing their color preference is not so easy. 9．What might affect the result of the experiment? A．The length of the chamber. B．The number of mosquitoes. C．The brightness of the disks. D．The pattern of the chessboard. 10．Why is CO2 used in the experiment? A．To take clearer photos of mosquitoes. B．To stimulate mosquitoes to look for food. C．To slow down the speed of mosquitoes. D．To raise the temperature in the chamber. 11．What can be Rusch’s research finding? A．Cool colors can drive mosquitoes away. B．Skin colors are mosquitoes’ favorite. C．People in red may attract most mosquitoes. D．All colors are equally attractive to mosquitoes. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了Rusch就蚊子是否会有特定的颜色偏好所做的研究。 8．推理判断题。第一段讲述了针对蚊子的颜色偏好不同的研究结果。通过第二段“Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito's preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. (人类看到物体的颜色很大程度上取决于它发出的光的波长。但其他生物的眼睛可能对对比度或亮度更敏感。“我们需要控制所有这些变量，以真正确定蚊子的偏好来自物体的波长，”Rusch说)”可之，其他生物（蚊子）对对比度或亮度较敏感，所以做有关蚊子对颜色偏好的实验并不容易，要控制好所有变量才能得到准确结果，故答案为D。 9．推理判断题。由第四段“Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks' color, contrast or brightness. (因为研究人员想知道蚊子是否会被特定的颜色吸引，所以圆盘不能是室内最暗或最亮的物体。否则，蚊子是否被圆盘的颜色、对比度或亮度所吸引就不得而知了)”可知，研究人员在做实验时要注意圆盘的颜色，太亮太暗都不行，不然会影响实验结果。由此可推断出，C项“The brightness of the disks. (圆盘的亮度)”符合题意。故答案为C。 10．细节理解题。由第五段“Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they've sensed CO2, so the team sprayed（喷）CO2 inside the chamber. (因为蚊子在感应到二氧化碳后才会开始捕食，所以研究小组在室内喷洒了二氧化碳)”可知，研究人员喷洒二氧化碳的原因是为了吸引蚊子捕食。选项B中的“look for”呼应文中的“hunting”。故答案为B。 11．推理判断题。倒数第二段“They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. (他们发现，在喷洒二氧化碳之前，蚊子忽略了所有有颜色的圆盘。有了二氧化碳，蚊子会忽略任何绿色、蓝色或紫色的圆盘。但昆虫确实会飞向红色、橙色或浅蓝色的圆盘。它们似乎特别喜欢红色)”是研究结果，表明红色、橙色和浅蓝色吸引蚊子注意，尤其是蚊子可能会更偏爱红色，所以选项C“People in red may attract most mosquitoes. (穿红色衣服的人可能吸引大多数蚊子)”符合Rusch的研究结果，故答案为C。 “I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in many domestic (驯养的) animals, for it was they who ended up running the show in his novel, Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures. And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight. Among pigs, pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick or push the victim. Most conflicts end in seconds, but some last a minute or two. In most animal species fights would be like that. However, many of the conflicts among pigs Dr Norscia, a biologist, observed had interested parties beyond the fighters. He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in solving conflicts — and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知的) abilities. Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters were reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them. On other occasions, however, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander interacted with the attacker, which reduced the number of attacks coming after. Sometimes, the bystander interacted with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior. Social intelligence need not, though, be entirely selfless. Pigs are more likely to step in after a conflict if they are closely related to either the attacker or the victim. This is probably an example of kin selection (亲属选择), which favors the development of behavior. 12．Why are Churchill and Orwell mentioned at the beginning? A．To show their preference for pigs. B．To add some related backgrounds. C．To introduce the topic of the text. D．To present their attitude to animals. 13．What can we learn about pigs’ fights? A．They last a little bit longer. B．They happen more often in the wild. C．Pigs with more pounds tend to be the victims. D．There would normally be audiences during the fights. 14．What does the underlined word “were reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Looked up B．Made up. C．Kept in touch. D．Figured out. 15．Which of the following reflects pigs’ social intelligence? A．Offering comfort to victim pigs. B．Forming special bonds with strangers. C．Adjusting their behavior accordingly. D．Caring for others with selfless devotion. 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猪打架后如何和解，这证实了猪是非常聪明的。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中““I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. (据说温斯顿·丘吉尔曾经说过:“我喜欢猪。”“狗尊敬我们。猫看不起我们。猪对我们是平等的。”与丘吉尔同时代的乔治·奥威尔是否也喜欢猪就不那么清楚了。) ”并联系下文对猪的探讨可推知，作者一开始就提到丘吉尔和奥威尔是为了引出本文要探讨的话题。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, many of the conflicts among pigs Dr Norscia, a biologist, observed had interested parties beyond the fighters. He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in solving conflicts—and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知的) abilities. (然而，生物学家Norscia博士观察到，在猪之间的许多冲突中，除了打架者之外，还有其他利益相关方。因此，他想了解这些旁观者在解决冲突中的作用，以及这对猪的认知能力有何影响。)”可知，猪打架的特别之处是它们会有旁观者。故选D项。 14．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr. Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them. (打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Norscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要。)”可知，Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解，建立友好关系。故可猜测划线单词reconciled为“和解”的意思。A. Looked up抬起头来；B. Made up和解；C. Kept in touch保持联系；D. Figured out弄明白了。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On other occasions, however, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander interacted with the attacker, which reduced the number of attacks coming after. Sometimes, the bystander interacted with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior. (然而，在其他情况下，第三只猪会介入。有时，这个旁观者与攻击者互动，这减少了随后的攻击次数。有时，旁观者会与受害者互动。这似乎使受害者平静下来，因为它减少了与焦虑相关的行为。)”可知，旁观者在解决冲突中起到了一定作用，安慰受害者，与攻击者互动，这反反映了猪的社会智能。故选A项。 江苏省泗阳县2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 To snack or not to snack? That is the question for doctors and for you, as you try to decide what to do about your hungry stomach when it’s nowhere close to mealtime. The short answer is: I have the snack. Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. “Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,” said medicine specialist Robert Graham. “So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.” But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits. Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients (营养) to your diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritionist, says you can’t go wrong with a handful of mixed nuts, which can help your heart. Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal. The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake. If you’ve ever been unhappy with someone when you were hungry, you know that food can influence your mood. Snacking helps you avoid that position, resulting in fewer mood swings and better focus. Some studies have shown that healthy snacking may also improve memory and cognitive performance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. If you wait too long to eat between meals, your body thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hormone to remind you, which can produce negative moods. In addition to drinking water, snacking on fresh fruits can help your brain. There are different ways to go about (处理) this whole snacking things. Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected. When you snack mindfully, it’s easier to take a deep breath, focus on exactly what you’re eating at that moment, and enjoy the day around you too. 32．How does the author develop the second paragraph? A．By listing numbers. B．By using metaphor. C．By using parallel structures. D．By giving examples. 33．What is closest in meaning to “staminal” in paragraph 3 ? A．Extreme. B．Stressed. C．Material. D．Energetic. 34．What can be inferred from the passage? A．We should have the snack instead of main meals. B．Nuts and fruits may contribute to gaining weight. C．Good snack can help people lose weight and improve health. D．Snacking on cookies and chips can help with depression and anxiety. 35．In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this article? A．Fitness. B．Historical stories. C．Culture and customs. D．Traffic and holidays. 【答案】32．D 33．D 34．C 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了零食的选择对健康的影响，以及如何选择健康的零食。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. ‘Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,’ said medicine specialist Robert Graham. ‘So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.’(聪明的零食可以防止由于极度饥饿而导致的不健康的暴饮暴食。‘你的身体一直在和你说话一你只需要倾听。’医学专家Robert Graham说：‘所以，如果你开始感到有点饿了，不要等。’)”以及“But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits.(但你不能随便拿点零食。薯片和饼干会迅速提高你的血糖，从而导致糖崩溃。相反，尝试坚果和水果)”可知，第二段是通过医学专家的话来证实零食可以减肥，并通过薯片等来说明如何选择零食，所以本段是通过举例子展开叙述的，故选D。 33．词义猜测题。根据和划线词所在句“Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal.(吃富含蛋白质的食物有助于保持你的肌肉强壮和staminal。) ”中的“keep your muscle strong and”以及划线词下文“The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake.(人体每餐只能吸收有限的蛋白质，因此通过零食在一天中分配蛋白质可以最大限度地增加蛋白质摄入量)”可知，吃富含蛋白质的食物对人体有好处，staminal与strong并列作宾补，都是具有积极含义的词；由此可推断，staminal与D选项Energetic意思最相近，表示“精力充沛的”，故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger.(吃零食能帮你减掉几磅吗？是的。聪明的零食可以防止由于极度饥饿而导致的不健康的暴饮暴食)”、第三段中“Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients (营养) to your diet.(吃零食是在饮食中添加多种营养的一种方式)”和最后一段中“Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don't stop at weight loss and improved health(选择一个健康的，合适大小的，填饱肚子的选择，它的好处不仅仅是减肥和改善健康)”可知，好的零食可以帮助人们减肥并改善健康，故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected.(选择一个健康的，合适大小的，填饱肚子的选择，它的好处不仅仅是减肥和改善健康；你的总体生活方式可能会受到影响)”可知，文章主要讲述聪明地选择零食不仅仅是减肥和改善健康，还会影响生活方式，由此推知文章应是出自杂志中的健康部分，故选A。 江苏省盐城市亭湖高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 Humans evolve (进化) from apes. This is what we learned in biology class. But what came before apes? Chinese scientists have discovered fossils (化石) that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish. According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw (颌：颚), a key feature that 99.8 percent of vertebrate (脊椎动物) species have. Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world because of the importance of jaws in animal evolution. However, the rise of the jaw had been a secret for a lack of enough fossil evidence to support that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago. The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish, helping scientists paint a more correct evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two places in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata (岩层) date back to the Silurian Time that began around 440 million years ago. These fossils show that jawed fish were already rising in the world’s ancient oceans at that time. Later, more different and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the way for some fish to finally go on land and evolve into other animals-including humans. These fossils provide a good opportunity to understand the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans, “Zhu said. 8．In which column of a magazine will you most probably read the passage? A．Entertainment. B．Animals. C．Science. D．History. 9．Why did the findings draw a large amount of interest in the science world? A．Because there is a lack of fish fossils. B．Because jaws are a key feature of all species. C．Because the missing of the jaw had been a mystery. D．Because jaws are significant while animals evolve. 10．What does the underlined phrase “at that time” refer to? A．Around 440 million years ago. B．Around 450 million years ago. C．When fish evolved into humans. D．When jawed fish began to spread around the world. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Who Are Our Ancestors? B．What Came Before Apes? C．The Origin of the Jaw D．Key Steps in Evolution 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家在重庆和贵州的两地发现的鱼类的下颚化石，这一发现填补了鱼类如何进化为人类的进化史上的一些关键空白。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw (颌：颚), a key feature that 99.8 percent of vertebrate (脊椎动物) species have.(根据9月下旬发表在《自然》杂志上的四篇文章，中国研究人员发现的鱼类化石提供了关于颌骨起源的“缺失环节”，而颌骨是99.8%的脊椎动物物种所具有的一个关键特征)”和文章介绍了中国科学家在重庆和贵州的两地发现的鱼类的下颚化石，这一发现填补了鱼类如何进化为人类的进化史上的一些关键空白，可推知，文章选自杂志的“科学”栏目。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world because of the importance of jaws in animal evolution.(来自中国科学院的首席研究员朱民表示，由于颌骨在动物进化中的重要性，这一发现引起了科学界的极大兴趣)”可知，这些发现在科学界引起了很大的兴趣是因为在动物进化的过程中，颌骨很重要。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“The fish fossils were discovered at two places in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata (岩层) date back to the Silurian Time that began around 440 million years ago.(这些鱼化石是在重庆和贵州的两个地方发现的，这两个地方的地层可以追溯到大约4.4亿年前的志留纪)”以及划线词所在句“These fossils show that jawed fish were already rising in the world’s ancient oceans at that time.”可知，这些化石表明，在大约4.4亿年前，有颌鱼已经在世界古代海洋中崛起了。故划线词意思是“大约4.4亿年前”。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Humans evolve (进化) from apes. This is what we learned in biology class. But what came before apes? Chinese scientists have discovered fossils (化石) that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish.(人类是从猿类进化而来的。这是我们在生物课上学到的。但是在猿类出现之前是什么呢？中国科学家发现了化石，可以丰富人类是如何从鱼类进化而来的进化故事)”可知，文章介绍了中国科学家在重庆和贵州的两地发现鱼类的下颚化石，这一发现填补了人类进化史上的一些关键空白，为研究在猿类出现之前有什么提供了新的思路。所以，B选项“在猿类出现之前有什么？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 12．The main subject of this passage is ________. A．the strategy for learning a second language B．men’s ability to learn a second language C．how language leaning helps brainpower D．the relationship between language learning and math study 13．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．suggest that language learning involves physical labor. B．prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language C．show that language learning is a process of accumulation D．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 14．We may learn from the scientific findings that ________. A．the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one knowing no second language. C．the experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain D．the ability to learn a second language is changing all the time 15．In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学习第二语言可以提高聪明才智，而且越年轻学第二语言，效果更好。 12．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，第二段的第一句“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.”表达的是“根据一所英国大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的聪明才智。”第四段的第一句“Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.”表达的是“扫描显示能说双语的人的大脑中的灰质密度要比不会说第二语言的人的密度更大。”第五段的第一句““Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists.”表达的是“科学家说，“我们的发现表明大脑的结构会受学习第二语言的经验而改变。””由此可见，全文主要是在讲述语言学习是如何帮助提升脑力的。结合选项可知，选项C正确。 13．推理判断题。由第二段中的第二句“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter.”和第四句“It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.”可知，研究者发现学习其他语言可以改变灰质。它和运动能塑造肌肉的方法是相似的。由此可见，第四句中作者是用锻炼塑造肌肉产生的效果和其他语言的学习对灰质的改善进行类比，是为了使人们相信语言的学习可以帮助灰质更好的工作。结合选项可知，选项D正确。 14．推理判断题。由第二段的最后一句“The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language.”可知，该研究也发现脑力提升的效果越大，学习第二语言的人越年轻。由此可见，你开始学习第二语言的时间越早，灰质密度会越高。结合选项可知，选项A正确。 15．推理判断题。由第六段的第一句“Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills.”，最后一段的最后一句““Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.”可知，威尔士大学的狄伦·沃恩·琼斯教授已经研究了双语能力和数学能力之间的关系。科学家解释，“学习一门语言意味着你进入到了另外一个世界。”由此可见，作者想要告诉我们早点学习第二语言可以帮助其他学科的学习。结合选项可知，选项B正确。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$