精品解析：上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月摸底考试试卷

华东师大一附中 2024学年第一学期 高二年级 学业水平测试 英语试题 时间：1.5小时 分值：150分 I. 语法单句填空（20%=10*2%） Directions: Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. 1. Rooms ___________ (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空） 2. The taboos of one culture may be very different from __________ of another. （用适当的词填空） 3. __________ (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father. （所给词的适当形式填空） 4. With exams __________ (approach), it’s a good idea to review your class notes. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5. Several days ago, he __________(convince) that I was to blame for the accident. （所给词的适当形式填空） 6. The only thing __________ kept me going was that I loved what I did. （用适当的词填空） 7. Most of us are well aware __________ good technology can help companies achieve competitive advantage and long-term financial success. （用适当的词填空） 8. Appearance isn’t __________: in the long run, people will form their opinions about us based on how we behave, not on how we look. （用适当的词填空） 9. The poem, by the famous poet Yuan Mei, __________ (entitle) Moss (苔). The message goes like this: although it is tiny, seemingly insignificant and has worse conditions for growth, moss is able to grow and flourish just like the peony. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10. Traditional Miao clothing and jewellery are recognized worldwide __________ their high quality of craft skills and unique designs, which include hundreds of different styles. (用适当的词填空) II. 词汇（30%=10%+10%+10%） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A curing B. emergence C. emerged D. encountered E. extend F. expand G. existing H. highlights I. gratitude J. vehicle K. strengthen 11. It was her passionate commitment to __________ diseases that made the struggle worthwhile. 12. I have expressed the depth of my __________ to the person who has been instrumental in my success. 13. The board __________ strong opposition to its plan to reduce employees. 14. The last decade saw the __________ of a dynamic economy. 15. A new situation __________ in China’s economic and technical exchange and co-operation with other countries. 16. His visit is intended to __________ the ties between the two countries. 17. It was kind of you to __________ an invitation to us, a thoughtful gesture that demonstrated your graciousness and hospitality. 18. This facility is open to both new and __________ borrowers. 19. The play, with its complex characters and intricate plot, is an ideal __________ for her many talents, including her ability to portray a wide range of emotions and capture the audience’s attention with her commanding stage presence. 20. One of the __________ of the trip, in addition to trying all the delicious French cuisine, was seeing the Eiffel Tower, which is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. littered with B. coupled with C. honored with D. replaced with E. showered with F. partnered with G. in aid of H. in honor of I. in hopes of J. consists of K. consisting in 21. In 1953, Qi was ________ the title “People’s Artist” by the Chinese government. 22. Turn on TV, and you will be __________ news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and disrespecting one another. 23. Overuse of those drugs, when _________ poor diet, leads to physical disorder. 24. The warm-hearted woman donated her time to volunteer at the food bank _________ the homeless community. 25. This offer _________ a 20% discount on all products purchased from the online store, valid for the next week only, and a free shipping option for all orders over $50. 26. The city held a parade _________ the local heroes who saved lives during the recent natural disaster. 27. The beach was _________ trash, making it difficult to enjoy the scenery and harming the marine life. 28. Several companies are offering new, entry-level models _________ attracting more buyers. 29. The old, outdated computer system was _________ a new, more efficient one that improved the company’s productivity. 30. To date, the local charity organization has _________ a major corporation to raise funds for a new children’s hospital. C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. network B. specify C. traditionally D. ingredient E uneasy F. additional G. culturally H. block I determine J. requirement K. critical A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime. You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) ___31___difference. No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively ___32___ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them. Multiculturalism is a(an) ___33___ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the ___34___? For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to ___35___ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the ___36___ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough. Of course, it’s far more difficult to ___37___ candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it’s also a far more important ___38___ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City—the most ___39___ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was ____40____ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job. 三、单项选择（20%=10*2%） Directions: Read each sentence carefully and choose the best answer from the given options. Only one answer is correct for each question. 41. —Dad, I've finished my assignment. —Good，and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 42. .Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach .I so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 43. William Beebe, one of the first men________ the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of the book. A. exploring B. having explored C. to be explored D. to explore 44. It is best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. That can get you into trouble, especially in the United States, ________ people hold divided opinions. A. as B. because C. where D. which 45. The conventional wisdom is that a boy often ____________ more slowly than a girl. A. matures B. paces C. acquires D. composes 46. ________ is never ________ with the progress he has made will be a success. A. Whoever; content B. Who; identified C. Whoever; identified D. Who; content 47. ________, the boy was too frightened to go home. A. Having caught cheating in the exam B. Caught cheating in the exam C. Catching cheat in the exam D. To have been caught to cheat in the exam 48. Sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, _______ obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior. A. facilitates B. facilitating C. facilitate D. to facilitate 49. Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some ________ R&R (rest and relaxation) can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. A. much-needed B. well-informed C. time-honored D. self-defeating 50. They spent the next 29 days living off of limited supplies and by gathering rainwater with ___________ they could make use of to keep themselves alive. A. which B. what(ever) C. where D. whom 四、完形填空（15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Gone are the days when big businesses were looked upon by environmentalists as enemies in the fight against global warming. Just two weeks after U. S. President Donald Trump pulled his country out of the Paris Climate Agreement, more than 900 American firms put their ___51___to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations. Together, they promise to help reduce America’s carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025, ___52___the Paris Climate Agreement. ___53___, big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now. Alongside energy-efficiency measures, the strongest evidence of their ___54___has been the number of new wind and solar projects that they have been helping to build around the world. IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers (服务器). Some environmentalists now believe that big businesses could become strong ___55___behind the worldwide spread of renewable energy. “There used to be little action,” says Marty Spitzer of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), “Now, I see fundamental ___56___being made.” More recently, this enthusiasm for environmental protection has ___57___from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets. Take Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, for example. In March 2016, it said that it would require its own operations and those along its ___58___chain to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030. This is ___59___to taking 211 million passenger cars off America’s roads for a year. The announcement was ____60____by the WWF and other conservation organizations, which are helping Walmart’s suppliers work towards this goal. Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that seven of its biggest global manufacturers have promised to power their Apple-related ____61____with renewable energy by the end of this year. According to the WWF, in the United States alone, nearly two dozen of the biggest firms have committed themselves to becoming 100 percent renewable in the near future. Hervé Touati of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a clean-energy research firm, explains the ____62____behind this trend. Going green improves the companies’ public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors. Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world’s biggest brewer (啤酒公司), has lots of young people among its many ____63____. Many of them take environmental issues seriously. Electricity, used ____64____in the brewing process, amounts to a tenth of its total costs. Last year, the company set out to increase the role of renewables in generating ____65____to 100 percent by 2025. “My generation often takes energy and clean air for granted,” said Tony Milikin, the firm’s chief sustainability officer. “The generation coming up now looks at it totally differently.” 51. A. posters B. innovations C. names D. donations 52. A. for fear of B. by means of C. in line with D. on account of 53. A. In fact B. On average C. By contrast D. In addition 54. A. assessment B. commitment C. argument D. attachment 55. A. predictors B. features C. cases D. forces 56. A. changes B. profits C. mistakes D. differences 57. A. transferred B. ranged C. processed D. extended 58. A. food B. store C. supply D. data 59. A. opposite B. equivalent C. accustomed D. second 60. A. criticized B. issued C. welcomed D. underlined 61. A. content B. accounts C. activities D. production 62. A. inspirations B. motivations C. destinations D. functions 63. A. manufacturers B. investors C. customers D. administrators 64. A. considerably B. skillfully C. economically D. occasionally 65. A. heat B. wind C. water D. power 五、阅读理解（40%=10*4%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A United States government health officials are moving forward with a plan designed to keep electronic cigarettes out of the hands of young people. The plan would restrict sales of most flavored e-cigarettes at drug stores, gasoline stations and other businesses that sell them. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, first proposed the new rules last November. They are the latest government effort to fight what health officials call an epidemic (泛滥) of young people using the devices. Last week, the FDA announced that e-cigarette makers would need to restrict sales of most flavored products. Sales would be limited to stores that ask people for their age upon entry or have a separate, age-restricted area for vaping products or e-cigarettes. Companies would also be expected to use outside identity-confirmation technology for sales involving the internet. The FDA will also work to remove vaping products that clearly appeal to children. Companies that do not follow the new requirements risk having their products pulled from the U.S. market the FDA said. The restrictions will not include three flavors that the FDA says appeal more to adults than teenagers. Anti-smoking activists have questioned whether the new FDA restrictions will be enough to stop the rise in teenage vaping. The FDA has little power over how stores sell vaping products. Instead, critics say the agency is largely telling companies to self-police. Erika Sward is with the American Lung Association, which has called on the FDA to remove all flavored e-cigarettes from the market. Sward said the FDA’s decision to leave out three flavors is a mistake. Studies show those flavors are used by nearly half of teenagers who vape. The new rules are expected to heavily affect small businesses. Groups representing those stores have fought against the plan since it was first proposed last November. The restrictions are expected to have less of an effect on vape specialty shops. That is because many of them already require store workers to ask people for identity documents. 66. Why did FDA propose the new rules? A. To prevent teenagers vaping. B. To stop stores selling e-cigarettes. C. To reduce vape specialty shops. D. To limit the flavors of e-cigarettes. 67. According to the new rules, most flavored e-cigarettes are limited to stores that ________ . A. have a separate area for teenagers B. impose restrictions on maximum purchases C. follow age control requirements D. involve both offline and online sales 68. What is anti-smoking activists’ attitude towards the new rules? A. Optimistic. B. Suspicious. C. Curious. D. Uninterested. B Get help in emergencies big or small. With the fastest call response time, this completely mobile all-in-one medical alert needs no additional equipment or base station. You can go anywhere with it and reach our certified (有保证的) Urgent Response Agents anytime, day or night. And with low monthly plans, it’s one of the most affordable medical alert devices you can buy. Our all-in-one medical alert gets you help at the touch of a button. Enhanced GPS Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need. Two-way communication Clear, two-way voice communication makes it easy to speak with Urgent Response Agents, board-certified doctors and nurses. No base station The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device. It needs no additional equipment or base station, so you can take it anywhere. Waterproof The Lively Mobile Plus is waterproof, so you can even wear it in the shower, where most falls occur. Long-lasting battery With up to 80 hours of standby time, you can charge the Lively Mobile Plus when it’s convenient for you. Wear it many ways The Lively Mobile Plus is easy to wear wherever you go. Clip (别住) it on your belt, carry it in your purse or wear it around your neck on the Fall Detection Lanyard. Stay connected, safe and healthy at home or on the go with these Lively services. Get help in emergencies 24/7 from Urgent Response Agents. Just press the Urgent Response button and we’ll confirm your location, assess the situation, and get you the help you need. Speak to a doctor or nurse 24/7 from the comfort of your home. Board-certified doctors and registered nurses can answer your medical questions, order prescriptions (处方) for common medications and more. Keep loved ones updated on your health and safety. The Lively Link app helps you stay independent and reassures friends and family by sending an alert to their smartphones if you call Urgent Response. Your device automatically connects you to an Agent. With available Lively Fall Detection, we can send help even if you’re unable to press the button. Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package. $24.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response $29.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response Urgent Care Lively Link $39.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response Urgent Care Lively Link Fall Detection 69. Lively Mobile Plus mainly aims at providing _____. A. emergency medical help B. connection with loved people C. online safety consultation D. round-the-clock health management 70. Which of the following is one of the features of Lively Mobile Plus? A. It can locate the user precisely. B. It can prevent the user from falling. C. It can charge itself whenever necessary. D. It can connect the user to the appointed doctor. 71. If you want to buy a Lively Mobile Plus with the extra service of fall detection, you need to pay at least ________ for the first month. A. $29.99. B. $39.99. C. $64.98. D. $89.98. C Mattel is honoring frontline workers with Barbie dolls modeled on real-life doctors and nurses. Among them is a doll version of Amy O’Sullivan. She’s a nurse at the Wyckoff Heights Medical Center. That’s in Brooklyn, New York. O’Sullivan appeared on the cover of TIME last year. The doll has hand-painted tattoos, silver hair, and colorful socks like those O’Sullivan wears to work every day. O’Sullivan was touched by these details. “I used to get a hard time from the administrators about my tattoos and my hair and my pants being rolled up,” she says. “But I didn’t want to be like anyone else… I had no role models when I was growing up. This, I think, shows kids it’s okay to be different. It encourages them to be themselves.” There are five other dolls in the program. One is modeled on Dr. Audrey Sue Cruz, from Las Vegas, Nevada, who fights racial prejudice against Asian-American physicians. Another is for Dr. Chika Stacy Oriuwa, from Canada, who is fighting racism in the healthcare system. Next is Sarah Gilbert, a professor in the United Kingdom who helped develop a new medication. There’s a doll for Dr. Jaqueline Goés de Jesus, a researcher who led work around the COVID-19 variant in Brazil. And there is Dr. Kirby White, from Australia. She developed reusable personal protective equipment, or PPE, for doctors. Each woman was presented with her own one-of-a-kind doll. The honoring dolls are not for sale, but Mattel announced it will donate $5 for every doctor or nurse Barbie sold at Target Corporation. Mattel launched the campaign last year to give back to communities in need. “This fall, admittedly, we thought we would be further along in the pandemic,” Lisa McKnight says. She’s a senior vice president at Mattel and the global brand manager for Barbie. “But it is important to honor these amazing medical workers across the globe as we continue to face a difficult time.” 72. Which of the following is true of O’Sullivan? A. She loves dressing up as a doll. B. She had a hard time financially. C. She sees growing up differently as OK. D. She tried to cover up her hand-painted tattoos. 73. What do the five other dolls have in common? A. They are modeled on the medical workers from the same continent. B. They are designed in support of doctors striving for racial equality. C. They are manufactured to honor frontline workers with doctor degrees. D. They are presented to females who’ve contributed to the medical field. 74. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________. A Mattel is probably the name of a frontline medical worker B. China’s outstanding doctors may receive dolls modeled on them C. you can get the honoring dolls for free as long as you donate $5 D. communities in need have made a great contribution to the campaign 75. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. TIME’s Person of the Year B. Thank You Everyday Heroes C. Barbie dolls make a comeback D. Mattel Honors Frontline Workers 六、翻译（25%=5*5%） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 76. 你当时有没有想过，大家伙轮流爬上驴背之后会让自己蒙羞？（occur）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 77. 毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决。(remain) ________________ 78. 务必保管好密码，否则别人会获取你储存在电脑里的关键信息。（accessible）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 79. 这家新餐厅正在免费提供他们的招牌菜试吃，目的是帮助食客培养对他们独特料理的喜好。（trial, acquire) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 80. 要想发展科学，必须营造一种鼓励创新的环境，要允许自由探索，提倡学术争鸣。(advocate)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 华东师大一附中 2024学年第一学期 高二年级 学业水平测试 英语试题 时间：1.5小时 分值：150分 I. 语法单句填空（20%=10*2%） Directions: Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. 1. Rooms ___________ (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】varying 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同大小的房间都配有吹风机、电视和电话。vary和Rooms之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填varying。 2. The taboos of one culture may be very different from __________ of another. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】those 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：一种文化中的禁忌可能与另一种文化中的禁忌大不相同。分析句子结构可知，设空处指代上文的taboos，需用those来替代，表特指，表示“those taboos”，即“那些禁忌”。故填those。 3. __________ (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Devoted 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全身心地投入到家庭生活中，一直一个好丈夫和好父亲。be deveoted to“专心于”，此处使用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Devoted。 4. With exams __________ (approach), it’s a good idea to review your class notes. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】approaching 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着考试的临近，复习课堂笔记是个好主意。分析句子结构，本句中包含with复合结构，空白处在句子中做宾补，因与其逻辑主语exams之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填approaching。 5. Several days ago, he __________(convince) that I was to blame for the accident. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was convinced 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和形容词。句意：几天前，他确信我应该为这次事故负责。be convinced“确信”，结合时间状语“Several days ago”可知应用一般过去时，主语he表示单数意义，故填was convinced。 6. The only thing __________ kept me going was that I loved what I did. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一让我坚持下去的是我热爱我所做的事情。空处引导定语从句，先行词是thing，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有only修饰，使用that引导，故填that。 7. Most of us are well aware __________ good technology can help companies achieve competitive advantage and long-term financial success. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们大多数人都清楚地知道，良好的技术可以帮助企业获得竞争优势和长期的财务成功。分析句子结构可知，are aware后缺少宾语，此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。 8. Appearance isn’t __________: in the long run, people will form their opinions about us based on how we behave, not on how we look. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】everything 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：外表不是一切：从长远来看，人们会根据我们的行为而不是我们的外表来形成对我们的看法。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词，名词或者代词作表语，根据句意，此处表达“外表不是一切”之意，用代词everything。故填everything。 9. The poem, by the famous poet Yuan Mei, __________ (entitle) Moss (苔). The message goes like this: although it is tiny, seemingly insignificant and has worse conditions for growth, moss is able to grow and flourish just like the peony. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is entitled 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这首诗是著名诗人袁枚写的，名叫《苔》。它传递的信息是这样的：尽管苔藓很小，看起来微不足道，生长条件也很差，但它却能像牡丹一样茁壮成长。entitle作本句谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，和主语The poem之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is entitled。 10. Traditional Miao clothing and jewellery are recognized worldwide __________ their high quality of craft skills and unique designs, which include hundreds of different styles. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：苗族传统服饰和珠宝因其高质量的工艺技能和独特的设计而享誉世界，其中包括数百种不同的风格。根据空前“are recognized”和空后“their high quality of craft skills and unique designs”可知，此处是固定搭配：be recognized for“因……而被认可”。故填for。 II. 词汇（30%=10%+10%+10%） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. curing B. emergence C. emerged D. encountered E. extend F. expand G. existing H. highlights I. gratitude J. vehicle K. strengthen 11. It was her passionate commitment to __________ diseases that made the struggle worthwhile. 12. I have expressed the depth of my __________ to the person who has been instrumental in my success. 13. The board __________ strong opposition to its plan to reduce employees. 14. The last decade saw the __________ of a dynamic economy. 15. A new situation __________ in China’s economic and technical exchange and co-operation with other countries. 16. His visit is intended to __________ the ties between the two countries. 17. It was kind of you to __________ an invitation to us, a thoughtful gesture that demonstrated your graciousness and hospitality. 18. This facility is open to both new and __________ borrowers. 19. The play, with its complex characters and intricate plot, is an ideal __________ for her many talents, including her ability to portray a wide range of emotions and capture the audience’s attention with her commanding stage presence. 20. One of the __________ of the trip, in addition to trying all the delicious French cuisine, was seeing the Eiffel Tower, which is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. 【答案】11. A 12. I 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. K 17. E 18. G 19. J 20. H 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：正是她对治愈疾病的热情承诺，使这场斗争变得值得。结合句意及空后的“diseases”可知，此处指“治愈疾病”，且to是介词，空处使用动名词作宾语，curing“治愈”符合题意，故选A。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：我对帮助我取得成功的人表达了深深的感激之情。空处应填名词作of的宾语，结合“the person who has been instrumental in my success”可知，此处指“感激”，gratitude“感激”，名词，故选I。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：董事会裁员计划遭到强烈反对。空处是谓语动词，结合“strong opposition”可知，此处指“遭到反对”，encountered“遭遇，遇到”，动词，故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：过去十年见证了一个充满活力的经济的出现。空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“过去十年见证了一个充满活力的经济的出现”，emergence“出现”，名词，故选B。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国同世界各国的经济技术交流与合作出现了新局面。空处是谓语动词，结合句意可知，emerged“出现”，动词，符合题意，故选C。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的访问旨在加强两国之间的关系。空处位于不定式符号后，应填动词原形，结合“the ties between the two countries”可知，此处指“加强两国之间的关系”，strengthen“加强”，动词，故选K。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：你向我们发出邀请真是太好了，这一周到的举动显示了你的亲切和好客。空处位于不定式符号后，应填动词原形，根据“an invitation to us”，此处指“发出邀请”，extend an invitation“发出邀请”，固定短语，故选E。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这项贷款对新的和现有的借款人都开放。空处和new并列，应填形容词作定语，修饰名词borrowers，结合句意可知，此处指“新的和现有的借款人”，existing“现有的”，形容词，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这部角色复杂、情节复杂的戏剧，是展现她众多才华的理想载体，包括她能够描绘各种各样的情感，并以她指挥的舞台表现力吸引观众的注意力。空处应填名词单数作表语，结合句意可知，vehicle“手段，工具”，名词，符合题意，故选J。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了品尝所有美味的法国美食外，这次旅行的亮点之一是参观埃菲尔铁塔，这是世界上最具标志性的地标之一。空处位于one of后，应填名词复数，结合句意可知，highlights“最精彩的部分”，名词，符合题意，故选H。 B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. littered with B. coupled with C. honored with D. replaced with E. showered with F. partnered with G. in aid of H. in honor of I. in hopes of J. consists of K. consisting in 21. In 1953, Qi was ________ the title “People’s Artist” by the Chinese government. 22. Turn on TV, and you will be __________ news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and disrespecting one another. 23. Overuse of those drugs when _________ poor diet, leads to physical disorder. 24. The warm-hearted woman donated her time to volunteer at the food bank _________ the homeless community. 25. This offer _________ a 20% discount on all products purchased from the online store, valid for the next week only, and a free shipping option for all orders over $50. 26. The city held a parade _________ the local heroes who saved lives during the recent natural disaster. 27. The beach was _________ trash, making it difficult to enjoy the scenery and harming the marine life. 28. Several companies are offering new, entry-level models _________ attracting more buyers. 29. The old, outdated computer system was _________ a new, more efficient one that improved the company’s productivity. 30. To date, the local charity organization has _________ a major corporation to raise funds for a new children’s hospital. 【答案】21. C 22. E 23. B 24. G 25. J 26. H 27. A 28. I 29. D 30. F 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：1953年被中国政府授予“人民艺术家”称号。根据“the title ‘People’s Artist’”可知，此处指“授予‘人民艺术家’称号”，(be) honored with“被授予”，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：打开电视，你会看到铺天盖地的新闻和真人秀节目，充斥着人们相互争斗、竞争和不尊重。结合“full of people fighting, competing, and disrespecting one another”可知，此处指“你会看到铺天盖地的新闻和真人秀节目”，be showered with“大量地给予”，符合题意，故选E。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：过度使用这些药物，再加上不良的饮食习惯，会导致身体紊乱。结合“leads to physical disorder”可知，此处指“再加上不良的饮食习惯”，(be)  coupled with“结合，与……联合”，符合题意，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：这位热心的妇女奉献了自己的时间在食品银行做志愿者，帮助无家可归的社区。根据“The warm-hearted woman donated her time to volunteer”可知，此处指“帮助无家可归的社区”，in aid of“为帮助”，故选G。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：此优惠包括从网上商店购买的所有产品的20%折扣，仅在下周有效，以及所有订单超过50美元的免费送货选项。结合“This offer”以及宾语“a 20% discount”可知，此处指“此优惠包括20%折扣”，consistsof“包括”。符合题意，陈述事实，为一般现在时。故选J。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：这个城市举行了一次游行，以纪念在最近的自然灾害中拯救生命的当地英雄。结合“the local heroes”可知，此处指“以纪念当地英雄”，in honor of“为纪念”，符合题意，故选H。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：海滩上到处都是垃圾，很难欣赏风景，也伤害了海洋生物。根据“making it difficult to enjoy the scenery and harming the marine life”可知，此处指“被乱扔垃圾”，be littered with“乱扔”，符合题意，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：几家公司正在推出新的入门级车型，希望能吸引更多的买家。结合“new, entry-level models”以及“attracting more buyers”可知，此处指“希望能吸引更多的买家”，in hopes of“希望”，符合题意，故选I。 29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：旧的、过时的计算机系统被新的、更高效的、提高了公司生产力的计算机系统所取代。结合“The old, outdated computer system”以及“a new, more efficient one”可知，此处指“旧的、过时的计算机系统被新的、更高效的、提高了公司生产力的计算机系统所取代”，be replaced with“被……取代”，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：到目前为止，当地的慈善组织已与一家大公司合作，为一所新的儿童医院筹集资金。结合“to raise funds for a new children’s hospital”可知，此处指“当地的慈善组织已与一家大公司合作”，partner with“合作”，符合题意，本句为现在完成时。故选F。 C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. network B. specify C. traditionally D. ingredient E. uneasy F. additional G. culturally H. block I. determine J. requirement K. critical A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime. You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) ___31___difference. No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively ___32___ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them. Multiculturalism is a(an) ___33___ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the ___34___? For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to ___35___ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the ___36___ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough. Of course, it’s far more difficult to ___37___ candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it’s also a far more important ___38___ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City—the most ___39___ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was ____40____ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job. 【答案】31. K 32. H 33. J 34. A 35. B 36. F 37. I 38. D 39. G 40. E 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了多元文化及其对工作的影响。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一个关键的区别。修饰名词difference用形容词，根据“A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it.”可知此处表示“关键的”，故填K。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：外国人一下子就感受到了单一文化的傲慢，并设置了自己的文化壁垒，这可能会有效地阻止单一文化者试图激励他们。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers,”可知此处表示“阻止”，故填H。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：多元文化是招聘经理在担任国际职位时常常被忽视的一项要求。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词作表语，根据“that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions.”可知此处表示“要求”，故填J。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：你有合适的员工来建立关系网吗？此处缺少名词作动词短语build up的宾语，根据“Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers”可知此处指“网络、关系网”，故填A。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：当客户要求我们为一个新的泛欧销售或管理职位找到合适的人选时，我首先要求他们详细说明他们理想的候选人应该具备的资格。ask sb to sth表示“要求某人做某事”，此处需要填动词原形，根据“the qualifications their ideal candidate would have.”可知此处表示“详细说明”，故填B。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大多数情况下，他们列出的素质与国内职位的要求相同，但另外要求新任经理英语、德语和法语流利，足以应付传真和电子邮件。修饰名词requirement用形容词，根据“Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the”可知此处指“额外的”，故填F。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：当然，确定候选人的多元文化比检查他们的语言技能要困难得多，但这也是成功的一个重要因素。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills”可知此处表示“确定”，故填I。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处缺少名词作表语，an ingredient to表示“通往……的一个要素”，故填D。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：他学过西班牙语，在纽约长大，那里是美国最具文化多样性的地方。修饰形容词diverse用副词，本文主要讨论的就是多元文化，因此此处表示“文化上”，故填G。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但当我采访他时，他竟然没有意识到墨西哥人在他们的文化中所表现出的巨大自豪感，而且他对墨西哥餐馆和市场肮脏和不安全感到不安。此处缺少形容词作表语，根据“about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe.”可知此处表示“不安的”，故填E。 三、单项选择（20%=10*2%） Directions: Read each sentence carefully and choose the best answer from the given options. Only one answer is correct for each question. 41. —Dad, I've finished my assignment. —Good，and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：——爸爸，我已经完成作业了。——很好，不管你玩还是看电视，你都不可以打扰我。A. whenever无论什么时候；B. whether是否；C. whatever无论什么；D. no matter不管。whether...or...要么……要么……为固定句型。故选B。 42. .Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach .I so much fried chicken just now. A shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我胃不舒服，刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。由just now可知，本题谈论过去发生的事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。故选C. 【点睛】情态动词+have done的用法 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 43. William Beebe, one of the first men________ the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of the book. A. exploring B. having explored C. to be explored D. to explore 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：威廉·毕比(William Beebe)是最早乘坐深海探测仪探索海洋深处的人之一，正是因为这本书，他对海洋学产生了兴趣。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，通常用动词不定式作后置定语，且本句中，men与explore为主动关系。故选D项。 44. It is best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. That can get you into trouble, especially in the United States, ________ people hold divided opinions. A. as B. because C. where D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最好不要和你的商业朋友谈论政治或宗教。这可能会给你带来麻烦，尤其是在人们意见分歧的美国。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是United States，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故选C。 45. The conventional wisdom is that a boy often ____________ more slowly than a girl. A. matures B. paces C. acquires D. composes 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：传统观念认为男孩往往比女孩成熟得晚。A. matures成熟；B. paces来回踱步；C. acquires获得；D. composes组成。根据后文“more slowly than a girl”以及选项可知，此处应是“男孩往往比女孩成熟得晚”符合语境。故选A项。 46. ________ is never ________ with the progress he has made will be a success. A. Whoever; content B. Who; identified C. Whoever; identified D. Who; content 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和形容词词义辨析。句意：凡是从不满足于自己所取得的进步的人都会成功。whoever引导名词性从句时意为“……的任何人”，who引导名词性从句时意为“谁”。根据句意并分析句子结构，第一个空引导主语从句，并表示“任何从不满足已取得的进步的人”，所以应用whoever引导。content意为“满意的”，be content with意为“对……满意”；identify意为“认为……(与……)有关联”，be identified with意为“与……有密切关联”。根据句意，这里表示“不满足于自己所取得的进步”，应用形容词content。故选A。 47. ________, the boy was too frightened to go home. A. Having caught cheating in the exam B. Caught cheating in the exam C. Catching cheat in the exam D. To have been caught to cheat in the exam 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个男孩考试作弊被抓住了，吓得不敢回家。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，作句子的状语，句中含有固定短语catch sb. doing sth.，意为“当场抓住某人做某事，撞见某人正在做某事”，可排除C和D项，catch和逻辑主语the boy之间是动宾关系，且结合句意可知，应用catch的过去分词形式caught表被动。故选B。 48. Sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, _______ obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior. A. facilitates B. facilitating C. facilitate D. to facilitate 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：睡眠通过重组新的记忆表征，有助于获得富有表现力的知识和富有洞察力的行为。本句缺少谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Sleep为第三人称单数。故选A项。 49. Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some ________ R&R (rest and relaxation) can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. A. much-needed B. well-informed C. time-honored D. self-defeating 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都喜欢假期！抽出一点时间来做一些急需的休息和放松可以让你重新振作起来。A. much-needed急需的；B. well-informed消息灵通的；C. time-honored历史悠久的；D. self-defeating适得其反的。结合“A little time off”可知，此处指抽出一点时间来做一些急需的休息和放松，故选A。 50 They spent the next 29 days living off of limited supplies and by gathering rainwater with ___________ they could make use of to keep themselves alive. A. which B. what(ever) C. where D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在接下来的29天里，他们依靠有限的补给和收集雨水来维持生命。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what或者whatever引导。故选B项。 四、完形填空（15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Gone are the days when big businesses were looked upon by environmentalists as enemies in the fight against global warming. Just two weeks after U. S. President Donald Trump pulled his country out of the Paris Climate Agreement, more than 900 American firms put their ___51___to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations. Together, they promise to help reduce America’s carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025, ___52___the Paris Climate Agreement. ___53___, big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now. Alongside energy-efficiency measures, the strongest evidence of their ___54___has been the number of new wind and solar projects that they have been helping to build around the world. IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers (服务器). Some environmentalists now believe that big businesses could become strong ___55___behind the worldwide spread of renewable energy. “There used to be little action,” says Marty Spitzer of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), “Now, I see fundamental ___56___being made.” More recently, this enthusiasm for environmental protection has ___57___from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets. Take Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, for example. In March 2016, it said that it would require its own operations and those along its ___58___chain to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030. This is ___59___to taking 211 million passenger cars off America’s roads for a year. The announcement was ____60____by the WWF and other conservation organizations, which are helping Walmart’s suppliers work towards this goal. Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that seven of its biggest global manufacturers have promised to power their Apple-related ____61____with renewable energy by the end of this year. According to the WWF, in the United States alone, nearly two dozen of the biggest firms have committed themselves to becoming 100 percent renewable in the near future. Hervé Touati of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a clean-energy research firm, explains the ____62____behind this trend. Going green improves the companies’ public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors. Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world’s biggest brewer (啤酒公司), has lots of young people among its many ____63____. Many of them take environmental issues seriously. Electricity, used ____64____in the brewing process, amounts to a tenth of its total costs. Last year, the company set out to increase the role of renewables in generating ____65____to 100 percent by 2025. “My generation often takes energy and clean air for granted,” said Tony Milikin, the firm’s chief sustainability officer. “The generation coming up now looks at it totally differently.” 51. A. posters B. innovations C. names D. donations 52. A. for fear of B. by means of C. in line with D. on account of 53. A. In fact B. On average C. By contrast D. In addition 54. A. assessment B. commitment C. argument D. attachment 55. A. predictors B. features C. cases D. forces 56. A. changes B. profits C. mistakes D. differences 57. A. transferred B. ranged C. processed D. extended 58. A. food B. store C. supply D. data 59. A. opposite B. equivalent C. accustomed D. second 60. A. criticized B. issued C. welcomed D. underlined 61. A. content B. accounts C. activities D. production 62. A. inspirations B. motivations C. destinations D. functions 63. A. manufacturers B. investors C. customers D. administrators 64. A. considerably B. skillfully C. economically D. occasionally 65. A. heat B. wind C. water D. power 【答案】51. C 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. C 61. D 62. B 63. C 64. A 65. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了现在许多大企业转变了角色，发生了根本性的变化。由从前加速全球变暖，到现在采用节能和可再生能源等措施改善环境，认真对待气候变化的问题。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普退出巴黎气候协议两周后，900多家美国公司向联合国签名和提交了一封题为“我们还在”的公开信。A. posters海报；B. innovations创新；C. names名字；D. donations捐赠。根据“to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations”可知900多家美国公司签名了“我们还在”这封公开信。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他们共同承诺到2025年帮助美国减少26%的碳排放，符合《巴黎气候协定》。A. for fear of为了避免，以免；B. by means of借助于，依靠；C. in line with符合，与......一致；D. on account of由于，因为。根据“the Paris Climate Agreement”可知他们的共同承诺符合《巴黎气候协定》。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，大企业多年来一直在认真对待气候变化问题。A. In fact事实上；B. On average平均，通常；C. By contrast对比，相比之下；D. In addition另外，此外。根据“big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now”可知是一个事实。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了节能措施之外，他们在世界各地帮助建设的新风能和太阳能项目的数量，也是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。A. assessment评价，鉴定；B. commitment承诺，保证；C. argument争吵，论据；D. attachment附件，依恋。根据上文“Together, they promise to help reduce America’s carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025”可知是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。故选B。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些环保人士现在认为，大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。A. predictors预报器；B. features特征，产品特点；C. cases情况，案例；D. forces力量，势力。根据上文“IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers (服务器).”可知大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。故选D。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界野生动物基金会的马蒂•斯皮策(Marty Spitzer)说：“过去几乎没有什么行动，但现在，我看到了根本性的变化。”A. changes变化，改变；B. profits收益；C. mistakes错误；D. differences差异，偏差。根据“There used to be little action”和“Now”可知现在他看到了根本性的变化。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。A. transferred转移；B. ranged变化，包括；C. processed加工，审核；D. extended延长，扩充。根据“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets”可知这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。故选D。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年3月，该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。A. food食物；B. store商店；C. supply供应；D. data数据。根据上文“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers”可知该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。故选C。 【59题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。A. opposite对立的，相反的；B. equivalent相等的，等价的；C. accustomed习惯的；D. second第二的。根据“to taking 211 million passenger cars off America’s roads for a year”和上文“to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030”可知这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。短语be equivalent to“等（同）于，相等（当）于......”。故选B。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎，它们正在帮助沃尔玛的供应商实现这一目标。A. criticized批评；B. issued发布；C. welcomed欢迎；D. underlined在......下划线，强调。根据“which are helping Walmart’s suppliers work towards this goal”可知该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎。故选C。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：iPhone制造商苹果(Apple)表示，其全球最大的七家制造商已承诺在今年年底前，用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。A. content内容；B. accounts账目，账号；C. activities活动；D. production产品，成果。根据“Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that…”可知用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。故选D。 【62题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hervé Touati来自清洁能源研究公司落基山研究所，他解释了这种趋势背后的动机。A. inspirations启示，灵感；B. motivations动机；C. destinations目的地，终点；D. functions功能。根据“explains”和下文“Going green improves the companies’ public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors.”可知Hervé Touati解释了这种趋势背后的动机。故选B。 【63题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上最大的啤酒酿造商百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。A. manufacturers制造商；B. investors投资者；C. customers顾客，客户；D. administrators管理员。根据“has lots of young people”可知百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。故选C。 【64题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大，占总成本的十分之一。A. considerably相当地，非常；B. skillfully巧妙地；C. economically经济地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据“amounts to a tenth of its total costs”可知在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大。故选A。 【65题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。A. heat高温，压力，热烈；B. wind风；C. water水；D. power力量，能力。根据上文“Electricity, used 　　14　in the brewing process”可知去年该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。故选D。 五、阅读理解（40%=10*4%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A United States government health officials are moving forward with a plan designed to keep electronic cigarettes out of the hands of young people. The plan would restrict sales of most flavored e-cigarettes at drug stores, gasoline stations and other businesses that sell them. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, first proposed the new rules last November. They are the latest government effort to fight what health officials call an epidemic (泛滥) of young people using the devices. Last week, the FDA announced that e-cigarette makers would need to restrict sales of most flavored products. Sales would be limited to stores that ask people for their age upon entry or have a separate, age-restricted area for vaping products or e-cigarettes. Companies would also be expected to use outside identity-confirmation technology for sales involving the internet. The FDA will also work to remove vaping products that clearly appeal to children. Companies that do not follow the new requirements risk having their products pulled from the U.S. market, the FDA said. The restrictions will not include three flavors that the FDA says appeal more to adults than teenagers. Anti-smoking activists have questioned whether the new FDA restrictions will be enough to stop the rise in teenage vaping. The FDA has little power over how stores sell vaping products. Instead, critics say the agency is largely telling companies to self-police. Erika Sward is with the American Lung Association, which has called on the FDA to remove all flavored e-cigarettes from the market. Sward said the FDA’s decision to leave out three flavors is a mistake. Studies show those flavors are used by nearly half of teenagers who vape. The new rules are expected to heavily affect small businesses. Groups representing those stores have fought against the plan since it was first proposed last November. The restrictions are expected to have less of an effect on vape specialty shops. That is because many of them already require store workers to ask people for identity documents. 66. Why did FDA propose the new rules? A. To prevent teenagers vaping. B. To stop stores selling e-cigarettes. C. To reduce vape specialty shops. D. To limit the flavors of e-cigarettes. 67. According to the new rules, most flavored e-cigarettes are limited to stores that ________ . A. have a separate area for teenagers B. impose restrictions on maximum purchases C. follow age control requirements D. involve both offline and online sales 68. What is anti-smoking activists’ attitude towards the new rules? A. Optimistic. B. Suspicious. C. Curious. D. Uninterested. 【答案】66. A 67. C 68. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了美国政府为限制青少年使用电子烟所采取的一系列措施，包括限制调味电子烟的销售渠道、要求企业使用身份验证技术以及对违规企业的处罚等。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“United States government health officials are moving forward with a plan designed to keep electronic cigarettes out of the hands of young people. The plan would restrict sales of most flavored e-cigarettes at drug stores, gasoline stations and other businesses that sell them.(美国政府卫生官员正在推进一项旨在让年轻人远离电子烟的计划。该计划将限制大多数口味的电子烟在药店、加油站和其他销售电子烟的商家的销售)”以及第二段“The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, first proposed the new rules last November. They are the latest government effort to fight what health officials call an epidemic (泛滥) of young people using the devices.(美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)去年11月首次提出了新规定。这是政府对抗卫生官员所说的年轻人使用电子设备泛滥的最新努力)”可知，FDA为了防止青少年吸电子烟提出新规定。故选A项。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Last week, the FDA announced that e-cigarette makers would need to restrict sales of most flavored products. Sales would be limited to stores that ask people for their age upon entry or have a separate, age-restricted area for vaping products or e-cigarettes.(上周，美国食品和药物管理局宣布，电子烟制造商需要限制大多数调味产品的销售。销售将仅限于在进入时询问人们年龄的商店，或者有单独的年龄限制区域出售电子烟产品或电子烟)”可知，根据新规定，大多数调味电子烟只能在符合年龄控制要求的商店出售。故选C项。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Anti-smoking activists have questioned whether the new FDA restrictions will be enough to stop the rise in teenage vaping. The FDA has little power over how stores sell vaping products. Instead, critics say the agency is largely telling companies to self-police.(反吸烟活动人士质疑FDA的新限制是否足以阻止青少年吸电子烟的增长。FDA对商店如何销售电子烟产品几乎没有权力。相反，批评人士说，该机构在很大程度上是在告诉公司自我监管)”可知，反吸烟活动人士对新规定的态度是质疑的。故选B项。 B Get help in emergencies big or small. With the fastest call response time, this completely mobile all-in-one medical alert needs no additional equipment or base station. You can go anywhere with it and reach our certified (有保证的) Urgent Response Agents anytime, day or night. And with low monthly plans, it’s one of the most affordable medical alert devices you can buy. Our all-in-one medical alert gets you help at the touch of a button. Enhanced GPS Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need. Two-way communication Clear, two-way voice communication makes it easy to speak with Urgent Response Agents, board-certified doctors and nurses. No base station The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device. It needs no additional equipment or base station, so you can take it anywhere. Waterproof The Lively Mobile Plus is waterproof, so you can even wear it in the shower, where most falls occur. Long-lasting battery With up to 80 hours of standby time, you can charge the Lively Mobile Plus when it’s convenient for you. Wear it many ways The Lively Mobile Plus is easy to wear wherever you go. Clip (别住) it on your belt, carry it in your purse or wear it around your neck on the Fall Detection Lanyard. Stay connected, safe and healthy at home or on the go with these Lively services. Get help in emergencies 24/7 from Urgent Response Agents. Just press the Urgent Response button and we’ll confirm your location, assess the situation, and get you the help you need. Speak to a doctor or nurse 24/7 from the comfort of your home. Board-certified doctors and registered nurses can answer your medical questions, order prescriptions (处方) for common medications and more. Keep loved ones updated on your health and safety. The Lively Link app helps you stay independent and reassures friends and family by sending an alert to their smartphones if you call Urgent Response. Your device automatically connects you to an Agent. With available Lively Fall Detection, we can send help even if you’re unable to press the button. Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package. $24.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response $29.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response Urgent Care Lively Link $39.99/MO. Services Included Urgent Response Urgent Care Lively Link Fall Detection 69. Lively Mobile Plus mainly aims at providing _____. A. emergency medical help B. connection with loved people C. online safety consultation D. round-the-clock health management 70. Which of the following is one of the features of Lively Mobile Plus? A. It can locate the user precisely. B. It can prevent the user from falling. C. It can charge itself whenever necessary. D. It can connect the user to the appointed doctor. 71. If you want to buy a Lively Mobile Plus with the extra service of fall detection, you need to pay at least ________ for the first month. A. $29.99. B. $39.99. C. $64.98. D. $89.98. 【答案】69. A 70. A 71. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推广Lively Mobile Plus一种可移动的一体化医疗警报器。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格开头部分“Get help in emergencies big or small.（在大大小小的紧急情况下寻求帮助）”以及表格中No base部分中“The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device.（Lively Mobile Plus是一款真正的移动医疗设备）”可知Lively Mobile Plus主要致力于提供紧急医疗帮助。故选A项。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中Enhanced GPS部分中“Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need.（Lively Mobile Plus增强了GPS的准确性，所以代理商可以快速确认您的精确位置，并得到您需要的帮助）”可知Lively Mobile Plus的功能之一是它可以精确地定位用户。故选A项。 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package.（用活泼的健康与安全套装添加适合您的服务）”中的Ultimate Package部分可知增加带有额外跌倒检测服务需支付$39.99，再加上机器本身的价格$49.99，所以一共需支付$89.98。故选D项。 C Mattel is honoring frontline workers with Barbie dolls modeled on real-life doctors and nurses. Among them is a doll version of Amy O’Sullivan. She’s a nurse at the Wyckoff Heights Medical Center. That’s in Brooklyn, New York. O’Sullivan appeared on the cover of TIME last year. The doll has hand-painted tattoos, silver hair, and colorful socks like those O’Sullivan wears to work every day. O’Sullivan was touched by these details. “I used to get a hard time from the administrators about my tattoos and my hair and my pants being rolled up,” she says. “But I didn’t want to be like anyone else… I had no role models when I was growing up. This, I think, shows kids it’s okay to be different. It encourages them to be themselves.” There are five other dolls in the program. One is modeled on Dr. Audrey Sue Cruz, from Las Vegas, Nevada, who fights racial prejudice against Asian-American physicians. Another is for Dr. Chika Stacy Oriuwa, from Canada, who is fighting racism in the healthcare system. Next is Sarah Gilbert, a professor in the United Kingdom who helped develop a new medication. There’s a doll for Dr. Jaqueline Goés de Jesus, a researcher who led work around the COVID-19 variant in Brazil. And there is Dr. Kirby White, from Australia. She developed reusable personal protective equipment, or PPE, for doctors. Each woman was presented with her own one-of-a-kind doll. The honoring dolls are not for sale, but Mattel announced it will donate $5 for every doctor or nurse Barbie sold at Target Corporation. Mattel launched the campaign last year to give back to communities in need. “This fall, admittedly, we thought we would be further along in the pandemic,” Lisa McKnight says. She’s a senior vice president at Mattel and the global brand manager for Barbie. “But it is important to honor these amazing medical workers across the globe as we continue to face a difficult time.” 72. Which of the following is true of O’Sullivan? A. She loves dressing up as a doll. B. She had a hard time financially. C. She sees growing up differently as OK. D. She tried to cover up her hand-painted tattoos. 73. What do the five other dolls have in common? A. They are modeled on the medical workers from the same continent. B. They are designed in support of doctors striving for racial equality. C. They are manufactured to honor frontline workers with doctor degrees. D. They are presented to females who’ve contributed to the medical field. 74. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________. A. Mattel is probably the name of a frontline medical worker B. China’s outstanding doctors may receive dolls modeled on them C. you can get the honoring dolls for free as long as you donate $5 D. communities in need have made a great contribution to the campaign 75. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. TIME’s Person of the Year B. Thank You Everyday Heroes C. Barbie dolls make a comeback D. Mattel Honors Frontline Workers 【答案】72. C 73. D 74. B 75. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。美泰公司以现实生活中的医生和护士为原型，用芭比娃娃来纪念一线工作人员。文章介绍了工作人员收到娃娃时的感受和对这一做法的看法。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But I didn’t want to be like anyone else… I had no role models when I was growing up. This, I think, shows kids it’s okay to be different. It encourages them to be themselves.(但我不想和其他人一样……在我成长的过程中，我没有榜样。我认为，这告诉孩子们，与众不同是可以的。这鼓励他们做自己)”可知，C选项“她以不同的方式看待成长”正确。故选C。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“There are five other dolls in the program. One is modeled on Dr. Audrey Sue Cruz, from Las Vegas, Nevada, who fights racial prejudice against Asian-American physicians. Another is for Dr. Chika Stacy Oriuwa, from Canada, who is fighting racism in the healthcare system. Next is Sarah Gilbert, a professor in the United Kingdom who helped develop a new medication. There’s a doll for Dr. Jaqueline Goés de Jesus, a researcher who led work around the COVID-19 variant in Brazil. And there is Dr. Kirby White, from Australia. She developed reusable personal protective equipment, or PPE, for doctors.(该计划中还有五个娃娃。一个是以来自内华达州拉斯维加斯的奥黛丽-苏-克鲁兹医生为模型，她与针对亚裔美国医生的种族偏见作斗争。另一个是来自加拿大的奇卡-斯泰西-奥瑞瓦医生，她正在与医疗保健系统中的种族主义作斗争。接下来是萨拉-吉尔伯特，她是英国的一位教授，帮助开发了一种新的药物。还有一个娃娃是贾奎琳-戈埃斯-德-热苏斯博士，她是一位在巴西领导围绕COVID-19变体工作的研究人员。还有来自澳大利亚的柯比-怀特博士。她为医生开发了可重复使用的个人防护设备，即PPE)”可知，其他五个娃娃的共同点是它们被提供给对医学领域有贡献的女性。故选D。 【74题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Each woman was presented with her own one-of-a-kind doll. The honoring dolls are not for sale, but Mattel announced it will donate $5 for every doctor or nurse Barbie sold at Target Corporation. Mattel launched the campaign last year to give back to communities in need.(每位女士都得到了独一无二的洋娃娃。这些纪念芭比娃娃并不出售，但美泰公司宣布，在塔吉特公司每卖出一个医生或护士芭比娃娃，就会捐赠5美元。美泰去年发起了这项活动，以回馈有需要的社区)”以及“But it is important to honor these amazing medical workers across the globe as we continue to face a difficult time.(但在我们继续面临困难的时候，向全球这些了不起的医务工作者致敬很重要)”可推知，中国的优秀医生可能会收到以他们为原型的玩偶。故选B。 【75题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Mattel is honoring frontline workers with Barbie dolls modeled on real-life doctors and nurses. Among them is a doll version of Amy O’Sullivan.(美泰公司以现实生活中的医生和护士为原型，用芭比娃娃来纪念一线工作人员)”结合文章介绍了工作人员收到娃娃时的感受和对这一做法的看法。可知，D选项“美泰致敬一线工作者”最符合文章标题。故选D。 六、翻译（25%=5*5%） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 76. 你当时有没有想过，大家伙轮流爬上驴背之后会让自己蒙羞？（occur）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Didn’t/ Did it occur to you at that time that after you guys/ everyone took turns climbing up the back of the donkey, people/ you would be humiliated/ shamed/ dishonored? 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语，宾语从句和状语从句。根据所给中文句子，可知本句是疑问句，根据句意，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，既可以用did提问也可以用didn’t提问，“你想过”根据题干要求需用occur。此处用固定句型：it occur to sb that....，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语；“当时”为时间状语，译为“at that time”，“大家伙轮流爬上驴背之后会让自己蒙羞”可用that引导的主语从句，其中包含一个时间状语从句，“大家伙轮流爬上驴背之后”，为after引导的时间状语从句，“大家”作主语，译为“you guys”或者“everyone”，“轮流”作谓语，译为“took turns”，“爬上驴背”译为“climbing up the back of the donkey”，“会让自己蒙羞”为宾语从句，主语为“人们”或者“你们”，译为“people”或者“you”，“会蒙羞”作谓语，译为“would be humiliated”或者“would be shamed”或者“would be dishonored”。故译为：Didn’t/ Did it occur to you at that time that after you guys/ everyone took turns climbing up the back of the donkey, people/ you would be humiliated/ shamed/ dishonored? 77. 毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决。(remain) ________________ 【答案】Without doubt, a number of problems remain to be solved before the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。without doubt表示“毫无疑问”，“很多问题”是a number of problems，作主语；remain to be done表示“有待于……”，作谓语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“解决”是solve，和主语problems之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式；“在……之前”用介词before；“无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用”可表达为the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles。故翻译为：Without doubt, a number of problems remain to be solved before the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles. 78. 务必保管好密码，否则别人会获取你储存在电脑里的关键信息。（accessible）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do keep your password safe, or the important information stored in your computer will be accessible to others. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句，非谓语动词和形容词。“务必保管好密码”根据句意，此处可用do+动词原形的强调句型，译为“Do keep your password safe”，“否则”用or连接并列句子，“关键信息”作主语，译为“the important information”，“储存在电脑里的”可用动词store，和information之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，译为“stored in your computer”，“别人会获取”根据题干要求，用形容词accessible，根据句意，用一般将来时，译为“will be accessible to others”。故译为：Do keep your password safe, or the important information stored in your computer will be accessible to others. 79. 这家新餐厅正在免费提供他们的招牌菜试吃，目的是帮助食客培养对他们独特料理的喜好。（trial, acquire) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The newly-opened restaurant is giving out/offering free trials of their signature dish, aiming to help diners acquire a taste for their unique cuisine. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“这家新餐厅”译为the newly-opened restaurant，作主语，“提供”使用动词短语give out或动词offer，表示正在发生的事情，使用现在进行时，“免费的招牌菜试吃”译为free trials of their signature dish，作宾语，“目的是”使用动词短语aim to do，逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，“帮助某人做某事”使用动词短语help sb do sth，“培养对他们独特料理的喜好”使用动词短语acquire a taste for their unique cuisine，综上，故翻译为：The newly-opened restaurant is giving out/ offering free trials of their signature dish, aiming to help diners acquire a taste for their unique cuisine. 80. 要想发展科学，必须营造一种鼓励创新的环境，要允许自由探索，提倡学术争鸣。(advocate)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To develop science, we must create an environment which encourages innovation, and we must allow free exploration (of new things) and advocate academic debate. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。“发展科学”使用动词短语develop science，表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，“必须”使用情态动词must，后接动词原形，“营造一种环境”译为create an environment，“鼓励创新”译为一个定语从句，修饰environment，“鼓励”使用动词encourage，“创新”使用名词innovation，关系词在从句中作主语，可使用which引导；“要允许自由探索，提倡学术争鸣”和前面的句子是并列顺承关系，使用and连接，“允许”使用动词allow，“自由探索”译为free exploration (of new things)，“提倡”使用动词advocate，“学术争鸣”译为academic debate，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，故翻译为：To develop science, we must create an environment which encourages innovation, and we must allow free exploration (of new things) and advocate academic debate. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$