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选择性必修第一册
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
(主题语境:人与社会——人物情况)
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Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary woman genius,gentle Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive
elements,which were vital and crucial to physics. It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in
1867. Distinct from other girls,she had a strong passion for science and committed her whole life to scientific
research. After graduating from high school,she took up a position as a tutor. In 1891,she was admitted into the
Academy of Paris,where she achieved great academic performances and as a consequence,she became the first
woman professor. Under unbearable circumstances,she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and
evaluate pitchblende (沥青铀矿)with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their
properties. Apparently,they encountered numerous failures,but under no circumstances did the couple
acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition. Using flow charts and summing up what they had
studied,the couple gradually drew a conclusion that Po and Ra did exist,which was soon spread throughout the
world. In 1934,Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable
scientist.
*+,-%.(/0
12.(3)
阅读词汇会认
1. physiology n.
2. substance n.
3. penicillin n.
4. extract n. vt.
5. chart n. vt.
6. numerous adj.
7. theory n.
8. relativity n.
9. patent n. adj.
10. doctorate n.
11. photoelectric adj.
12. institution n.
13. institute n.
14. moustache n.
15. peculiarity n.
16. device n.
重点词汇会写
1. adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2. adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生
机的
3. n.目标;目的adj.客观的
4. n.性质;特征;财产
5. vt. & vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸
腾;沸点
6. n.液体adj.液体的;液态的
7. vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi. (规
章、习俗等)存在;流行
8. vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
9. n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜
10. adv.显而易见;看来;显然
11. vi. & vt.坚持;
坚决要求
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12. adv.主要地;一般地
13. vi. & vt.(fled,fled)迅速离开;逃跑
14. n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
15. n.流;流动;流畅;供应vi.流;流动
16. vt.推断;推定
17. n.(pl. geniuses)天才;天资;天赋
18. adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
19. adv.逐渐地;逐步地
20. vt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇
21. vt. & vi.哀悼;忧伤
22. adj.非凡的;显著的
23. vi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和
24. n.草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟
拓展词汇会变
1. vt.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错
等);承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活
动等)→ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚
信的→ n.投入;奉献;承诺
2. n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学
会;专科院校→ adj.学业的;学术的
3. adj.植物学的→ n.植
物学
4. vt.评价;评估→ n.评价;
评估
5. adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→
n.区别;差别
6. (NAmEze)vt.分析→ n.
分析
7. adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→
n.科学→ n.科学家
8. n.结论;推论→ vt.断定;
推断出
9. n.小说家→ n.(长篇)小
说adj.新颖的;珍奇的
10. vt.创建;建立;把……建立在→
n.创建;基金会→ n.创建者;创
始人
11. n.政治家;从政者;政客→
n.政治→ adj.政治的
12. adj.温柔的;文静的→
adv.温柔地;温和地
13. n.酷爱;激情→ adj.有
激情的
14. n.结果;后果→ adj.随
之发生的;作为结果的→ adv.结果;
因此;所以
15. n.教授→ n.职业,行业
→ adj.职业的n.专业人士
运用巩固提能
1.(朗文当代)He vowed to achieve certain
(目标)before the end of his presidency.
2.(剑桥高阶)Researchers (分析)the
purchases of 6,300 households.
3.(2020·天津卷)This led Jones to the
(结论) that there are too many extremely lonely
people in his community,who are easy targets of
cheating.
4.(剑桥高阶)We are planning a dinner to celebrate
the fiftieth anniversary of the (建立)of
the company.
5. (剑桥高阶)I (推断) from her
expression that she wanted to leave.
6. (朗文当代)They (遇到)serious
problems when two members of the expedition were
injured.
7.(牛津高阶)The (装置)was protected
by (专利).
8.(2022·全国甲卷)These (文静的),
lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kickstarted
what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)What is a (后
果)of food waste according to the test?
10.(剑桥高阶)What sort of (物质)could
withstand those temperatures?
11. to education,he every
minute to studying and teaching,so his
finally paid off.(commit)
12. I desire to be a by in the
future and I will possess lots of
knowledge.(professor)
13. The has made many
achievements in .(science)
14. Through my great efforts,I obtained
qualifications at the Chinese of
Sciences.(academy)
15. As you know, is my main major at
university,and as a consequence,I memorize many
parties and .(politics)
16. The two modern create at least five
every year.(novel)
17. My brother is about everything,so he
studies everything with great .
(passion)
18. My mother stroked my
head,comforting me.(gentle
)
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写准记牢
1. 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协
议或安排等)
2. 坚决要求
3. (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
4. 流程图
5. (开始)掌权;上台
6. 担任;任职
7. 总结;概括
8. (材料,产品等)能承受;经
受得住;耐(……)
9. 毕业于
10. 把……错当成……
11. 被困/卡住
12. 偶然地
13. 取出;拉长
14. 对……做出贡献
15. 因此
16. Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
语境运用
1.(2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist on mutual
(相互的)recognition and regard.
2.(柯林斯词典)In this house nothing is there by
chance :it is always the result of great deliberation.
3.(剑桥高阶)The government must commit itself to
improving health care.
4.(朗文当代)Animals have died as a consequence
of coming into contact with this chemical.
5.(剑桥高阶)Seat covers on trains take a lot of wear
and tear .
6.(朗文当代)De Gaulle came to power in 1958.
7. (朗文当代)Bill took up his new position as
Works Director in October.
8. (朗文当代)Gerald will open the debate and I
will sum up .
9.(朗文当代)They got stuck
in a traffic jam.
【词汇拓展记忆】
ABB型不规则动词 “观点态度”不一 “总而言之”的表达
①flee→fled→fled
②bend→bent→bent
③lend→lent→lent
④meet→met→met
⑤understand→understood→understood
⑥think→thought→thought
①subjective adj.主观的
②neutral adj.中立的
③indifferent adj.漠不关心的
④unconcerned adj.漠不关心的
⑤objective adj.客观的
⑥supportive adj.支持的
①to sum up
②in conclusion
③in short
④in brief
⑤in a word
⑥all in all
567(89
原句译背
1. after doing. . .在做……之后
After failing more than 190 times,the team finally
succeeded in 1971.
2. upon doing. . .当……时;一……就……
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel
Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
3. it作形式主语
It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific
research and Chinese medicine to be spread around
the world.
4. while doing. . .状语从句的省略
While working there,out of a strong passion for
knowledge, he continued to study, earning a
doctorate in physics in 1905.
仿写运用
1.在赛跑中获得一等奖后,他又唱又跳地回家了。
After winning the first prize in the running race ,
he headed for his home,singing and dancing.
2.一听到这个消息,他难以抑制心中的兴奋,高兴地
跳了起来。
Upon hearing the news ,he was unable to control
his excitement and jumped with joy.
3.(牛津高阶)知道她安然无恙是令人宽慰的事。
Its a comfort to know that she is safe.
4.上周末在农场摘水果的时候,我们沐浴在春日的
温暖的阳光中。
While picking fruits on the farm last weekend ,we
were bathed in the spring warm sunshine.
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1. vital adj.必不可少的;至关重要的;充满生机的
佳句背诵
If we are to make a difference in environmental
protection,its vital that we should begin with small
things. (读后续写之主旨升华)
如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为,重要的是我
们应该从小事做起。
归纳拓展
(1)be vital to / for sth. . . . 对……至关重要
It is vital that . . . sb. (should)do sth.……是极其重
要的。
(2)be of vital importance to . . .对……至关重要
(3)vitally adv.极其,紧要地
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Enough sleep is vital the students
physical and mental health.
②Reading is (vital)important in language
learning.
写作运用提能
③我们从失败中吸取教训是至关重要的。(读后续
写之主旨升华)
It is of vital importance that we (should)learn
something from failure.
2. commit vt.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错
等);承诺;保证;花(钱或时间)vi.忠于;全心
全意投入(工作、活动等)
佳句背诵
I strongly suggest that you(should)commit one hour
to reading / read English every day, which will
gradually improve your spoken English. Meanwhile,
youd better commit yourself to practise / practising
speaking English with your classmates regularly /make
a commitment to practising speaking English with
your classmates regularly.(应用文写作之建议信)
我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时的时间读英语,这
将逐渐提高你的英语口语。同时,你最好保证经常
和你的同学练习说英语。
归纳拓展
(1)commit oneself to do sth.承诺做某事
commit oneself to (doing)sth. 致力于做某事
commit murder / a crime / a mistake谋杀/犯罪/犯错误
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. / commit oneself to
(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事
(3)commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
make a commitment to (doing)sth.保证/承诺(做)某事
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2021·天津3月卷)This requires
(commit)to a particular occupation,branch of study
or research.
②He made a commitment to (create)a
novel,which made us wild with joy.
写作运用提能
③我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸
窘得通红。(尴尬心理描写)
,
my face red with embarrassment.
④他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取,因此,他每天都
致力于学习。我深信他的投入早晚会得到回报。
He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and
as a consequence, he is committed to studying on a
daily basis . I deeply believe that his commitment
does pay off sooner or later.
3. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)
感谢
佳句背诵
It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only
instructive but also full of passion.
= The film is universally acknowledged to be not only
instructive but also full of passion.
大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有教育意义,而且充
满激情。
归纳拓展
(1)acknowledge sb. / sth. as / to be. . .认为某人/物
是……;承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing / having done sth.承认做了某事
It is universally / widely acknowledged that. . .……是大
家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n.承认;
感谢
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多维训练
单句语法填空
① Tom acknowledged being defeated / having been
defeated (defeat ) in the English speech
competition,which made us quite depressed.
②Professor Huang Danian is acknowledged
one of the worlds greatest physicists.
写作运用提能
③我感谢我的英语老师,没有他我不可能在英语方
面取得如此巨大的进步。(感谢信)
I acknowledge my English teacher ,without whom I
couldnt have made such great progress in English.
④(2022·浙江6月,应用文写作)位于我们校图书
馆二楼的自习室给我们学生提供了一个自主学习
和合作学习的理想场所,这是大家公认的。
It is universally / widely acknowledged that the
selfstudy room located on the second floor in our
school library provides us students with an ideal
place for independent and cooperative learning.
4. insist vt. & vi.坚持;坚决要求
佳句背诵
Only when we insist on working out regularly can we
keep healthy physically and mentally. (应用文之健康
生活)
只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体时我们才能保持身心
健康。
归纳拓展
(1)insist on (doing)sth.坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
(2)insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句
谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“should +动词原形”,
should可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语
气,根据需要选择各种时态。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①As a consequence of some solid evidence,the police
officer insisted that he had disobeyed (disobey)
the traffic rules and (should)be fined (fine).
②The man insisted on / upon finding a taxi for me
even though I told him I lived nearby.
写作运用提能
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)好像忘记了自己
所有的弱点,大卫坚持向前跑,尽管他在几公里内
就被绊倒了。
David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all
his weaknesses,though he was tripped over within
the few kilometers.
④老师坚决要求我们要学会知道自己动手的重
要性。
Our teacher insisted that we(should)learn to know
the importance of working with our own hands.
5. conclusion n.结论;推论
佳句背诵
(2023·浙江1 月卷,书面表达)The activity
concluded with a call for the protection of plants.
该活动以呼吁保护植物结束。
归纳拓展
(1)in conclusion最后;总之
come to / reach / arrive at / draw a conclusion得出结论
(2)conclude vt.断定;推断出
conclude. . . with sth. / by doing sth.以……结束
conclude from. . .从……中得出结论
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷,书面表达)
conclusion,your practical suggestions are bound to
make our theme class meeting about traditional
Chinese cultures appeal to more foreigners.
写作运用提能
②我从自己的经历中得出结论:“家庭是生活暴风雨
中的救生衣。”(读后续写之亲情升华句)
→I concluded from my own experience ,“Family
is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.”(conclude)
→I came to / reached / arrived at / drew a conclusion
from my own experience ,“Family is a life jacket in
the stormy sea of life.”(conclusion)
6. circumstance n. (usually pl.)条件;环境;状
况
佳句背诵
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)Under / In no
circumstances shall we give up the objective of
challenging ourselves. As a consequence, if
circumstances permit / allow,we will take immediate
action to accomplish our dream.
我们决不能放弃挑战自己的目标,因此,如果条件允
许的话,我们应该立即采取行动去实现自己的梦想
。
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归纳拓展
under / in no circumstances无论如何不,决不(置于句
首,句子用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit / allow如果情况允许的话
under / in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此
多维训练
单句语法填空
① Under / In no circumstances will I miss this
precious opportunity,which is vital for my future
development.
② Our rules should fit in with the actual school
circumstances (circumstance),otherwise they will
actually be meaningless.
写作运用提能
③(2022·浙江1月,读后续写)我的搭档生病了。
即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地和我一起
分析评估我们收集的数据,我内心深处的敬佩之
情油然而生。
My partner was ill. ,
he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our
collected data,and a feeling of admiration began to
rise in my deep heart.
7. take up a position担任;任职
佳句背诵
Li Hua will take up his position as chairman of the
Students Association at the end of next month.
李华将在下个月底就任学生会主席一职。
归纳拓展
take up拿起;占据;开始从事;接受
take off脱下;起飞;事业腾飞;休假
take in吸收;理解;收留;欺骗
take over接管;接任
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take down写下;记下;拆除
take apart拆开;拆卸
多维训练
用take的相关短语填空
①With the remarkable development of science and
technology,our country has taken on a new look.
②I acknowledged that I hardly took in what the
teacher said in class,which made me in low spirits.
③Tom,a person with passion,will take up his
position as chairman of the Student Association at the
end of next month.
④The smart professor had no difficulty taking apart
the fridge and repaired it successfully.
⑤Apparently,when the delayed flight will take off
depends much on the weather.
⑥We students insist on taking down the key points
at class and sum them up after class.
⑦After taking over the company from his father,he
took in some advanced ideas.
8. remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
佳句背诵
The place you referred to just now is remarkable for
its amazing scenery.
你刚才提到的那个地方以其迷人的景色而闻名。
归纳拓展
(1)be remarkable for因……引人注目
(2)remark on / upon. . .谈论/评论……
remark that. . .谈到/说起……
(3)make a remark / remarks on / upon. . .对……发表
评论/看法
多维训练
单句语法填空
①He left the table, remarking (remark)that he had
some work to do.
②(2022·全国乙卷)However,we all witness that
preschool children are remarkably (remark)bad
at hiding.
③(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)After two years,the second
group saw remarkable (remark)improvements in
heart health.
写作运用提能
④老师评论我的文章写得很好,这让我很自豪。
The teacher made a remark on / upon my essay,
adding that it was well written,which made me
proud.
9. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the
Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not
just mine.”
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉
不仅仅属于我。”
佳句背诵
Upon / On hearing the shots of the race ring out,
everyone just rushed forward,only a small thin body
was staggering behind. (动作描写
)
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一听到比赛的枪声,大家都向前冲去,只有一个瘦小
的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
归纳拓展
(1)upon / on (doing)sth.是介词短语用作时间状语,
意为“一……就……”。
(2)表示“一……就……”的结构还有
由名词构成的连词:the instant / the moment / the
minute +句子
由副词作连词:instantly / immediately / directly +句子
固定句式:no sooner. . . than. . .,hardly. . . when. . .
as soon as +句子
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Upon arriving / arrival (arrive)in Paris,he was
arrested.
② instant he reached the company,Jimmy
found a long line of applicants waiting to be
interviewed.
③He had hardly finished the composition
the bell rang.
写作运用提能
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,读后续写)一听到这个意外
的消息,她惊讶得目瞪口呆。
Upon / On hearing the unexpected news ,she was
so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.
(upon / on doing. . .)
⑤(2021·浙江1月卷,读后续写)我的头一从大南
瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge
pumpkin ,I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→ The instant my head was pulled out of the huge
pumpkin ,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→ Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge
pumpkin ,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
10. It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific
research and Chinese medicine to be spread
around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播
确实是一个荣誉。
佳句背诵
(2022·全国甲卷)As high school students,its our
responsibility to protect the oceans,which are the
lungs of our planet.
作为高中生,保护海洋是我们的责任,海洋是地球
的肺。
归纳拓展
it作形式主语的常用句式:
(1)It be + an honour + for sb. to do sth. / It be ones
honour + to do sth.
(2)It be + 过去分词(said, thought,believed,
supposed,reported. . .)+ that从句
(3)It be +形容词(strange,important,vital,obvious,
possible. . .)+ that从句
(4)It be +名词短语(a pity,a shame,a fact,a good
idea,no wonder. . .)+ that从句
(5)It +不及物动词(occur,happen,seem. . .)+ that
从句
多维训练
单句语法填空
①It is a great honour to deliver (deliver)a speech
to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.
② is apparent that we should spend some
time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang
Dynasty.
补全句子夯基
③ It is generally believed that (普遍认为)IT has
both advantages and disadvantages.
④ It is said that (据说) a large number of
papercutting works by experts throughout China will
be on show.
写作运用提能
⑤我很高兴得知你要去拜访一个中国家庭。您有必
要了解中国的餐桌礼仪。(应用文写作之传统文
化)
Im more than delighted to learn that you are going to
visit a Chinese family. It is necessary that you
should know about the table manners of China.
⑥据说这位老人是一位刻薄的人。但事实是他对孩
子很友好,甚至请他们吃美味的水果。(读后续写
之人物描写)
It was said that the old man was a mean man. But
it was a fact that he was friendly to children and
even treated them to delicious fruits.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023·全国甲卷)The remarkable (remark)
development of this city, which is consciously
designed to protect the past while stepping into the
modern world,means there is always something new
to discover here, and I could be photographing
Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I said gently (gentle)and
quietly,“No one can change your mind,except
yourself. . .”
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emma says its challenging to
be a health expert,because people can be easily
influenced by advertisements that lack scientific
(science)support.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)What can be inferred (infer)
about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
5.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)So to try to change a distinctly
(distinct)modern behavior,lawmakers and public
health experts are reaching back to an old approach:
They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
6. (2022·浙江1 月卷)Above all,I hoped he
wouldnt assign me to work with the fiercely
competitive,extremely serious fellow who always
wore dark clothes and apparently (apparent)had
a personality to match.
7. Committed (commit)to scientific research to a great
extent,he couldnt spare any time to go on holiday.
8. To sum ,we can tackle the problem in
this scientific manner.
9. Insisting that Tom had stolen (steal)her car,the
old tailor insisted that he (should)be sent (send)
to prison.
10.(牛津高阶)This can prevent air from flowing
(flow)freely to the lungs.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract
the useful substance. adj.新颖的
②In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of
scientists with the objective of discovering a new
treatment for malaria. n.目标
③(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb,a professor at
the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one
of a small but growing minority of academics who are
cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change. n.高等院校教师;高校科研人员
④(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)“I was turning the page
to get ready for the next page,but the draft wind
from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the
stand,”Mr Titterton said,“Luckily I was able to
catch them and put them back.” n.(小股)气流
2.选出flow的汉语意思
A. vi.(大量人或物)流动 B. n.流畅;连贯
C. vi.(液体)流动 D. n.流动 E. n.不断供应
①(江苏卷)Believing in such a world,many
governments have put an end to some of the very
necessary regulations on crossborder flows of
capital,labour and goods,with poor results. D
②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow
of the text. B
③As we know,the government encourages the flow
of goods and services to remote areas. E
④Its here that the river flows down into the ocean.
C
⑤Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from
the troubled region into the district.
A
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Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(人物介绍——我最尊敬的人)
1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔,他终生致力于治愈
病人的疾病。
②无论遇到什么困难,他绝不承认失败。(倒装)
③自从他上任以来,他坚持全心全意为所有的病
人服务。
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④帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形
式主语)
⑤去年,一听说上海急需医生,他毫不犹豫地前往
上海。
2.
使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“后悔”“内疚”和“自责”
素材积累
必
备
单
词
形容词:guilty,regretful,副词:guiltily
名词:guilt,regret,动词:regret
高
级
词
块
1. much to ones regret / to ones great regret令某人深
感遗憾的是
2. with deep / great regret很遗憾地
3. be full of guilt / be consumed with guilt满心愧疚
4. a feeling of guilt内疚感
素材运用
第一步 按要求完成下列句子。
1.看着安妮泪流满面,我开始感到后悔和内疚。
Looking at Annes face wet with tears, I began to
feel regretful and guilty .
2.安妮发出后悔的喊声:“我真傻。”
Anne let out a cry of regret ,“Im so silly.”
3.我还没来得及说话,她就冲了出去,留下我后悔
不迭。
→She dashed out before I could say a word,and
left me dumb with deep regret . (介词短语)
→She dashed out before I could say a word, leaving
me dumb with deep regret .(分词作状语)
4.我僵在那里,眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和
安妮吵架那该多好啊!
I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes . If
only I had not quarreled with Anne!
5.我满心愧疚,冲出去向安妮道歉。
With guilt and regret flowing in my mind ,I
rushed out to apologise to Anne.(with复合结构)
第二步 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵,注意使
用合适的衔接过渡词汇
。
温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[17]
"(%
正在开发一个新的载人太空舱和一个月球着陆器,这将能够将
三名航天员送入月球轨道,并允许其中两名航天员登月。根据
句子结构和意思可知,此处new rocket for manned mission是特
指,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
9. which 考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构和
意思可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词“a new crewed
capsule and a lunar lander”指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用
关系代词which。故填which。
10. significantly 考查词性转换。句意:与此同时,中国还正在开发
一系列可重复使用的航天发射和运输系统,这将大大提高其航
天飞机的能力,降低成本,并为该领域的未来发展提供动力。此
处修饰动词boost,应用副词significantly。故填significantly。
Ⅳ.参考范文:
Dear David,
I am Li Hua,chairman of the students union of Xinhua High
School. Delighted and privileged,I am writing to invite you to be a
judge at our English speech contest “Telling Chinas Stories Well in
English”.
Aimed at spreading glorious Chinese history and cultivating
national confidence,the speech contest is due to take place in our
school auditorium on Apr. 15th. It starts at 9:00 a. m. and will last for
about 2 hours. Nine contestants will compete in the final, each
delivering two speeches,a prepared one and an impromptu one based
on a topic chosen by the English teachers. The judges will score and
comment on their performances at the end of the competition.
It would be our greatest honor if you could accept our invitation
and get your time spared. If you have any more questions,feel free to
call me. Looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
选择性必修第一册
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
必备知识·巧记活用
1 立体巧记单词
阅读词汇会认
1.生理学;生理机能 2.物质;物品;事实根据 3.青霉素;盘尼西
林 4.提取物;摘录 提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出 5.图表 记
录;制订计划 6.众多的;许多的 7.理论;学说 8.相对论;相对
性 9.专利;专利证书;获得专利 有专利的;受专利保护的
10.博士学位 11.光电的 12.社会公共机构;制度;习俗
13.(教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑 14.上唇的胡子;髭 15.个
性;特点;怪异的性质 16.方法;技巧;装置;仪器
重点词汇会写
1. crucial 2. vital 3. objective 4. property 5. boil 6. liquid
7. obtain 8. acknowledge 9. defeat 10. apparently 11. insist
12. mostly 13. flee 14. circumstance 15. flow 16. infer
17. genius 18. extraordinary 19. gradually 20. encounter
21. mourn 22. remarkable 23. sum 24. draft
拓展词汇会变
1. commit committed commitment 2. academy academic
3. botanical botany 4. evaluate evaluation 5. distinct
distinction 6. analyse analysis(pl. analyses) 7. scientific
science scientist 8. conclusion conclude 9. novelist novel
10. found foundation founder 11. politician politics political
12. gentle gently 13. passion passionate 14. consequence
consequent consequently 15. professor profession professional
运用巩固提能
1. objectives 2. analysed / analyzed 3. conclusion 4. founding / foundation
5. inferred 6. encountered 7. device patent 8. gentle 9. consequence
10. substance 11. Committed committed commitment 12. professor
profession professional 13. scientist scientific science
14. academic Academy 15. politics political politicians
16. novelists novels 17. passionate passion 18. gentle gently
2 语境助记短语
写准记牢
1. commit oneself to(sth. / doing sth. / do sth.) 2. insist on 3. wear
and tear 4. flow chart 5. come to power 6. take up a position
7. sum up 8. stand up to 9. graduate from 10. mistake. . . for. . .
11. get stuck 12. by chance 13. draw out 14. make contributions to
15. as a consequence 16. Nobel Prize
语境运用
1. insist on 2. by chance 3. commit itself to 4. as a consequence
5. wear and tear 6. came to power 7. took up 8. sum up 9. got stuck
3 仿写速记句式
原句译背
1.在失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。
2.获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
3.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
4.在那里工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于
1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
仿写运用
1. After winning the first prize in the running race 2. Upon hearing
the news 3. Its a comfort 4. While picking fruits on the farm
last weekend
核心考点·讲练提升
1.①for / to ②vitally ③It is of vital importance that
2.①commitment ②creating ③I committed a silly mistake in front
of so many people ④he is committed to studying on a daily basis
his commitment 3. ①being defeated / having been defeated ②as
③ I acknowledge my English teacher ④ It is universally / widely
acknowledged 4.①had disobeyed (should)be fined ②on / upon
③insisted on running ④insisted that we(should)learn to know
5.① In ② concluded from my own experience came to / reached /
arrived at / drew a conclusion from my own experience 6.①Under / In
②circumstances ③Even under / in the circumstances 7.①taken on
②took in ③take up ④taking apart ⑤take off ⑥taking down
⑦taking over took in 8.①remarking ②remarkably ③remarkable
④made a remark on / upon 9.①arriving / arrival ②The ③when
④Upon / On hearing the unexpected news ⑤As soon as my head was
pulled out of the huge pumpkin The instant my head was pulled out of
the huge pumpkin Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge
pumpkin 10.①to deliver ②It ③It is generally believed that
④It is said that ⑤ It is necessary that you should know about the
table manners of China. ⑥It was said that it was a fact that
关键能力·对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. remarkable 考查词性转换。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有
意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的
东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。分析句子
成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故
填remarkable。
2. gently 考查词性转换。句意:我轻轻地说:“没有人能改变你的
想法,除了你自己……”。根据句意可知,填副词修饰动词said。
3. scientific 考查词性转换。句意:艾玛说,成为一名健康专家很
有挑战性,因为人们很容易受到缺乏科学依据的广告的影响。
根据句意可知,填形容词修饰名词support。
4. be inferred 考查动词的语态。句意:关于糖税政策的采用可以
推断出什么?根据句意可知,填被动语态。
5. distinctly 考查词性转换。句意:因此,为了改变这种明显的现
代行为,立法者和公共卫生专家正在求助于一种古老的方法:他
们希望把分心驾驶当作酒后驾驶来对待。根据句意可知,填副
词修饰形容词。
6. apparently 考查词性转换。句意:最重要的是,我希望他不要让
我和那个争强好胜、极其严肃的家伙一起工作,他总是穿着深色
的衣服,显然有一个与之相配的个性。根据句意可知,填副词修
饰动词。
7. Committed 考查非谓语动词。句意:因为太致力于科学研究,他
抽不出时间去度假。根据句意可知,填过去分词作原因状语,相
当于状语从句because he was committed to scientific research to a
great extent。
8. up 考查短语。句意:总之,我们可以用这种科学的方法来解决
这个问题。to sum up“总之”。
9. had stolen (should)be sent 考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:老裁
缝坚持说汤姆偷了她的车,坚持要把他送进监狱。由句意可知,第
一空不用虚拟语气,用过去完成时;第二空用虚拟语气。
10. flowing 考查固定句型。句意:这可以防止空气任意流入肺
部。根据句意及句子结构,要填入动词,介词后接动词时用动
名词形式。故填flowing。
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.①adj.新颖的 ②n.目标 ③n.高等院校教师;高校科研人员
④n.(小股)气流
2.①D ②B ③E ④C ⑤A
核心素养·双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
1.①The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing
patients of their diseases all his life. ②
Whatever difficulties he
—506—
encounters,under / in no circumstances will he acknowledge
defeat. ③Ever since he took up his position,he has insisted on
serving all the patients heart and soul. ④It is his responsibility to
help patients recover from illnesses. ⑤Upon / On hearing that
Shanghai was in great need of doctors last year,he headed for
Shanghai without hesitation.
2.参考范文:
The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to
curing patients of their diseases all his life. Whatever difficulties he
encounters,under / in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat.
Ever since he took up his position,he has insisted on serving all the
patients heart and soul. In his opinion,it is his responsibility to help
patients recover from illnesses. Therefore,upon / on hearing that
Shanghai was in great need of doctors last year,he headed for
Shanghai without hesitation.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
素材运用
第一步 1. I began to feel regretful and guilty 2. Anne let out a cry
of regret 3. left me dumb with deep regret leaving me dumb with
deep regret 4. with regretful tears in my eyes 5. With guilt and
regret flowing in my mind
第二步 参考范文:
Looking at Annes face wet with tears,I began to feel regretful and
guilty. Suddenly,Anne let out a cry of regret,“Im so silly.”Then she
dashed out before I could say a word,leaving me dumb with deep
regret. I froze there,with regretful tears in my eyes. If only I had not
quarreled with Anne!Finally,with guilt and regret flowing in my
mind,I rushed out to apologise to Anne.
练案[17]
Ⅰ. A
语篇导读:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了孟加拉国
一名17岁男孩因反网络霸凌获得了今年的国际儿童和平奖。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The prize winner,Sadat
Rahman,promised to keep fighting online abuse until it no longer
exists.(国际儿童和平奖得主萨达特·拉赫曼(Sadat Rahman)承
诺将继续打击网络暴力,直到它不复存在为止。)”可知,萨达特
·拉赫曼致力于打击网络暴力。故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“He said he began his work
on the project after . . . who took her own life as a result of
cyberbullying.(他说,他是在听到一名15岁女孩因受到网络欺
凌而自杀的故事后开始从事这个项目的。)”可知,一个女孩死于
网络欺凌这件事使萨达特·拉赫曼开始了他的项目。故选C。
3. D 主旨大意题。第五段的关键词是“Past wellknown winners of
the prize(过去的著名获奖者)”和“students who organized the
March for Our Lives event in 2018(2018年组织‘为我们的生命游
行’活动的学生)”,所以本段主要讲述了该奖项以前的一些获
奖者。故选D。
4. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Yousafzai说的话“All children
have the right to be protected from violence. . .”“Cyberbullying is a
violation(侵犯)of that right.”可知,所有儿童都拥有免受暴力侵
害的权利,无论是身体还是心理,无论是线下还是线上。网络霸
凌是对这项权利的侵犯。因此,网络霸凌应该被消除。故选B。
B
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔物理
学奖获得者Carl Wieman试图帮助本科学生提高解决问题的能力
而进行的教学创新。这位斯坦福大学的教授通过观察他的研究
生,发现促进他们思维能力提升的主要因素是围绕知识体系进行
的密集的学术交流。于是,越来越多的教授在课程教学中采用这
种方法,将科学教育从传统的讲座形式转向一种更积极、更投入的
模式。
5. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Despite his clear
explanations,his students’capacity to solve the problems he posed
to them remained inadequate.”可知,他的学生(本科生)仍然无法
提高解决他提出的问题的能力。故选D。
6. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“. . . their habits of thought
were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates.”可知,他们
(研究生)的思维习惯和本科生一样狭隘僵化。故选A。
7. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the development of crucial
skills such as. . . was closely related to the students’engagement
with their peers in the lab”可知,2019年的研究发现学生关键思
维能力的发展和在实验室里与同龄人的学术交流密切相关。故
选C。
8. D 标题归纳题。文章第一段是讲Carl Wieman在教学中发现
学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差;第二、三段关于他如
何找到的解决方案——在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的
提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流。第四段是结果——越来越
多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。因此,D项
“Carl Wieman的教育创新”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ. 语篇导读:本文主要介绍了2021年诺贝尔文学奖获得者,
坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳的生平及作品。
1. A 考查语境推断。根据第一段“. . . was awarded the 2021 Nobel
Prize in Literature.”可知,古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖。receive
意为“得到,收到”,符合语境。confirm意为“确认”;search意为
“搜查”;appreciate意为“欣赏”。故选A。
2. B 考查语境推断。结合语境可知,此处表示古尔纳被选为诺贝
尔文学奖的获得者。selection意为“选择”,符合语境。section
意为“部分,部门”;collection意为“收藏(品)”;consultation意为
“咨询”。故选B。
3. A 考查语境推断。结合空后的“exile(流放),identity and
belonging”以及下文“. . . and Dottie,which all deal with the
immigrant(移民)experience in Britain.”可知,在他的10部小说
中,古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。theme意为
“主题”,符合语境。opinion意为“意见”;passage意为“段落”;
suggestion意为“建议”。故选A。
4. D 考查语境推断。结合语境可知,此处表示这些作品包括《离
别的记忆》《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》,都是围绕在英国的移民经
历而展开。include意为“包括”,符合语境。explode意为“爆
炸”;conclude意为“总结”;provide意为“提供”。故选D。
5. C 考查语境推断。结合语境可知,此处表示古尔纳的第一语言
是斯瓦希里语,但他采用英语作为他的文学语言。adopt意为
“采用”,符合语境。advise意为“建议”;adapt意为“使适应;改
编”;affect意为“影响”。故选C。
6. D 考查语境推断。结合语境可知,此处表示他的作品引用了
《古兰经》和阿拉伯诗歌与波斯诗歌中的意象和故事。as well as
意为“以及”,符合语境。as much as意为“多达”;as long as意为
“只要;长达”;as often as意为“每当”。故选D。
7. C 考查语境推断。此处表示小说家同行和学者们庆祝古尔纳
获得诺贝尔奖的消息,他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的
读者。celebrate意为“庆祝”,符合语境。award意为“授予”;
discuss意为“讨论”;suspect意为“怀疑”。故选C。
8. B 考查语境推断。结合语境可知,此处表示他的作品应有更广
泛的读者。work意为“作品”,符合语境。job意为“工作”;labor
意为“任务;工作”;career意为“职业,事业”。故选B。
9. A 考查语境推断。根据语境可知,此处表示桑给巴尔现在是坦
桑尼亚的一部分。part意为“部分”,符合语境。name意为“名
称”;home意为“家”;country意为“国家”。故选A。
10. D 考查语境推断。根据下文中与设空处内容并列的poor,
homesick可知,空格处填写的词汇应该是具有相似感情色彩的
词汇,表示古尔纳当时的状态。miserable意为“痛苦的”,符合语
境。admirable意为“令人钦佩的”;respectable意为“受人尊敬
的”;fashionable意为“时髦的”。故选D。
11. B 考查语境&常识推断。根据上下文语境可知,古尔纳先是
在日记中写零碎片段,接着是简短记录,再接着是人物故事;且
根据常识可知,写作应是循序渐进,一步步进行的;且从零碎片
段到简短记录再到人物故事,文字的长度应是逐渐变长的。long
意为“长的”,符合语境。high意为“高的”;strong意为“强壮
的”;heavy意为“重的”。故选B。
12. C 考查语境推断。根据语境可知,此处表示20多岁时,古尔
纳开始写小说。write意为“写作”,符合语境。read意为“阅
读”;hear意为“听”;watch意为“观察”。故选C。
13. A 考查逻辑推断。本段主要介绍了古尔纳的文学创作历程,
有明显的时间顺序;此处表示后来,他成为英语教授。afterwards
意为“然后”,符合语境。forwards意为“向前”;backwards意为
“向后”;frontwards意为“向前”。故选A。
14. B 考查语境推断。根据第四段中“Gurnah was born in
Zanzibar. . . in 1948. Then,in 1964,he fled to England.”可知,16
岁时,古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚,即此处指自青少年时期他便没有
再回去过。teenager意为“青少年”,符合语境。writer意为“作
家”;scholar意为“学者”;professor意为“教授”。故选B。
15. D 考查语境推断。后文是古尔纳对上文“his homeland always
inspires his imagination”的诠释,以说明他的小说中处处有着他
的祖国的影子。in his own words意为“用他自己的话”,符合语
境。as a result意为“结果”;at the same time意为“同时”;on the
other hand意为“另一方面”。故选D。
Ⅲ. 语篇导读:本文针对传统的、认为抱怨只有负面作用的片
面观点,提出了合理地有技巧性地抱怨倾诉可以缓解情绪并帮助
我们成长的观点和具体的实操方法。
1. C 第一段是文章主旨,抱怨总是被认为是负面的、消极的,但是
如果你改善了这个过程就会产生积极影响。设空处是第二段的
主旨句,本段介绍抱怨的消极影响,比如让人的共情能力下降,
阻碍人们实现自己的理想,专家甚至建议人们停止抱怨,因此C
项(事实上,抱怨被认为是不好的。)符合语境。故选C
。
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