内容正文:
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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
(主题语境:人与社会——历史)
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When studying in the United Kingdom,I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales,Scotland
and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it. The four countries belonging to
the UK use the same currency and military defence,but they have different legal systems. I saw much evidence
that showed the Romans,the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Britain,leaving
their socalled achievements and influencing the names of locations and vocabulary. There were many fascinating
places,so I had to keep my eyes open. Later I travelled to Ireland where I found myself fascinated by the
landscape. It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I was surrounded with
beautiful pictures. Every day I was greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle,the roar of
the ocean and the scent of flowers. I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which charged a small
amount of money for their service. Once I talked about their customs with a crowd of Irish people who were
interested in our Confucius philosophy,poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors chief
achievements. They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth
watering stew. The journey was so striking that Im eager to go there again.
*+,-%.(/0
12.(3)
阅读词汇会认
1. cemetery n.
2. philosophy n.
3. descendant n.
4. heel n.
5. Achilles heel
6. kingdom n.
7. currency n.
8. military adj.
9. landscape n.
10. ancestor n.
11. courtyard n.
12. cattle n.
13. scent n.
14. stew n. vt.& vi.
15. sensory adj.
16. transition n.
17. Roman adj. n.
重点词汇会写
1. n.孔子
2. adj.单独的;个别的n.个人
3. adj.最重要的;最高级别的n.(公司
或机构的)首领;酋长
4. adj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近
5. vt.占领;征服;控制
6. n.战役;搏斗vi. & vt.搏斗;奋斗
7. n.港口(城市)
8. n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;
充电
9. n.金额;数量
10. n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
11. n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;
着手处理vi.靠近
12. vt.保证;确保;担保
13. n.黄油;奶油vt.涂黄油于
14. n.蜂蜜
15. n.位置;姿态;职位
16. n.点心;小吃
17. n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
18. n.盛宴;宴会;节日
19. vi. & vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动n.卷
(轴);翻滚
20. n.点;小(圆)点vt.加点;遍布
21. vi. & n.吼叫;
咆哮
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22. n.大海;海洋
23. n.酒吧;酒馆
24. n.葡萄酒;果酒
25. n.(一杯)啤酒
拓展词汇会变
1. n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困
惑→ adj.令人困惑的→
adj.感到困惑的
2. vi.应在(某处);属于→
n.(U)归属;(pl.)所有物,财产
3. n.防御;保卫→ v.防御;
保卫→ adj.防御的;保护的
4. adj.法律的;合法的→
adj.不合法的→ adv.法律上地
5. n.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使……拥
挤→ adj.拥挤的
6. n.证据;证明→ adj.明
显的
7. n.成就;成绩;达到→ vt.
达到;实现
8. n.地方;地点;位置→ vt.确
定……的准确地点;找出……的位置→
adj.坐落于;位于
9. adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→
v.使……入迷,迷住→ adj.着迷的
10. vt.宣布;通知;声称→
n.宣布;通知→ n.广播员;解说员
11. adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→
n.慷慨;大方
12. adj.热切的;渴望的→
adv.热心地;急切地→ n.热切;渴望
13. n.诗人→ n.诗歌→
n.诗歌(总称)
14. vt.问候;迎接→ n.问
候;致意
15. n.风俗;习俗;习惯→ n.
顾客→ n.海关
16. adj.引人注目的;显著的→
vt.打击;攻击;打动n.罢工
运用巩固提能
1.(朗文当代)He was recently appointed chief (最
高级别的)economist at the Bank of Scotland.
2. (剑桥高阶)She said that she wanted to die
surrounded (围绕)by the people she loves.
3.(剑桥高阶)Is there a charge (收费)for children
or do they go free?
4.(2021·浙江卷)She was able to add the new total
to the amount (金额)of cash she had with her.
5.(剑桥高阶)If you look out of the window on the left
of the bus,youll see that were now approaching
(接近)the Tower of London.
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd
(人群)for the schools coach and asked him what had
happened.
7. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and
thunder rolled (滚动).
8.(2022·全国甲卷)The ocean (海洋)plays a
key role in our world.
9.(2022·全国乙卷)He worked in a gallery (画
廊).
10. (2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough
chaperones will result in an extra charge (收费)
of
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50 per absent adult.
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The projects purpose is to
ensure (ensure)harmony in care homes.
12.(朗文当代)The work consists chiefly (chief)of
interviewing the public.
13.(牛津高阶)His ancestors (ancestor)had come
to England as refugees.
14. (朗文当代)The company has over 20 stores
dotted (dot)around the country.
15. It is evident that the man will be sentenced to
prison with the newlyfound evidence .(evident)
16. We must take some measures to
our country against invasion.(defence)
17. I hold the firm belief that you are bound to
your dream of being admitted to a key university,
which will give you a wonderful sense of .
(achieve)
18. The announcer softly announced the result,
but the announcement made me shocked.
(announce)
19. The meeting room is quite crowded ,with a lot of
people crowding in it.(crowd)
20. She wore a expression on her face
because she was about a
problem.(puzzle)
&'4(#&
写准记牢
1. 把……和……连接或联结
起来
2. 脱离;背叛;逃脱
3.
属于
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4. 同(一样也);和;还
5. 留心;留意
6. 把……添加到……中
7. 把……称作……
8. 接收;接管
9. 把……抛在后面;留下;遗留
10. 对……有极大影响
11. 成为……的一部分
12. 有……的迹象;发出……的
气味
13. 布满;点缀
14. 导致
语境运用
1. His judgment and references are decidedly
American, as well as his delicate stomach.
2.(浙江卷)First of all,uniforms help the school look
smart. The students feel that they belong to a
particular group.
3.(牛津高阶)The island is joined to the mainland
by a bridge.
4.(朗文当代)They broke away from the national
union and set up their own local organization.
5.(牛津高阶)The cyclone has resulted in many
thousands of deaths.
6.(朗文当代)He departed for Washington, leaving
the children behind with their mother.
7.(朗文当代)He likes to be referred to as “Doctor
Khee”.
8. (朗文当代)His only reason for investing in the
company was to take it over
.
【词汇拓展记忆】
前缀/后缀en动词集锦 各种“环境,情况”表达 有无“the”含义大相径庭的短语
①large→enlarge扩大;使增大
②rich→enrich使充实
③able→enable使能够
④sure→ensure使确信
⑤short→shorten缩短;使变短
⑥broad→broaden拓宽
⑦fright→frighten使害怕
①circumstances环境;情况
②condition状况,情况
③environment环境,周围状况;自
然环境
④situation情况;状况
⑤surroundings环境;周围的事物
①in charge of掌握;负责
in the charge of在……掌管之下
②in possession of占有
in the possession of被……占有
③in control of控制;管理
in the control of在……控制下
567(89
原句译背
1. what引导的宾语从句
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain,
England—many people are confused by what these
different names mean.
2. if的省略结构
So what is the difference between them,if any?
3.过去分词短语作后置定语
They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,
as well as share the same currency and military
defence.
4. have sth. done
They had castles built all around England,and
made changes to the legal system.
5. with的复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle”and its
many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with
its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and
cattle.
6. It is + adj. + that. . .
With all this beauty, it is not surprising that
Ireland has developed strong traditions that include
music,dancing,and dining.
仿写运用
1.我脸上火辣辣的,我为我对你所做的事情感到
羞愧。
With my face burning,I was ashamed of what I had
done for you .
2.请告诉我,如果有人要来的话,有多少
?
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(牛津高阶)Please let me know how many are
coming, if any .
3.南开大学始建于1919年,有着超过100年的
历史。
Nankai University, founded in 1919,has a history
of more than 100 years.
4.他修房顶的时候,摔断了腿,这让大家很担心他。
He had his leg broken while restoring the roof,
which made everyone worried about him.
5.由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快,他们相信刚刚
所发生的事是真的。
As they were still breathless, with their hearts
beating wildly ,they were convinced that what had
happened just now was true.
6.你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚,今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night; it is not surprising
that you feel sleepy today
.
:;<=%>?@A
1. break away(from sb. / sth.)突然离开;脱离;
背叛;逃脱
佳句背诵
(2021·浙江1 月卷)My father carefully cut the
pumpkin open,so I finally had my head break away
from it.
我父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开,我的头终于从南瓜
中出来了。
归纳拓展
break up打碎;分裂,解体;结束;(关系等)破裂
break down垮掉;分解;出故障
break into破门而入;突然……起来
break in破门而入;打断;插话
break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发
多维训练
用break短语的适当形式填空
①My dog suddenly broke away from me,charged at
the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作链描写)
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Victor feels his team is about
to break up .
③(2023·四川省高职单招)Their house was broken
into and some valuables were stolen.
④ He was charging his mobile phone when the fire
broke out .
写作运用提能
⑤最后我崩溃了,捂着脸流下了眼泪。(心理描写)
Finally I broke down ,shedding tears with my face
covered.
2. belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成
部分
佳句背诵
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a
gym, the workout partner must belong to the
same gym.
如果你计划在健身房锻炼,那么你的健身伙伴必须
是同一家健身房的。
归纳拓展
(1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应,合得来
(2)belonging n.(U)归属;(pl.)所有物;财产
a sense of belonging归属感
注意:belong to没有被动语态和进行时态,用作非谓
语时要使用doing形式。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Having sold most of his belongings (belong),the
poet almost had nothing left in the house.
② The pub belonging (belong) to me is being
decorated now.
写作运用提能
③正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。
It is because of my generous and kindhearted
classmates that I feel a sense of belonging .
3. as well as同(一样也);和;还
佳句背诵
It was your great efforts as well as your professional
guidance that helped me make great progress.(感谢信)
是您的努力和专业的指导让我取得了很大的进步。
归纳拓展
(1)as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名词、
形容词、动词、介词,通常不位于句首。作“也,还”
解,连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与as well as前
面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
(2)用作介词时,as well as 相当于besides,in
addition to,意思为“除……之外”,后面通常接名词
或动名词,尤其是位于句首时。
(3)as well“也;又;还”,常放在句子末尾,作为副词
短语使用
。
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(4)may / might as well do sth.倒不如做某事;不妨做某事
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Americans are still texting while
driving,as well as using (use)social networks
(网络)and taking photos.
②Your wife as well as you (be)friendly and
generous,for which I am very grateful.
写作运用提能
③(2020·天津卷)我们的班主任和五名学生代表
被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。
Our headteacher as well as five student
representatives was invited to deliver a speech at
yesterdays comingofage ceremony.
④她泪如泉涌,心也要碎了。(情感描写)
Tears welled up in her eyes,and her heart seemed
to be torn as well .
4. surround vt.包围;围绕
佳句背诵
It is wise to surround yourself with people who have a
high level of selfdiscipline.(建议信)
交一些高度自律的朋友是明智的。
归纳拓展
(1)surround. . . with. . .用……包围……
be surrounded by / with被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.环境
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising
from the river and the soft clouds surrounding
(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
②(浙江卷)Surround yourself with uplifting
individuals who challenge you to be better while
loving you for who you are.
写作运用提能
③您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的
建议吗?(应用文写作之求助信)
Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on
how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings ?
④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)绿树掩映,这个农
场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲
折折穿行其中。
Surrounded by green trees ,the farm is located at
the foot of the hill near our school. There is a small
river flowing through the farm.
5. charge vt.收费;控告;充电;(向……)冲n.收
费;指控;主管
佳句背诵
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens
can access the Science Museum free of charge / for free.
上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开
了热烈的讨论。
归纳拓展
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth. = accuse sb. of
(doing)sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth. 因某事/物收某人钱
charge at向……发起冲锋,扑向
(2)free of charge = for free免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
take charge of掌管(表动作)
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)As long as youve paid in advance,we
wont charge you delivery.
②Its hard to make a decision who would be the proper
person charge of the factory.
③Two women have been charged with kidnapping a
newborn baby.
写作运用提能
④张着血盆大口,这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来,冲向
我,就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描
写)
Opening its bloody mouth,the fierce hungry wolf
sprang to its feet suddenly, charged at me and was
about to eat me up in one gulp.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)作为我们学校
广播站英语节目《Talk and Talk》的负责人,我真
诚地邀请您参加我们的节目。
As the person in charge of the English program
“Talk and Talk” of our school radio station, I
sincerely invite you to participate in our program.
6. amount n.金额;数量v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
佳句背诵
(2023·全国甲卷)I have a large amount of
experience working with big data. I think Im well
qualified for the accountant position here.
我有大量处理大数据的经验。我认为我能胜任这里
的会计一职
。
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归纳拓展
(1)the amount of. . .……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达:
a large / small amount of + n.[U]+ v.(单数)
large / small amounts of + n.[U]+ v.(复数)
(2)amount to共计,总计;等于,相当于
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Its jawdropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”
(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to
large amounts (amount)of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
②A large amount of money was (be)spent on the
construction of the school last year.
写作运用提能
③青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨,这逐渐损害
了他们的健康。
The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year
by year ,which gradually ruins
their health.
④为了保持健康,有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。
(应用文写作之建议信)
In order to keep healthy, a proper amount of regular
exercise is quite necessary .
⑤(2021·6月浙江,读后续写)暑假期间我总共挣
了300美元,这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holiday
,which could help
support my family.
7. approach n.接近;方法;途径vt.接近;接洽;
着手处理vi.靠近
佳句背诵
With the MidAutumn Festival approaching,Id like to
invite you to join us in celebrating it.(邀请信)
中秋节快到了,我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。
归纳拓展
(1)an approach to(doing)sth.(做某事的)方法/途
径;接近,靠近
at the approach of在快到……的时候
(2)be approaching正在/将要接近
with. . . approaching在……快到的时候
approach sth. / sb.接近某物/某人
(3)approach表示“接近;靠近”时,为不可数名词;
表示“处理;对待……的方法;途径”时,为可数名
词,其后常与介词to搭配。
(4)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有:
the approach to(doing)sth.
the way to do / of(doing)sth.
the means of(doing)sth.
the method of(doing)sth.
(5)注意以下“用这种方法”不同的介词搭配:with
this method / in this way / by this means。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①With the Spring Festival approaching (approach),
we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
= the approach of the Spring Festival,we
could hardly contain our inner excitement.
②(2022·全国乙卷)The figures of the chart show
there are various approaches to learning (learn)
English beyond the classroom.
写作运用提能
③随着汽车靠近Brunswick,Vingo浑身颤抖,如坐针
毡。(心理描写)(with的复合结构)
With the bus approaching Brunswick ,Vingo shook
all over,feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
④简颤抖着站起来,向丈夫走去,扑进他的怀里,在
他的肩膀上哭个不停。(动作链描写)
Jane got to her feet shakily, approached her husband
and threw herself into his arms,sobbing uncontrollably
on his shoulders.
8. eager adj.渴望的;热切的
佳句背诵
(2021·全国甲卷,书面表达)Eventually,I am
strongly eager to know which aspects of traditional
Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.
最后,我非常渴望知道中国传统文化的哪些方面最
能激起你的好奇心。
归纳拓展
(1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness热切地;急切地
hide ones eagerness掩饰某人的渴望
(3)eagerly adv.热心地;急切地
eagerness n.热切;渴望
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)The thrilled twins
whispered to their father,“We are eager to cook
(cook)a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.
Not having enough cooking experience,we are eager
your timely help.
”
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写作运用提能
②当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时
候,他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描
写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his
birthday, the boy couldnt hide his eagerness .
9. The peaceful landscape of the“Emerald Isle”
and its many green counties is a true feast for
the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted
with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草
木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一
场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
佳句背诵
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The twins prepared the breakfast
with a card added on it,which said “Happy Mothers
Day”.
这对双胞胎准备了早餐,并在上面加了一张卡片,写
着“母亲节快乐”。
归纳拓展
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语,主要包括:
(1)with +宾语+ to do(表示将来的动作)
(2)with +宾语+ doing(表示主动或进行)
(3)with +宾语+ done(表示被动或完成)
(4)with +宾语+介词短语/ adj. / adv.
多维训练
单句语法填空
①With so many problems to settle (settle),the
newlyelected president could not sleep well at night.
写作运用提能
②Tom threw himself into his mothers arms and tears of
shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读
后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→Tom threw himself into his mothers arms, with
tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his
eyes .(用with的复合结构改写)
→Tom threw himself into his mothers arms,
.
(用独立主格结构改写)
③完成了所有的准备工作,他高兴地跳了起来,眼中
闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描
写)
With all the preparations made ,he jumped with
joy,his eyes glittering with excitement.
④(2022·天津卷,书面表达)随着时间的推移,越
来越多的学生和老师都渴望加入我们的英语口语
俱乐部。
As time goes by,more students as well as teachers
are eager to join our Spoken English Club.
→ With time going by ,more students as well as
teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club.
(用with的复合结构改写)
10. So what is the difference between them,
if any?
如果有的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么
呢?
佳句背诵
Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off?If
so,write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
你同意我推迟我们的云南之行吗?如果是这样,请
尽快回信告诉我。
归纳拓展
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句,相当于if(there
is / are)any. . .。
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
多维训练
if短语填空夯基
①(2020·天津卷)Has it been a while since your last
visit to a public library? If so ,you may be
surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the
better.
②If we can do that,we can keep up with the times.
If not ,we would always fall behind.
③ If possible ,please tell me what you need in advance.
④ If necessary ,our school will provide the students
with the language training courses.
写作运用提能
⑤如果你方便的话,我们早上8:30在校门外面见面。
如果不方便,让我知道什么时候最适合你。(邀请
信)
If its convenient for you,lets meet at 8:30 a. m.
outside the school gate. If not,let me know what
time suits you best
.
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BCDE%F=GH
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the
center was the Forbidden City, surrounded
(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the
Inner City and Outer City.
2. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some students are
initially scared of the insects and turned off by the
dirt,most are eager to try (try)something new.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)The adoption of the sugar tax
policy upsets customers (custom).
4.(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time,this ineffective
hiding method was interpreted as evidence that
children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的)
creatures.
5. The generous owner of the pub charged us only a
small amount of money wine and beer.
6. Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were
(be)used to make this kind of snack.
7. As well as eating (eat)a fivecourse meal,they
drank seven bottles of wine.
8. With time going (go) by,I can distinguish
between good and evil.
9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling (roll)sea of
clouds you see once you are at the top will remind
you how tiny we humans are.
10.(剑桥高阶)The street was full of boys roaring
(roar)up and down on their motorbikes.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and
thunder rolled.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Heres the good news. In a
wired world with constant global communication,
were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever
they appear.
③(2020·浙江7月卷)The helicopter landed near
our camp and its loud noises scared the bear. He
looked irritated and charged at us again.
④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Nicolo and another bidder
battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for
!
32.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly
people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the
North East,and the charity has been given financial
support to roll it out countrywide.
⑥(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally
been seen as a male hobby,the research shows it is
women now leading the charge.
2.选出crowd的汉语意思
A. n.人群;一群人 B. n.民众 C. v. (想法或
观点)涌入(脑子) D. v.聚集;涌向
①The air smelled of the best baked bread,and
customers soon crowded into the store,making the
street crowded.(场景描写) D
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for
the schools coach and asked him what had happened.
A
③The happy memory of getting along with my best
friend crowded in on me / crowded into my mind. C
④We all like to think we stand out from the crowd.
B
:;IJ%K6LM
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(日记)
1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①上周末,我和我的同学们参观了青岛的一个
村庄。
②这个村庄三面环山。
③村庄的西边有一个博物馆,展示了近十年来他
们的巨大成就。
④村庄的中心有一家工厂,每天生产大量的牛奶。
⑤宜人的环境和善良的人们给我们留下了深刻的
印象。
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使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“悲伤”
素材积累
必
备
单
词
形容词:sad,heartbroken,brokenhearted,sorrowful,heartstruck,distressing,blue,miserable,downcast,
gloomy,painful
副词:sadly,painfully名词:sadness,sorrow,gloom,pain,grief
动词:sadden,grieve
高
级
词
块
1. feel blue情绪低落 2. down in the dumps心情很难受
3. get a face like a wet weekend一脸愁云惨雾的 4. a gloomy feeling一种悲伤的情绪
5. be cut up伤心极了 6. break ones heart伤心绝望
7. in pain处于痛苦之中 8. have tears in ones eyes眼里含着泪水
9. be close to tears / be on the verge of tears快要哭了
10. have a lump in ones throat(因感动、悲伤而)哽咽,喉咙哽住
11. tears roll / run down ones cheeks泪水顺着脸颊淌下来
12. a sense / wave of loneliness / sadness一阵孤独/悲伤
13. be in tears含泪,泪流满面 14. burst into tears放声大哭,突然哭起来
15. somebodys eyes water(风、烟雾等)使眼睛淌眼泪 16. break down(因情绪失去控制而)痛哭,大哭
17. sob / weep with one s face hidden in one s hands掩面啜泣
18. cry ones heart / eyes out悲痛欲绝 19. be down / low in spirits情绪低落
20. be overcome with sorrow悲伤不已
21. with a heavy / sinking / sorrowful / broken heart怀着沉重/沮丧/难过的心
22. fight back tears抑制住泪水 23. ones heart sinks心沉下去
24. sadness comes in waves悲伤如潮涌 25. an ocean of sadness悲伤的海洋
素材运用
运用表格中的必备单词/高级词块,把下面的语篇补
充完整。
I was selected to represent my school in the
approaching contest this year. But I was so proud that I
neglected the importance of practicing for the contest.
On the day of the contest,I began to lose confidence in
myself and suffered from stage fright. In the end I
walked off the stage, 1. my eyes filled with tears (眼
里饱含泪水). Finally,results were announced after
the contest. I did not win any prizes. I bit my bottom lip
2. with sadness filling my heart (心里充满悲伤). I
dragged my heavy legs 3. with a sinking heart (心情
沉重)and moved out of the lecture hall. 4. I hung my
head in sadness,great sorrow clouding my eyes (我伤
心地垂着头,巨大的悲伤笼罩着我的双眼). On
entering the classroom, 5. disappointment and sadness
came in waves and tears streamed down my cheeks
(悲伤如潮涌,泪水从脸颊滑落). The next following
days,I felt like I was 6. floating in an ocean of
sadness . (我感觉正漂浮在悲伤的海洋里),not
wanting to do anything.
NOP<%QRST
真题感悟
(2021·全国甲卷)
When I was 9,we packed up our home in Los
Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on a gray
January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly
into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches
and endless bluesky days,I felt at a loss and out of
place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is
the center of British skateboarding,
where the
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continuous crashing of skateboards left your head
ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local
skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite:
Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont
worry about it. Once,when trying a certain trick on the
beam (横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve
in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:
Safe,man. Safe. A few minutes later,when I landed
the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:
“Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what mattered—
landing tricks,being a good skater.
When I was 15,my family moved to Washington. I
tried skateboarding there,but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years,Id given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004,I found
myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours
there. Ive traveled back several times since,most
recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear;
tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.
Weaving (穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on
their boards,I found my way to the beam. Then a rail
thin teenager,in a baggy white Tshirt,skidded (滑)
up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to
notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of
his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago,”I told
him. Then,slowly,he began to nod his head. “Safe,
man. Safe.”
“Yeah,”I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn about the author soon after he
moved to London? A
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What do the underlined words “Safe!Safe!Safe!”
probably mean? B
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Dont worry!
3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank
when he returned to London? D
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days.
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the
text? C
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for childrens health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
1. settle v.定居;安顿;平静下来;解决
2. skateboard n.滑板
3. bend n.拐弯处,弯道;弯曲
4. beat v.敲打;打败(某人);跳动
5. railthin adj.骨瘦如柴的
6. local n.当地人
7. pack up our home收拾好我们的家
8. feel at a loss感到不知所措
9. try a certain trick尝试某种技巧
10. a couple of years几年
11. catch a few of his glances稍微看了他几眼
12. out of place格格不入
13. what matters重要的是
(二)长难句突破
Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is
the center of British skateboarding, where the
continuous crashing of skateboards left your head
ringing.
分析:这是一个复合句,句子的主干是
Southbank is the center of British skateboarding ;
where引导非限制性定语从句 。
翻译:
温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[10]
"!'
take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible
grade?(如果你参加了在线课程,你能做些什么来确保尽可能好
的成绩?)”能承接上文,符合题意。故选F。
3. A 由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that
you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是
你可以随时随地学习。)”可知,在线学习具备的优势是可以让你
随时随地学习,本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题,故A选项
“But that doesnt mean there arent deadlines. (但这并不意味着没
有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系,that指代上一句话,符合
题意。故选A。
4. D 由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with
lower grades. (他指出,他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低。)”
可知,本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题,故D选项“Professor
Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex
Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课。)”能引起下文,下文中的
He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”,符合题意。故选D。
5. E 由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning.
There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink,an
undergraduate student,suggests taking online courses with a friend,
so you can motivate each other to stay on track. (社会关系通常是
学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本
科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程,这样你们就
可以互相激励,坚持下去。)”可知,本空要说跟“人们之间的互
动”有关的话题,故E选项“The chief complaint about online
courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱
怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文,符合题意。故
选E。
Ⅳ.【写作提示】
故事人物萨拉、安东尼、弗兰克
主要事件
萨拉的父亲安东尼每年都用心装饰家里,为圣诞节
做准备,却因病不幸离世,为了怀念父亲,萨拉和丈
夫弗兰克一直点亮着圣诞节的装饰灯。二月份的时
候,萨拉收到一封匿名信,让她关掉圣诞节的灯饰,
于是萨拉到网络社群里分享了这封信,并表达了自
己的愤怒。
情节分析
根据第一段提示语可知,第一段可描写萨拉发的帖
子在网上得到了很多善意的评论,夫妻二人深受感
动;根据第二段提示语可知,第二段可描写周围的邻
居都把圣诞节装饰彩灯挂了起来,萨拉夫妻二人被
邻居们的支持所感动。
参考范文:
Half an hour later,Frank rushed into the room excitedly,with his
phone in the hand.“Honey,your post goes viral!”exclaimed Frank.
Sara hesitantly took over the phone and found hundreds of likes and
comments under the post. Some expressed their grief over the loss of her
beloved dad and some showed anger toward the letter writer. While
slowly swiping her finger across the screen with her fingertip and
reading each comment,she was so moved that tears streamed down her
cheeks. And during the whole day Sara and Frank were bathed in the
neighbors kindness and warmth.
When night fell,Sara and Frank were surprised by what they saw
outside. Against the black night,she noticed the neighborhood was like
a sea of lights. With the catchy Christmas songs echoing softly,the
roofs of the buildings,the windows, the gardens, the trees, the
fences. . . all twinkled with colorful Christmas lights and were wrapped
with Christmas decorations. Undoubtedly, the neighbors had
collectively hung their lights back. Seeing that,Sara and Frank burst
into tears. For them,the dazzling lights were not only the honor and
memory of their beloved father,but also an overwhelming display of the
neighbors support.
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
必备知识·巧记活用
1 立体巧记单词
阅读词汇会认
1.墓地;公墓 2.哲学 3.后裔;后代;子孙 4.足跟;(脚、袜子、
鞋等的)后跟 5.(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟,致命的弱点
6.王国;领域 7.通货;货币 8.军事的;军用的 9.(陆上,尤指
乡村的)风景 10.祖宗;祖先 11.庭院;院子 12.牛 13.气味;
气息 14.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) 炖;煨 15.感觉的;感官的
16.过渡;转变;变迁 17.古罗马的;罗马的 古罗马人;罗马市民
重点词汇会写
1. Confucius 2. individual 3. chief 4. nearby 5. conquer
6. battle 7. port 8. charge 9. amount 10. gallery 11. approach
12. ensure 13. butter 14. honey 15. position 16. snack 17. county
18. feast 19. roll 20. dot 21. roar 22. ocean 23. pub 24. wine
25. beer
拓展词汇会变
1. puzzle puzzling puzzled 2. belong belonging 3. defence
defend defensive 4. legal illegal legally 5. crowd crowded
6. evidence evident 7. achievement achieve 8. location locate
located 9. fascinating fascinate fascinated 10. announce
announcement announcer 11. generous generosity 12. eager
eagerly eagerness 13. poet poem poetry 14. greet greeting
15. custom customer customs 16. striking strike
运用巩固提能
1. chief 2. surrounded 3. charge 4. amount 5. approaching
6. crowd 7. rolled 8. ocean 9. gallery 10. charge 11. to ensure
12. chiefly 13. ancestors 14. dotted 15. evident evidence
16. defensive defend 17. achieve achievement 18. announcer
announced announcement 19. crowded crowding 20. puzzled
puzzled puzzling
2 语境助记短语
写准记牢
1. join. . . to. . . 2. break away (from sb. / sth.) 3. belong to 4. as
well as 5. keep your eyes open (for) 6. add. . . to. . . 7. refer
to. . . as. . . 8. take over 9. leave behind 10. have a great influence
on 11. enter into 12. scent of 13. be dotted with 14. result in
语境运用
1. as well as 2. belong to 3. is joined to 4. broke away from
5. resulted in 6. leaving behind 7. be referred to as 8. take over
3 仿写速记句式
原句译背
1.联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称
的含义感到困惑。 2.如果有的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么
呢? 3.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面被称
为联合杰克的国旗。 4.他们在英格兰各地建造城堡,并对法律
体系进行改革。 5.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草
木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉
盛宴。 6.乡村景色如此优美,在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音
乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
仿写运用
1. what I had done for you 2. if any 3. founded in 4. had his leg
broken 5. with their hearts beating wildly 6. it is not surprising that
you feel sleepy today
核心考点·讲练提升
1.①broke away from ②break up ③broken into ④broke out
⑤broke down 2. ①belongings ②belonging ③that I feel a sense
of belonging 3. ①using ② is ③Our headteacher as well as five
student representatives was invited to deliver a speech ④seemed to
be torn as well 4. ① surrounding ②with ③how to adapt to the
unfamiliar surroundings ④Surrounded by green trees 5.①for
②in ③with ④charged at me ⑤in charge of the English program
6.①amounts ②was ③The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes
up year by year ④ a proper amount of regular exercise is quite
necessary ⑤amounted to 300 dollars 7.①approaching At
②learning ③With the bus approaching Brunswick ④approached
her husband 8. ① to cook for ② the boy couldnt hide his
eagerness 9. ① to settle ②with tears of shame and embarrassment
welling up in his eyes tears of shame and embarrassment welling up
in his eyes ③With all the preparations made ④With time going by
10.①If so ②If not ③If possible ④If necessary ⑤If not,let
me know what time suits you best
关键能力·对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. surrounded 考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它
被由内城和外城构成的同心圆包围。根据句子结构可知,空白
处应用非谓语动词作状语或作the Forbidden City的非限制性定
语。the Forbidden City与surround之间为被动关系,故应填动
词ed形式。
2. to try 考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然有些学生一开始害怕昆虫,
对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。be eager to
do sth.“渴望做某事”。
3. customers 考查词义转换。句意:糖税政策的实施使消费者感
到不安。由句意可知,故填customers。
4. that 考查同位语从句。句意:在很长一段时间里,这种无效的
隐藏方法被解释为证据——儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生
物。由句意可知,填同位语从句的连接词that。
5. for 考查介词。句意:慷慨的酒馆老板只收了我们少量的酒和
啤酒的钱。charge sb. . . . for sth.“因为某物向某人收费……”。
6. were 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:昨天人们用了大量的蜂
蜜和黄油来做这种小吃。由时间状语yesterday可知,
用一般过去时
—095—
态;再由large amounts of. . .可知,应该用复数。故填were。
7. eating 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们不仅吃了一顿五道菜的
饭,还喝了七瓶酒。as well as在此相当于介词in addition to,故
填eating。
8. going 考查非谓语动词。句意:随着时间的流逝,我能区分善与
恶了。此处是with的复合结构,go by与前面的time构成逻辑上
的主谓关系,故填going。
9. rolling 考查词性转换。句意:当你站在山顶时,你看到的滚滚
云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。由句意可知,填形容词
rolling“起伏的,周而复始的”。
10. roaring 考查非谓语动词。句意:大街上到处是些年轻小伙子骑
着摩托车来回呼啸而过。由句意可知,填动词ing形式作定语。
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.①vi.(雷或鼓)隆隆作响 ②vt.安置;把……放在适当位置
③vi.向……冲去 ④vi.竞争;较量 ⑤v.正式推出(新产品、服
务等) ⑥n.猛攻;冲锋
2.①D ②A ③C ④B
核心素养·双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
1.①Last weekend,I as well as my classmates paid a visit to a village
in Qingdao. ② The village is surrounded by mountains on three
sides. ③There is a museum located in the west of the village,
displaying their great achievements in the past decade. ④In the
center of the village is a factory,where a large amount of milk is
produced every day. ⑤ The pleasant surroundings and kind
people left a deep impression on us.
2.参考范文:
Last weekend,I as well as my classmates paid a visit to a
village in Qingdao,surrounded by mountains on three sides. There is
a museum located in the west of the village,displaying their great
achievements in the past decade. Besides,in the center of the
village is a factory,where a large amount of milk is produced every
day. The pleasant surroundings and kind people left a deep
impression on us. What a nice place!
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
素材运用
1. my eyes filled with tears 2. with sadness filling my heart 3. with a
sinking heart 4. I hung my head in sadness,great sorrow clouding my
eyes 5. disappointment and sadness came in waves and tears streamed
down my cheeks 6. floating in an ocean of sadness
直击高考·精准落实
真题感悟
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知,作者搬到伦敦后
感觉不知所措且无所适从。分析四个选项可知,A项中的
disappointed(沮丧的)准确描述了作者的心情。故选A。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知,成为一名好的滑行
者,落地技巧是重要的。再根据上句中的“when I landed the
trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting”可知,作者成功
进行了落地动作,周围的朋友夸赞作者“做得好”。故选B。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I found myself wandering
down to Southbank,spending hours there. Ive traveled back several
times since . . . Weaving (穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on
their boards,I found my way to the beam.”可知,作者在回到伦敦
后,花了数小时在Southbank漫步,并且去了多次,穿梭于玩滑板
的孩子中间,回忆起自己的过往。由此可推断,作者在重温儿时
美好的日子。故选D。
4. C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者从洛杉矶搬到伦敦后感到
不适应,后来在一个滑板运动中心交到了好朋友。作者15岁时,
一家人又搬到了华盛顿。他尝试在那里玩滑板,但滑板在那里并
不受欢迎,因此作者放弃了。作者多年后再次回到伦敦,重温小
时候在伦敦的经历。这些都显示出孩子需要归属感。故选C。
语言能力
(二)Southbank is the center of British skateboarding 非限制性定语
从句 泰晤士河东岸的南岸是英国滑板运动的中心,在这里,滑板
的撞击声不绝于耳。
练案[10]
Ⅰ. A
语篇导读:本文主要介绍了伦敦通票不仅便利而且省钱,以及
购买此通票的相关信息。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The London Pass is a digital
sightseeing credits package that gives you access to over 80
attractions in the city with a relatively lower cost.”可知,伦敦通票
是一种数字观光积分套餐,可以让你以相对较低的成本游览伦
敦80多个景点。由此可知,伦敦通票可以帮助游览伦敦并节省
费用。故选B。
2. B 细节理解题。根据文中的“Download the pass to your phone
and plan your sightseeing tours with the app.”可知,使用伦敦通票
前需先下载应用程序。故选B。
3. C 细节理解题。根据“What are our bestsellers?”部分第二条“3
Day Pass:Child £ 77. 00 Adult £ 116. 00”可知,两个大人一个
小孩购买三天通票的费用为116 × 2 + 77 = 309。故选C。
B
语篇导读:作者简要介绍了法国最大的城市之一——马赛,并讲
述了自己在那里吃饭的经历以及越来越多人来马赛居住的原因。
4. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“one of Frances largest cities
and its main trade seaports”和“Some small shops”以及“busy
streets”可知,马赛是法国的一座大城市和主要贸易海港之一,有
各类小商店和繁忙的街道,由此可推知,马赛是一个商业化的城
市。故选B。
5. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“when I see the price at one
place I am shocked:69 euros”以及“No bowl of soup should cost
that much.”可知,作者放弃鱼羹是因为太贵了,即收费不合理。
故选A。
6. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,新来者来到马
赛是为了寻找更轻松的地中海式生活,即为了过一种轻松悠闲
的生活。故选D。
7. D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章重点介绍了马赛的城市信息
和作者吃饭的经历,且根据倒数第二段第一句可知,马赛吸引了越
来越多的年轻人前来,这说明本文的主要目的是介绍马赛的吸引人
之处,由此可推知,本文可能出自杂志的旅游栏目。故选D。
C
语篇导读:本文主要说明了第一个全力投入实现“零浪费”的欧
洲国家首都卢布尔雅那在垃圾处理方面所采取的措施和收获的成效。
8. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The air is clean and the only
signs that we are standing above a 24metre (79 feet)deep landfill are
the methane(甲烷;沼气)gas pipes rising from the grass.”可知,从草
里冒出来的管子的作用是排放垃圾填埋场产生的甲烷。故选C。
9. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Four years later the city began
collecting biodegradable waste door to door”可知,卢布尔雅那自
2006年起开始挨家挨户收集可生物降解垃圾,由此可知,可生物
降解垃圾的收集是义务性的;再根据画线词下文“across Europe
in 2023,but Ljubljana was nearly two decades ahead of the curve”
可知,欧洲2023年才强制要求对生物垃圾进行单独收集,而卢
布尔雅那在这方面领先了近20年。由此可推知,画线词意思是
“强制的”。故选A。
10. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The results have been
impressive. . . putting it at the top of the recycling leaderboard of
EU capitals.”可知,作者认为卢布尔雅那变化后的结果是令人
赞叹的,因此作者持支持态度。故选A。
11. D 文章出处题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要说明了卢布尔
雅那是第一个全力投入实现“零浪费”的欧洲国家首都,并介绍
了其在垃圾处理方面所采取的措施和收获的成效。由此可推
知,文章可能选自“环境保护”版面。故选D。
Ⅱ. 语篇导读:本文主要介绍了一项心理学研究,该研究表明在
城市环境中散步和在自然环境中散步会给人们带来不同的影响,前者
可能会使人们的思维变缓并增加精神负担,后者则与之相反。
1. C 考查逻辑推断。文中第一句提到在城里散步不同于在公园
散步,紧接着阐明研究结果——在城市环境中散步会加重你的
思想负担,同时使你放慢行走的速度,设空处后一句提到“它”可
以使你精神放松、加快你的节奏,那么设空处应是介绍“在自然
中散步”的情况,结合选项可知,C项(然而,在大自然中漫步却
恰恰相反。)符合语境。故选C。
2. G 考查逻辑推断。根据第二段第一句“The first of the two
experiments. . .”可知设空处需要引出这两个实验。G项(该研
究包括两个实验,这两个实验采用两种不同的方法。)符合语境。
故选G。
3. E 考查语境推断。空前内容描述了实验的外部条件设置,空后
的内容是实验的结果——人们在城市的环境下行走感觉更不舒
服,故设空处应该为实验的步骤之一。结合选项可知,E项(每
次散步结束后,参与者被要求为他们在两种环境下的不舒适程
度打分。)符合语境。故选E。
4. B 考查语境推断。根据空后内容可知,本段描述的是一个不同
的实验。设空处应起到承上启下的作用,指出后面的内容与第
二个实验有关。结合选项可知,B项(第二个实验深入研究了一
些更高层次的认知过程。)符合语境。故选B。
5. F 考查语境推断。空前是实验的结果,空后一句是对该实验结
果的进一步分析,由此可推知,设空处也应是对实验的结论做出
的解释。结合选项可知,F项(原因是城市环境更容易让人分
心。)符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ. 语篇导读:本文介绍了建于17世纪的摩西桥依靠特殊的
结构将水面分开,从远处几乎看不到这座桥,建造大桥的材料是世
界上最好的热带木材,木材表面有无毒抗菌涂层并用锡箔包着,能
防止木材被腐蚀。
1. the 考查冠词。句意:早在17世纪,一系列护城河和塔楼保护
着荷兰的这一地区免受西班牙和法国侵略者的入侵。“
in + the
—195—