Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)

2024-09-30
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( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 UNIT 4  NATURAL DISASTERS (主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害) !"#$%&'()     Disasters such as tornadoes,droughts,floods,landslides,volcanic eruptions,typhoons,hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another,causing great damage to many countries. In summary,the earthquake has the worst effects. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 deaths. 90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people suffered a lot. Food,water and electricity were hard to get. Everywhere the shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks,deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end. Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped,buried the dead,and built shelters in the open air. With unified efforts and wisdom of all people,the city revived itself and began to breathe again. Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis. The tsunami that struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines. Huge waves swept away many people. Foreign countries aided these areas by delivering food and supplies by helicopters. (Tips for emergency which affects people greatly:※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home) *+,-%.(/0 12.(3) 阅读词汇会认 1. whistle vi.               vt.               n.               2. tornado n.(pl. oes oros)               3. drought n.               4. tsunami n.               5. volcanic eruption               6. evacuate vt.               vi.               7. helicopter n.               8. crack n.               vi.& vt.               9. brick n.               10. metal n.               11. revive vt. & vi.               12. revival n.               13. unify vi. & vt.               14. volcano n.(pl. oes oros)               15. typhoon n.               16. hurricane n.               重点词汇会写 1.           n.灾难;灾害 2.             vi. & vt. (slid)(使)滑行;滑动→             (过去式)→           (过去分词) 3.           n.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使 灌满水;淹没 4.           n. & vt.营救;救援 5.           vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失 6.           vt.摧毁;毁灭 7.           n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8.           n.汽油;气体;燃气 9.           n. & vt.破坏;毁坏 10.           n.百分之……adj. & adv.每一百中 11.           vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险 境;陷阱 12.           vt.埋葬;安葬→           (过去 式)→           (过去分词) 13.           n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 14.           n.上下文;语境;背景 15.           n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt. 供应;供给 16.           vi. & vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头; 轻叩;轻敲 17.           n.管子;管道 18.           adj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使 镇静 19.           n.援助;帮助;救援物资vi. & vt. (formal)帮助;援助 20.           vt. & vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞 21.           vt. & vi.打扫;清扫→           (过 去式)→           (过去分词) 22.           n.海浪;波浪vi. & vt.挥手;招手 23.           vi. & vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;                                        罢 !%# ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( 课;袭击→           (过去式)→           (过去分词) 拓展词汇会变 1.           n.死;死亡→           adj.死的→           adj.致命的→           v.死亡 2.           vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→           n.效果;结果;影响→           adj.有效的→           n.喜爱 3.           n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使) 震惊→           adj.令人震惊的→           adj.感到震惊的 4.           n.电;电能→           adj.电的; 用电的→           adj.电子的 5.           vi. & vt.呼吸→           n.呼吸→           adj.气喘吁吁的 6.           n.智慧;才智→           adj.明智 的→           adj.不明智的 7.           vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤 等)受苦→           n.受难;苦楚 8.           vi. & vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷 出→           n.喷发 9.           vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→           n.幸存;生还→           n.幸存 者;生还者 10.           n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→           adj.强大的;强壮的→           adj. 无力的 11.           n.突发事件;紧急情况→           adj.紧急的→           vi.浮现;出现 12.           vt. & vi.递送;传达vt.发表→           n.投递;送交 13.           n.总结;概括;概要→           vt. & vi.总结;概括 14.           n.长;长度→           adj.长的→           v.(使)变长→           adj.漫长的; 冗长的 运用巩固提能 1.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood  (洪水)had hit the area earlier that year and the damage  (损失)it caused had driven away a number of birds. 2.(牛津高阶)A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue  (营救)with a generous donation. 3. (剑桥高阶)The accident seemed to have completely / totally destroyed   (摧毁) his confidence. 4.(剑桥高阶)They opened a shelter  (避难所)to provide temporary housing for the citys homeless. 5.(朗文当代)Twenty miners were trapped  (使落入 险境)underground. 6.(剑桥高阶)His father is buried  (埋葬)in the cemetery on the hill. 7.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial aid  (援助) and other benefits for local peoples. 8.(剑桥高阶)The police have warned the public that the killer could strike  (侵袭)again. 9.(牛津高阶)The earthquake caused damage to  property estimated at ! 6 million. 10.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Let your pen follow the waves  (wave)of thought. 11.(2022·全国甲卷)It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts  (努力)can we have a better tomorrow. 12.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)When approaching the finish line,he burst into a big toothy smile and waved  (挥手)to me with excitement. 13. She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded  (大量涌入)in. 14. A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins  (废墟). 15. Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly  (calm)can we solve problems in a better way. 16. (朗文当代)She heard the wind whistling  (whistle) through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf. 17.(牛津高阶)Whos that tapping  (tap)at the window? 18. People were shocked  to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother. The shocking  news shocked  all the people around.(shock) 19. We measured the length  of the area and found it was just three meters long  and thus,we needed to lengthen  it.(length) 20. He takes a deep breath  and breathes  in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe) 21. Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival  . Thanks to the swimming skills,he and his friend succeeded in surviving  the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors  .(survive) 22. I have much affection  for my mum,whose words and actions have a positive effect  on me. I was deeply affected  by her. (effect) 23. The deadly  disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths  up to now.(dead) 24. When you write a summary   of an article, summarizing  the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary) 25. When an emergent  incident emerges  ,you can immediately call the emergency   call. (emergency                                                                          ) !%$ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 &'4(#& 写准记牢 1.                 像往常一样 2.                 似乎;好像;仿佛 3.                 结束;终结 4.                 严重受损;破败不堪 5.                 ……的数量 6.                 除……以外什么也不;只有;只 不过 7.                 震惊;吃惊 8.                 掘出;发现 9.                 张贴;搭起 10.                 露天;在户外 11.                 急救箱 12.                 现有(尤指帮助) 13.                 消灭;彻底消除 14.                 拒绝做某事 15.                 至少 语境运用 1.(牛津高阶)His career lies in ruins  . 2.(剑桥高阶)I was in shock  for about two weeks after the accident. 3.(剑桥高阶)A 1,200strong military force will be on hand  to monitor the ceasefire. 4.(剑桥高阶)A large wave swept away  half the sandcastle. 5.(朗文当代) As usual  ,theyd left the children at home with Susan. 6.(剑桥高阶)The story was nothing but  lies. 7.(2022·浙江1月卷)The world wont             in most cases just because you left a few things                         undone. 【词汇拓展记忆】 后缀al名词荟萃 “ABB”型不规则动词 “in + n.”短语面面观 ①survive→survival n.幸存;生还 ②revive→revival n.振兴;复苏 ③arrive→arrival n.到达 ④propose→proposal n.提议,建议 ⑤approve→approval n.批准,认可 ①sweep,swept,swept打扫;清扫 ②deal,dealt,dealt处理;交易;对付 ③slide,slid,slid(使)滑行;滑动 ④ fight, fought, fought (与……)作战; 战斗 ⑤flee,fled,fled逃走;逃避 ⑥strike,struck,struck / stricken侵袭;突击 ①in return作为回报 ②in detail详细地 ③in control在控制之内 ④in shock震惊;吃惊 ⑤in order井然有序 ⑥in place在适当的位置 567(89 原句译背 1. too. . . to. . .太……而不…… Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.     2. as if引导表语从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.     3.主语+ be + adj. + to do Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.     4. those who. . . Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.     5.现在分词短语作结果状语 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.     6. be doing. . . when. . .正在做……突然…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.     仿写运用 1.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)人们开始锻炼永远不会太晚。     2.(2022·浙江1月卷,读后续写)他看着我好像我 不在那里一样。 He looked at me as though I werent there  . 3.(2023·华南师大附中期末)我们公司欢迎那些容 易相处的人                                 。 !%% ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( Those who are easy to get along with  are welcome to our company. 4.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)他说,但那些参加不那么激烈 的运动的人的心并没有改变。 But the hearts of those who  participated in less intense exercise didnt change,he says. 5.不幸的是,他的父亲去世了,使得他的家境更加 困难。 Unfortunately,his father died, leaving the family even worse off  . 6.(2021·浙江卷)母亲正要把杂货放进购物袋,这 时一个陌生人向她走来。 My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her           . :;<=%>?@A 1. affect v.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染 佳句背诵 (2021·天津卷,征文投稿)Affected by those selfless doctors,I have developed a deep affection for the career. 在这些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。 归纳拓展 (1)be affected by受……的影响;被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 (2)effect n.影响;结果;效果 have an effect / influence on / upon对……产生影响 take effect起作用;产生效果 come into effect开始实施 side effect副作用 (3)effective adj.有效的 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective  (effect)at getting grizzlies away. 写作运用提能 ②(2020·浙江卷,应用文写作)得知你由于感染了 重病而回爱尔兰,我非常抱歉。 Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected with a serious / severe illness  ,I am terribly sorry about it. ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)总的来说,英 文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中 数不清的感人故事深深感动。 In summary,the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly / has a great effect on me  . I am often deeply affected by  countless moving stories in the newspaper. 2. shock vt.(使)震惊n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事 佳句背诵 If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own,you may feel a cultural shock. 如果你旅行的地方的风俗与你自己的完全不同,你 可能会感到文化冲击。 归纳拓展 (1)be a shock to. . .对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock吃惊地,震惊地 (2)shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked at sth. / that. . .对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 (3)shocking adj.令人震惊的 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins in  shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. ②All of us were shocked  at the shocking  news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock) ③I was shocked to hear  (hear)the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously. The news was       shock to us. 一句多译提能 ④(2020·浙江,读后续写)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked. →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in, which shocked Elli and me / which made Elli and me shocked  .(用which引导的非限制性定语 从句改写) → What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in  .(用what 引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写) 3. bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏 佳句背诵 With so many people buried under the ruins,none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. 由于有这么多人被埋在废墟下,没有一个救援人员 会停下来休息。 归纳拓展 bury sth. in. . .把某物埋在…… bury ones face in hands双手掩面 bury ones sorrow in wine借酒消愁 bury oneself in = be buried in埋头于,                                                            专心于 !%& ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 多维训练 一句多译夯基 ①He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands. (读后续写之动作描写) →He wept sadly, burying his face in his hands  . (用doing作状语改写) →He wept sadly,                           . (用with的复合结构改写) →He wept sadly,                           . (用独立主格改写) 写作运用提能 ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)我每天专心读 英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。 I bury myself in / am buried in reading the English newspaper every day  and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →                                         , I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词 短语作状语改写) 4. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤 等)受苦 佳句背诵 The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering pains. 他们脸上的笑容深深打动了我,激励我致力于去帮 助那些遭受痛苦的人。 归纳拓展 (1)suffer from遭受……折磨;患……病 suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫 suffer pain / defeat / loss / poverty / hunger / hardship遭受 痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难 (2)suffering n.[U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦/ 疼痛/困难;[C]痛苦;苦恼的事 sufferer n.患病者;受苦者;受难者 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The project is also being used to help patients suffering  (suffer)from dementia (痴呆),a serious illness of the mind. ②People of the disaster area suffered a lot from  the typhoon,and water supplies and electricity were hard to get. 写作运用提能 ③生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们 更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句) There are always some ups and downs in our lives, but it is the suffering that makes us stronger  . 5. effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 佳句背诵 As we all know, without efforts nothing can be achieved. 众所周知,不努力则一事无成 归纳拓展 make an / every effort to do sth.努力做某事 spare no effort / efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 be worth the effort努力是值得的 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid  (avoid)the charge,according to Treasury figures. ②(2022·全国甲卷)With the efforts made  (make)by both sides,we began to understand each other better. 写作运用提能 ③让我们现在就开始,每一分钟都不遗余力地做好 点滴。 Lets start right now and spare no effort to do  a little bit every minute. 6. survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸免;幸存;艰难度 过;生还;比……活得长 佳句背诵 (2021·全国甲卷)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.(英译汉) 西安城墙是中国漫长历史中所留下来的最完整的 城墙。 归纳拓展 (1)survive on靠……存活下来 survive sth.幸免于;从……中活过来 A survive B(by +时间)A比B活得长(……) (2)survivor n.幸存者 survival n.幸存;生还 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①We will do everything in our power to help those survivors  (survive)in the tornado. ②(牛津高阶)His only chance of survival  (survive) was a heart transplant. ③(浙江卷)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe,surviving entirely on  discarded(丢弃 的)food. ④Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness                                                                          , !%' ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( she still survived her husband by  5 years. 写作运用提能 ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在 雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句) Life isnt about how to survive the storm  ;its about learning to dance in the rain. ⑥(2022·全国甲卷)没有海洋,任何生物都无法生 存,包括人类。 Without the oceans, no living things would survive, humans included / including humans  . 7. calm vt.使平静;使镇静adj.冷静的;平静的 佳句背诵 (牛津高阶)Its important to keep / remain / stay calm in an emergency. 情况紧急的时候,保持镇静是重要的。 归纳拓展 (1)calm sb. / oneself down让某人/自己冷静下来 calm ones nerves镇定神经 calm the pain减轻痛苦 (2)be / stay / keep / remain calm保持镇静 (3)calmly adv.平静地;冷静地 calmness n.镇静 易混辨析 calm 平静的,沉着的;指无风浪或人的心情不 激动 quiet 宁静的,安静的;指没有声音、不吵闹或心 里没有烦恼、焦虑 silent 寂静的,沉默的;指不说话或没有声音 still 静止的,不动的;指(人体等)无运动的 多维训练 选词填空夯基 ①当面对危险时,要保持冷静;照相时,要保持不动; 其他人睡觉时,要保持安静;而在课上,不应该对 老师的问题保持沉默。 When facing danger,one should keep calm  ;when taken photos, one should keep still   ;when someone else is asleep,one should keep quiet  ;in class, one shouldnt keep silent   about the teachers questions. 完成句子提能 ②他深深地吸了几口气,使自己平静下来。 He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down  . 8. on hand现有(尤指帮助) 佳句背诵 (朗文当代)Our staff are always on hand to help. 我们的工作人员随时准备提供帮助。 归纳拓展 (1)in hand在手头;可供使用 at hand在手边;即将到来 by hand手工;靠人工 hand in hand手拉手;密切关联 with ones hands用自己的双手 give / lend sb. a hand帮助某人 on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . .一方面……另 一方面…… (2)hand in上交;呈交 hand out分发 hand over移交 多维训练 用hand短语填空夯基 ① On the one hand      theyd love to have kids,but on the other hand  they dont want to give up their freedom. ②The neighbours are always willing to lend a hand  . ③Help was at hand  . ④The fabric was painted by hand  . ⑤Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand  . ⑥ The emergency services were on hand   with medical advice. ⑦(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I handed in  the essay to my teacher,he read it,laughed out loud, and said,“Great. Now,write it again.” 写作运用提能 ⑧(北京卷书面表达)在出发去农场的路上,老师强 调了亲力亲为的重要性。 On the way to the farm,our teacher stressed the importance of working with our own hands  . 9. sweep vt. & vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫 佳句背诵 The students were sweeping up when I entered the classroom.(应用文写作之学校生活) 当我走进教室的时候,学生们正在打扫卫生。 归纳拓展 sweep away消灭;完全打消 sweep up打扫;清扫 sweep aside清理掉;肃清;漠视;置之不理 sweep through掠过(某地);蔓延 多维训练 单句语法填空 ① (2022·全国甲卷)Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside  much of its past, including many of its finest                                                                          buildings. !%( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 ②(2020·浙江卷)I hope my good news for you will sweep away  the shadow of disease. ③(牛津高阶)Rumours swept through  the town. 10. strike vt. & vi. (struck,struck / stricken)击 打;罢工;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵 袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起n.罢工; 罢课;袭击 佳句背诵 What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people. 给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。 归纳拓展 (1)be struck with / by被……所袭击(感动) It strikes / struck sb. that. . .某人觉得……;某人突然想 起…… sth. strike(s)/ struck sb.某人想到…… strike fear / terror into ones heart使某人感到害怕/恐惧 (2)be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 (3)stricken adj.受灾的,患病的,受苦的 striking adj. 惊人的,显著的,引人注目的 名师点津 表示“突然想起”的表示还有: It hits / hit sb. that. . . It occurs / occurred to sb. that. . . 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①The workers are coming out on  strike for higher wages,which is a shock to the government. 写作运用提能 ②被他为我所做的事情所感动,我不能自已,感激的 泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写) Because I was struck by what he had done for me  , I couldnt contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. → Struck by what he had done for me  ,I couldnt contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) ③(2021·1月浙江卷,读后续写)我突然想到我可 以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。                                   I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. 11. in ruins严重受损;破败不堪 佳句背诵 The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.(应用文之场景描写) 地震过后,整个城市成了一片废墟,使我们彻夜未眠。 归纳拓展 (1)be / lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭 fall / come into ruin成为废墟;毁灭 (2)ruin n.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;使破产 ruin ones hope / health毁掉某人的希望/健康 多维训练 单句语法填空 ① 90 percent of houses lay in  ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there. 一句多译提能 ②(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night and it nearly ruined his health. →The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night, which nearly ruined his health  . (用which引导的非限制性定 语从句改写) →The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night,                       .(用现在分词短语作状语改写) 12. as if / though似乎;仿佛;好像 佳句背诵 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. 孩子们对她很友好,甚至尊敬她,好像她是他们自己 的母亲。 归纳拓展 (1)as if相当于as though,意为“似乎,好像”,用在 seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if / though还可引导方式状语从句。 (2)若as if / though从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟 语气。 ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词 用一般过去时(be动词一般用were); ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词 用过去完成时(had +过去分词); ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词 用would / could / might +动词原形。 名师点津 若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大,则不用虚拟 语气。 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①Listen,the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if there is  (be)an emergency. ②When a pencil is partly put into a cup of water,it looks as if it were  (be)                                                                          broken. !%) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( 写作运用提能 ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)大卫坚持跑步, 好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里 内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses  ,though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. ④树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶 猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之 心理描写) It is dark in the woods. It seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush  . The more she thinks of this,the more frightened she is. ⑤(2022·浙江1月卷,读后续写)我觉得他对待我 就好像我会阻止他,让他在课程中无法获得A。 I felt he treated me                           and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. 13. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然海水开 始灌到我家。 佳句背诵 Some children were sliding on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help.(动作描写) 一些孩子正高兴地在冰上滑着,这时他们突然听到 有人呼救。 归纳拓展 句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when 表示“这时突然”之意,还用于以下三种句型: (1)be about to do. . . when. . .正要做……突然…… (2)be on the point of doing. . . when. . .正要做……突 然…… (3)had(just)done. . . when. . .刚做完……这时突 然…… 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Henry was fixing  (fix)his car when he heard the screams. 写作运用提能 ②我们正要离开时,隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的 响声。 We were about to leave / were on the point of leaving when  a big noise came from the next room. ③(2023·浙江1月卷)我正站在车旁,这时一只蜂 鸟飞到我们群的中央,开始盘旋。 I was standing by the car when  a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. ④我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。 I had just escaped from the burning house when  it                                       fell to the ground. BCDE%F=GH Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find Xiao long bao prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed by  hand rather than rolled. 2. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming  (calm)effect on / upon  Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Terri,who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth,South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期)comes to  an end. 4.(2023·浙江1月卷)I was just about to leave when  the hummingbird appeared. 5.(北京卷)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making  (make)it one of the most popular events in gardening. 6. (2022·浙江1 月卷)With help from Tesla, Westinghouses firm developed a system using alternating current,which soon became the major forms of power delivery  (deliver). 7.(2020·浙江卷)The last thing I saw was Dons face,looking calmly  (calm)back at me. 8.(2022·浙江1月卷)Data collection was a lengthy  (length)process. 9.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work  (work)from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 10.(2022·全国甲卷,应用文写作)Whats more,we can also hand out  leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep.               ②When we visited the old family home,past sweet memories came flooding back.               ③She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.                                             !%* ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?               2.选出strike的汉语意思 A. v.打动  B. v.使突然想起  C. n.罢工  D. v.(灾 难、疾病等)袭击  E. v.敲钟 ①When I entered the room,the clock had just struck 10.   E  ②(2021·天津3月卷)More importantly,every year a large number of tourists are struck / stricken by the charm of the famous sights in Beijing.   A  ③They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay.   C  ④A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of people.   D  ⑤(2021·浙江1月卷)It suddenly struck me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.                 B  :;IJ%K6LM Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(发言稿——在线学习) 1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我忽然想到在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。     ②许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程,这既扩大 了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(非限 制性定语从句)     ③使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。 (主语从句;表语从句)     ④从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。     ⑤尽管这个问题很难解决,我们应该不遗余力地 帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。(主语+ be + adj. + to do)     2.                                   使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 动作描写之“动动脚” 素材积累 必 备 单 词 walk走                          run跑                      crawl爬行 creep匍匐爬行 scramble攀登 climb攀登 march行走,快步走 sneak偷偷地走 jump跳 tread踩,踏 tramp步行 stagger / stumble蹒跚 limp跛行 tiptoe用脚尖走 pace来回踱步 wander漫步;闲逛 leap / skip / spring跳跃 slip溜走,滑倒 hop单脚跳 dash猛冲;急奔 chase追逐 race快速奔跑 rush急速行进 thunder轰隆隆地快速移动 step迈步;踩,踏 kick踢 flee逃走 高 级 词 块 1. make ones way前往= head to                  2. feel ones way摸索着前进 3. fight ones way奋勇前进 4. push ones way挤出去 5. wind ones way蜿蜒前行 6. elbow / force ones way挤着向前走 7. rise / get to ones feet站起来 8. jump / leap to ones feet跳起来 9. drag ones feet拖着脚步 10. tap / stamp ones feet跺脚 11. put ones feet up跷起脚休息 12. shaky / trembling legs颤抖的双腿 13. cross ones legs盘腿 14. drag ones heavy legs拖着沉重的双腿 !&! ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( 素材运用 运用表格中的必备单词/高级词块,把下面的语篇补 充完整。     Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother Kelly was driving through rural Alabama. He was asleep on the front seat of their truck 1.                 (盘起双腿). Suddenly ,the truck turned over down to a valley. Rocky moved out from under Kelly, 2. slid  (溜进)through the open window and tried to pull his mother out. But she didnt move. Rocky 3. crawled  (爬行)back into the truck and managed to push Kelly out of the crashed truck. He then told her theyd 4. climb  (攀爬)up to the road and stop a car to get help. Hearing the encouragement from Rocky,Kelly picked up the hope and 5. felt her way  (摸索着前 进)in the dark. It was midnight when they reached the road. Due to tiredness,Rocky fell down at the moment he 6. stepped  (迈步)on the ground. However,he 7.                   (颤抖着站起来),yelling out aloud for help. Fortunately,a car stopped and the mother and son were rushed to the hospital. It took 8 hours to rebuild Kellys face. Rocky 8.                   (踱来踱 去),waiting worriedly outside the operation room. The fiveyearold boy just couldnt stop crying his heart out. No sooner had the doctor told Rocky his mother was fine than he 9. dashed into  (冲进)the room. Until his mother was asleep,then he 10. tiptoed  (蹑手蹑脚 地)                        quietly out of the room. NOP<%QRST 真题感悟 (江苏卷)     El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by ! 15 billion,partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nio,in 199798,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth ! 36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水 道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effects—and the poorer the country,the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio,reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 1. What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?                                             D  !&" ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 A. It is named after a South American fisherman. B. It takes place almost every year all over the world. C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 2. What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected? C  A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B. Droughts become more harmful than floods. C. Rich countries gains are greater than their losses. D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that A  . A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nio deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first 4. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? D  A. To introduce El Nio and its origin. B. To explain the consequences of El Nio. C. To show ways of fighting against El Nio. D. To urge people to prepare for El Nio. 理清脉络 语言能力 (一)高级词块 agricultural adj.农业的 recovery n.恢复 causal adj.构成原因的,因果关系的 term n.术语 gain v.获利 (二)长难句突破 El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. 分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从 句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Nio was named by South American fishermen;a Spanish term for “the Christ child”作同位语  ,对El Nio做进一步的解 释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的 宾语  从句和which引导的定语  从句。 翻译:                   温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[5]                                                                  !&# 要慢慢进入训练,不要跑太多太快,G项“专家建议每周增加跑 步距离不超过10%”符合,指出不要跑太多。故选G。 3. A  此处是本段小标题,即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一,根据下 文“Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weightloss goals,but this couldnt be further from the truth. Running is a highimpact activity which can be really hard on your body. So its important to give your body a rest between workouts.(初学者可能认为他们需要每天(或 几乎每天)跑步才能达到健身或减肥目标,但这与事实相差甚 远。跑步是一项高影响力的活动,对您的身体来说确实很困难。 因此,在锻炼之间让身体休息很重要。)”可知,新手跑步者不休 息,A项“没有休息日”符合。故选A。 4. F  根据本段标题“Not wearing the right equipment(没有佩戴合适的 装备)”可知,本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有佩 戴合适的装备,下文“its important that you wear properly for your workouts.(锻炼时正确穿着很重要。)”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要, 空处也应与“佩戴合适的装备”有关,F项“虽然你可能确实不需要 昂贵的设备来开始跑步”符合,其中“equipment”呼应标题中的“the right equipment”,虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步, 但是锻炼时正确穿着很重要。故选F。 5. D  下文“If something hurts when you run,you need to stop and treat the pain. (如果跑步时感到疼痛,则需要停下来治疗疼 痛。)”指出跑步时如果感到疼痛,应该停下来,这说明有时候跑 步会让人感到疼痛,D项“跑步有时会感到不舒服”符合,引起下 文,下文介绍了感到疼痛时该如何做。故选D。 Ⅲ.     语篇导读:本篇文章主要介绍了有规律的锻炼不但有利于 身体健康,而且能提高学生的学习成绩。 1. avoiding   考查非谓语动词。句意:你已经知道了这样一个事 实:定期锻炼对控制体重和避免各种健康问题很重要。本空与 前面的“controlling. . .”是平行结构,应用动名词作介词for的宾 语。故填avoiding。 2. performance  考查名词。句意:但它也可以提高你的学习成绩。 空前academic为形容词,其后需接名词。故填performance。 3. to put  考查非谓语动词。句意:但是努力把锻炼日程付诸实践 是非常值得的。effort的后置定语一般用不定式。故填to put。 4. was published  考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这项 发表在一本杂志上的研究将体育活动描述为一种能产生汗水和 沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。定语从句中谓语动词需根据从句主语判 断;从句主语which指代先行词study,为单数。根据语境可知, 此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。 5. a  考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知,此处表示 “一种剧烈的运动”,为泛指,再由空后单词读音可知应用不定冠 词a。故填a。 6. more likely  考查形容词的比较等级。句意:迈克·麦肯齐发现,每 天学习超过3小时的学生成为锻炼者可能性是(其他人的)3. 5倍。 3. 5 times暗示了是倍数表达法的句型,因此要用likely的比较级。 故填more likely。 7. said  考查动词的时态。句意:十多年前,麦肯齐说研究人员发 现儿童运动和注意力集中之间具有某种联系。根据“Over a decade ago”可知,时态应为一般过去时。故填said。 8. between  考查介词。句意见上一题解析。a link between. . . and. . . 意为“……和……之间的联系”,为固定用法。故填between。 9. which / as  考查定语从句。句意:珍妮弗说,大学生往往长时间 坐着,这会对健康产生负面影响。考查非限制性定语从句,关系 词指代的是前面的动名词短语,且在非限制性定语从句中充当 宾语。故填which / as。 10. particularly  考查副词。句意:这可能对那些既有全职工作又 在晚上和夜间学习的学生特别有益。空后的beneficial是形容 词,修饰形容词要用副词。故填particularly。 Ⅳ.参考范文: Su Bingtian stands out as a 100meter runner. Not only did he break the Asian Games record,but he competed with Usain Bolt many times. Why do I like him?On top of his talent for sprint,what impresses me most is his intense training. His diligence and persistence have pushed his running career to new heights. I learned a lot from him. In our studies and lives,as long as we hold on to our dreams and never give up,we will become better versions of ourselves. UNIT 4  NATURAL DISASTERS 必备知识·巧记活用 1  立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.吹口哨;发出笛声  吹口哨  哨子(声);呼啸声  2.龙卷风;旋 风  3.旱灾;久旱  4.海啸  5.火山喷发  6.疏散;撤出  撤离  7.直升机  8.裂纹;裂缝  (使)破裂  9.砖;砖块  10.金属 11.复活;(使)苏醒  12.振兴;复苏  13.统一;(使)成一体 14.火山  15.台风  16.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 重点词汇会写 1. disaster  2. slide  slid  slid  3. flood  4. rescue  5. damage 6. destroy  7. shelter  8. gas  9. ruin  10. percent  11. trap 12. bury  buried  buried  13. effort  14. context  15. supply 16. tap  17. pipe  18. calm  19. aid  20. crash  21. sweep  swept   swept  22. wave  23. strike  struck  struck / stricken 拓展词汇会变 1. death  dead  deadly  die  2. affect  effect  effective  affection 3. shock  shocking  shocked  4. electricity   electric   electronic   5. breathe  breath  breathless  6. wisdom  wise  unwise  7. suffer suffering  8. erupt  eruption  9. survive  survival  survivor 10. power  powerful  powerless  11. emergency  emergent  emerge 12. deliver   delivery   13. summary   summariz(s)e   14. length   long  lengthen  lengthy 运用巩固提能 1. flood  damage  2. rescue  3. destroyed  4. shelter  5. trapped  6. buried  7. aid  8. strike  9. to  10. waves  11. efforts  12. waved 13. flooded  14. ruins  15. calmly  16. whistling  17. tapping 18. shocked  shocking  shocked  19. length  long  lengthen 20. breath  breathes  21. survival  surviving  survivors  22. affection effect  affected  23. deadly  deaths  24. summary  summarizing  25. emergent  emerges  emergency 2  语境助记短语 写准记牢 1. as usual  2. as if  3. come to an end  4. in ruins  5. the number of. . .   6. nothing but  7. in shock  8. dig out  9. put up  10. in the open air  11. first aid kit  12. on hand  13. sweep away  14. refuse to do sth.   15. at least 语境运用 1. in ruins  2. in shock  3. on hand  4. swept away  5. As usual 6. nothing but  7. come to an end 3  仿写速记句式 原句译背 1.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋里去。  2.仿佛世界末日即将来临。  3.很难得到水、食物和电。  4.地 震刚刚过去,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废 墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。  5.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的 海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚 以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。  6.我正和我的三个 孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。 仿写运用 1. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.   2. as though I werent there  3. are easy to get along with  4. those who  5. leaving the family even worse off  6. when a stranger came up to her 核心考点·讲练提升 1.①effective  ②you are affected with a serious / severe illness ③affects me greatly / has a great effect on me   I am often deeply affected by  2.①in  ②shocked  shocking  ③to hear  a  ④which shocked Elli and me / which made Elli and me shocked  What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in  3. ①burying his face in his hands   with his face buried in his hands  his face buried in his hands  ②bury myself in / am buried in reading the English newspaper every day   Buried in reading the English newspaper every day  4.①suffering  ②from  ③but it is the suffering that makes us stronger  5.①to avoid  ②made  ③spare no effort to do   6. ① survivors   ② survival   ③ on   ④by   ⑤how to survive the storm   ⑥ no living things would survive, humans included / including humans  7.①calm  still  quiet  silent  ②calm himself down  8.①On the one hand  on the other hand  ② lend a hand  ③at hand  ④by hand  ⑤hand in hand  ⑥on hand ⑦handed in  ⑧stressed the importance of working with our own hands 9.①aside  ②away   ③ through / with   10. ①on   ② I was struck / with by what he had done for me  Struck by what he had done for me ③It suddenly struck / hit / occurred to me that   11. ① in   ②which nearly ruined his health  nearly ruining his health  12.①is  ②were ③as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses  ④there were a fierce beast behind every bush  ⑤as though I would hold him back  13. ①was fixing  ②were about to leave / were on the point of leaving when ③ was standing by the car when   ④ I had just escaped from the burning house when 关键能力·对点习得 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. by  考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现小笼包的制作方式不 同——更多的馅,汤少,外皮是用手压的,而不是卷起来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。 2. calming  on / upon  考查非谓语动词和介词。句意:此外,                                                                          在花 —975— 园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中 的许多人都有情绪控制问题。第一空用动词ing形式作定语; 第二空固定短语have an effect on / upon“对……有影响”。 3. to  考查介词。句意:特里现在和朋友在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯 租了一套房子,她说DIY还能让她在租约到期时避免损失任何 押金。comes to an end“结束”。 4. when  考查固定句型。句意:我正要离开,这时那只蜂鸟出现 了。be about to do. . . when. . .“正要做……突然……”。 5. making  考查非谓语动词。句意:该活动庆祝其22周年,并展 示了最好的园艺,使其成为园艺中最受欢迎的活动之一。动词 ing形式作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。 6. delivery  考查词性转换。句意:在特斯拉的帮助下,威斯汀豪斯 的公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统,交流电很快成为电力输 送的主要形式。由句意可知,把动词deliver变成名词形式。 7. calmly  考查词性转换。句意:我最后看到的是唐的脸,他平静 地看着我。此处用副词修饰动词短语look at。该题极易误判为 系表结构。 8. lengthy  考查词性转换。数据收集是一个漫长的过程。由句意 可知,填形容词修饰名词。 9. to work  考查固定句型。句意:当你修改你的草稿,直到它太乱 无法再用了,你可以把你的改变输入到你的文字处理器。too. . . to. . .“太……而不……”。 10. out  考查动词短语。句意:更重要的是,我们还可以分发传单, 呼吁更多的人保护海洋。hand out“分发”。 Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.①n.小山  ②v.大量涌入  ③n.休克  ④v.留存/吸收 2.①E  ②A  ③C  ④D  ⑤B 核心素养·双写培优 Ⅰ.应用文写作运用 1. ① It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.   ② Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses,which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.   ③ What shocks us / What makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.   ④It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run. ⑤Although / Though / While the problem is difficult to handle,we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction. 2.参考范文: It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students. Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses,which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.However, what shocks us / what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games. As far as Im concerned,it will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run. Although / Though / While the problem is difficult to handle,we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction. Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 素材运用 1. with his legs crossed  2. slid  3. crawled  4. climb  5. felt her way 6. stepped  7. rose to his feet on shaky legs  8. paced up and down  9. dashed into  10. tiptoed 直击高考·精准落实 真题感悟 1. D  细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源, 发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normally blow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。 故选D。 2. C   细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Rich countries gain more. . .”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据, 文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第 三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重 的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中 “Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”故选C。 3. A   推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.”句意为: 然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾 后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just 的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提 及,D项弄反了作者的观点。故选A。 4. D  作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其 危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预 报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做 好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节 代替写作目的。 语言能力 (二)同位语  宾语  定语  厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语“圣婴现象” 的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模 式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。 练案[5] Ⅰ. A     语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月 7日,加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因 此,自1996年以来,一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学 物质,使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是,在艾 伯塔省中东部的农民们担心,“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处,宝贵的水 分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 1. B  细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(飞机在有威胁的风暴中 心播撒一种化学物质,使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一 样落下。)”可知,这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。 2. A   细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in eastcentral Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是,在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心,“冰雹计划”飞 行的下风处,宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷 走。)”可知,艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。 3. C  推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. ‘In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,’Dr. Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.’(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从 俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家,他对人工降雨的安全性持 怀疑态度。‘1999年,我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细 胞形成的重大龙卷风,’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分?当然,没有人真正知道,但是播 种还在继续。’)”可推知,多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的 龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。 4. D  推理判断题。根据最后一段“Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloudseeding companies. Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证 据,没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此,私人气候 工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知,从最后一段我 们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。 B     语篇导读:本文主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为 的研究,以及希望能够提供准确的震前预警。 5. D  词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on prequake abnormal animal behavior”以及表 转折的词but可知,这些地震前动物异常行为的报告大多是传 闻,即未经证实的描述,D项符合题意。故选D。 6. D  细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berklands theory. He didnt document every prediction, so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.”可知,科学界仍然拒 绝接受伯克兰的理论,因为他没有记录每一个预测,所以没有人 能衡量他的准确率。由此可知,伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝,是 因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。 7. A  细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,一组研究人员正在寻找 动物行为和地震之间可能存在的联系。如果他们找到可靠的联 系,这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在驱动一款应用程 序,让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。因此,ICARUS项目的最 终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。 8. B  推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,地质学家温迪·博洪认为动 物行为很难确定,比如她的猫,在有人用开罐器的时候也表现得很 疯狂。由此可推断,温迪·博洪对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。 Ⅱ.     语篇导读:本文主要从Jess的视角展现了森林火灾对其家 乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的积极态度。 1. B  由下文内容可知,Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子 之一。suffering“痛苦”。故选B。 2. A  根据语境可知,Jess已经被救出来了,此处是指她回忆 (recalled)森林火灾发生的情形时仍害怕。故选A。 3. C  根据语境可知,此处是指天空变成了血红色,余烬在我们周 围飞舞。故选C。 4. A  根据第二段第一句的“with fear”和Jess对火灾的描述可知, 她很恐惧火灾,所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影做比较,体现 Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。故选A。 5. D  根据空后的“and. . . could not be broken”和语境可知,Jess和 她的家人待在当地的船上,居民在这里应是寻求安全。故选D                                                                          。 —085—

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Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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