Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures 课件-【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019必修第二册）

Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第二册 目 录 Lead-in Present perfect passive voice Present perfect voice Relative Adverb Lead-in： 被动语态复习 一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明_________和__________之间的关系。 二、语态的种类：___________和____________ 主语 谓语动词 主动 被动 挑事儿： If you think you're such a tough guy, then hit me. You hit me! Come and help me! I was hit / beaten. 主动语态变被动语态的原则 “三变” 例：They are building nine parks. 原句主语 by的宾语 宾语 主语 谓语由主动 被动 “三不变” 原句意思不变 原句时态不变 原句主谓宾以外成分不变 Nine parks _________________ by them. are being built I have lost my watch. I lost my watch. ------- 现在完成时：强调过去和现在的联系，与现在情况有关系，是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着，不能够与in1998 ,three days ago 和just now 等明确的过去的时间状语连用. 一般过去时：强调过去发生的事或状态，纯属过去，与现在情况没有关系,只是表示动作是发生在过去，因此一般过去是可以和表示明确的过去的时间状语连用. 现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时 现在完成时与现在完成时被动语态的动词形式 找出下面句子的谓语结构，哪些是主动？哪些是被动？ Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 被动 主动 主动 被动 现在完成时谓语结构 主动 被动 have/has done have/has been done ......已经被...... Present perfect voice： 表示 开始，一直持续到 的动作。 过去 现在 past future now for “持续”+段时间，如three years, a long time… e.g. I have known you for a long time. since“自从”+过去的时间点/动作 e.g. I have not seen him since we met last week. A B 时间状语 延续性动词 Present perfect voice： 2 表示 发生的或 的动作对 造成的 。 过去 已完成 现在 影响或结果 past future now eg: China's high-speed railways(高铁) have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years. It's convenient for people to travel over long distances. So far, the little boy has learnt 200 words. He can understand this story Present perfect voice： 时间状语 already 已经(肯定句) yet 已经（否定句或者疑问句） recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 Present perfect passive voice： Look at the way your face has been washed Look at the way your teeth have been brushed Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned You’d better do them again. Look at the way the flowers have been planted Look at the way the grass has been cut Look at the way the paths have been swept I hope that you’ll come here again. 现在完成时被动语态的定义： 同现在完成时一样: 表示动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。 被动语态: “be + 过去分词”表示“被动” Present perfect passive voice： 现在完成时 被动语态 have/has been done 现在完成时的被动语态 be done have/has done(动词的过去分词） How do we form the present perfect passive voice? 现在完成时的被动语态 Present perfect passive voice： 现在完成时的被动语态 肯定形式： His homework has been finished. 否定形式： His homework has not been finished. 一般疑问句: Has his homework been finished yet? 特殊疑问句： How long has his homework been finished? 主语+have/has been done... 主语+have/has not been done... have/has+主语+been done...? 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...? 结构形式 Present perfect passive voice： 用法 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。例：The machine has already been repaired. 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...?”句型中。 例：Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. How long has this film been shown? Present perfect passive voice： 注意 1. 现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别 The machine has been repaired.（说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响） The machine is being repaired now.（说明动作正在进行） The machine was repaired yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去） 2. 非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。 例：工程已开始三个月了。 The project has been started for three months.（F） The project has been gone on for three months.（T） Present perfect passive voice： 提示 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： already 已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 by now 到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 Present perfect passive voice： 总结 1. 现在完成时的被动语态中been 一定不能忘记。 2. 注意break, catch, teach等动词的过去式和过去分词 的不规则变化形式。 3. 不及物动词（短语动词）没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, die, appear, break out, belong to等。 Present perfect passive voice： 时态 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在时 过去时 将来时 am / is / are done am / is / are being done was / were done shall / will be done was / were being done had been done shall / will have been done has / have been done The basic composition of passive voice 现在完成时的被动语态 含义 结构 表示过去发生的被动动作现在已经完 成或仍将持续, 强调对现在的影响 have/has been done 形式 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 have/has been done have/has not been done Have/Has+主语+been done? 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done? 用法 表示已经完成的被动动作 表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在 表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果 注意事项 动词短语不可分割也不可省略其中的介词和副词 不及物动词或词组无被动 Thank You ! Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第二册 $$