Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一Unit4 The night the earth didn’t sleep 1 目录 CATALOG 01 02 03 Pre-reading While-reading Language points 2 01 Pre-reading 3 标内容 标题内容 What natural disasters do you know? volcanic eruption flood wildfire drought tsunami tornado landslide earthquake 4 标内容 标题内容 What can happen to a city and the people during a big earthquake? Thousands of buildings will ____________________. Many people will be ______ or ____________. fall down badly hurt / be destroyed trapped 5 标内容 标题内容 The bridge will be _________ and too dangerous to cross. The railway tracks will be ______________________. People will be _______________. The whole city will lie _________. useless pieces of metal frightened/in shock in ruins damaged 6 02 While-reading 7 标内容 标题内容 1. What’s the main idea of the passage? The passage mainly talks about a/an___________(what) that happened in _________ (where) in ______(when). earthquake Tangshan 1976 3. In what order is the text written? A. Time B. Space C. Feeling 2. What’s the type of this text? A. a news report B. a literary journal（报告文学） C. a novel 报告文学是散文的一种，介于新闻报道和小说之间，兼有新闻和文学的特点的散文。报告文学是运用文学艺术，真实、及时地反映社会生活事件和人物活动的一种文学体裁。 While reading---Skimming for main idea. 8 标内容 标题内容 Find the main idea and the topic sentence of each paragraph. The first and last sentences of each paragraph usually give us the main idea. Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 The happening of the big earthquake. The rescue work after the earthquake The damage of the big earthquake. The revival of the city. Warning signs before the earthquake. 9 标内容 标题内容 Strange things were happening. In the village wells In the farmyard In the field In the sky Para. 1 Read Para. 1 and find out the supporting details. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 10 标内容 标题内容 The _______caused by the earthquake The suffering of the people At _________, everything began to shake. ___ kilometers directly below, …damage more than ____ kilometers… _______ of the nation felt the earthquake. A huge crack that was __ kilometres long and___ metres wide cut across... In less than___ minute, a large city lay in ruins. 3:42 a.m. 1/3 8 30 1 ___________ of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. ____________ of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or ….reached more than ________. 2/3 400,000 11 150 Thousands Please read para. 2 and finish the chart. Para. 2 to show the earthquake was very ________ and it caused a lot of _________ to people and the city. to make the article more ____________ and ___________ . serious damage convincing shocking Why does the writer use so many numbers? The earthquake is so serious. And what did the city look like after the quake? damage 11 标内容 标题内容 There was nothing but ruins. Buildings/factories/homes/hospitals bricks Bridges/tracks Cows/pigs/chickens Para. 3 What is people’s attitude? Water/food/electricity People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. Please read para. 3 and find the destroyed things. noun. Hopeless 12 标内容 标题内容 The army sent 150,000 soldiers to dig out … bury The workers Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Doctors and nurses came …provide medical care Para 4 _______after the earthquake rescue Why does the author say “hope was not lost”? slowly, the city began to breathe again People from all over the country Because of _________________, Please read para. 4 and answer the questions. built shelters for survivors whose homes… the timely rescue Hopeful Attitude Who came to the rescue? What did they do? 13 标内容 标题内容 How was Tangshan able to revive itself? What has Tangshan City proved to China and the rest of the world? With strong support from government and tireless efforts of the city’s people. In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. Please read para. 5 and find the answers. 14 标内容 标题内容 What does Tangshan city look like now? Para 5 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. come back to life/recover 15 标内容 标题内容 The change of people's feeling hopeful unaware shocked hopeless The city's one million people were asleep as usual that night. People were shocked. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. positive … a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. Finish the mind map about the change of people's feeling according to the passage. 16 标内容 标题内容 Besides the timely help after the earthquake, what can we do before and during the earthquake to reduce damage? Please discuss with your group members. Discussion 17 标内容 标题内容 Don’t be nervous and keep calm. Don’t try to run out of the classroom immediately. Sit down under your desk. Protect your head by putting your bag on your head. If possible, run to the schoolyard. Think and discuss with your group member. How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake at school? 18 标内容 标题内容 Summary 19 标内容 标题内容 Tangshan Earthquake Before the earthquake ·The water in the village wells ①___________ and fell again and again. ·Animals in the farmyards became too ②__________ to eat. During the earthquake At 3：42 am everything began to ③____________. And hard hills of rock became rivers of ④____________. Damages of the earthquake Over 400，000 people were killed or ⑤____________ in the earthquake. And nearly everything was ⑥____________. rose nervous shake dirt injured destroyed Fill in the blanks according to the text. 20 标内容 标题内容 The help from the whole nation Soldiers dug out those who were ⑦________ and buried the dead. Medical workers came to provide medical ⑧_______. Workers built ⑨________ for survivors. The great success people have achieved The new city has taken on a new look, with great ⑩_______________ in transportation, industry, and environment. trapped care shelters improvements Fill in the blanks according to the text. 21 03 Language points 22 01 rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 标内容 标题内容 [知识拓展] rescue worker救援人员 come/go to sb’s rescue前来/去营救(某人) rescue...from...从……营救…… rescuer n．救助者 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①She seemed to be waiting for someone to come ______ her rescue. ②This boy ________(rescue) from the running river. ③A wealthy businessman came to ________(they) rescue with a generous donation. 答案： ①to ②was rescued ③their 23 02 damage vt.损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失 标内容 标题内容 [例句]The earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。 [例句]You have damaged my bicycle.You won’t have it again. 你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。 [例句]Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach. 一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。 [知识拓展] (1)cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害；损伤 (2)do＋n.＋to短语: do harm to ＝ be harmful to＝be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处 do good to sb.＝do sb.good＝ be good for sb.对……有好处 do wrong to冤屈，冤枉 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①The heavy rain didn’t do much damage ______ the crops. ②Her heart __________(damage) as a result of the disease. 答案：①to ②was damaged 24 03 destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 标内容 标题内容 [例句]A fire destroyed the house.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。 [例句]The school was completely destroyed by fire.学校被大火彻底烧毁了。 [例句]All his hopes were destroyed.他所有的希望都破灭了。 [知识拓展] destruction n. [U]破坏；毁坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的；造成破坏的 destroy one’s confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰 [趁热打铁]用destroy的适当形式填空 ①The strong earthquake left death and _______________ behind it. ②The town ________________ in the war, but the library remained. ③It is the most _______________ storm in 20 years. ④With more forests ____________, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 答案：①destruction ②was destroyed ③destructive ④destroyed 25 04 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动；感动 标内容 标题内容 经典例句 [例句]He was much affected by the sad news.这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。 [例句]The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales. 这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。 [知识拓展] be affected by...被……侵袭；被……感动 effect n．影响 have an effect /influence on...对……有影响 in effect实际上 take effect开始实行；开始生效 bring/put sth.into effect使某物开始使用 come into effect (尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①Alcohol has a very bad effect___________drivers. ②In these years,the tax increases ___________(affect)us all． 答案：①on ②have affected 26 05 shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护　vt.保护；掩蔽　 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 标内容 标题内容 [例句]Many of the children in the shelter are orphans. 收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。 [例句]Human beings need clothing, food and shelter.人类有衣、食、住的需求。 [例句]They enjoy their picnic under the shelter of the tree.他们在树荫下享受野餐 [例句]Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。 [知识拓展] take shelter from...躲避 under the shelter of...在……的庇护下 shelter from 躲避... shelter..... from....保护...免受... [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①Though she was a common person, she ____________(shelter) by the USA． ②He managed to build a little but out of driftwood to shelter him ________bad weather. 答案： ①was sheltered ②from 27 06 ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 标内容 [例句]The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 [例句]If you go on like this, you’ll ruin yourself. 如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了你自己。 [知识拓展] in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 come/fall into ruin严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉 bring sth.to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏 ruin oneself自取灭亡 28 07 词义辨析：damage，destroy，ruin 标内容 标题内容 damage，destroy和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。 damage n.& v． 通常是指部分性损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。用作名词时常用于do/cause damage to sth. destroy v. 通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中 ruin n.&v． 指彻底毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法，在表示真正具体摧毁或破坏某幢建筑物时，通常不用ruin [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①That mistake __________(ruin) his chance of getting the job. ②This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be ______ ruins. 选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy) ③The car was only slightly ___________ in the accident. ④They totally __________ my life after that conversation. ⑤Their house was completely ___________ in the hurricane. 答案：①ruined  ②in  ③damaged ④ruined ⑤destroyed 29 08 shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.(使)震惊 标内容 标题内容 [例句]He has never recovered from the shock of his father’s death. 他一直没有从他爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来。 [例句]I was shocked by the way he treated his own mother. 他对待自己母亲的方式令我震惊。 [例句]We are very shocked to hear that the goods are damaged. 得知货物损坏的消息，我们感到非常震惊。 [知识拓展] in shock震惊；吃惊 a shock to sb.令某人震惊的事 to one’s shock令某人震惊的是 shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.震惊地做某事 shocking adj.令人震惊的 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①Lincoln’s death was a piece of surprising news.The whole nation was ___________(shock) at the sad news. ②Logan’s death was pointless—that was part of the reason we were ______ shock. ③O.Henry’s short stories always gave the readers ____________(shock) endings. 答案：①shocked ②in  ③shocking 30 09 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱 标内容 标题内容 [例句]During the fire, he was trapped in the building. 火灾发生时，他被困在大楼里。 [例句]Some people like to trap old people into buying some useless things. 有些人喜欢诱骗老年人买些无用的东西。 [例句]The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下圈套来捉拿窃贼。 [知识拓展] be trapped under/in...被困于…… trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人干某事 set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①They were trapped ______ the burning hotel. ②The fox and the dog both fell into _____ trap set by the farmer. 答案：①in  ②the 31 10 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心 标内容 标题内容 [例句]Bury the old world and build a new one.埋葬旧世界，建设新世界。 [例句]He buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。 [例句]His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out. 他的身体被埋在雪里，但是头伸在外面。 [例句]Buried in his study, he didn’t know that the others had left. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人已经离开了。 [知识拓展] bury...in/at...把...埋藏在... bury oneself in 埋头于；专心致至于；隐居于 be buried in 埋头于；专心于 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①His head was buried ______ the book he was reading. ②He often ________(bury)himself in the country to write a book last year. ③In the evenings he buried ________(he) in his books. 答案：①in  ②buried  ③himself 32 11 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 标内容 标题内容 [例句]The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe. 空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。 [例句]The doctor asked me to breathe in, then to breathe out fully. 医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。 [知识拓展] breathe (sth.) in吸气；吸入…… breathe (sth.) out呼气；呼出…… breath n．呼吸 hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 out of breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气 take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气 lose one’s breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气 breathless adj.喘不过气来的；无风的 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out ______ breath. ②They hold _________(they) breath when they watched the match. 答案：①of  ②their 33 12 标内容 标题内容 [例句]The local clubs are making an effort to attract more young people. 地方俱乐部正在努力来吸引更多的年轻人。 [例句]They spared no effort to improve people’s life. 他们不遗余力地改善人民的生活。 [例句]She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort. 她深吸一口气，费力地慢慢坐起身来。 [知识拓展] make efforts 努力；尽力 make efforts/an effort to do sth.(尽一切)努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事；竭尽全力做某事 ①The prisoner made an effort ____________(escape), but he couldn’t climb the prison wall. 句型转换 ②They are trying their best to prevent the river from being polluted.  →They are _____________________ to prevent the river from being polluted.  →They are ___________________ to prevent the river from being polluted. 答案： ①to  ②making every effort; sparing no effort effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 34 13 标内容 标题内容 [例句]Many people are still suffering from starvation. 很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。 [例句]Japan is suffering another disaster because of the nuclear leak. 日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。 [知识拓展] suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from...受……折磨；患……病 suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n．患难者；患病者 趁热打铁： ①The old man went through a lot of ______________(suffer) in the old days. What’s worse, he suffered ________ heart attack when he was in his eighties. ②A lot of money has been collected to help those _____________(suffer) from the floods. 答案：①sufferings  ②from  ③sufferers suffer vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 35 14 标内容 标题内容 [例句]They set up a special committee to look into the matter. 他们设立了一个专门的委员会来调查此事。 [例句]They decided to set up a new school.他们决定建一所新学校。 [知识拓展] set off 出发；动身；开始 set out 出发；动身 set about (doing sth.) 开始(做某事) [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①—Have great changes taken place in your village? —Yes.A new school was set _________ in the village last year. ②We set about __________(paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day. 答案： ①up ②painting set up设立；建立 36 15 标内容 标题内容 [例句]The meeting has come to an end.会议已经结束了。 Their quarrel came to an end finally. 他们的争吵终于结束了。 [知识拓展] be at an end结束 at the end of...在……的尽头 by the end of...到……末尾为止(常和完成时连用) reach the end of the line/road穷途末路 in the end最终；最后 make ends meet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in _______ end. ②The summer vacation came to ______ end at last. 答案：①the ②an  come to an end结束；终止 37 16 标内容 标题内容 [例句]They dug out an old vase.他们挖出了一个旧花瓶。 [例句]I tried to dig out the truth.我设法探出真相。 [知识拓展] dig into 挖掘；深入钻研 dig up 找出；查明 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 I must remember to dig _______ that book for you. dig out掘出；发现 答案：into 38 17 标内容 标题内容 句式一:It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 仿佛整个世界末日即将来临。 [知识拓展] as if的用法： As if意为“仿佛，好像”，与as though 同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。 ①as if/as though 引导表语从句,主句中的系动词常用 look,appear, seem, sound 等。 [例句]Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if/as though it’s going to rain.乌云密布,看起来好像要下雨了。 [例句]It sounds as if/as though you had a good time.听起来你好像玩得很开心。②as if/as though 引导方式状语从句。 [例句]I remember the whole thing as if/as though it happened yesterday.我记得整件事情,就好像它发生在昨天一样。 39 18 标内容 标题内容 句式二：Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. [知识拓展]“主语+系动词+表语+to do” 在“主语+系动词+表语+动词不定式”结构中,表语一般为性质形容词,常用的性质形容词有 easy，hard，difficult，safe，interesting，heavy, light，pleasant, good, nice,comfortable,dangerous，impossible 等。此句型可转换成“It+be+adj.+动词不定式”的结构。 特别注意： ①在该结构中,当不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。 [例句]He is not easy to get along with. =It is not easy to get along with him.他不好相处。 [例句]The book is very interesting to read. =It is very interesting to read the book.这本书读起来很有趣。 ②当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要在其后加上适当的介词。 [例句]The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comfortable to sit on.= The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comfortable to sit on the chair.这把椅子看起来很硬,但实际上坐上去很舒服。 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ①This machine is very easy_________(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. ②The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_________(hold). ③I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________(breathe). 句式二：①to operate ②to hold ③to breathe 40 19 标内容 标题内容 句式三：Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. [知识拓展]常接动词不定式作宾补的动词          send sb to do sth 中,sb 为宾语,不定式 to do 为宾语补足语,两者构成复合宾语。 常用动词不定式作宾补的动词还有: advise(建议),allow(允许),ask(要求),command(命令),encourage(鼓励), invite(邀请), persuade(说服),prefer(更喜欢),tell(告诉)等。 [趁热打铁]单句语法填空 ① First of all, please allow me_________(introduce) myself to you. ②Tom's brother who is now a doctor always encourages him_________(study) hard and go to college. ③The Chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith_________(speak) at the meeting. 答案：句式三：①to introduce ②to study  ③to speak 41 Thanks 42 $$