Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元过关检测卷（一）-【金版教程】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册作业与测评word（人教版2019）

英语 选择性必修·第二册[人教版]作业与测评 单元过关检测卷(一) 　　时间：120分钟　　　满分：150分 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 Text 1 M：I haven't turned on my air­conditioner at all this summer. W：That's surprising, considering how hot it's been lately. 1．What does the woman find surprising? A．The man does not have an air­conditioner. B．The man has not been using his air­conditioner. C．The summer has been unusually hot. 答案：B Text 2 M：Please tell us when the big fire broke out. W：Let me think. I got home from work at 7 o'clock. Then I called my mother at 8. About an hour later, when I was about to go to bed, suddenly I heard a cry for help outside. 2．When did the fire probably break out? A．At about 7. B．At about 8. C．At about 9. 答案：C Text 3 W：Good morning. May I help you, sir? M：Yes, could I change these pounds for dollars, please? W：Do you want small bills or large ones? M：It doesn't matter. 3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a bank. B．In a department store. C．In a ticket office. 答案：A Text 4 W：Which is your favorite TV channel? M：I like to watch the news channel. W：Don't you watch any other channels? M：Sometimes I also watch the discovery channel, the history channel and some sports channels. 4．Which program does the man like best? A．News. B．History. C．Sports. 答案：A Text 5 W：I'd like to order a cup of tea. How about you, Alex? M：I usually drink apple juice. But I am so sleepy so I'd like to have some coffee today. 5．What would the man like to order? A．A cup of tea. B．Some apple juice. C．Some coffee. 答案：C 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 Text 6 W：Are you all alone, Tom? Why not ask Mike to help you collect money for the Children's Centre? M：Well, he's working on his lab report. Could you come? W：I'd love to, but I won't be available until next week. I think Cathy will have some free time this week. Do you want me to pass on a message? M：That'd be nice. Thanks, Jane. 6．What is Tom busy doing? A．Raising money. B．Writing a lab report. C．Giving classes to children. 答案：A 7．Who might be able to help Tom this week? A．Mike. B．Cathy. C．Jane. 答案：B 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 Text 7 M：After hours of conference, they've finally agreed on a cleaning schedule. They're starting on the hallways this afternoon. W：It's about time. They're dirty! What about the front office? And the cafeteria? M：The front office is scheduled for cleaning on Wednesday. I don't know about the cafeteria, but I suppose they'll get to it someday soon. W：Well, I hope they get to it before the end of next week. I'm giving a workshop that Friday, and I need to use the cafeteria space. 8．Which place will be cleaned today? A．The hallways. B．The front office. C．The cafeteria. 答案：A 9．What will the woman do next week? A．Hold a workshop. B．Design a schedule. C．Host a dinner. 答案：A 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 Text 8 M：What did you find there, Lisa? W：Oh, Dad. It's a wallet. I found it in the parking lot near the shopping mall just now. There was nobody nearby, so I brought it home. It looks very pretty. M：Yes, it's a really beautiful wallet! What's in it? W：Oh, about 60 dollars in cash. M：60 dollars? What are you going to do with it? W：I don't know. Maybe I should try to find the person who lost it. But how can I find the owner? M：Check to see if you can find any information about the person who lost the wallet. W：Ah, yes. There are some business cards with a man's name and telephone number on them. M：OK, you should call that man. He will be really glad to get his wallet back. W：Yes, I'm sure he will. I will call him after dinner. M：I think that man is probably very worried now, so you'd better call him right away. W：OK, I will call him immediately. 10．In which place did Lisa find the wallet? A．A park. B．A parking lot. C．A shopping mall. 答案：B 11．What is inside the wallet? A．A photo of a person. B．Some paper and an ID card. C．Some money and business cards. 答案：C 12．Who does the wallet probably belong to? A．A businessman. B．An old lady. C．A school boy. 答案：A 13．How will Lisa get in touch with the wallet's owner? A．By asking the police for help. B．By making a telephone call. C．By waiting where she found the wallet. 答案：B 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 Text 9 M：Elizabeth, you're finally home. I told you that you had to be home by ten o'clock! That's been your time to come home all year. Why are you almost an hour late? W：Dad, I'm so sorry. I know I should have been home forty­five minutes ago. I left on time, I promise. But there was a lot of traffic on the way back from Jessica's house. I didn't want to get into an accident. I did the best I could. I'm so sorry. M：Those are the rules, Elizabeth. Your mother and I were worried about you. You could have at least called and told us what was happening. Now go to your room. You won't be able to do anything with your friends for a week. W：Okay, Dad. I understand. I'm really sorry. I know I should have called. It won't happen again. 14．How is the man feeling? A．Sorry and regretful. B．Understanding but sad. C．Concerned and angry. 答案：C 15．When did Elizabeth get home today? A．At 10：00 pm. B．At 10：45 pm. C．At 11：00 pm. 答案：B 16．Why was Elizabeth late? A．She was stuck in traffic. B．She got in an accident. C．She forgot about the time. 答案：A 17．What did the man decide? A．Elizabeth cannot use her phone for a week. B．Elizabeth cannot see her friends for a week. C．Elizabeth has to come home early for a week. 答案：B 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 Text 10 Rachel Carson is the first scientist who gets people thinking about the way we humans are causing everlasting damage to the Earth. At first, she wrote books about oceans, but gradually she became aware of the danger of chemicals like DDT and the way they can harm the whole of the food chain. She wrote her classic book Silent Spring in 1962 to explain how humans and nature are connected. The title of Silent Spring refers to the fact that one day all the birds might be dead so they won't be able to sing in the springtime. The agricultural and chemical industries reacted very badly to the book and said she was unprofessional. But further research by other scientists proved that she was right about the dangers of chemicals used to kill insects. Nowadays there is an improvement in farming practices, but unfortunately things in general are still getting worse, rather than better. We still need to read Rachel Carson's book and think about its message. 18．What did Rachel Carson focus on at first? A．Oceans. B．Chemistry. C．Food. 答案：A 19．What is Silent Spring mainly about? A．The effects of birds' unusual behavior. B．The improvements in farming practices. C．The connection between humans and nature. 答案：C 20．What does the speaker suggest? A．Printing books by Carson. B．Stopping using chemicals. C．Reflecting on Carson's message. 答案：C 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 　　Mental health is a growing worldwide problem. Because it can affect people at a young age, they'll often need treatment for many years. Artificial Intelligence (AI) will surely impact every aspect of modern life and society. Scientists and doctors have already begun to explore its potential for mental health research and treatment. Join us for this year's conference, where experts will discuss how AI will help people in their mental health therapy. Agenda *9：00 am-10：00 am Check In (Continental breakfast will be provided) *10：00 am-11：00 am Lecture's topic: A Fruitful Reciprocity (互惠): The Neuroscience－AI Connection Speaker: Dr Dan Yamins, Assistant Professor of Psychology and of Computer Science, Stanford University *11：00 am-12：00 pm Lecture's topic: From AI for mental health to digital therapeutics Speaker: Dr Aldo Faisal, Professor of AI & Neuroscience, Imperial College London *12：00 pm-1：30 pm Lunch Break *1：30 pm-2：30 pm Lecture's topic: Computational Psychiatry Speaker: Dr Frederike Petzschner, Assistant Professor of Brain Science, Brown University *2：30 pm-3：30 pm Lecture's topic: What can GenAI teach us about the nature of intelligence? Speaker: Dr Blaise Arcas, Researcher at Google Research *3：30 pm-4：30 pm Lecture's topic: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging Speaker: Dr Hugo Aerts, Associate Professor, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Full Professor at Maastricht University 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了人工智能如何帮助人们进行心理健康治疗的研讨会的日程安排。 21．What is the topic of this year's conference? A．AI's advantage in modern society. B．AI's influence on people's daily life. C．The difficulty in treating mental health. D．Applications of AI in treating mental health. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Join us ... mental health therapy.”可知，今年会议的主题是人工智能在心理健康治疗中的应用。故选D。 22．How many lectures will be given during the conference? A．Three. B．Five. C．Seven. D．Nine. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据表格内容中的“Lecture's topic ... Connection” “Lecture's topic ... digital therapeutics”“Lecture's topic: Computational Psychiatry”“Lecture's topic ... of intelligence？”和“Lecture's topic ... Medical Imaging”可知，在会议期间有五场讲座。故选B。 23．Who will talk about the effect of AI on medical imaging? A．Dr Hugo Aerts. B．Dr Aldo Faisal. C．Dr Dan Yamins. D．Dr Frederike Petzschner. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据表格内容中的“Lecture's topic: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging”和“Speaker: Dr Hugo Aerts”可知，Hugo Aerts (雨果·阿兹)博士将谈论人工智能对医学影像的影响。故选A。 B 　　Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. 　　While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time. At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time. In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there. Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory. For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study. 　　In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own. In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships. They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them. 　　Galilei's ambition pushed him to go further. In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe. In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter. He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see. These discoveries were startling,__and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries. 　　Galilei's great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利科学家Galilei (伽利略)的生平事迹以及主要成就。 24．Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university? A．Medicine. B．Physics. C．Chemistry. D．Philosophy. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Armed with ... particularly mathematics and physics.”可知，Galilei在大学时对数学和物理最感兴趣。故选B。 25．Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa? A．His teaching method failed to attract his students. B．His relationship with other professors wasn't good. C．His scientific discovery wasn't supported by some people. D．His potential related to science wasn't fully developed then. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then Galilei began to ... continued his scientific study.(然后伽利略开始写他关于落体的发现，这与亚里士多德的理论相悖。因此，他于1592年失去了在比萨大学的工作。但是伽利略继续他的科学研究。)”可知，Galilei在比萨大学丢了工作是因为他的科学发现没有得到一些人的支持。故选C。 26．What does the underlined word “startling” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Surprising. B．Unwelcome. C．Terrible. D．Encouraging. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries(伽利略很快就写出了《星际信使》，在书中他描述了这些惊人的发现)”可知，此处指这些发现令人震惊。由此可推知，startling意为“惊人的”与surprising意思相近。故选A。 27．Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei? A．Enthusiastic. B．Determined. C．Courageous. D．All the above. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Armed with unusual intelligence ... particularly mathematics and physics.(他拥有非凡的智慧和动力，很快就对许多学科产生了兴趣，尤其是数学和物理。)”以及第二段中的“For that reason ... continued his scientific study.”和倒数第二段中的“Galilei's ambition ... towards space.(伽利略的野心促使他走得更远。1609年秋天，他把望远镜对准了太空。)”可推知，Galilei是一个充满热情，有决心以及勇敢的人。故选D。 C 　　Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. 　　A certain scientist had discovered that a metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiation, which Marie Curie was later to call radioactivity. But where did this radiation come from, and what was it like? This was what she set out to discover. She did experiment after experiment. All seemed to prove that in the mineral which she was examining there was some source of radiation which man knew nothing about. 　　At this time her husband left his own laboratory work, in which he had been very successful, and joined her in her research for this unknown radiation. In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation. To this something, still unseen, they gave the name radium. 　　There was an old building at the back of the university, where Pierre Curie had been working. Its walls and roof were made of wood and glass. There were some old tables, a blackboard, and an old stove. It was not much better than a shed, and no one else seemed to want it. The Curies moved in and set up their laboratory and workshops. Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away. But where? 　　Then, one evening in 1902, as husband and wife sat together in their home, Marie Curie said, “Let's go down there for a moment.” It was nine o'clock and they had been “down there” only two hours before. But they put on their coats and were soon walking along the street to the shed. Pierre turned the key in the lock and opened the door. “Don't light the lamps，” said Marie, and they stood there in the darkness. “Look! ... Look！” 　　And there, glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test­tubes on the tables, was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find: Radium. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Madame Curie (居里夫人)是如何发现镭元素的。 28．What words can be used to describe Madame Curie according to the passage? A．Rich and generous. B．Energetic but stubborn. C．Committed and patient. D．Popular and confident. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She did experiment after experiment ... man knew nothing about. (她做了一个又一个实验。这一切似乎都证明，在她正在检查的矿物中，有某种人类所不知道的辐射源。)”以及第四段中的“Here for four difficult years ... them from far away. (在这艰难的四年里，他们竭尽所能地工作，称重、煮沸、测量、计算和思考。他们相信镭藏在从遥远的地方送来的矿物泥土中。)”可推知，Madame Curie非常的尽心尽力和有耐心。故选C。 29．What contributed most to the discovery of the element radium? A．The advanced equipment in the laboratory. B．The fund raised by the government for the experiment. C．Madame Curie's four years of hard work with her husband. D．The challenges and doubts from other scientists. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Here for four difficult years ... sent to them from far away.”可推知，Madame Curie和她丈夫四年的辛勤工作对镭元素的发现贡献最大。故选C。 30．What's the main idea of the text? A．How Madame Curie discovered the element radium. B．How Madame Curie fell in love with Pierre Curie. C．What contributions Madame Curie made to help her country. D．What sacrifice Pierre made to help Madame Curie achieve success. 答案：A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.”可知，文章主要讲述了Madame Curie是如何发现镭元素的。故选A。 31．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A science report. C．A history magazine. D．A biography. 答案：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Madame Curie发现镭元素的过程。由此可推知，文章可能来自一本传记。故选D。 D After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help. Previously, there have been AI models that can turn text into images. They can do this by learning from both text and images. This time, researchers have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re­create images based on people's brain scans. The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, the US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed a set of 10，000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI)． The AI system then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the FMRI data—when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, the AI system learned how human beings would react when seeing different photos. Finally, the researchers tested the AI system on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, an airplane, a clock and a train. If the person looked at an airplane, the AI system would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text­to­image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were with about 80 percent of accuracy. The new study created a novel approach that incorporates (合并) text and images to “decipher (破译) the brain”， Ariel Goldstein said. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家利用人工智能Stable Diffusion和FMRI技术，对脑神经信号进行解码，帮助人们重现梦境、想象或记忆画面。 32．What can AI system Stable Diffusion do? A．Build images from brain scans. B．Turn text into concrete images. C．Scan the brains of people. D．Make our brains more active. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This time, researchers have trained ... based on people's brain scans.”可知，Stable Diffusion能根据人的大脑扫描构建图像。故选A。 33．How does the author introduce the study in Paragraph 5? A．By analyzing some data. B．By giving the example. C．By making the definition. D．By explaining the reason. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“If the person looked at an airplane ... very blurry airplane.(如果这个人看着一架飞机，人工智能系统将使用大脑扫描数据来创建一架非常模糊的飞机的图像。)”可推知，作者通过举例介绍本段的研究。故选B。 34．What do we know about the study result? A．It was astonishing. B．It was confusing. C．It was convincing. D．It was disappointing. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The final images were with about 80 percent of accuracy.(最终图像的准确率约为80%。)”可推知，这项研究结果很有说服力。故选C。 35．Where can we most likely read the text? A．In a diary. B．In a text. C．In a guidebook. D．In a magazine. 答案：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了科学家利用人工智能帮助重现人们看到的图像。由此可推知，我们最有可能在一本杂志上读到这篇文章。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking “The greatest scientists are artists as well，” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist. For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. __36__ “All great achievements of science must start from intuitive knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.” __37__ Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. __38__ That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. __39__ “If I were not a physicist，” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition，” said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. __40__” A．But how did art differ from science for Einstein? B．Instead, it came from intuition (直觉) and inspiration. C．My new discovery is the result of musical insight. D．There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then. E．Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically. F．Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music. G．For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Einstein (爱因斯坦)关于创造性思维的观点。 36．B　根据上文“For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. (对爱因斯坦来说，洞察力并非来自逻辑或数学。)”可知，B项(相反，它来自直觉和灵感。)承接上文，与上文形成转折关系。故选B。 37．A　根据下文“Surprisingly, it wasn't the content ... the idea was expressed.”可知，决定某件事是艺术还是科学是根据想法是如何表达的。A项(但对爱因斯坦来说，艺术和科学有何不同？)引出下文。故选A。 38．E　根据上文“If what is seen ... intuitively, then it is art.(如果所看到和经历的是用逻辑的语言描述的，那么这就是科学。如果它被直观地传达和识别，那么它就是艺术。)”可知，此处说明艺术和科学的不同。E项(爱因斯坦本人凭直觉工作，有逻辑地表达自己的观点。)承接上文，并与下文“That's why ... also artists.(那就是为什么他说伟大的科学家也是艺术家。)”构成因果关系。故选E。 39．F　根据下文“If I were not a physicist ... I get most joy in life out of music.”可知，音乐对Einstein帮助很大。设空处位于本段开头，应统领本段内容。F项(爱因斯坦也把他的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐。)引出下文，适合作为本段主旨句。故选F。 40．C　根据上文“‘The theory of relativity ... behind this intuition，’ said Einstein.”可知，音乐对Einstein的工作产生了积极影响。C项(我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果。)承接上文。故选C。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 　　The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, __41__ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. 　　Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular __42__ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a __43__ explosive. After years of __44__， in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. 　　During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He __45__ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. 　　When Alfred's brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper __46__ published Alfred's obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was __47__ to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly __48__ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr Alfred Nobel, who became __49__ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” 　　To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) __50__. He spent his lifetime alone __51__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to __52__ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last __53__， saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great __54__ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr Alfred Nobel __55__ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了创立了诺贝尔奖的Alfred Nobel (阿尔佛雷德·诺贝尔)的生平。 41．A.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 答案：B　remember 记得；honour 表彰；credit 相信；prepare 准备。根据最后一段中的“In 1895, one year ... literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰那些有突出贡献的人。故选B。 42．A.nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 答案：A　nature 自然；性质；conduct 行为；举动；flavour 味道；benefit 利益。根据下文“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，此处指硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 43．A.deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 答案：C　deadly 致命的；bitter 苦涩的；usable 可用的；mild 温和的。根据下文“in 1867, at the age of 34 ... control than nitroglycerin”可知，Nobel想发明一种可用的炸药。故选C。 44．A.innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 答案：B　innovation 创新；effort 努力；hesitation 犹豫；association 协会。上文提到Nobel想要制造一种可用的炸药，所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 45．A.brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 答案：D　bring up 抚养，抚育；put up 张贴；提供食宿；break up 结束；关系破裂；build up 建立；积累。根据下文“his wealth”可知，此处指积累财富。故选D。 46．A.mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically 答案：A　mistakenly 错误地；purposefully 故意地；unintentionally 无意地；scientifically 科学地。根据上文“When Alfred's brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是Nobel的弟弟过世而不是Nobel过世，所以报纸刊登错了讣告。故选A。 47．A.satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 答案：D　satisfied 满意的；relieved 宽慰的；impressed 印象深刻的；disappointed 失望的。根据下文“The newspaper ... ‘Dr Alfred Nobel ... faster than ever before, died yesterday.’”可知，媒体对Nobel的评价很糟糕，所以Nobel读着自己的讣告时，感到很失望。故选D。 48．A.praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured 答案：B　praise 表扬；blame 责备；appreciate 欣赏；感激；favour 偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of ‘the merchant of death’”可知，此处指报纸在责备Nobel发明炸药。故选B。 49．A.greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 答案：C　greedy 贪婪的；essential 必要的；rich 富裕的；sufficient 充分的。根据上文“He __45__ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，Nobel通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而变得富有。故选C。 50．A.error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 答案：B　error 错误；warning 警告；threat 威胁；consequence 结果。根据下文“He spent his lifetime ... he would be remembered.”可知，Nobel很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示。故选B。 51．A.destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating 答案：B　destroy 破坏；invent 发明；combine 结合；stimulate 刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，Nobel一生都在发明东西。故选B。 52．A.improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 答案：A　improve 提升；establish 建立；illustrate 说明；secure 保护；获得。根据上文“He spent his lifetime ... he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 53．A.request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 答案：C　request 请求；illustration 说明；阐述；will 遗嘱；fortune 命运；财富。根据下文“saying clearly that ... literature, and peace”可知，Nobel在去世的前一年立了遗嘱。故选C。 54．A.choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 答案：D　choice 选择；decision 决定；profit 利润；contribution 贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered ... in different fields.”可知，诺贝尔奖表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 55．A.gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 答案：A　give away 赠送，捐赠；give back 归还；give off 散发；give out 分发；公布。根据下文“94% of ... Nobel Prizes”可知，Nobel捐赠了总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选A。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has countless attractions. The Great Wall is __56__ (probable) one that is most familiar __57__ the Western tourists. The Great Wall is like a giant stone dragon, __58__ (wind) across the country from the ocean on the east to the desert on the west. It is the longest wall that __59__ (build) ever, 1，500 miles in __60__ (long). Along the wall are watch towers, __61__ soldiers were on the watch for threats. The wall was initially constructed __62__ (prevent) invasion of neighboring states, and the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. From the top of the Great Wall, people can enjoy an __63__　(impress) view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. If we were to build such a wall now, we would use modern machines. __64__， the ancient Chinese had to build the wall by hand. The reason why the Great Wall attracts tourists from all over the world every year is __65__　it represents the highest wisdom of ancient China. Just as the saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 56．______　57.______　58.______　59.______　60．______　61.______　62.______　63.______　64．______　65.______ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方游客最熟悉的中国长城的具体情况。 56．probably　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填probably。 57．to　考查介词。sth be familiar to sb为固定搭配，意为“某物为某人所熟悉”。故填to。 58．winding　考查非谓语动词。wind和The Great Wall之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填winding。 59．has been built　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词是the longest wall，在从句中作主语；根据ever可知，应用现在完成时，且build和the longest wall之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been built。 60．length　考查词性转换。设空处作in的宾语，应用名词length，in length为固定短语，意为“在长度上，长度为……”。故填length。 61．where　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是watch towers，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 62．to prevent　考查非谓语动词。设空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to prevent。 63．impressive　考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词view。故填impressive。 64．However　考查副词。设空处上文提到，如果现在建造这样一堵墙，我们会使用现代机械。设空处下文提到，中国古人不得不手工建造长城。设空前后语义构成转折关系。设空后有逗号，应用转折副词however，且设空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填However。 65．that　考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句的成分和语义均完整，应用that引导。故填that。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 为了呼吁学生崇尚科学精神，学习科学家的优秀品质，你们学校的校报“英语天地”栏目组织了一场主题为“如果你想要当一名科学家，需要具备哪些品质？”的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 What qualities should a scientist have? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] What qualities should a scientist have? 　　As far as I am concerned, a scientist is supposed to have some scientific qualities as follows： Firstly, scientists should be interested in, and curious about certain things. They pay attention to various aspects of the research problems and keep exploring. In addition, scientists need to be imaginative and willing to experiment bravely with new ideas and methods. As we all know, scientists are often intelligent and able to form independent opinions and methods. Caution and persistence are also necessary for scientists to succeed. 　　Becoming a scientist is not easy. Stick to the dream and it will become a reality sooner or later. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jane was waiting in the corridor outside her class. She had two exams that day and physics was the first. She really hated physics. Her friend Terry looked at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly. Terry is a straight A student. She didn't have a problem with physics. She didn't have a problem with anything ... Miss Perfect! The two girls hadn't talked to each other for two weeks. “Hi, Jane, it's your favorite exam today，” said Maya, laughing as she joined the line. Terry was looking at Jane again. “So what's wrong with her？” asked Maya. “I thought you were friends.” “Yes, so did I，” said Jane. “Two weeks ago, she said she was busy going to the hospital to take care of somebody. I wanted to lend a hand, but she told me she could handle it herself. She promised to help me review for the physics exam, and guess what she did. She ignored all my calls and texts！” said Jane angrily. “Are you listening to me？” Mr Richard was talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room. Jane gave Maya a worried look and followed them. Jane couldn't answer question number five. She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of her. Jane couldn't believe it! Terry was holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it. Is that how Terry always got such good grades? She felt really angry at Terry, but she didn't know what to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her? “Stop writing and put your pens down，” said Mr Richard as he started to collect the exam papers. Jane wanted to talk to Terry at lunch time, but she couldn't find her anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Jane's favorite subject but she wasn't feeling good. She didn't know what to do about Terry. “It wasn't fair！” she thought. “Terry was getting good grades by cheating all the time.” thought Jane. Just then, Mr Richard walked past her table. “Mr Richard, I ..., I saw Jerry with her cell phone in the physics exam ...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 　　Jane was sitting behind Terry again in the history exam that afternoon.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Jane was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jane (简)在物理考试的时候无意间发现了Terry (特里)使用了手机，于是Jane将Terry作弊一事告诉了Richard (理查德)老师。历史考试中Terry会再次使用手机吗？考试结束后，是谁跟在Jane的身后？ [精彩范文] 　　Jane was sitting behind Terry again in the history exam that afternoon. Jane was feeling terrible. Mr Richard wanted her to nod at him if she saw Terry cheating in the exam. When she saw Terry holding her phone under the table, Jane looked up and nodded to Mr Richard. Terry was too busy looking at her phone to notice Mr Richard coming near. Mr Richard picked up her exam paper, tore it in half and told Terry to leave the classroom. 　 Jane was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her. It was Terry. “Jane, please wait，” said Terry. “I'm really sorry I didn't answer your calls. My dad has been in hospital for two weeks. He had a big heart operation today. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going. But Mr Richard caught me. He thought I was cheating. I have explained to Mr Richard and he believes me now. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening but I haven't forgotten that we're friends. Will you forgive me？” 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null