专题02 Unit 3-4 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上教版2020选择性必修第一册）

高二英语期中考试复习 上教版2020 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3-4 ◆ 过去进行时的被动语态句 ◆ 过去完成时的被动语态 Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses 上教版选择性必修一 Unit 3 The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “_________________________”. The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past action. The verb form is “ ______________________”. was/were being done had been done Working out the rules 过去进行时被动语态 1 PART ONE Ahead of Japan's discharge of toxic water starting on Thursday, public fears and frustrations were being shared by its Asian neighbors, where many still bear strong resentment over Japan's World War II aggression. was/were being done 过去进行时被动语态 Look and learn 过去进行时的被动语态 否定主语+was/were + not + being + done 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+being+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were +(主语 +)being +done 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being + = (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 This film was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。 2. 进行时的被动语态可以由“was / were + under / on等介词+名词”结构代替。 Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year. = Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year. 许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。 He didn’ t stay in my room last night because it was under repair. = He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。 1. The reading room _____________ (clean) every day. 2. The man ______________ (attack)with a knife. 3. The tiger ______________ (feed) some nice meat at this time yesterday. 4. My car _____________________ (clean) by my son at ten yesterday morning. 5. The topic that I am fond of _______________________ (discuss) when I came in the classroom. 6. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). 7.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Practice is cleaned was attacked was being fed was being cleaned was being decorated was being discussed was told 过去完成时被动语态 2 PART TWO 过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 had been sent to hospital told 过去完成时被动语态 He told me that the injured man had been sent to hospital. 过去之前被…… 过去 Look and learn had been done I found the meal had been prepared. had been done I tried to answer， but our language had been lost and forgotten. 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn The construction of this railway was not an easy ride for those involved, as the building process had been dogged by many engineering challenges due to complex and often unfavorable geological conditions. had been done 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn In 2016, Xinhua Dictionary entered the Guinness World Records as the world's most popular dictionary and the most popular book. By the end of July 2015, about 567 million copies of the dictionary had been sold since its initial（最初的） release. had been done 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn 过去完成时的被动语态 否定:主语+had+ not + been + done 一般疑问句:had+主语+been+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+(主语 +)been +done 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+had done 主+be+done 主语+ had+ been+done be+done→been + = (1)过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。 By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗? 用法1: 表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的被动动作，常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。 By the time we got there , all the tickets had been sold out. By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes. 将下列句子改为被动句 They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month. 用法2: 表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用 it was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了 He told us that he had done the reach for five years. He said that he had made great progress since he came here. He suddenly remember that he had left the key at home. 将下列句子改为被动句 常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought, 等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），表示这些动作之前就发生的被动动作。 Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than…+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚….就……, 一…….就……”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法4: Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。 It / This / That was the first / second / ... time + that从句，当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法5: It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖 Practice A new agreement (sign) by the time we got there. The professor was delighted to find that the project _________________ (finish) by the students independently. She returned home and found all the furniture______________ (ruin) by the flood. We __________(build)five new buildings by the end of last year. This polluted river ___________________ (clean). 6. Yesterday I returned the book that _____________________ (borrow) before. had been signed had been finished had been ruined has been cleaned had build had been borrowed 针对训练 B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who ______________ (injure) so recently. 2. The swimming pool _____________________________ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began. 3. He felt that his talents ___________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. had been injured had been cleaned/was cleaned were being wasted Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 4. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor. 5.Photos of the riders ___________________________(take) before they got on their horses. was being treated had been taken/were taken B Applying the rules Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1)_________________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) __________ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3)____________________ on had been placed were being carried had (been) trained make train blow place carry cheer Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to vunlunteer for this year's half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations (4)___________________________, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until make train blow place carry cheer had been made/were made Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)___________________ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6)________________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others. make train blow place carry cheer were being cheered was being blown ◆ 表语从句 Predicative Clause 上教版选择性必修一 Unit 4 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。 What is the predicative？ 28 表语从句的定义 The question is who will do it. The question is difficult. （ 表 ） 表语从句 （ 表 ） 在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。 2. 表语从句的构成 主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句 This is why he did it. What I want to say is that I am tired. 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有： 1. 状态系动词：be 2. 感官系动词：feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3. 持续系动词：stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4. 变化系动词：become ,get , grow , turn , go , come, run, fall 5. 终止系动词：prove, turn out 是 ......起来 保持 变得 证明是...... 结果是...... 她似乎是为了变得好看才保持身材的。 3. 引导词 从属连词：that / whether /as if /as though (if不引导表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which/ what 连接副词：when / where / why / how 32 Predicative Clauses ( 表语从句) 在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句也必须用陈述语序。 “主语+系动词+表语从句(引导词+其他)” Structure: 基本用法 1. The most important thing is that we finish the final task. 2. The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time. 3. The reason why he was late is that he got up late. (1)从属连词: that& whether 用法归纳： a. that引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子 成分，有/没有意义，不能省略。 b. whether引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“______”。注意，引导表语从句时通常不用if。 连接 √ √ 连接 √ 是否 c. 注意下面这个结构：The reason why ... is / was that ... 引导词的用法 1. She is not she was. 2. Exercise is keeps us healthy. 3. The winner will be solves that problem. (2) 连接代词: who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, ... 用法归纳： 连接代词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________)等。 连接 主语，宾语，表语 who what whoever (3) 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, ... 1. The house is Lu Xun once lived. 2. Tomorrow is it would be the most convenient. 4. That’s you should push yourself. 5. The best time to start is whenever you are ready. 3. The question is how much effort you can make. 用法归纳： 连接副词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。 连接 状语 where when why 1. He looked as if he was going to cry. 2. That’s because we were in need of money at that time. (4) 其他词：because, as if, as though, ... 1. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(should)+动词原形。 My suggestion is that we all ___________ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet. 2. His proposal was that the work _________________ (finish) in five hours. (should) be finished (should) take Attention 2.That’s/It’s/This’s because… That’s/It’s/This’s why… The reason why…is that… He was sent to the hospital. That’s he was ill. 2. He was ill. That’s he was sent to the hospital. 3. The reason he was sent to the hospital is he was ill. why because why that 1. The fact is ______ different people have different opinions towards cloning. 2. What Alex really doubts is _________ his mother will recover from the disease soon. 3. The question is ______ we can do to solve the problem in such a short time. 4. The reason why he was late was ______ he failed to catch the first bus. that whether what that 选择正确的引导词填空。 Practice 5. I want to be a teacher. That's ______ I want to be. 6. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's _____ I got wet all through. 7. The question is _____ we can turn to for help if necessary. 8. The most exciting moment was _______ I was awarded the first prize. what why who when A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria. B. Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another. C. Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding which/what/whose theory to depend upon. D. We realised that what we cared about was not which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect! E. You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place. Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science. David: _____________________________________________ Maria: With your theoretical framework? David: _____________________________________________ Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance. David: _____________________________________________ Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work. David: ______________________________________________ Maria: So what happened in the end? David: ______________________________________________ A B D C E Summary： 1. 表语从句的结构: 主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句 2. 引导词: ｛ 连词：that,whether,as,as if/though,because 连接代词：who,what,which,whom,whose...+ever 连接副词：when,where,how,why,...+ever 3. 注意点: 3）if 不引导表语从句。 4）表语从句的虚拟语气。 1）语序:连主谓。 2）that引导表语从句时不能省略。 表语从句 $$